Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Risques des marchés financiers'
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Ghozzi, Mohamed Khaled. "De la communication volontaire sur les risques : Utilité pour les marchés financiers." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090053.
Full textThis dissertation examines voluntary risk disclosures utility on French market. Empirical studies carried out in this research test short and long term effect between risk disclosures and information asymmetry. Short-term study shows that only operational and interest rate risk disclosures reduce investor disagreements about firms’ risk exposures. Quantitative disclosures are more likely to reduce investor disagreements. These disagreements are measured by transactions volume and seem to be less important for firms listed in the US market in which firms disclose more about their risks. We conclude on the existence of short-term effect of risk disclosures level. Throughout long-term study, we measure risk disclosures level for French market listed firms during three years. We examine the impact of this level on financial analysts’ forecasts. Our findings show no significant relationship between risk disclosures level and financial analysts’ forecasts errors and dispersion. However, disclosures level of reports issued by French firms reduces analysts’ forecasts errors and dispersion
Bachelet, Rémi. "Organisation et gestion des risques en salle des marchés financiers : appareil, marché, réseau." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090043.
Full textHow do organizations working in a simultaneously complex, competitive and turbulent environment manage risk ? Most traders buy and sell over a hundred million dollars daily, and there arc more than one hundred operators on a dealing floor. This empirical study draws over three years of participant observation in a trading room and forty interview in Paris, London and Hong Kong. There are three main contributions to this research : 1. The development of concepts guiding the understanding of the unique phenomenon of dealing rooms : the position, the correlation of financial instruments and the desk as a combination of a trading strategy and a product. 2. The building of a model guiding the understanding of organizations. This model is based on three fundamental forms: the hierarchy, the market and the network. We redefine them as ideal types through regulation, coordination and adaptation. 3. These ideal types allow for an analytical charting encompassing risk-management strategies. This makes it possible to draw up a falsifiable hypothesis: are trading rooms plural organizations ? We show the relevance of our ideal types and of their complex interactions. Chinese walls and product lines are explained as an application of this approach. Some distinctive features of dealing rooms are also explained : their perpetual state of transformation and their distinctiveness from other forms of organization. Facing a "crisis of the understanding of organizations", we suggest a new approach to risk- management and bring a contribution to the question of the "nature of the firm". Parallels with other organizations - in simultaneous engineering, control towers and news agencies - are suggested. Teaching of our research also bear on the inadequacy of risk-control strategies in use and suggest ways of improvement
Pisani, Florence. "La prise des risques financiers : une approche macro-économique du rôle des marchés." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090032.
Full textThe rise of finance in developed economies is, for a part at least, a response to the provision and use of an ever growing volume of productive capital stocks and to the accumulation of an ever growing amount of financial assets, which is its counterpart. It is, however, far from being only a mechanical consequence of the development of the real sphere of the economy: the development of financial markets has also radically altered the way financial risks associated with the financing of the accumulation of capital stocks are now borne. The mechanisms allocating savings and redistributing financial risks at the disposal of our economies have, however, neither the efficiency nor the robustness advocated by the proponents of financial liberalization. The mass of risks a financial system can absorb depends not only on prudential regulatory constraints, but also on financial agents’ attitude towards risk. The pro-cyclical nature of the latter has a major impact on financial stability: the system can suddenly be unable to strike a balance on its own
Girmens, Guillaume. "Privatisation et marchés financiers : Essais sur la théorie du partage des risques." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EVRY0012.
Full textThis thesis is particularly original, because it shows that, even if privatization had no direct implications (in terms of incentives, productive efficiency, industrial organization. . . ), it would not be neutral because of indirect general equilibrium considerations, i. E. When the interdependence between different economic agents and between different markets is duly accounted for. Within a general equilibrium framework, we aim at explaining how privatization may have an effect on risk-sharing (chapter 1). Then, we take into account the fact that the process of integration of stock markets around the world is quite advanced (chapter 2). Finally, we take explicitly into account the fact that financial markets also facilitate intertemporal choices (chapter 3)
Sadek, Mohamed. "La sécurisation des marchés financiers." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10062.
Full textThe prevailing instability in the financial markets legitimizes a clear improvement in the methods of the current regulators. Indeed, the new dynamic proposed in the thesis is to consider markets as a place of wealth creation and not insecurity. How to achieve this goal? By the conjunction of two approaches: the first approach is the one that advocates the adaptation of classic instruments of recovery (Part I), namely the standards from one side (Title 1) and the institution from the other (Title 2). Nevertheless, being outpaced by the technological evolutions in the markets, this adaptation is only the substrate which should allow a second step to emerge, a step of prospective security (Part II) by both technology (Title 2) and against technological threats (Title 1). Thus, the adaptation of classic security combined with the introduction of a prospective security are the two pillars suggested for securing the financial markets
Bachelet, Rémi. "Organisation et gestion des risques en salle des marches financiers : appareil, marche, réseau." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00114177.
Full textNous conduisons notre recherche à travers une approche empirique : d'abord pendant une période d'observation participante de trois ans, puis en menant une quarantaine d'entretiens à Paris, Londres et Hong Kong.
Nos apports sont triples :
1. L'observation en salle des marchés s'applique à un objet émergent et original. Nous proposons trois notions pour le décrire : celle de position, celle de corrélation des instruments financiers et celle de desk, définie à partir d'une grille d'analyse associant métiers et produits.
2. Nous construisons notre problématique à partir des trois formes fondamentales de l'action organisée que sont l'appareil hiérarchique, le marché et le réseau. Nous les constituons en idéaltypes en tant que dispositifs de régulation, de coordination et d'adaptation d'un système.
3. En 'déclinant' ceux-ci, nous établissons une grille d'analyse des modalités de gestion des risques dans l'organisation. Nous discutons ainsi notre hypothèse centrale selon laquelle les salles des marchés constituent des organisations plurielles.
Nous démontrons ainsi la pertinence des idéaltypes et de leurs interactions, en particulier à travers les dispositifs organisationnels que sont les "murs de Chine" et les "lignes produits". Enfin, nous explicitons les particularités des salles des marchés : le mouvement de réorganisation continuelle dont elles sont le théâtre et leur spécificité par rapport aux autres organisations.
Face à la crise d'interprétation de l'organisation, nous proposons donc une nouvelle approche de la gestion des risques. Des parallèles sont évoqués : tours de contrôle, ingénierie simultanée, agences de presse.
Enfin, notre recherche pointe l'insuffisance de l'approche actuelle par le contrôle des risques et propose des pistes d'amélioration.
Gourdy, Hélène. "La couverture sur les marchés financiers." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020020.
Full textSince the financial crisis of 2008, market participants have been seeking to increase the effectiveness of their protection against the specific risks arising from financial transactions to which they are daily exposed. At the same time, the legislator must ensure financial stability. The collateral, unique instrument, designed by financial actors, has been part of these two distinct purposes for some years now. This dual use clouds the concept and raises many questions.Initially conceived as a simple security deposit supplemented by margin calls based on changes in the value of outstanding transactions, collateral has since evolved significantly. Its uses have multiplied, and its boundaries have become uncertain, so much as to appear undefined. Referred to by various names, sometimes mandatory, sometimes optional, and used on regulated markets as well as over-the-counter, collateral now takes such varied forms that it is difficult to grasp its core substance. However, the increased use of this instrument requires that its regime be clarified and the legal uncertainties it produces be removed, given the magnitude of possible financial consequences.By reviewing all the current examples of coverage on the financial markets, this thesis aims to highlight the legal nature of this security interest, in order to shed the necessary light on the conditions for its implementation
Al, Ayoubi Mireille. "Marchés financiers et gestion des risques : Une modélisation fractale de la VaR du CAC40." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD061.
Full textFinancial markets occupy an important place in our society. However, they present increased risks to financial institutions. Crises, crashes, bubbles and financial turbulence often destabilize these markets. Indeed, the existence of different anomalies and psychological bias, going against the hypothesis of efficiency, put into question financial theory and present an inefficiency of financial and risk management. Faced with these effects, Bale II committee recommended Value at risk as a new financial instrument of risk management. Value at Risk, introduced by JP Morgan Bank in the 90, have a great recognition in finance, but it is also a subject of controversy. To overcome the VaR limits, we propose a new framework based on fractal process. Taking into account abnormalities and risk factors of financial markets, which induce non-Gaussian returns, we introduce the VaR with a Markov-switching multifractal model proposed by Calvet and Fisher. The VaR-MSM approach presents multifractal volatility at different frequencies. We apply this model to the France CAC 40 stock market index. The results clearly show the advantages of VaR-MSM compared with other models of VaR evaluation
Guibaud, Stéphane. "Essais sur l'intégration des marchés financiers internationaux." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0066.
Full textThis dissertation bears on international financial markets integration. First, we review the broad stylized facts on international financial integration and the explanations that have been proposed to account for its llimited extent. Chapter 2 builds a model with default risk and iceberg costs on transfers. It shows that trade integration can have a positive impacts on international risk-sharing through its impact on the wilingness to pay of creditors. Chapter 3 presents a dynamic general equilibrium model of asset pricing with two Lucas trees and taxes on the repatriation of dividends that can match many characteristics of international financial markets interms of prices, returns, portfolios and flows. In chapter 4 we analyze data on bilateral equity holdings and show that ceteris peribus investors tend to dislike those foreign assets that are highly correlated with their domestic assets
Davanne, Olivier. "Défaillances des marchés financiers et interventions publiques." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090028/document.
Full textThe constituent articles of this dissertation analyze the financial market failures traditionally identified by economists (associated with externalities, information asymmetries and incompleteness of markets) and the policy responses. A central observation is that public interventions have almost never resulted from a cold analysis of these market failures but are decided in a hurry to respond to the most obvious shortcomings observed during a crisis. This pragmatic and a-theoretical approach leads to poorly calibrated interventions. These articles are addressing in particular the lender of last resort policy that encourages the issuance of various short-term debts by financial institutions and feeds systemic risk. They also highlight the risks of certain reforms decided after the "subprime" crisis. Governments should focus on the provision of public goods clearly identified by economic analysis (control of "agents" and information), and should not multiply risky interventions that sometimes create more market imperfections than they claim to solve
Guynamant, Chiabai Béatrice. "Les managers dans les marchés financiers." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020082.
Full textMarket operators are individualistic and opportunistic talented experts involved under time pressure in an environment focused on performance, where money and risk are, in addition to the sinews of war, a constant concern. In this game, where all players focus on absolute growth but whose interests sometimes diverge, what is the role of management? This research study is based on a theoretical framework that focuses on the sociology of professions, the ANT (Action Network Theory) and the stakeholder theory. It also mobilizes theories related to the culture of performance (Competing Value Framework, Quinn), the context of risk, uncertainty and crisis (game theory), the management of individualistic and opportunistic talented experts, (management theories and competition), relationships to money (theory of reasoned action and theory of situated action). On the theoretical side, our contributions are twofold: we combine ANT and stakeholder theory, we address competition with an intra-organizational rather than an inter-organizational angle The field survey is based on an exploratory phase (feedback from 70 managers who received training sessions in management and 15 exploratory interviews) to build a questionnaire answered by 37 managers. Data are analyzed through a theorical coding process with the help of NVivo software Our contribution for the professionals is a better understanding of the rules and the recommendation to place People in the heart of the system, by developing management skills, sharing best practices or encouraging shareholding for managers (or key people)
Wagalath, Lakshithe. "Modélisation mathématique du risque endogène dans les marchés financiers." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832234.
Full textBen, Mansour Kharraz Sélima. "Hétérogénéité des croyances et équilibre des marchés financiers." Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090010.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose to test a new behavioral explanation of the equity premium puzzle. This work is based on the heterogeneous beliefs model of Jouini and Napp (2007) according to which, pessimism of investors at the aggregate level leads to very important risk premiums. In this model, agents’ pessimism refers to an underestimation of the average rate of return of assets: while pessimistic agents require a market price of risk identical to the standard agent one, they overestimate the risk associated with assets and the resulting equity premium is therefore increased. There is no need, in this setting, for all investors to be pessimistic. Pessimism at the aggregate level is sufficient in order to ensure an increase in the equity premium. Even if the average belief is neutral, it’s possible to have pessimism at the aggregate level through a positive correlation between optimism and risk aversion. Based on this conclusion, we identify the conditions under which the excess returns of securities are consistent with agents’ pessimism. Our aim is to investigate if there is a positive correlation between optimism and risk aversion through a survey and laboratory experiments
Lescourret, Laurence. "Concurrence imparfaite entre opérateurs sur les marchés financiers." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHEC0003.
Full textGraaf, Anne van der. "Managing financial risks : protecting the organisation." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0020/document.
Full textRisks taken in the financial sector have been in the public eye since the financial crisis of 2008. This thesis explores the internal workings of the large organisations that take financial market risks, banks and insurance companies. It follows their risk managers, analysing their work and output. The thesis is based on an ethnography with 84 semi-structured interviews and two participant observations in risk management. EU regulation and literature on financial risk state that risk managers control risk taking of their organisations. This thesis shows that is not the case. The risk managers do not have the resources to make the control stick. They focus on another aspect, namely on keeping the organisation alive. The risk managers prevent negative consequences from happening to their organisation by handling the communications to resourceful outsiders. Regulators, shareholders and counterparties all have the power to bring down a financial organisation. The risk managers manage communications about the state of the organisation to these outsiders. With the help of their risk assessments, they want to avoid the negative effects an outsider could bring. Accounting rules and mathematical standards restrict the malleability of the risks, depending on enforcement of powerfull outsiders. The risk managers juggle the different limits to show an organisation in good health
Han, Sung-Yun. "Le fondement théorique de l'aversion au risque et les marchés financiers." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100106.
Full textIn the traditional theory of decision-making, we cannot take into consideration the problems on the complexes environment, not only because of the difficulty to accept and to evaluate correctly the results of possible alternatives, but also the difficulty to compare these alternatives on the basis of evaluation imprecise and uncertain. So we need a new approach to the analysis and to the solution. This investigation motivate our work which consist of, on the one hand, the analysis and rationalization of the procedure of choice or decision, and the other hand, of elaboration of nonconventional mathematical model which permit the representation and exploitation of relation between the fuzzy preference and fuzzy measure. Our objective in this work is to formulate and to analyses the measure of risk aversion with the fuzzy sub-set theories. This new notion "fuzzy" has introduced and studied. This notion permits to establish the bridge between the decision theory and the fuzzy sub-set theory. And this bridge facilitates the definition more precisely of the fuzzy utility function, fuzzy integral and fuzzy expected utility. Finally the mathematical formulation of the fuzzy risk aversion has developed and aplicated to the financial market
Lazrak, Ali. "Essais en microéconomie des marchés financiers en temps continu." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10070.
Full textShould young people be less risk averse? Can one revover the utility function from the consumption and the investment strategies? Can one embed a descriptive model for asset price and interest rates by an equilibrium pure exchange economy endogenous asset price and interest rate? This thesis considers these problems in the context of a continuous time model for financial markets. In a general environment, we prove a martingale property of the risk tolerance process, and this martingale condition proves to be a very convenient tool to solve our problems. An important part of the analysis is devoted to the stochastic volatility model, and certain independent results concerning the role of options are established in the context of this model. Mathematical tools involved are the martingale representation theorem, the comparison theorem of the stochastic differential equations, and the theory of stochastic control
Jimenez-Garces, Sonia. "Information privée sur les marchés financiers : une étude de la prime de risque dans un cadre général." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21019.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims at studying the information risk premium on financial markets from a theoretical, an empirical and a practical point of view. Theoretically, this thesis introduces a new rational expectation equilibrium asset pricing model for asymmetrically informed investors. Our model enables us to analyse the information risk premium in a general case, taking into account many risky assets and several sources of correlation between them. The model specification allows us to draw many new interesting theoretical conclusions and empirically testable hypothesis. Our model can also be applied on several ways. For example, the model permits explaining some market « anomalies » and phenomena in international finance. The goal of our empirical study is to test the presence of an information factor on the financial markets and to analyse the weight of this factor. The information factor is approached by a new asymmetric information measure directly founded on rational expectation equilibrium models in asymmetric information. We analyse the impact of the information factor on stock returns and show that investors require an information risk premium to hold assets. A second empirical analysis in the thesis studies mutual funds performance and their degree of specialisation as functions of the asymmetric information degree of their assets. Our empirical results corroborate the conclusions of our theoretical model
Broihanne, Marie-Hélène. "Comportements stratégiques et formation des prix sur les marchés financiers." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR1EC04.
Full textThis work investigates the price formation process on financial markets. Our approach relies on the behavioural finance paradigm. We particularly analyse investors who exhibit gambling behaviours. In this respect, we compare these investors to bettors at the racetrack. The analysis of experimental and field data leads us to show that people generally use a lot of heuristics when they take decisions. This attenuated rationality of investors seems to generate empirical anomalies to the efficient market hypothesis. Our methodology allows us to give an estimation of the risk taking behaviour of investors and bettors. Observed behaviours are well in line with theoretical explanations given by non expected utility theories. Our conclusions catch sight of a possible reconciliation of the efficient market hypothesis and empirical anomalies by allowing investors and bettors to exhibit subjective attitudes towards probabilities
Feyler, Stéphanie. "Évaluation et surveillance des risques relatifs aux conglomérats financiers." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT4005/document.
Full textThe arisen structural changes, and still current, within the financial industry are especially numerous, multiple and complex. The analysis of their consequences, particularly on financial stability, turns out crucial. Our work concentrates on one of these transformations, the emergence and the development of the financial conglomeration, which has for peculiarity to mix diversification and globalization, and which in our sense was rarely studied. Our objective is to contribute to fill this lack. We articulated our reflection around three axes: the practice apprehension of the financial conglomeration, its implications in terms on risk exposure, and its incidences in prudential plan, more particularly in terms on architecture of the financial supervision. We suggest mitigating the absence of data dedicated specifically to this movement by using data relative to the operations of mergers & acquisitions. While it seems impossible to assert in a unambiguous way if these groups are more or less risked that their counterparts individual and susceptible to expose the financial sphere to aggravated and\or new risks, we clarify elements to engender a higher risk profile, underline the importance to adopt a global perspective towards this level of incurred risk and demonstrate the pernicious incidence of the strategy of diversification on the probability of systematic risk. Finally, we show by means of a Probit Multinomial that the financial conglomeration is an explanatory factor in the highly-rated of factors traditionally advanced by the unification of the national authorities of supervision
Boroumand, Raphaël Homayoun. "Fonction d'intermédiation et dynamique concurrentielle : le cas de la fourniture sur les marchés électriques." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0033.
Full textThe thesis studies the competitive specificity of electricity intermediation in decentralized systems. First, we analyze electricity intermediation’s economics regarding to other industries. Then we compare, on a risk management perspective the efficiency of different sourcing portfolios made of financial contracts, options, and physical assets of different technologies. Finally, we study intermediation strategies in an imperfect competition configuration. We demonstrate that electricity intermediaries have strong incentives to vertically integrate in order to efficiently cover the risks inherent to their economical and institutional functions. Because of the structural dimensions of electricity's market risks, the risk exposure is unknown ex ante and will only be revealed ex post when consumption is known. Vertically integrated, intermediaries will adopt parallel pricing behaviors (tacit collusion) to maximize their profits and exercise a collective market power. They do not behave as pure retailers. The latter would symmetrically transfer downstream ail variations of their sourcing costs in a setting of price competition
Rasamoely, Florian. "Modélisation de carnet d’ordres et gestion de risque de liquidité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE030/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of stochastic modeling of limit order book and two stochastic control problems under liquidity risk and price impact. The thesis is made of two distinct parts.In the first part, we investigate markovian limit order book model under different aspects. In particular, in Chapter 2, we introduce a model of cumulative depth representation. We consider different arrival events with dependencies on current state. Chapter 3 handles the model stability problem through a semi-martingale approach for the denumerable Markov Chain classification. We give for each problem a model calibration from empirical facts such as mean average profile of limit order book density. Chapter 4 is dedicated to the model estimation and model calibration by means of market data flow. Thus, we compare our model to market data through stylized facts and empirical facts. We give a concrete calibration to the different stability problems. Finally, in Chapter 5, we handle the optimal liquidation problem in the cumulative depth representation model framework.We study, in the second part, an optimal liquidation problem of an investor under stochastic resilience. This problem may be formulated as a stochastic singular control problem. We show that the associated value function is the unique viscosity solution of an Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. We suggest an iterative numerical method to compute the optimal strategy. The numerical scheme convergence is obtained through the monotonicity, stability and consistancy creteria
Chevallier, Christine. "Le développement du tranfert de risques d'assurance aux marchés de capitaux." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090061.
Full textKaaniche, Souad. "Les marchés à terme d'instruments financiers et la gestion du risque des portefeuilles." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE0008.
Full textLubochinsky, Catherine. "Firme bancaire, risque de taux d'intérêt et marchés à terme." Université d'Orléans. Faculté de droit, d'économie et de gestion, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ORLE0504.
Full textAubry, Hugues. "Risque et rentabilité sur les marchés financiers émergents : de la statistique des valeurs extrêmes." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100144.
Full textBourgeois, Yoann. "Les réseaux de neurones artificiels pour mesurer les risques économiques et financiers." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0118.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to provide complete methodologies to solve prediction and classification problems in economy and finance by using Artificial Neural networks. The plan of work shows that the thesisplays a great part in establishing in several ways a statistic methodology for neural networks. We proceed in four chapters. The first chapter describes supervised and unsupervised neural network methodology to modelize quantitative or qualitative variables. In the second chapter, we are interested by the bayesian approach for supervised neural networks and the developpement of a set of misspecification statistic tests for binary choice models. In chapter three, we show that multivariate supervised neural networks enable to take into account structural changes and the neural networks methodology is able to estimate some probabilities of exchange crisis. In chapter four, we develope a complete based neural network-GARCH model to manage a stocks portfolio. We introduce some terms as conditional returns or conditional risk for a stock or a portfolio. Next, we apply bayesian Self-Organizing Map in order to estimate the univariate probability density function of the DM/USD exchange rate
Campi, Luciano. "Marchés financiers avec une infinité d'actifs, couverture quadratique et délits d'initiés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004331.
Full textShen, Jun. "Les législations concernant les marchés financiers en France et aux Etats-Unis - Approche comparée." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30010.
Full textThe legislations concerning financial markets govern not only the markets, but also the participants, the products and the activities as well in the markets. By using these indispensable legal tools, the legislators of both sides of Atlantic aim at, among others, protecting the investors whose confidence is of top priority to the markets, on the one hand, and reducing the systemic risk which would occur in a more and more globalised financial context, on the other. Indeed, after the global financial crisis of 2008, systemic risk has drawn more legislative attention. From the abovementioned objectives which the legislators would like to achieve, we try to find and analyze the particularity of the legislation concerned, both in France or in the European Union and in the USA, by way of comparison of legislative dispositions or legislative initiatives across the Atlantic, with the consideration about their respective legislative evolution. We also give our reflections on the insufficiencies or the deficiencies with regard to the legislative measures or efforts taken by the transatlantic legislators to realize those objectives. Facing the actual and unprecedented financial crisis, and thus a requirement of dynamic, appropriate, timely and refined legislative reaction, it seems to us that it is the time for legislators in France, in the EU and in the USA to deepen their knowledge about financial products of non-stop innovation, to better adapt their legislative strategies to the development of financial activities and financial entities, to reinforce their cooperation and coordination in depth and in width in the field of financial regulation and supervision, and finally, to better fulfill their pursuing goals
Kouontchou, Kepawou Patrick. "De l'information en haut fréquence : quatre essais empiriques sur les mesures de risques et l'évaluation des actifs financiers." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364023.
Full textGamrowski, Bertrand. "Modélisation des risques de marché des positions sur instruments financiers : contributions à l'approche pareto-stable." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0052.
Full textJandrzejewski, Bouriga Mathilde. "Estimation de matrices de covariance : application à la gestion de risques Marché et financiers d'EDF." Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090010.
Full textPiette, Pierrick. "Contributions de l’Apprentissage Statistique à l’Actuariat et la Gestion des Risques Financiers." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1328.
Full textThe continuous enhancement of computer performances during the last decades has favored a widespread application of statistical learning theory in multiple domains. Actuaries, long-standing statistical experts, notably turn more and more frequently to these new algorithms for the evaluation of risks they are facing. Thus, in this thesis, we examine how the integration of methods derived from statistical learning can contribute to the development of actuarial science and risk management through the study of three independent problematics, preliminarily presented in a general introduction. The first two chapters propose new mortality forecasting models within the longevity risk evaluation framework that insurance companies and pension funds encounter. Chapter 1 focuses on the singe population case, while Chapter 2 extends the study to the multi-population. In both situations, high-dimensionality appears to be a major concern. We tackle this issue thanks to a penalized vector autoregressive (VAR). This model is directly applied to the mortality improvement rates in the first chapter, and to the time series derived from Lee-Carter’s model fits in the second one. The elastic-net penalization preserves the large freedom in the spatio-temporal dependence structure offered by the VAR, while remaining sparse in terms of estimated parameters, thereby avoiding overfitting. In Chapter 3, we analyze lapse risk in life insurance policies through the use of supervised classification algorithms. We apply, among others, support vector machine (SVM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). In order to compare performances from one classifier to another, we adopt an economic point of view derived from the marketing literature and based on potential profits of a retention campaign. We insist on the importance of the loss function retained in the statistical learning algorithms according to the pursued objective: the use of a loss function linked to the performance measure leads to a significant enhancement in the application of the XGBoost in our study. In the last Chapter, in the financial risks’ management framework, we study agricultural commodity price dynamics throughout specific trading sessions where governmental reports, that contain valuable information for the agents, are released. We examine the potential of open data, in particular the satellite data on vegetation index made available thanks to the NASA, for market reactions forecast. We then suggest some improvements to be considered before an operational implementation of this forecasting method
Lajili, Jarjir Souad. "Modélisation quantitative des marchés financiers : quatre essais sur le modèle à trois facteurs dans le cas français." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090024.
Full textMany patterns in stock returns apparently are not explained by the Capital Asset Pricing Model. They are called anomalies. Size and Value effects are the most documented anomalies in financial literature. The aim of this research is to study these two effects on the French stock market. Many empirical studies on the three factor model of Fama and French (1993) are proposed. From July 1976 to June 2001, adding HML and SMB portfolios to the market portfolio helps in explaining time-series and cross-section portfolio returns. Another empirical study testing the proposition of Daniel and Titman (1997) is done. We investigate two other hypothesis explaining the limits of the CAPM. First, we test the hypothesis of adding the co-moments of order three and four to the three factor model. Second, the hypothesis of a mis-specification of the market portfolio, as documented by Ferguson and Shockley (2003), is tested. This specification of the model does not help to explain the totality of size and book to market effects. The true market portfolio does not substitute SMB and HML portfolios. Finally, the SMB and HML portfolios may incorporate economic information. The three factor model does a good job in explaining average portfolio returns in recession as long as in expansion
Abib, Sabrina. "Fonctions de gouvernement et enjeux éthiques des normes tirées de la référence aux marchés financiers." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H212/document.
Full textWe suggest in this thesis to examine the State’s modalities of action in terms of framing and control of the economic and financial sphere. This study leads us to study the concept of regulation through an epistemological, legal, economic and philosophical approach. De facto, the analysis of the functions of government proves to be essential insofar as we observe the evolution of the State’s regulatory praxis with regard to the economic doctrines and the legal and operational architecture of the institutions of regulation. The functions of securization of the economic sphere shed lights on the complex space between the regulator and the regulated entity. In this context, the study of ethical issues with the importance of the concept of contextualization in terms of the moralization of financial markets imply the confrontation of the regulatory praxis with key concepts as governmentality, categorization and performativity. Successively, guardian, regulator and strategist, the State is inserted, today in the digital age, in a fragmented and global world. Understanding the phenomenon of “co-regulation” and “inter-regulation” requires, first of all, putting into perspective the notion of responsibility and independence of actors and institutions. In this reflection, the apprehension of risk by public authorities underlines some limits both in risk models and in models of regulation
Capelle-Blancard, Gunther. "Les marchés à terme optionnels : organisation, efficience, évaluation des contrats et comportements des agents." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010069.
Full textKouontchou, Kepawou Patrick-Serge. "De l'information en haute fréquence : quatre essais empiriques sur les mesures de risques et l'évaluation des actifs financiers." Paris 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364023.
Full textTankov, Peter. "Contributions à l'étude de discrétisation des processus avec sauts, du risque de liquidité, et du risque de saut dans les marchés financiers." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712732.
Full textInfante, Acevedo José Arturo. "Méthodes et modèles numériques appliqués aux risques du marché et à l'évaluation financière." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937131.
Full textChebil, Mhiri Myriam. "Spreads obligataires souverains et transmission de la volatilité entre les marchés financiers de la zone euro." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100113/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on explaining the determinants of sovereign bond yield spreads in selected euro area countries during the financial crises of last decade. It examines the impact of those turmoil periods on sovereign bond market dynamics, and on its interactions with stock and CDS markets. GARCH-type models are used to identify determinants explaining spreads of each country, while panel data analyzed within fixed and random effects models, and run on crisis and non-crisis periods, identify whole sample determinants. To assess contagion effect, both MS- VAR and DCC-MVGARCH models are used. Results suggest that global risk and liquidity factors are the significant drivers of the spreads volatility. For the periphery countries in the euro zone, spreads are found to be more responsive to explanatory risk factors than those of the core countries. The role of these factors is also found stronger during the sub-prime and euro area crises. The analyses of the financial markets interactions within the euro area demonstrate the existence of a contagion effect, as well as a “flight to quality” phenomenon
Eyraud-Loisel, Anne. "EDSR et EDSPR avec grossissement de filtration, problèmes d'asymétrie d'information et de couverture sur les marchés financiers." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450944.
Full textAkiobé, Songolo Michèle Patricia. "La crise des subprimes : vers un meilleur encadrement des risques financiers et juridiques liés à la titrisation des créances." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35857.
Full textSecuritization of receivables is an operation that allows banks to finance themselves on the financial markets at a lower cost and without too much risk. To carry out the operation, the banks sell the loans they have granted to a structure which will then be responsible for placing them with investors. In addition, securitization also allows banks to manage the risks associated with loans. With the advent of this operation, banks are less concerned about the quality and financial capacity of borrowers. Once the loan is granted, they create portfolios of receivables that will be transferred later. Another form of securitization is to transfer only the risk associated with the loans without taking these loans out of the bank's balance sheet: It’s a synthetic securitization. These two forms of securitization, traiditional and synthetic, were used in the United States and contributed to the explosion of the housing bubble that led to a financial crisis in 2008: the subprime crisis. Securitization has, therefore, caused the risk-spreading movement that has followed on the financial markets. The subprimes are variable risk mortgage loans to low-income US households. The rate is low the first years but increases gradually. Securitizing this type of loan is to propagate the risk of non-repayment of borrowers to all the various stakeholders in the chain. And that's what happened: the rates were raised, and the borrowers were not able to ensure the payment of different monthly payments causing a blockage of the entire circuit. Things happened this way because in the markets at that time, the lure of gain prevailed over the respect of almost non existent rules. This thesis proposes solutions for financial market supervision and for securitization operations specifically. Between the law of the market, the rule of law and ethics, the recommendations made in this dissertation are complementary to the actions of the various regulators, national and international.
Souveton, Rémi. "Gestion de portefeuilles internationaux et instruments dérivés : quelques exemples de mesures du risque et de la performance." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX32048.
Full textThis dissertation provides some tools intend to improve valuation of risk and measurement of investment performance. The first two chapters discuss international markets and derivatives. The purpose of the chapter 3 is to develop some consequences of the assumption of no arbitrage opportunities on international markets. Especially, we derive a relationship between risk premium in two countries and the sole volatility of exchange rates. Then, we price cross currency option. Such an option provides an implied correlation coefficient between two currencies. In an empirical study we compare this coefficient with the historical coefficient. The chapter 4 deal with measure of performance using the statistical technique of bootstrap. This technique is attractive in order to resolve problems due to small sample that occur when we measure the performance of a portfolio during a krach, but also because, on every period, we observe only one path of returns and prices. This study includes an empirical part about the performance of a portfolio involving currencies and indices. In the last part, we evaluate the risk of default on future and forward contract and the impact of a margin call mechanism on the risk. For the two kind of contract some numerical simulations are run. The "option of default" is also priced when the future price is ruled by some circuit-breaker regulation
Xu, Xia. "Four Essays on Capital Markets and Asset Allocation." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2059/document.
Full textExtreme events have a material impact on return distributions and investment decisions. However, the role of event risks is understated in popular financial decision making approaches. This thesis includes event risks into investment decisions to improve global investment optimality. We examine event risks in two different but coherent financial settings: portfolio selection and corporate finance. In the portfolio selection setting, we focus on the incorporation of higher order information to capture the impact of event risks on portfolio construction. Higher order extensions are implemented on two main portfolio optimization methods: the classic framework of mean variance optimization and CAPM, and the stochastic dominance approach. We find that the inclusion of higher order information improves global portfolio optimality given the presence of event risks. As a special case, we combine the traditional applications of mean variance optimization and stochastic dominance analysis to examine the index efficiency of DJIA. We find that DJIA is efficient as a performance benchmark. In the corporate finance setting, we principally identified corporate name changes of M&As among the S&P 500 index, and examined how the name change events impact the return patterns for the acquirers and the targets. Conducting this corporate event study, we show that name changeevents substantially affect return dynamics, and that the abnormal return difference between name change events and non name change events is economically and statistically significant. Generally, our studies illustrate that the inclusion of event risks in decision processes brings important benefits to the asset allocation optimization
Compin, Frédéric. "L'inefficience de l'information financière et l'hypothèse de la régulation." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0135.
Full textThis thesis aims to show that when share price values are divorced from economic reality this inevitably leads to inefficient information. Financial information regulation must therefore be a sine qua non for ensuring the transparency of financial markets and this can only be achieved if the powers that be use regulatory legal instruments to restore meaning to distributed financial information. If the state of positive law allows ex post sanctioning of insider dealing, share price manipulations and false information distribution, it is seemingly powerless to counter copycat behaviour and rumour-spreading. This then clearly indicates a need to develop prudential regulation to anticipate and prevent the development and dissemination of information which does not reflect economic reality. The subprime crisis, reflecting the powerlessness of financial markets to provide effective information about the risks incurred, illustrates the need to find regulatory solutions for the strict control of securitization and rating agency action. Financial information, a modern 21st -century challenge, must therefore become a public good for economists and a res communis for lawyers so as to serve the general interest. Respecting this requirement is the basis for building general principles of equality of treatment among investors and fairness of access to financial information
Useche, Diego. "Les droits de la propriété Intellectuelle et les marchés financiers dans la stratégie des firmes du logiciel en Europe et aux Etats-Unis." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0048/document.
Full textThe success of the US innovation model to help start-ups emerge as global leaders has greatly influenced many regulatory changes on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and the external finance of firms in Europe. This study aims to analyze the role and importance of these changes in the organization and performance of software firms. We show that multiple regulatory mutations of IPR have paved the way for some kind of “restricted” patentability of software in Europe. In parallel, via changes in financial markets, they play an increasing role in the growth and development of young innovative companies. In addition, it seems that the strategic use of patents is complementary with software firms’ access to capital markets. We study this complementarity by analyzing the value of patents as signals for IPO markets and their impact in the likelihood of survival of newly-listed companies. We argue that this complementarity may explain the increased importance of patents in a sector where patents are highly controversial. It refers to a particular market selection process and the appearance of winning and losing actors
Boukrami, Othmane. "Les effets de la diversification sur le risque de change non couvert par les marchés financiers : estimation de la rentabilité du portefeuille dans un système d'informatio optimal." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30024.
Full textIn current market conditions, companies in emerging markets have the choice between a short-term debt in local currency and a long-term hard currency financing from international sources to finance their long-term investments. This practice would create either an interest rate gap or a currency gap. As an extent of previous researches and studies covering the question of currency risks diversification in mature financial markets, this thesis is quite distinctive from the existing literature as it focuses on emerging market currencies for which there are little or no hedging options of currency and interest rate risks. The proposed model is based on a fundamentally different approach from existing risk models, seeking to mitigate risks internally through portfolio diversification, rather than by matching supply and demand. This, by analyzing both correlations between emerging market currencies in a portfolio composed of African, Asian, South American and Eastern Europe currencies and the effect of diversification on market risk reduction. The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the specification and the identification of a risk diversification model while demonstrating that the establishment of a diversified portfolio of emerging market currencies not covered by the commercial banks is a lucrative business over the long-term. With an efficient information system, the proposed model attempts to demonstrate the effect that such hedging products would have on reducing the credit risk of borrowers and hence the lenders. To achieve this aim, the different risks associated with these activities have been identified while choosing the methods for their effective management as well as the modeling of hypothetical exposures created by this activity. The impact of reducing market risk exposure through the usage of interest rate and currency hedging products on the credit risk rating of companies in emerging countries has also been modeled. The current research claims that the choice of currencies does not significantly impact the results as long as the proposed regional limits are respected. The simulation’ results show that managing a diversified currency portfolio under an optimal risk management guidelines can be a lucrative business for banks as the risk mitigation can be effectively done through portfolio diversification
Hooper, Emma. "Essays on international finance and sustainable growth in natural resource rich countries." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2027/document.
Full textThe relationship between sustainable growth and international financial market access in natural resource rich countries has been overlooked in the economic literature. However, those issues have become more present in the public debate with the recent drop in oil prices. This thesis tries to better understand how natural resource dependent economies can deal with their external debt and how financial markets view this sovereign risk. To address those issues, this dissertation refers to dynamic optimization, as well as econometric studies. It contributes to the natural resource literature by including new dimensions, such as financial openness in a growth model with exhaustible resources, contrary to most growth models which are studied as closed economies. Concerning its empirical applications, this thesis takes into account natural resource stocks, through oil and gas reserves, whereas most of the empirical literature focuses on the natural resource price dimension. This price issue is also part of the analysis, especially with oil price returns and oil price volatility. The main results are that long-term sustainability is not feasible with a constant interest rate, but the consumption growth rate can be positive in the case of a debt elastic interest rate, before declining in the long-term. It is also shown that oil and gas reserves have a significant impact on sovereign spreads. Moreover, oil price returns are significant determinants of Venezuela's Credit Default Swaps (CDS), contrary to the case of Russia, where oil prices seem to impact CDS spreads through the exchange rate canal
Ma, Lin. "Structures et aléa en finance, une approche par la complexité algorithmique de l’information." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12018/document.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation examines different notions of financial randomness and regularity. We show that main financial theories (i.e. market efficiency, behavioral finance and the so-called ``conventionalist approach'') support the impossibility of outperforming the ``buy and hold'' strategy. This point is confirmed by statistical works since regularities identified in financial time series do not help to predict the direction of future returns. To the best of our knowledge, available econometric models often provide too low ``hit scores'' (< 60%) to become successful trading rules. A conceptuel contribution of this work lies in the introduction of algorithmic complexity to finance. A general approach is proposed to estimate the ``Kolmogorov complexity'' of financial returns: lossless compression tools are used to detect regular patterns which could be overlooked by statistical tests. By studying tick-by-tick data from major stock markets, we find a higher complexity for the Euronext-Paris data than for the NYSE and the NASDAQ ones. This result can be explained by their intraday volatility autocorrelations. Supported both by financial theories and by empirical observations, impossibility to outperform the ``buy and hold'' strategy is linked to the common expression ``to outperform the market'' by a new definition for ``unbeatable strings''. With computable functions modeling effective trading rules, a price sequence is said to be ``unbeatable'' if no effective trading rule can generate indefinitely more profits than the ``buy and hold'' alternative
Sfez, Flora. "Le marché des euro-obligations de 1963 à 2008 : une organisation au risque de la bureaucratie." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923001.
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