Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rites et cérémonies funéraires préhistoriques – Luxembourg'
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Zipper, Katinka. "Identités et interactions culturelles dans l'espace luxembourgeois durant l'âge du Fer (IXᵉ - IIIᵉ siècle avant notre ère) : analyse du mobilier funéraire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCC033.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to carry out a chrono-cultural analysis of funerary objects from around thirty sites, covering the period between the 9th and 3rd centuries BC, in order to propose hypotheses on the forms of cultural interaction between Luxembourg and the neighbouring regions (Lorraine, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Province of Luxembourg), as well as their evolution over time. A corpus of nearly 400 objects (ceramic vases, ring ornaments, weaponry, clothing accessories, toiletries, and metal tableware) has been analysed using seriation tools, allowing us to propose a chrono-cultural phase applicable to the entire area studied. While in the 11th–10th centuries BC, the region appeared to belong to the RSFO entity in terms of ceramic facies, during the 9th and early 8th centuries BC, various cultural markers began to appear, illustrating increased contact and exchange with peripheral and more distant areas. In the 7th and 6th centuries BC, finds from Luxembourg once again show a degree of homogeneity, revealing a striking similarity with the burial assemblages of the Hunsrück-Eifel culture, though not adopting all of its attributes. From the late 6th to the 4th century BC, the region was influenced by two dominant cultural currents: the 'recent' Hunsrück-Eifel and the Aisne-Marne. The presence of elite tombs indicates connections with other areas of western Europe, which were characterised by a process of social hierarchisation. By the end of the sequence under study, the virtual absence of funerary material typical of the 3rd century BC is likely due to a documentary bias resulting from the limitations of research
Marchetti, Marie-Laurence. "Les sépultures préhistorique et protohistorique en abri-sous-roche de la Corse dans le contexte méditerranéen : Analyse et identification des pratiques funéraires." Corte, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CORT0039.
Full textA burial is "the place where the remains of one or a several lates where deposited, and where enough signs are left so that the archaeologist can detect in the deposit the will to achieve a funerary gesture ; in a more restrictive way, this is a structure constitued for this funerary act. " (J. Leclerc, J. Tarrête in A. Leroi-Gourhan (dir. ), 1988). Our research tried to define using several and varied data (architectural installations, anthropological documents, furniture. . . ) the various criteria which determine a funerary practice. It also allows to understand in a better way prehistoric men behavior in the face of death. The methodology we applied made it possible to highlight a certain number of facts, in particular the funerary modes' concrdant and discordant elements of the Mediterranean Tyrrhenian areas (Corsica, Ligury, Tuscany). The produced results show a nonlinear evolution of the practised gestures. If the individual burial seems to be privileged at the oldest periods, the appearance of collective burial displaying secondary practices during more recent periods won't completely make us give up this type of deposit
Kaurin, Jenny. "Recherches autour du métal : les assemblages funéraires trévires : fin du IIIe s. av. J.-C. - troisième quart du Ier s. ap. J.-C." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL017.
Full textThis work is an essay of characterization and classification of the deposits of objects put down in graves and aims at understanding their evolution between the end of the 3rd century BC and the 3rd quarter of Ist century AD. The study concern 1181 graves, coming from 10 cemeteries of the territory of Treviri. The report counts four parts. The first part sums up studies about funeral deposits (especially about metallic objects in graves) and explains the developed methodological approach : a functional approach of objects integrated into a multidimensional statistical treatment (ACP). The second part proposes a classification of graves according to their associations of objects and analyze their chronological evolution. An hypothesis of hierachical reading is proposed for the different objects and the groups they characterized. The third part analyzes the evolution of funeral deposits inside each cemeteries. The fourth part synthetizes all the phenomena observed and tries to propose an interpreted reading. So funeral deposits are the reflection of ritual practices testifying of a big stability during all the studied period. They are also the reflection of a social history. This history testifies of an internal evolution of the Treviri society, driving to the recognition of craftsmen in the augustean period, according to a process begun during LT D1 and precipitated by the war. This history testifies also of the economic boom of the big towns thanks to the Roman presence
Rottier, Stéphane. "Pratiques funéraires de l'étape initiale du Bronze final dans les bassins de l'Yonne et de la Haute-Seine : l'exemple des sites funéraires de Barbuise, Courtavant, La Saulsotte et Barbey aux XIVème, XIIIème et XIIème siècles avant J.-C." Dijon, 2003. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/90acaeb1-8771-4a4d-9726-6ba173597c09.
Full textThe two sites of this study are representing the most important corpus of early late bronze age inhumations in the northern half France. Archaeological datas on artefacts, burial structures, spacial organisation, position of the dead and human datas of sex and age of defuncts. With a detailed taphonomic analysis, the funerary apparatus seems to have particular functioning after the dead is deposited, especially recuperation of human bones. The work as a whole allows discuss the people status and purpose hypothesis of social organisation in the early Late Bronze age of south-est paris Basin
Sévin-Allouet, Christophe. "Durabilité et hiérarchie des sépultures collectives dans le Nord-Ouest de la France et dans les Îles Britanniques (4500-2500 avant J. -C. )." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010535.
Full textArtin, Gassia. "La "nécropole énéolithique" de Byblos : nouvelles interprétations." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/artin_g.
Full textByblos represents a key site for the study of the Chalcolithic period in the northern Levant. Excavated by Maurice Dunand between 1925-1973, Byblos has produced a large chalcolithic site, one of its richest areas being its "necropolis", which includes 2097 inhumations in jars. Despite the remarkable character of this funerary ensemble and the abundance of data collected during the excavation, only 24 per cent of the tombs were published. The majority of the documentation relative to the "necropolis", composed of graphics, descriptive notes of the funerary jars, as well as the material in its totality are until today unpublished. In this thesis all this non-published documentation has been explored using new methods assisted by computer tools : constituting a data as well as a geospatial corpus of the "necropolis" and the settlement. The use of these two corpuses has allowed the representation of the non published characteristics of the 3 elements composing the funerary group (funerary structure, human remains and funerary mobilier) and to proceed by means of an archaeo-anthropological study. The spatial analysis of the tomb distribution, of their content and their relation with the dweling structures allowed the establishment of a chronospatial seriation of the settlement and of the "necropolis". This research has brought into question the existence of a single "necropolis" and allowed the proposal in a second stage of a relative chronology and a new interpretation of this funerary ensemble
Colmont, Gérard. "Archéologie et anthropologie des populations mégalithiques du nord de l'Aquitaine : l'exemple charentais." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0001.
Full textThe survey of megaliths of'charente-maritime' counts l60 monuments including 46 passage-graves and chests,and 44 long-barrows. We have been able to show that 45% of the megaliths have disappeared in'charente-maritime' during the last two centuries. The excentric passagegraves with quadrangular chamber appear in'charente-maritime' in the fourth millenary bc. The use of chests for burials continues throughout this period. The presence of 'coupes a socle' and 'vases a cupule interne'remains gives proof that the passage-graves have been in use during the middle neolithic. The megalithic burials are always in use during the late neolithic and chalcolithic periods;in these periods, burials are either collectives or individuals. An inventive geological study (systematical microfacies analysis on limestone) shows the existence of short range areas (less than two kilometers)of supplying sources of limestone slabs by the local neolithic cultures. An anthropological study of bone's found in 6 burial chambers (passage-graves with quadrangular chambers and chests) provides some findings in paleodemography,paleosociology and paleopathology. Our findings were compared to results of other investigations in south-west and center of france. We thus argued about the usual mortuary practices during the fourth millenary bc (primary practices) and the third millenary bc (secondary practices)
Semelier, Patricia. "Ossements humains et enceintes néolithiques : l'exemple du Centre-Ouest de la France." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13488.
Full textThe ditches which bound the neolithic surrounding walls deliver regularly human rests which range from the skeleton to the isolated bone remains. The interpretations of these last ones are various : their status depends on the function of these zones : environment, funeral place, even religious center etc. West central France is a region where these moated sites, dated for most of them recent and final neolithic are particularly numerous. On the scale of this region the target of this survey is to discuss the sepulchral character of these remains considering the various cultural communities. Additional elements from the most recent excavations enable the interpretation of these bone remains through analyses of the differential representation, abnormalities of osseous surface and the spatial criteria on site location. The results obtained not only highlight but seem to confirm the importance of this phenomenon because some cadavers obviously have had original funeral treatments. So for the considered period the main issue concerns the role of these bone remains in comparison with those found in the collective graves
Détroit, Florent. "Origine et évolution des Homo sapiens en Asie du Sud-Est : descriptions et analyses morphométriques de nouveaux fossiles." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MNHN0016.
Full textSoutheast Asia is the theatre of many current palaeoanthropological debates: the origins of anatomically modern H. Sapiens, the morphological identity of the first navigators and of the first colonizers of remote Oceania. Chronological gaps in the fossil record and many uncertainties (stratigraphical and cultural) surrounding old discoveries are mainly responsible for those debates. Recently discovered fossil H. Sapiens during systematic excavations and exhaustive reassessment of oldest discoveries aim at filling some of these gaps. Concerning the origins of these populations, Procrustes analysis applied to the skullcap allowed us to make a clear distinction between Indonesian hominids from the Ngandong-Ngawi-Sambungmacan series and Chinese hominids dating from the Middle Pleistocene. From a morphometrical point of view, the former group is clearly outside the evolutionary trend towards the first anatomically modern H. Sapiens, whereas the latter is very close to his African counterpart (Middle and early Upper Pleistocene African archaic H. Sapiens). While it seems impossible at the moment to exclude the hypothesis of a local Chinese evolutionary continuity, there is no morphometrical argument to support a direct link between the last Indonesian H. Erectus and the first Indonesian and Australian H. Sapiens. Morphological and metrical descriptions of new Southeast Asian remains proposed in this thesis in comparison with associated burial customs indicate a high morphological and cultural variability since the late Upper Pleistocene and early Holocene. During this time period, all the main burial customs (flexed and stretched primary burials, secondary burials, cremations) are documented, without any clear chronological trends in burial practices. Since the end of the Upper Pleistocene, Southeast Asia seems to be an actual hybridisation area for human populations, between East Asia (open to migrations from the west) and more geographically isolated Australia
Pomadere, Maia. "Les enfants dans le monde égéen, du néolithique au début de l'âge du fer." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010581.
Full textDesplanques, Elsa. "L'usage des textiles dans les pratiques funéraires : le cas des incinération en urne métallique en Europe au Ier millénaire av. J.-C." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL134.
Full textThe cremation in metallic urns is an aristocratic funerary practice implemented between the XIVth and IIIrd centuries b.c. in some European population groups. The urns employed belong to the service used during the symposium and the banquet. Many of them have textile fragments fixed to their interior or exterior metallic surfaces, which indicates the widespread use of this material. The confrontation of archaeological sources with literary, iconographic and anthropological sources proves the importance of textiles within funeral practices and invites us to question their material, social and symbolic functions. Beyond a descriptive synthesis of the position of the fragments on the urns, investigations about the use of fabrics in the practice of deposit, covering or textile wrapping in the funeral context offer new perspectives on funeral practices of European protohistoric population groups. The remarkable regularity of some layouts of fabrics underlines the cultural and symbolic importance of these funerary uses. The study of the layout of fabrics in tombs leads to the reconstruction of the situation of Man when confronted with death, a way of conceiving, expressing and overcoming, through visual and material language, an inevitable and dreaded natural process
Coupey, Anne-Sophie. "La place des enfants dans la société des âges du Bronze et du Fer en Asie du Sud-Est continentale, d’après leur environnement sépulcral." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S065.
Full textThe Development of archaeological research concerning children’s graves – of varying interest according to the different countries in South-East Asia – often put a limit on any possible comparisons and interpretations. This study is based on 425 children’s graves from 34 sites. Graves in Thailand and Myanmar hold a dominant place in this body of work. Discoveries made by the Mission Archéologique Française au Myanmar – for the most part hitherto unknown – hold an essential place in this research. The inhumations were analysed via different parameters: the positioning of the graves, associations between the graves themselves, the position of the bodies, the grave contents, accompanying grave goods and improvements carried out to the graves. The differences in practices and conditions reserved for adults and children burials allow us to differentiate their different status. As a result, we were able to draw-up a classification according to age as a result of this different burial practice treatment; for the majority of sites, the age of 2 seemed to be an important age to society (burials in earthenware jars for infants). The child’s family status was often demonstrated through the accompanying grave goods. Studying burial practices also enabled us to identify regional particularities and occasionally local particularities, but also enabled us to define characteristics proper to certain cultural groups (the Samon and Mun valleys)
Prouin, Yannick. "La nécropole d'Ensisheim/Reguisheimerfeld (Haut-Rhin) : illustration des pratiques funéraires au Bronze final en Alsace." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582323.
Full textTaillandier, Valérie. "Sépultures et nécropoles du second Âge du Fer dans le Jura occidental et les plaines de Saône : analyse des corpus de mobilier et des pratiques funéraires." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC025.
Full textThis doctoral research focused on studying and characterizing the practices and sets of funeral artefacts in the second Iron Age in the Western Jura and Saône plains. This work required the compilation of a catalogue of sites obtained by an exhaustive analysis of the available data, including all the old documentation and the results of recent preventive archaeological operations. Particular attention was paid to the typo-chronological analysis of funeral assemblies, dominated by metal ornaments. A typographical-chronological classification of the abject categories was developed, based on comparisons with neighbouring regions in the study area. lt provides a solid basis for better understanding the influences and contacts at work in the space under study, as well as their evolution during the Second Iron Age. The analysis of funeral practices is based on the results of a series of reliable sets, which feeds into a reflection on the major trends characterizing each chronological stage and on the specific markers of the elites. All the results of this research provide a renewed image of funeral practices and, more generally, of the second Iron Age society, particularly for La Tène ancienne, the best documented period, in a space that occupies a pivotal position in the western Celtic area
Lazzarini, Catherine Marie. "Les tombes royales et les tombes de prestige en Mésopotamie et en Syrie du Nord au Bronze Ancien." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20023/document.
Full textThe royal tombs and the tombs of prestige are specific of a group detaining a regional power or local power. We have identified archaeological traits in the Syrian and Mesopotamian Early Bronze Age context which could distinguish the prestige tombs from the others. These formal features are the monumental architecture, the specific location of the prestige tombs and the group of graves associated, and the grave goods. The wealth of the deposition and the structure are characteristics of the prestige tombs and it constitutes complex signs integrated in an ideological discourse. Thus, an anthropological perspective has been essential to appreciate the social implication of the elite funerary practices. As others main events in the society, funerary practices of prestige are rituals and social practices which play a role in the representation of the elite power and in the structure of the society. The royal tombs and the tombs of prestige are social instruments of ideological manipulation; the funerary practices are integrated in social discourse through rituals in order to reproduce and maintain social structure and justify the elite power
Munoz, Olivia. "Pratiques funéraires et paramètres biologiques dans la péninsule d'Oman du Néolithique à la fin de l'âge du Bronze ancien (Ve-IIIe millénaires av. N.E.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010514.
Full textLn the Oman Peninsula, the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age is marked by profound socio-economic transformations accompanied by changes in funerary practices. Around 3100 BCE, the region experienced the development of an economic system based on oasis agriculture, the exploitation and export of copper, and the deployment of an intense trade network at multiple scales. Funerary practices are marked by the transition from individual burials to collective graves built in stones. The environmental and chronocultural framework of this study are presented, including the history of research in the region and a review of the data available on funerary practices and biological parameters. Then, the bio-archaeological analysis of the graves and human remains of eleven sites dated from the Neolithic (5th_4th mill. BCE) to the end of the Early Bronze Age (ca. 2000 BCE) aims to characterize the funerary practices and biological parameters of the studied groups. Apart from data acquired for each site, the diachronic synthesis of existing data allows us to explore the interplay of cultural and biological dynamics. Among the main results obtained, we can mention the identification of complex burial practices starting from the Neolithic, an assessment of the preservation of osteological collections, detailed counting (MNI) for collective graves from the Bronze Age, evidence for a management system of these graves, a diachronic analysis of oral diseases, and the demonstration of a population increase starting from the Neolithic. The thesis concludes with a discussion of these results in light of the general evolution model previously
Chamel, Berenice. "Bioanthropologie et pratiques funéraires des populations néolithiques du Proche-Orient : l’impact de la Néolithisation : étude de sept sites syriens – 9820-6000 cal. BC." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22009/document.
Full textThe Neolithisation of the Near-East is a key period in the history of humanity, when huge changes occur in subsistence economy, triggered by agriculture and animal husbandry. Other changes in lifestyle are generated by sedentarization and eventually by the invention of pottery as container. The disruptions known by the Neolithic populations are to be found both in their health status and funerary practices. The sepultures and human remains from seven Syrian archaeological sites are studied in this work over the entire period of Neolithisation. The funerary practices become more complex over time, although the primary individual sepultures, with the corpse laid in a flexed position on one side, remain the standard for a long time. From the PPNA, some sepultures are directly associated with particular buildings, until specific burial areas appear towards the end of the PPNB. The bioanthropological study focuses on infectious diseases affecting bones and teeth and on stress indicators, with a selection of the most relevant features. The skeletons were thus systematically examined for signs of tuberculosis, periostitis, dental caries and abcesses, ante-mortem tooth loss, periodontal disease, dental hypoplasia, Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis. A site by site study of health status changes was carried out first, then the individuals were gathered by period in order to bring to light the impact of the Neolithisation processes in a diachronic study. The advent of agriculture seems to have entailed an increase in dental pathologies and stress indicators in the early PPNB, and a peak of stress registered in the middle PPNB could be related to the introduction of animal husbandry, creating dietary deficiency and new infectious diseases. Most of the markers indicate a deterioration in health status during the last studied period, the Pottery Neolithic. This work establishes that changes in health status were far from linear; the different indicators pointing to fluctuations between the periods, with the most important changes featuring in the PPNB. Furthermore, it suggests that the severity of the pathologies evolved in a non linear way throughout the Neolithisation
Yilmaz, Yasemin. "Les pratiques funéraires des populations néolithiques d’Anatolie : le cas de Cayönü." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14013/document.
Full textThis study focuses on the "Skull Building" of Çayönü (Southeast Anatolian PrepotteryNeolithic), which is one of the oldest buildings for burial use in the MiddleEast. Human remains from different bone deposits (110,460 fragments) of the "SkullBuilding" have been studied through an archaeo-anthropological and taphonomicapproach which had never been applied to a prehistoric site in Anatolia. We havedeveloped a software for counting, estimated the minimum number of individualsburied in each of the two phases of use (NMI = 97 for the Oval Building, NMI = 231for the Rectangular Building) and highlighted a change in practices between the ovalbuilding (the oldest) and the rectangular building (most recent). The results obtainedallow proposing a new interpretation for the functions of this building, insofar as theanalysis showed that different deposits of the second phase of use (RectangularBuilding) were interrelated
Farrugio, Sandrine. "Le traitement des défunts au IIe millénaire avant J-C (Helladique Moyen et Helladique Récent) en Attique et en Argolide." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010609/document.
Full textThis study investigates the treatment of the deceased during the 2nd millennium BC (Middle Helladic and Helladic Recent), in order to establish treatment distributions and funeral gestures. Thus, by using the "archeothanatological" method, we observed the original position of the deceased, studies the recurrence and the divergence of some funeral gestures. We have tried to identify regional traditions, but also to distinguish between different adoption modalities, partial or total transfers of funeral customs through time. To carry out this work, we analyzed data from publications and excavation reports and photographs showing the interior of twenty-four tombs with forty-six skeletons in situ. Thus, were able to identify the different faces of appearance of the various bon parts: this has allowed us to discover the presence until now unsuspected, for some sites, perishable containers: sometimes were proposed new positions of the deceased different of those already established in many publications. Finally, in parallel, we have studied in Greek and Swedish museum collections of bones of the sites of Assine I and II and of the ancient Agora of Athens in order to discover bone voluntary anthropogenic changes. We thus showed the absence of voluntar changes and burnt bones
Labrude, Angélique. "Dynamiques funéraires et affirmations identitaires en Crète à l'est du Lassithi (XIVe - Ve siècles av. J-C.)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG044.
Full textThis doctoral thesis examining funerary dynamics in the east of Lassithi from the fourteenth to the fifth century B.C.E. has several aims. In the first instance, I seek to identify through the material vestiges the collective and codified practices that constitute the funerary rituals marked by a strong identitarian dimension. I also endeavour to grasp the territorial strategies used in the organisation of funerary sites in parallel to the major socio-political changes affecting Crete during the delicate transitional period marking the passage from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. After an initial presentation of the spatio-temporal context and the vocabulary specific to the archaeology of death, the thesis turns towards the systematic description of each sepulchre in its own environment. This material data is subsequently combined with a thematic and comparative analysis of the necropolis. Finally, the systematic dimension of funerary dynamics in the east of Lassithi is considered in light of the Aegean chrono-cultural context
Poulmarc'h, Modwene. "Pratiques funéraires et identité biologique des populations du Sud Caucase, du Néolithique à la fin de la culture Kura-Araxe (6ème - 3ème millénaire av. J.-C.) : une approche archéo-anthropologique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20064/document.
Full textHuman remains and funerary practices of the Neolithic period to the end of the Kura-Araxe’s culture (6th to 3rd millennium) in the Southern Caucasus have not been thus far the subject of bio-anthropological studies. In order to contribute to a better understanding of funeral practices and the biological characteristics of southern Caucasus populations, a reassessment of published data related to human remains recorded from ancient excavations and new approaches of analyses, archaeothanatology, of new data from recent excavations in the region has been undertaken. A detailed study is conducted based on funeral gestures reconstruction, burial type’s analyses, and various anthropological aspects (morphology and Morphometry, non metric anatomic variations, stress indicators and pathology). 132 sites incorporating graves are attested in the Southern Caucasus: five Neolithic sites, 21 chalcolithic sites and 111 sites of Kura-Araxe’s culture. The review of the old data revealed seven categories of burials: pit grave, burial in ceramic container, Constructed tomb with various shapes, horseshoe grave, cist burial, kurgans and stones covered graves. The Neolithic tombs are rare. It comprises pit burials located within settlement area with inhumation of individuals in flexed position on one side. Chalcolithic graves are slightly more recurrent than earlier period. Three new types of tombs are used: burials in ceramic container, kurgans and stones covered tombs. Pit burials remained the most numerous, and regularly associated with settlement area. The deceased are usually buried in flexed position on one side. Furthermore, burials in ceramic container appeared to be designed especially for immature young deceased. At the end of Chalcolithic, Kurgan marked the beginnings of the partition between the burial area and the settlement area. The Kurgan practices continued in the second half of the 4th millennium and appear to be wide and commonly spread around the first half of the 3rd millennium. In addition, stone covered burials started to be used during the Chalcolithic period. This shift between underground burials and constructed marks to locate burials reflects a change of society’s mentalities. During the Kura-Araxes culture, a striking increase in the number of sites with burials is attested. Tomb types are diversified. In addition to pit burials, the Kurgans and stone covered burials continued to be practiced meanwhile, three other types of Tomb appeared: the Constructed tombs of various shapes, the cists burials and horseshoe graves. This diversification demonstrates a multiplicity of practices. On the other hand, the analyses of inhumation position revealed more regular customs: the flexed position on one side is clearly the most used. Distribution maps of burial sites are established on the basis of the variability of identified grave types and deceased position. Finally, the archaeothanatology methods allowed better understanding of deposits patterns and highlighted the practice of unexpected gestures (seating, use of tie, perishable container). This research offers the possibility to have an overall view of the Southern Caucasus living population between the 6th and the 3rd millennium BC. Some mortuary gestures and funerary practices until now unsuspected have been revealed once applying the archeothanatology methods
Aoudia-Chouakri, Louiza. "Pratiques funéraires complexes : réévaluation archéo-anthropologique des contextes ibéromaurusiens et capsiens (paléolithique supérieur et épipaléolithique, Afrique du Nord-Ouest)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059817.
Full textRivollat, Maïté. "Du fonctionnement des sites funéraires aux processus de néolithisation sur le territoire français (néolithique ancien et moyen) : premiers apports de l'approche paléogénétique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0045/document.
Full textThe study of ancient DNA has recently shed new light on the different Neolithic expansion waves into Europe, however no palaeogenetic data was available for first farmer groups that settled modern day France from 5600-5200 cal. BC. Here we present the first analysis of the gene pool from five Early and Middle Neolithic sites (5200-3600 cal. BC) spread across northern France that are representative of both the period’s cultural diversity and variable funerary practices. A total of 88 mitochondrial haplogroups and 63 haplotypes could be identified. At the regional scale, a clear continuity is evident between Danubian populations and the farmer groups that settled the northern half of France. However, data from the Gurgy necropolis (Yonne) south of the Paris Basin evinces admixture with Neolithic groups from the Mediterranean expansion wave as well as early admixture with descendants of hunter-gatherer groups. This latter pattern is also observable at Fleury-sur-Orne (Normandy), reinforcing the hypothesis of increasing admixture between hunter-gatherers and farmers from eastern to western Europe. More locally, our data shows a clear diversity in the funerary organization of farmer groups. At Obernai (Alsace), maternally and culturally differentiated groups seem to have successively used different sectors to bury their dead. At Gurgy, no correlation between maternal lineages and necropolis organization or funerary practices could be identified, implying the complete acculturation of individuals with diverse ancestries, at least in terms of burial practices. Finally, at Fleury-sur-Orne, a maternal continuity between individuals buried in Passy-type structures and later dolmens (collective burials) is evident, suggesting a complex social evolution of the group. Finally, the substantial mitochondrial diversity observed in all sites appears consistent with a patrilocal kinship system, including the integration of hunter-gatherer females in Early Neolithic farmer groups
Le, Roy Mélie. "Les enfants au Néolithique : du contexte funéraire à l'interprétation socioculturelle en France de 5700 à 2100 avant J.-C." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0020/document.
Full textIn France, during the Neolithic time period (5700-2100 BC), several cultural groups have been identified. They are mostly defined according to their set of artefacts. Funerary practices show major changes during this period. In the begining of Neolithic burials were simple and gathered, following with monumentalisation and collectivization at the middle Neolithic, before becoming exclusive at the end of the Neolithic. The aim of this research is to focus on immature individuals within these various contexts (funerary practices, age distribution and spatial analysis) and to discuss the social statut of young individuals within the society through the collected data.A multi-scalar study, based on an inventory of 8124 settlements in France combines biological and archaeological data and includes a GIS analysis. This elaborated data base is designed to become an online collaborative platform.Special attention is given to eight funerary sites dated respectively to middle Neolithic and to the end of Neolithic before their integration in the whole sample. Results document a specific spatial distribution of the immature individuals inside the funerary sites. Various funerary treatments are also identified on a larger scale, allowing the grouping of some sites both geographically and spatially. These differences seem to reflect breaking age at death linked to the social consideration of the immature deceased, from birth to adulthood
Jordana, Fabienne. "Fracturation sur os frais ou sur os sec de la voûte crânienne : approche méthodologique et application archéologique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR13984.
Full textEstablishing a differential diagnosis between fresh bone fractures and dry bone fractures allows, whatever the chronological period considered, an interpretative approach relating to the human behaviours within a group or another population, as well as the deaths gestures. Thus, cannibalism, violent behaviours, or original funerary practices can be considered. If some analytical methods existed for the infracranial skeleton, no references allowing for the differentiation between fresh bone fractures (intentional or not) and dry bone breaks were available for the cranial skeleton. Thus, our research objective concentrated on a determination trial of statistically valid criteria that distinguished the fracturing moment on fossil bones. An important part of our work concerned experimental studies undertaken to distinguish a mechanical behavioural difference between fresh bone fractures and dry bone fractures (mechanical tests, rugosimetry, microtomography, or bone pieces digitalization). Forensic medicine criteria was also discussed with osseous samples coming from different archeological series that were taken from chronological and geographical points of view and used to represent each different problem. It appears that there exist very few criteria taken individually that are sufficiently relevant to differentiate fracturing on fresh bone and fracturing on dry bone (delamination). They must always be discussed on an archeological series scale and not on an isolated sample, either alone or taken out of context. In the best of the cases, they enable us to propose assumptions (cannibalism, pressure of the sediments…) that will have to be corroborated according to the archaeological and anthropological context by an interdisciplinary analysis
Baroni, Irène. "La séquence holocène de la grotte de l'Adaouste (B. -du-Rh. ) : relations entre le Néolithique de Provence et l'Italie du Nord." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0041.
Full textThe analysis of neolithic industry, pottery and lithic artefacts, and some of the rituals aspects in the Adaouste cave, improves our knowledge of southern French neolithisation. The end of Early neolithic phase is characterised -in this region- by an Evolved cardial tradition, with a strong influence from the Po’ basin’s Early neolithic cultures. These came from a complex network of contacts used to exchange raw materials from the Alps between early neolithic groups of the italo-provencal region. This network evolved still more during the Middle neolithic under the influence of the SMP culture, which formed the basis for of a different faciès –already identified in different Provencal sites- that’s placed before the Chasseen middle neolithic. This one spread out from France to northern Italy, cutting the great cultural homogeneity of the SMP culture, first along the coast, further inland. The Late neolithic levels of the Adaouste cave show the characteristics of the region, independent from the influences of the Alpine region
Lo studio delle industrie neolitiche, ceramica e litiche, nonché l’analisi di alcuni aspetti del rituale funerario della grotta dell’Adaouste, ha permesso di precisare alcuni aspetti riguardanti la neolitizzazione della regione provenzale. La fase finale del Neolitico cardiale si caratterizza per una tradizione cardiale evoluta, influenzata dalle culture del Neolitico antico della valle del Po’. Tali influenze prendono origine dalla rete di contatti stabilita per lo scambio di materie prime di origine alpina tra i gruppi italo-provenzali del neolitico antico. La rete di scambi si rinforza durante il Neolitico medio, sotto la spinta dei gruppi della cultura VBQ, che danno origine ad una faciès uniforme e riconoscibile –individuata in vari siti provenzali- che precede il Neolitico chasséen. Quest’ultimo –anch’esso presente nella grotta- si diffonde dalla Francia all’Italia settentrionale, prima sulla costa e successivamente nelle zone interne, interrompendo la grande omogeneità culturale della cultura VBQ. I livelli del Neolitico finale evolvono in maniera autonoma, senza rapporti con la zona alpina, conformemente al contesto regionale
Khawam, Rima. "L'Homme et la mort au néolithique précéramique B : l'exemple de Tell Aswad." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20133.
Full textTell Aswad, located 30 km East/South-East of Damascus, is a nearly 6 hectares tell not exceeding 4,5 meters height above the great lacustrian plain surrounding. The whole stratigraphy of the site dates from PPNB (8200-7500 B.C.), it's a reference site for the Central Levant because of the farmer/cattle breeder population showing connections between Southern and Northern Levant. The ancient PPNB levels, poorly understood in South Levant, give to the site an important historical status on a regional level. Thus, Tell Aswad offers us a rare documentation used for a better understanding of the PPNB period origins in the area and the cultural identities corresponding. The data are especially rich for the funeral practices. More than 119 individuals have been excavated spread on the entire occupation. Our results indicate the presence of a diachronic continuity of the funeral practices throughout the occupation due to an ancestral tradition. They reveal the use of simple burials but also specificity in the multiple burials by means of the skull withdrawal. Both models result from a selective choice imposed by the social system (hierarchical), indicating how the deceased had to be buried. The variability inside the skull treatment including the modeled skulls correspond to "ritual" and funerary practices highly culturalized. They reflect a social order and a group integrity materializing one of the major feature of the cultural identity of Neolithic PPNB society in Tell Aswad. Studying the spatial organization of the burials during the PPNB occupation of Tell Aswad reveals changes in burial sites, from burials in the house inside the family unit until the creation of specific area dedicated to funerary practices. The spatial organization of these areas becomes for our research a supplementary testimony of the social organization in the site
Mougne, Caroline. "Exploitation et utilisation des invertébrés marins durant la Protohistoire sur le territoire continental et littoral Manche-Atlantique français." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S020.
Full textThis work deals with the use and exploitation of marine invertebrates (molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms) during the Protohistory on the Channel and Atlantic coasts in France. It relies on the inventory of 197 sites characterized by the presence of this type of fauna. Some archaeomalacological studies have been realized on 32 of these sites, of which 17 during this thesis. The results allow to approach various themes, such as the environments exploited, the subsistence economy (food, geographical variations, exchange network), crafts (dyeing, beads, building material, etc.) and funeral and ritual practices (hoard, ritual meal). The study of the marine invertebrates thus contributes to a better understanding of the socio-economical and cultural systems of the littoral and continental communities during the Protohistory
Este trabajo se centra en el uso y explotación de los invertebrados marinos (moluscos, crustáceos y equinodermos) durante la Protohistoria en la costa de la Mancha y Atlántica de Francia. La investigación se basa en un inventario de 197 sitios arqueológicos con presencia de restos malacológicos, sobre 32 de ellos se ha realizado un estudio arqueomalacológico, de los cuales 17 se han desarrollado e incluido en el contexto de esta tesis doctoral. Los resultados obtenidos se han orientado a tratar una variedad de cuestiones, como el medioambiente explotado, la economía de subsistencia a partir de diferentes perspectivas (la alimentación, las especificaciones geográfica, o las redes de intercambio), la producción artesanal (tintes, elementos de adorno o material de construcción), o las prácticas funerarias y rituales (elementos de ajuar, comidas rituales). El estudio de los invertebrados marinos contribuye así a una mejor comprensión de los sistemas culturales y socio-económicos de las comunidades costeras y también continentales a lo largo de la Protohistoria