Academic literature on the topic 'Risques et aléas sismiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Risques et aléas sismiques"
Malavoi, Jean-René. "Sédiments et barrages hydroélectriques : Aléas, enjeux et risques associés." La Houille Blanche, no. 6 (December 2017): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2017054.
Full textMorhange, Christophe, Nick Marriner, François Sabatier, and Claude Vella. "Aléas et risques naturels littoraux, le retour du catastrophisme ?" Méditerranée, no. 108 (January 1, 2007): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mediterranee.147.
Full textGougeon, Patrick. "Assurance et diversification." L'Actualité économique 63, no. 2-3 (January 27, 2009): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/601417ar.
Full textLabbé, Pierre, and Emmanuel Viallet. "Le risque sismique et les installations nucléaires." Revue Générale Nucléaire, no. 2 (March 2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rgn/20182044.
Full textThouret, Jean-Claude. "Aléas et risques volcaniques : mieux comprendre pour prévoir et mieux gérer pour durer." Annales de Géographie 111, no. 627 (2002): 503–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/geo.2002.21622.
Full textGendron-Blais, Hubert. "S’exposer aux aléas. Essai sur les risques du rapport esthétique et politique." Cahiers d'histoire 33, no. 1 (April 8, 2015): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1029363ar.
Full textRaffy, Jeannine. "Hervé Philip, Jean-Claude Bousquet, Frédéric Masson, Séismes et risques sismiques. Approche sismotectonique." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2008): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.6353.
Full textGasc-Barbier, Muriel, Véronique Merrien-Soukatchoff, and Claudia Villarraga-Diaz. "Effet de cycles thermiques sur un massif rocheux : observations et mesures au laboratoire et in situ." Revue Française de Géotechnique, no. 163 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2020013.
Full textMichel-Guillou, É., P. A. Lalanne, and N. Krien. "Hommes et aléas : appréhension des risques côtiers par des usagers et des gestionnaires de communes littorales." Pratiques Psychologiques 21, no. 1 (March 2015): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prps.2014.12.001.
Full textMOSNIER, C., J. AGABRIEL, P. VEYSSET, D. BEBIN, and M. LHERM. "Évolution et sensibilité aux aléas des résultats technico-économiques des exploitations de bovins allaitants selon les profils de production." INRAE Productions Animales 23, no. 1 (February 9, 2010): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2010.23.1.3290.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Risques et aléas sismiques"
Solaymani, Azad Shahryar. "Evaluation de l'aléa sismique pour les villes de Téhéran, Tabriz et Zandjan dans le NW de l'Iran : approche morphotectonique et paléosismologique." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20041.
Full textThe Mosha fault is one of the major active faults in the southern Central Alborz between Longitudes E 50° 45' and E 52° 30'. This 190 kilometres long, N110°E trending fault is described as the source of several strong historical earthquakes, and is characterized by an outstanding morphological signature. Situated for its closest part, just 12 km at the north-eastern vicinity of the Tehran capital (15 million peoples with suburbs areas), the Mosha fault represents a potential source for strong earthquake that would certainly damage the Iranian metropolis. In order to better assess the seismic hazard associated to the Mosha fault, we carried out a morphotectonics and paleoseismological study, that we focused on the eastern and central parts of the fault (between Tar valley in the east and Lavasanat region in the west), where are observed clear evidences of a recent activity. The northwest of Iran is characterized by high level of historical seismicity and population density. To better evaluate the seismic hazard in NW Iran, we focused our studies on two regions (Tabriz and Zandjan). In the Tabriz region, twelve destructive historical earthquakes have been recorded since 858 AD. , most of them were associated to the North Tabriz strike slip Fault. On the SE segment of the fault (west of Bostanabad) the last macroseismic event occurred in 1721 AD and hit strongly the Tabriz city (present population more than 1200000). Along this segment, we observed in the morphology many evidences of nearly pure right lateral strike slip movements and we dug four trenches. The first results show that since 33. 5 K years this place experienced at least four major (M=7. 2-7. 4) seismic events including the last one in 1721. According to interseismic measurements (Masson et al. , 2006; Vernant et al. , 2006), long-term slip rate of the North Tabriz Fault could reach 5-6 mm/y. On the other hand, paleoseismological studies (Hessami et al. , 2003 and the present study) show an important difference concerning fault seismic behaviour between NW and SE segments. Based on the results of mentioned studies; the amount of large seismic events along NW segment of the fault is significantly greater than along the SE segment. This observation could indicate that fault slip rate along the Tabriz fault decreases from NW to SE. According to historical seismicity catalogues, the Zandjan region can be considered as a seismic gap even if a few low (M<5. 5) magnitude earthquakes have been recorded in the last century. Based on Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), satellite images and aerial photo interpretations together with detailed field investigations, we have discovered a major active fault network. It is mainly constituted by several thrust faults with right lateral slip components trending NW-SE to N-S and it can be divided into three major fault zones affecting Zandjan city (present day population over 510000) and part of the Zandjan-Mianeh basin more to the west. Based on fault geometrical characteristics (fault length,. . . ) and kinematics, Zandjan fault system can produce moderate to large earthquakes and serious damages in surrounding areas. The study of these faults is, then, of major interest for seismic hazard assessment in Zandjan province where total population exceed 1. 5 million but also to better understand present day geodynamic of NW Iran
St, Fleur Sadrac. "Estimation des mouvements sismiques à Port-au-Prince (Haïti) : mesures des amplifications locales et simulations numériques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4099/document.
Full textIn order to help estimating the seismic ground motion expected in the Port-au-Prince area (Haiti), we characterize local site effects, pointing out the seismic waves trapped in the loose layer of Cul-de-Sac basin, and provide realistic synthetic accelerograms for an hypothetical future earthquake.To this end, we propose to analyze signals from 78 earthquakes that occurred between March 2010and February 2013, by applying two methods of spectral ratios : The H/V earthquake method and the classical spectral ratio (SSR). A strong spatial variability was observed in the measured amplifications, which is quite consistent with the heterogeneous surface geology of the area. We notice in particular strong amplification on marine sediments close to the coast. In the foothills of the Massif de la Selle the reflection of the seismic waves lead to the concentration of the wave fields that strongly amplify seismic ground motion at the top of the hills. In addition, an increase of the signal duration due to the presence of surface waves was also highlighted on some stations of the plain. For the generation of synthetic accelerograms, we first use Empirical Green functions (EGF) method. The results show that the strongest acceleration is expected in Quaternary sediments near the coast and on the ridge of south hills of Port-au-Prince. Then, a hybrid simulation method combining complex transfer functions (amplitude and phase) and the EGF simulation on bedrock was set up and validated from testing on instrumented sites in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince
Haghshenas, Ebrahim. "Conditions géotechniques et aléa sismique local à Téhéran." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10099.
Full textA seismological campaign including installation of 13 temporary seismological stations on the different representative geotechnical sites was conductel from February to June 2002 in Tehran (Iran). Ln addition the ambient noise was recorded in more than 60 point of the city. The principal part of this thesis is consisted of analysis oh data recorded during this campaign in relation with the geotechnical conditions by various experimental techniques to estimate the site effect on amplification and prolongation of seismic movements. The results put in evidence an important site effect as weil as in amplitude as duration of sei smic movements on the majority of the studied sites, contrasting with the moderate values (factor 2 to 3) predicted in the preceding studies by 1 D the approach. Moreover, the thesis also comprises a systematic comparison of the information deduced from the ambient noise and those deduced from the recording earthquakes, adding of the other data coming from more than 150 European sites. This comparison shows the capacity of HN method in approximately 80% of the cases, there are however the failures, especially in the case of Teheran where HN curves remain flat for the majority of the sites. The last part of the present work concerned with the simulation of the strong ground motions with the method ofempirical Green function. Four different scenarios, concerning the occurrence ofstrong earthquakes on the faults of Mosha, North-Alborz and Garrnsar were simulated. The resulted maximum accelerations are rather significant and of the simulated response spectra exceed sometimes the proposed response spectrum of the actually Iranian Building Code
Brax, Marleine. "Aléa et microzonage sismiques à Beyrouth." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU050.
Full textLebanon is one of the countries that have not suffered from large destructive earthquakes foralmost two centuries. It is however lying on the 1000 km long, left lateral Levant fault thatseparates the Arabic plate in the east from the African plate in the west. Its main branches inLebanon are the Yammouneh fault that crosses the country from south to north, the Serghayaand Rachaya faults in its Eastern part, the Roum and Mount Lebanon Thrust faults in itsWestern part. These faults have generated destructive earthquakes in the long known historyof the area. The largest events are: The July 551 earthquake on the Mount Lebanon Thrustfault, the May 1202 earthquake on the Yammouneh fault, the October 1759 on the Rachayafault and the November 1759 on the Serghaya fault. From all above, one can conclude thatLebanon is exposed to a significant seismic hazard. Assessing the local seismic hazard andrisk is therefore of primary importance for the whole country.The objective of the work undergone in this PhD is to take advantage of the latest advancesachieved worldwide to promote rather inexpensive, though reliable, seismic hazardassessment tools, to try to apply them in Lebanon starting with the big cities and specificallythe capital Beirut. These studies will help to understand the Lebanese seismic risk andsubsequently to start to elaborate seismic policies and codes that may help reducing this risk.A temporary seismological network consisting of 10 stations has been installed in Beirut anda part of its suburbs. Several tens of local and regional earthquakes could be recorded, andallowed to estimate the site response at selected sites in Beirut through the standard site toreference spectral ratio method ("SSR") on earthquakes, compared to the horizontal tovertical ratio ("H/V") calculated on earthquakes and on ambient noise. The same recordingscould also be used via the empirical Green Function’s technique ("EGF") to predict theseismic ground motion corresponding to a Mw7.5 on the Yammouneh fault. However, due tolimitations in near-field applications of the EGF technique, this prediction exercise wasperformed in two steps and with two complementary techniques: a weak event recording wasfirst used to simulate a Mw6.5 earthquake on the Yammouneh fault, while several, carefullyselected ground motion prediction equations (GMPE) were used to perform a comparativeprediction for the same earthquake. This EGF/GMPE comparison then allowed tuning theGMPE prediction of ground motion at various sites within Beirut for the target Mw7.5 event.The results were then extended in view of proposing a framework for a future microzonationviimap. A comprehensive campaign of ambient noise measurements was achieved for 615 sitesof Beirut municipality and close suburbs, the H/V processing of which allowed to derive arobust map of resonance frequency for the whole area. In addition, active and passive seismicmeasurements were conducted on different geological units near the 10 formerlyinstrumented sites, which provided quantitative estimates of the shallow S-wave velocitythrough the Rayleigh wave dispersion curves. These geophysical measurements permitted toprovide direct estimates of the shear waves velocity, which prove much more reliable thanthe highly scattered estimates derived from the compilation of the availablegeological/geotechnical parameters and the use of existing correlations equations betweenSPT N-value and S-wave velocity Vs
Helms, John A. "Aléa sismique naturel et sismicité induite du projet géothermique européen RCS (Roche Chaude Sèche) de Soultz-sous-Forêts (Bas-Rin, France)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13145.
Full textBottelin, Pierre. "Caractérisation des phases pré-et post-rupture d'éboulements rocheux de taille intermédiaire : apport des enregistrements sismiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU015/document.
Full textMid-size rockfalls (103-105 m3) represent a substantial hazard in mountainous areas, because of relative high rate of occurrence and destructive power. Consequently, few protection means can be applied, emphasizing the need for monitoring techniques and early warning prior to the collapse. After the rupture, quantitative information on the rockfall propagation phase is scarce, owing to their suddenness and location in steep and rugged slopes. In this thesis work, an experimental approach is proposed to derive valuable information from seismic records during rockfall pre-rupture and post-rupture phases. The first part of this work aims at testing the applicability of the ambient vibration technique to monitor unstable rock compartments dynamic response in the pre-rupture phase. This technique (commonly employed in civil engineering for structural health monitoring) reveals the resonant frequencies of a structure, a decrease in frequency revealing potential damage. A previous case study of an unstable limestone compartment brought to light a #30% decrease in fundamental resonant frequency (f1) two weeks before the collapse. Following this innovative work, we selected and instrumented four prone-to-fall medium-size rock compartments located in the Occidental Alps, showing various geological contexts (limestones, argillite and shale-sandstone series), deformation patterns and failure mechnisms. Ambient vibrations recorded on-site revealed caracteristic seismic noise features. Spectral peaks were observed and attributed to resonant frequencies of the rock compartments, the fundamental resonant frequency (f1) showing clear polarization parallel to the line of maximum slope gradient, and perpendicular to the main bounding fracture observed at most of the sites. Similar findings were made for an unstable rock compartment located in a volcanic caldera, characterized by rapid morphological changes and intense rockfall activity. The dynamic response of the rear fracture network was explored, showing that spectral content of seismic noise is controlled by the caldera structure in the 0.5-5 Hz range. The direction of vibration is polarized perpendicularly to the fractures, while vibration amplitudes are linked to compartment uncoupling from the rock massif. In this case, the physical origin of seismic noise amplification may be due to complex 2D or 3D resonance effects. For the four alpine sites, the fundamental frequency f1 was monitored over more than one year, showing fluctuations clearly correlated with temperature oscillations. The thermal control over f1 is highly complex, showing both positive and negative correlations, depending on site morphology and destructuration, as well as on the studied oscillations periods (daily or seasonal). No change in fundamental frequency resulting from damage was observed over this time span. One site, characterized by intense rock fracturing and a deep-open rear fracture, showed high f1 sensitivity to temperature changes. Thermo-mechanical numerical simulations revealed that both material contraction-dilation and thermal dependancy of the elastic modulus control f1 fluctuations. In addition, high amplitude seasonal f1 oscillations were explained by ice formation in the rear fracture. A criterion was developped to separate thermal-induced f1 fluctuations from damage effects, under the hypothesis that thermal sensitivity of a rock compartment increases towards failure. The second part of this work relates to the post-rupture phase of rockfalls. The seismic records generated by two mid-size rockfalls {one natural, one provoked{ that occured in the same place were analyzed, showing complex enveloppe and spectrogram features. Both events showed close magnitude, duration and spectral content. The seismic signals of the provoked event were calibrated using video shots, allowing estimation of fallen material velocity during the successive propagation phases
Mathey, Marguerite. "Quantification haute résolution du champ de déformation 3D des Alpes occidentales : interprétations tectoniques et apports à l’aléa sismique Seismogenic potential of the High Durance Fault constrained by 20 yr of GNSS measurements in the Western European Alps." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU033.
Full textThe Alpine range is one of the first monitored mountain belts worldwide, both by seismic networks and space geodesy (GNSS), in particular due to its moderate but steady seismicity. Permanent GNSS measurements demonstrated that uplift is the main signal characterizing the current deformation in the European western Alps, reaching up to 2 mm/yr, while no shortening is observed across the belt. Based on the incredible amount of geodetic and seismic data available today, it now appears possible to constrain a new high resolution crustal strain field in the western Alps. This 3D field, made of surface deformation measurements and of the seismic deformation characteristics, is of primary importance in order to decipher the links between horizontal, vertical and seismic deformations. We rely for the present work on a multidisciplinary approach that aims at integrating 25 years long seismic records, 20 years of GPS measurements, and 4 years of Sentinel-1 satellite acquisitions, in order to establish the corresponding 3D strain rate field.For the first time in the western Alps, the spatial variability of the style of seismic deformation is robustly assessed, thanks to the analysis of the Sismalp (ISTerre Grenoble) database. New focal mechanisms computation along with principal stresses inversions have led to establish new orientations for the extensive deformation component, which occurs mainly in the center of the belt. As for the highly resolved 3D field of style of deformation, provided by Bayesian interpolations of focal mechanisms both at the surface and at depth, it reveals a vast majority of dextral strike-slip deformation occurring at the periphery of the belt, associated, in one specific area, with compression. These results bring new insights in the dynamics of the western alpine belt.Four GPS surveys (conducted in 1996, 2006, 2011 and 2016), along with the data provided by the permanent RENAG network, allowed us to increase the spatial resolution of the surface velocity and strain rate fields at the scale of the western Alps. These high resolution geodetic fields reveal that the amplitude of the extensive signal is at the highest in the Briançonnais area, while its kinematics appear consistent with interseismic deformation accommodated on at least one fault (the High Durance Fault). Longer-term seismic records show that, at least at the local scale, seismic and geodetic deformation patterns seem consistent within their uncertainty bounds in terms of kinematics and amplitude. At the regional scale of the entire western Alps though, geodetic strain rates appear one order of magnitude higher than the seismic ones, the latter comprising both instrumental and historical seismicity.Finally, four years of Sentinel-1 acquisitions appear to be the minimum time span required in order to derive long-term velocity maps in the satellite line of sight at the scale of the western Alps. The interferometric processing of the corresponding data allowed for the first time to get rid of the effects of snow and vegetation in a consistent way. The results feature short scale spatial variations in the uplift pattern, which are spatially correlated to crystalline external Alpine massifs as well as to the uplift patterns predicted by several isostatic adjustment models.This multidisciplinary work enabled us to increase the spatial resolution both of horizontal and vertical surface deformations and of seismic crustal deformation. The related 3D strain rate field sheds new lights on the various processes from which seismicity and deformation can originate. This 3D strain rate field moreover brings new constraints on several primary inputs to seismic hazard assessment models
Sansorny-Kohrs, Carine. "Modélisation de la source sismique et sommation de petits séismes pour l'évaluation des mouvements forts : application à une meilleure estimation de l'aléa sismique dans le sud-est de la France." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653557.
Full textOksuz, Hilal. "Comparaison des estimations d'aléa sismique probabiliste avec les observations (accélérations et intensités)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU010/document.
Full textPSHA calculations rely on several models and assumptions in its components, such as the characterization of seismic sources, the establishment of recurrence laws in magnitude, and the choice of ground-motion prediction equations. The final output of a PSHA study is the hazard curve that gives annual rates of exceedances of different acceleration levels. All steps of the PSHA calculation bear uncertainties. Understanding the impact of these uncertainties on the final output of the PSHA is not straightforward. Until recently, little attention has been paid to testing the final output of PSHA models against observations. Acceleration datasets and intensity databases, partially independent from the PSHA calculations, can be used, as proposed in a handful of recent papers (Stirling & Gerstenberger 2006, Stirling & Gestenberger 2010, Albarello & D'Amico 2008). This study is aimed at testing PSH models in France (MEDD2002, AFPS2006 and SIGMA2012) and also in Turkey (SHARE), developing a quantitative method for comparing predicted and observed number of sites with exceedance over the lifetime of the network. This method builds on the studies of Stirling & Gerstenberger (2010) and Albarello & D'Amico (2008). All sites are sampled, observation time windows are stacked, and the PSHA is evaluated over a large geographical area at once. The objective is to understand the possibilities and limits of this approach, as observation time windows are short with respect to the return periods of interest in earthquake engineering. Results show that the AFPS2006 PSH model is consistent with the observations of the RAP accelerometric network over the acceleration range 40-100 cm/s2 (or 50-200 years of return periods). The MEDD2002 PSH model over-predicts the observed hazard for the return period of 100 years. For longer return periods (475 and 975 years), the test is not conclusive due to the lack of observations for large accelerations. No conclusion can be drawn for acceleration levels of interest in earthquake engineering. The proposed method is applied to Turkey. The PSH model can be tested using longer observation periods and higher accelerations levels than in France. The PSH model is tested for different selections of accelerometric sites, minimum inter-site distance and total observation period. For accelerations between 0.1 and 0.4g, the model is consistent with the observations for all tests. At lower acceleration levels, the agreement between the model and the observations varies depending on the decisions taken. Finally, the PSHA models in France are evaluated using the macroseismic intensity database (SISFrance). Completeness time windows are estimated from statistics on the intensity data (I≥5, MSK). Twenty-five sites are selected, with completeness time periods for I≥5 extending between 66 and 207 years, located in the highest active zones in France. At 100 years return period, MEDD2002 models predicts more sites with exceedances than the observed number of sites. At return periods higher than or equal to 475 years, both models AFPS2006 cannot be discriminated as both are consistent with observations. Considering the uncertainties on the selection of sites, on the determination of completeness time periods, and on the equation selected for converting intensities into accelerations, the results based on macroseismic intensities should be considered very carefully
Quenet, Grégory. "Les tremblements de terre aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : la naissance d'un risque /." Seyssel : Champ Vallon, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399722281.
Full textBooks on the topic "Risques et aléas sismiques"
Henia, Latifa. Contribution à l'étude des aléas et risques climatiques en Tunisie. Tunis: Universté de Tunis, Faculté des Sciences Humaines et Sociales, 2015.
Find full textF, Ferrigni, and Helly Bruno, eds. Protection du patrimoine ba ti dans les zones a risques sismiques: Analyses et interventions : Ravello, Centre Universitaire Europe en pour les Biens Culturels, 7-18 de cembre 1987. Rixensart: PACT Belgium, 1990.
Find full textJean-Claude, Bonnin, Hackens Tony 1939-, Helly Bruno, Centro di formazione e studi per il Mezzogiorno., and Centro universitairo europeo per i beni culturali di Ravello., eds. La Protezione e conservazione del patrimonio culturale nelle zone a rischio sismico: Atti del corso europeo di formzione = Protection and conservation of cultural heritage in regions of sismic risks = Protection et conservation du patrimoine culturel dans les zones à risques sismiques. [Strasbourg]: Council of Europe, 1987.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Risques et aléas sismiques"
Dechy, N., N. Lot, S. Thellier, J.-M. Rousseau, and F. Jeffroy. "Gestion des aléas lors des activités de maintenance : maîtriser les risques malgré l’incertitude." In Congrès Lambda Mu 19 de Maîtrise des Risques et Sûreté de Fonctionnement, Dijon, 21-23 Octobre 2014. IMdR, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/56227.
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