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Academic literature on the topic 'Risques sismiques – Essais – Simulation par ordinateur'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Risques sismiques – Essais – Simulation par ordinateur"
Pham, Khac Hoan. "Vulnérabilité et spectres de plancher des structures sismiquement isolées." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00530149.
Full textSabourault, Philippe. "Du microzonage à la prédiction de mouvements forts : confrontation de mesures de terrain, de simulations numériques et de modélisations sur modèles réduits centrifugés." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MARN0075.
Full textMouhoute, Soufiane. "Étude dynamique 1D et 2D du comportement d'un barrage en enrochement sous sollicitations sismiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33513.
Full textRockfill dams are one of the most important structures in civil engineering. These are critical structures whose performance requirements are very high. In addition, the seismic standards for these structures have changed rapidly over the last few years (Hydro-Québec, 2003; Gouv.-du- Québec, 2002; Canadian Dam Association (CDA)) and currently are very sever. These analyzes are very important since they can define the behavior of structure when earthquakes happen, and consequently, evaluate its safety. However, these methods are complex and their application on existing dams is always a delicate exercise. Eastern Canada is characterized by an active but moderate seismicity. The earthquakes in Eastern Canada have a higher frequency content than the Western United States. Though, only a few studies have been made with signals from Eastern Canada. This thesis presents the results of the dynamic 1D and 2D behavior of a rockfill dam under seismic loading. The study takes into consideration the Denis-Perron dam activity, a rockfill dam of 171 meters height with a till core, which was finished constructing in 1998. This structure closes the Ste-Marguerite River on a narrow valley north of Sept-Îles. Recordings of accelerations at the top and at the base of the dam for three seismic events were used in different simulations. The 1D analyzes were conducted in the frequency domain with ProShake software. The 2D analyzes were conducted in the time domain with QUAD4M software, which adopts the linear behavior of soils, and FLAC, which takes into account the nonlinearity of soil behavior. For both analyses, the results were carried out in spectral and temporal domains. These results demonstrated that the 1D study on ProShake, with a correction of predominant period according to the shape of the valley, is necessary for preliminary dynamic studies of a dam. However, in depth studies, FLAC may be essential for seismic risk assessment of these structures
St, Fleur Sadrac. "Estimation des mouvements sismiques à Port-au-Prince (Haïti) : mesures des amplifications locales et simulations numériques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4099/document.
Full textIn order to help estimating the seismic ground motion expected in the Port-au-Prince area (Haiti), we characterize local site effects, pointing out the seismic waves trapped in the loose layer of Cul-de-Sac basin, and provide realistic synthetic accelerograms for an hypothetical future earthquake.To this end, we propose to analyze signals from 78 earthquakes that occurred between March 2010and February 2013, by applying two methods of spectral ratios : The H/V earthquake method and the classical spectral ratio (SSR). A strong spatial variability was observed in the measured amplifications, which is quite consistent with the heterogeneous surface geology of the area. We notice in particular strong amplification on marine sediments close to the coast. In the foothills of the Massif de la Selle the reflection of the seismic waves lead to the concentration of the wave fields that strongly amplify seismic ground motion at the top of the hills. In addition, an increase of the signal duration due to the presence of surface waves was also highlighted on some stations of the plain. For the generation of synthetic accelerograms, we first use Empirical Green functions (EGF) method. The results show that the strongest acceleration is expected in Quaternary sediments near the coast and on the ridge of south hills of Port-au-Prince. Then, a hybrid simulation method combining complex transfer functions (amplitude and phase) and the EGF simulation on bedrock was set up and validated from testing on instrumented sites in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince
Pico, Laurence. "Géographie et assurance : le risque sismique dans les espaces urbains mal documentés : le cas de Beyrouth." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040167.
Full textBeirut’s highly vulnerable urban fabric is threatened by a big earthquake. Faced with such a situation, insurers need to assess precisely the vulnerability of insured properties. A loss estimation model evaluates insured properties damage, which is an indicator of analytical and synthetical vulnerabilities of the city. The most original feature of our model that is adapted to the specifics of the Beirut’s context is to use the spectral acceleration converted into intensity. For that purpose, a computer program for earthquake response analysis of horizontally layered sites is utilized. One preliminary step to conduct this analysis was the gathering of geotechnical and building data. Results of our loss model show that some highly vulnerable buildings are almost uninsurable. Damage risk maps are intended to be a useful resource to fix the building that need seismic rehabilitation in priority as reducing vulnerability is required to rationalize the insurance risk management
Touhami, Sara. "Numerical modeling of seismic field and soil interaction : application to the sedimentary basin of Argostoli (Greece)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC007.
Full textA prediction of the seismic response of civil engineering structures that requires a high level of safety (i.e. nuclear power plants or dams) faces several major difficulties given the complexity of the problem being treated. To this end, the source simulation, seismic wave propagation and site effects have been studied by different approaches over the last two decades. Recently, numerical methods, such as the spectral element, combined with massively parallel computers have proved a good efficiency in modelling the seismic wave propagation from source to site in complex three-dimensional geological environments. However, the accuracy of these predictions remains limited due to the multi-scale nature of the problem and the large uncertainties in the data to be introduced into the model (i.e. the geometric and kinematic characterization of the seismic source, the detailed geological and numerical model of the source-to-site propagation path). Therefore, the use of a regional numerical model able to simulate the seismic phenomenon from source to site would allow a better analysis and classification of the origin of the associated uncertainties.This work aims to study numerically the effect of local and regional geology on the seismic response of a basin and precisely the Argostoli site located on the island of Kefalonia (Greece). Firstly, the numerical code used in this work (SEM3D) is verified using three canonical cases. The simulated results showed a good agreement with the reference solutions. In the cases of a numerical model with different scales or with complex geologies, one of the important difficulties is the conformity of the numerical meshes with the geological interfaces, that will result an increase in the numerical cost. Because of the characteristics of the used numerical method, one possible approach was to use the “non-conforming” or “not-honoring” meshes to overcome this difficulty. A parametric study on the applicability of this approach was then carried out in order to highlight the influence of some numerical parameters on the obtained results.Thereafter, parametric studies on several seismic scenarios in the Argostoli site were conducted. Concerning seismic loading, two types of source have been studied: point sources and extended faults. The study with point sources clearly revealed a phenomenon of amplification and trapping of waves in the basin, leading to a complex and elongated signal, with significant energy compared to a study with a simplified geology. For the second type of source, the modeled fault is close to the surface. It allows to study, in addition to the influence of the basin, the effect of the near-field on the seismic response of the site. Indeed, near-fault ground motion can be significantly different from ground motion observed far from the seismic source. Based on the results obtained, the basin effect is even more pronounced but with higher amplification and different resonance frequencies. In addition, the near-field effect has been highlighted, marked by strong velocity pulses at some locations in the basin. The order of magnitude of the obtained response spectra is comparable to the ones obtained during the earthquake sequence of similar magnitude that took place in 2014.In the last part, a parametric study (allowed by the development of computing power) on the numerical aspects related to the computational accuracy was carried out. With this study, it is possible to increase the frequency resolution from 7 Hz to 10 Hz with soft soil mechanical characteristics while keeping the same domain size. These simulations open even more questions on the interdependence of the fineness of resolution of physical data and meshes for numerical simulations. In conclusion, this thesis corresponds to a first step in the numerical characterization of the seismic response of the Argostoli basin and the effects due to the basin, the type of source and their interactions
Gatti, Filippo. "Analyse physics-based de scénarios sismiques «de la faille au site» : prédiction de mouvement sismique fort pour l’étude de vulnérabilité sismique de structures critiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC051/document.
Full textThe ambition of this work is the prediction of a synthetic yet realistic broad-band incident wave-field, induced by strong ground motion earthquakes at sites of strategic importance, such as nuclear power plants. To this end, an multi-tool platform is developed and exploited to simulate the different aspects of the complex and multi-scale phenomenon an earthquake embodies. This multi-scale computational framework copes with the manifold nature of an earthquake by a holistic local-to-regional approach. A complex case study is chosen to this end: is the MW6.6 Niigata-Ken Ch¯uetsu-Oki earthquake, which damaged the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant. The observed non-linear site-effects are at first investigated and characterized. In the following, the 3D source-to-site model is constructed and employed to provide reliable input ground motion, for a frequency band of 0-7 Hz. The effect of the folded geological structure underneath the site is quantified by simulating two aftershocks of moderate intensity and by estimating the spatial variability of the response spectra at different locations within the nuclear site. The numerical outcome stresses the need for a more detailed description of the incident wave-field used as input parameter in the antiseismic structural design of nuclear reactors and facilities. Finally, the frequency band of the time-histories obtained as outcome of the numerical simulations is enlarged by exploiting the stochastic prediction of short-period response ordinates provided by Artificial Neural Networks
Dang, Cong-Thuat. "Méthodes de construction des courbes de fragilité sismique par simulations numériques." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023973.
Full textFernández, Lorenzo Guillermo Wenceslao. "Des données accélérométriques au comportement dynamique des bâtiments existants." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4071/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to simulate the time history response of a high rise building under seismic excitation and provide simplified methodologies that properly reproduce such response. Firstly, a detailed three-dimensional finite element model is produced to validate its reliability to simulate the real behavior of the building during ground motions, recorded using accelerometers. It is proposed to improve the accuracy of the numerical model by imposing multiple excitations, considering rocking effect and spatial variability on the input motion. The use of empirical Green's functions is proposed to simulate the seismic response directly from past event records, without the need of construction drawings and mechanical parameters calibration. A stochastic summation scheme, already used to predict ground motions, is adopted to generate synthetic signals at different heights of the building, extending the wave propagation path from the ground to the structure. A simplified representation of the building as a homogeneous Timoshenko beam is proposed to simulate the seismic response directly from ambient vibration records. Equivalent mechanical parameters are identified using deconvolution interferometry in terms of wave dispersion, natural frequencies and shear to compressional wave
Guyonnet-Benaize, Cédric. "Modélisation 3D multi-échelle des structures géologiques de la région de la faille de la moyenne Durance (SE France)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10050.
Full textThe complexity of geological structures in Middle Durance region makes difficult the characterization and evaluation of seismic risk in this region. Understanding these structures in 3D requires to use modern techniques of 3D digital modelling in order to achieve the 3D geological models of the bedrock with coherence on different scales, to perform ground motion simulations. Building 3D geological models need to normalize heterogeneous geophysical and geological databases (oil boreholes, geotechnical boreholes, seismic profiles, H/V geophysical profiles, high and low resolution geological mapping, biostratigraphic dating,...) in the 3D software gOcad. The realization of 3D geological models allows to characterize the 3D geometry of main the tectonic structures in Middle Durance region, including the Middle Durance Fault Zone (ZFMD) and the high resolution geometry of geological bedrock of the Cadarache Valley, and in particular its tertiary sedimentary fill. Our study allows to specify the ZFMD 3D geometry and its role on the adjacent geological structures. The ZFMD is a transfer zone that limits lateral extension and changes the geometry of folds and thrusts. The Middle Durance tectonic structures are characterized by a thin-skin deformation. Salt tectonics plays an important role in this deformation (detachment level, training and 3D geometry of folds). At the scale of the Valley of Cadarache, outcrop geological study coupled with boreholes geostatistical study allows to perform a 3D simulation of the spatial distribution of facies and to propose a 3D sedimentary model for the Tertiary filling of the Cadarache Valley. It is characterized by sedimentation in two steps: a first step of filling by important detrital inputs from the Southeast, related to the erosion of the Maures-Esterel massif, a second step of filling by deposits of fluvial meandering sand-dominant environment with high-sinuosity. Finally, building multi-scale 3D models allows explaining the formation of the Valley of Cadarache in the geodynamic context of the Middle Durance region at Tertiary times, and particularly under the influence of the Pyrenean compression and ZFMD on the Middle Durance region and the Valley of Cadarache