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Journal articles on the topic 'River Guaíba'
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Pereira, F. F., C. R. Fragoso Jr., C. B. Uvo, W. Collischonn, and D. M. L. Motta Marques. "Assessment of numerical schemes for solving the advection–diffusion equation on unstructured grids: case study of the Guaíba River, Brazil." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 20, no. 6 (December 17, 2013): 1113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-1113-2013.
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Abstract. In this work, a first-order upwind and a high-order flux-limiter schemes for solving the advection–diffusion equation on unstructured grids were evaluated. The numerical schemes were implemented as a module of an unstructured two-dimensional depth-averaged circulation model for shallow lakes (IPH-UnTRIM2D), and they were applied to the Guaíba River in Brazil. Their performances were evaluated by comparing mass conservation balance errors for two scenarios of a passive tracer released into the Guaíba River. The circulation model showed good agreement with observed data collected at four water level stations along the Guaíba River, where correlation coefficients achieved values up to 0.93. In addition, volume conservation errors were lower than 1% of the total volume of the Guaíba River. For all scenarios, the higher order flux-limiter scheme has been shown to be less diffusive than a first-order upwind scheme. Accumulated conservation mass balance errors calculated for the flux limiter reached 8%, whereas for a first-order upwind scheme, they were close to 18% over a 15-day period. Although both schemes have presented mass conservation errors, these errors are assumed negligible compared with kinetic processes such as erosion, sedimentation or decay rates.
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Buckup, Ludwig, Alessandra A. P. Bueno, Georgina Bond-Buckup, Marcelo Casagrande, and Fabiane Majolo. "The benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of highland streams in southern Brazil: composition, diversity and structure." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, no. 2 (June 2007): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000200005.
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Benthic macroinvertebrate in four rivers, three in the Pelotas River basin (Divisa, Marco and Silveira rivers, in the headwaters of the Uruguai River) and one in the Taquari-Antas system (Antas River), a tributary in the Guaíba basin, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, were identified. Two samples were collected in summer, autumn and spring, with one replicate in each river. The total of 28,961 specimens included members of Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Acarina, Insecta, Crustacea and Mollusca. The Silveira and Marco rivers showed significant differences in the indices of Shannon-Weaver (H’), Simpson’s Reciprocal (1/D), Margalef (DMg) and Equitability (E). The Silveira River showed the highest means of diversity and the EPT index (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera). Comparison among the diversity indices, considered individually, were insufficient to show differences in community structure, for the purpose of ecological characterization of the rivers. The EPT values characterized the Divisa River as having the highest abundance (73%), followed by the Marco (71%), Antas (48%) and Silveira (36%). These results suggest that the Silveira River is subject to moderate environmental stress, from human impact, although it showed the highest diversity of the major macrobenthic groups.
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Scottá, Fernando Comerlato, Mauro Michelena Andrade, Vicente Oliveira Silva Junior, Natacha Oliveira, Jair Weschenfelder, Eduardo Calixto Bortolin, and José Carlos Nunes. "GEOACOUSTIC PATTERNS OF THE GUAÍBA RIVER BOTTOM AND SUBBOTTOM AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH SEDIMENTARY AND HYDRODYNAMIC PROCESSES." Brazilian Journal of Geophysics 37, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v37i1.1991.
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ABSTRACT. This work aimed at studying the bottom and sub-bottom geoacoustics of the Guaíba River, whose echo patterns are related to hydrodynamic patterns and sedimentary processes. A total of 324 km of seismic transects were surveyed using the Stratabox high-frequency (10 kHz) profiler with concomitant imaging using a side-scan sonar in the northern and central areas of the Guaíba system. The records were interpreted with the aid of complementary data (bathymetry and bottom samples), and maps containing the spatial arrangement of echo-characters were developed. The echo-characters were classified into seven different types according to the presence of sediments controlled by the hydrodynamics of the system or modified by human action. In general, the echoes related to the deposition of fine sediments occurred in deeper areas, the navigation channel or surrounding areas. The echoes in the shallower areas presented strong acoustic reflectivity at sites with lower deposition of fine sediments and predominance of sandy sediments. The occurrence and morphology of asymmetric subaqueous dunes indicated a predominant north-to-south flow and a river behavior.Keywords: shallow geophysics, sedimentology, hydrodynamics, geoprocessing.RESUMO. Este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo geoacústico de fundo e subfundo do rio Guaíba, cujos padrões de ecos são relacionados aos padrões hidrodinâmicos e aos processos sedimentares atuantes. Foram levantados 324 km de perfis sísmicos em extensão, com o perfilador de alta frequência (10 kHz) Stratabox e concomitante imageamento com Sonar de Varredura Lateral nas áreas Norte e Central do Guaíba. Os registros foram interpretados com o auxílio de dados complementares (batimetria e amostras de fundo) e foram confeccionados mapas com a disposição espacial dos eco-caráteres. Os eco-caráteres foram classificados em sete diferentes tipos, de acordo com a presença de sedimentos controlados pela hidrodinâmica do sistema ou modificados pela ação humana. De uma forma geral, os ecos relacionados à deposição de sedimentos finos ocorrem nas áreas mais profundas, no canal de navegação ou adjacências. Os ecos nas áreas mais rasas apresentam forte refletividade acústica, em locais com menor deposição de sedimentos finos e predomínio de sedimentos arenosos. A ocorrência e morfologia de dunas subaquosas assimétricas indicam um fluxo preponderante no sentido Norte – Sul e um comportamento fluvial do sistema aquático.Palavras-chave: geofísica rasa, sedimentologia, hidrodinâmica, geoprocessamento.
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Bueno, Carolina, Rubens Figueira, Michel Doeppre Ivanoff, Elirio Ernestino Toldo Junior, Laura Fornaro, and Felipe García-Rodríguez. "A MULTI PROXY ASSESSMENT OF LONG-TERM ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS IN PATOS LAGOON, SOUTHERN BRAZIL." Journal of Sedimentary Environments 4, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/jse.2019.44612.
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Sediments preserve environmental information at the time of deposition which is a useful tool to evaluate the extent of the environmental change from its pristine condition. We evaluated historic environmental trends in the sedimentary record by analysing three sediment cores collected within the freshwater region of Patos Lagoon (southern Brazil). As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. C/N ratios and δ13C values were also determined. Contamination indices such as Enrichment Factor, Geoaccumulation Index, Sediment Pollution Index and Pollution Load Index were calculated to evaluate the influence of anthropic activities. Multiple-elemental indices showed a general overview of the environmental conditions of the lagoon throughout time. Furthermore, single-element indices explained which elements triggered the observed changes in the environmental trends. Near Camaquã River mouth, we inferred fairly undisturbed conditions and did not seem to be affected by the mining activities upstream Camaquã River. The influence of these activities was observed upstream the lagoon, between Camaquã and Guaíba rivers, probably as a consequence of the hydrodynamics of the lagoon. Especially, As, Ba and Pb showed moderately polluted levels after 2009 AD. In Guaíba site, a progressive deterioration of the lagoon quality was observed after 1980 reaching the worst environmental degradation by 2000 AD. However, Enrichment Factor values only showed moderate pollution levels suggesting a considerable dilution process within the system given its large size. Similar δ13C signature was observed in the whole lagoon prior to the anthropogenic influence. However, such a condition changed differentially after the anthropogenic fingerprint. Recent sediments reflected a shift in the plant cover, and particularly in Guaíba, the influence of urban and industrial activities of Porto Alegre City were reflected in the sedimentary record. Overall, metals together with organic matter composition proxies allowed us to determine the anthropic-related changes in Patos Lagoon. APLICAÇÃO DE MULTI-INDICADORES NA ANÁLISE TEMPORAL DE IMPACTOS ANTRÓPICOS NA LAGOA DOS PATOS, SUL DO BRASILResumoOs sedimentos preservam a informação ambiental no momento da deposição, sendo uma ferramenta útil para avaliar a extensão da mudança ambiental ao longo do tempo. avaliamos as tendências ambientais históricas no registro sedimentar, analisando três testemunhos de sedimentos coletados na região de água doce da Lagoa dos Patos (sul do Brasil). Amostras sedimentares coletadas ao longos dos testemunhos foram submetidas a análises geoquímicas, tendo sido determinadas as concentrações de Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn, analisadas por espectrometria de emissão ótica com plasma indutivamente acoplado. A razão C/N e os valores de δ13C também foram determinados. Índices de contaminação como Fator de Enriquecimento, Índice de Geoacumulação, Índice de Poluição de Sedimentos e Índice de Carga Poluente foram calculados para avaliar a influência das atividades antrópicas. Os índices aplicados permitiram analisar o padrão evolutivo geral das condições ambientais da Lagoa dos Patos ao longo do tempo e mostraram quais os elementos que desencadearam as mudanças observadas nas tendências ambientais. Com base nos dados obtidos, foi possível inferir que próximo à foz do Rio Camaquã, o ambiente não está perturbado e parece não ter sido afetado pelas atividades de mineração realizadas a montante deste rio. A influência dessas atividades foi registrada numa zona mais externa da lagoa, entre os rios Camaquã e Guaíba, provavelmente em consequência da hidrodinâmica da lagoa. Nessa região foram encontrados sedimentos moderadamente poluídos sobretudo por As, Ba e Pb após 2009 AD. Na zona de Guaíba, observou-se uma deterioração progressiva da qualidade ambiental após 1980, tendo-se atingido a pior degradação ambiental em 2000 AD. No entanto, os valores do Fator de Enriquecimento evidenciaram apenas níveis moderados de poluição, sugerindo que o processo de diluição dentro do sistema é considerável, devido á grande extensão desta laguna. No período anterior à influência antropogênica, a assinatura isotópica de δ13C foi similar em toda a lagoa. No entanto, tal condição mudou diferencialmente após a intensificação das atividades antrópicas na área. Os sedimentos recentes mostraram a ocorrência de uma mudança na cobertura vegetal sobretudo em Guaíba. A influência das atividades urbanas e industriais da cidade de Porto Alegre refletiu-se no registro sedimentar. A análise das concentrações de metais em conjunto com os proxies que permitem identificar mudanças na composição da matéria orgânica permitiram identificar alterações causadas por ações antrópicas na Lagoa dos Patos.Palavras-chave: Metais Pesados. δC13. Impacto Antrópico. Aplicação de multi-proxies. Índices de poluição. Litoral.
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Blume, KK, JC Macedo, A. Meneguzzi, LB Silva, DM Quevedo, and MAS Rodrigues. "Water quality assessment of the Sinos River, Southern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 4 suppl (December 2010): 1185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000600008.
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The Sinos River basin is located Northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (29º 20' to 30º 10' S and 50º 15' to 51º20'W), Southern Brazil, covering two geomorphologic provinces: the Southern plateau and central depression. It is part of the Guaíba basin and has an area of approximately 800 km², encompassing 32 municipalities. The objective of this study was to monitor water quality in the Sinos River, the largest river in this basin. Water samples were collected at four selected sites in the Sinos River, and the following parameters were analysed: pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), turbidity, fecal coliforms, total dissolved solids, temperature, nitrate, nitrite, phosphorous, chromium, lead, aluminum, zinc, iron, and copper. The results were analysed based on Resolution No. 357/2005 of the Brazilian National Environmental Council (CONAMA) regarding regulatory limits for residues in water. A second analysis was performed based on a water quality index (WQI) used by the Sinos River Basin Management Committee (COMITESINOS). Poor water quality in the Sinos River presents a worrying scenario for the region, since this river is the main source of water supply for the urban core. Health conditions found in the Sinos River, mainly in its lower reaches, are worrying and a strong indicator of human activities on the basin.
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Moretto, Daiane Lautert, Ruben Edgardo Panta, Adilson Ben da Costa, and Eduardo Alexis Lobo. "Calibration of water quality index (WQI) based on Resolution nº 357/2005 of the Environment National Council (CONAMA)." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 24, no. 1 (August 16, 2012): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2012005000024.
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Environmental monitoring studies in the Hydrographical Basin of Pardo River, RS, Brazil, in the time series from 2007 to 2009, showed no agreement between the water quality evaluation obtained through the Water Quality Index (WQI - NSF), which ranged from "regular" to "good", and the Environment National Council (CONAMA) Resolution 357/2005, which was bad ("class 4"), highlighting as critical variables for this classification the thermotolerant coliforms and the phosphate concentration, indicating process of water eutrophication, related to the large amount of nutrients and organic load from domestic sewage and excess fertilizers used in agriculture. AIM: This research aimed to calibrate the WQI - NSF for the Pardo River Basin, based on the CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. METHODS: Using the database (2007 a 2009) from the Laboratory of Limnology of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), RS, corresponding to the environmental monitoring studies realized in the Hydrographical Basin of Pardo River new weights of the relative importance of the variables used to calculate the WQI were attributed, by means of principal component analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant agreement between the results of the assessment of water quality using the CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 and the new WQI calibrated. CONCLUSION: The results certify the use of the calibrated WQI in environmental monitoring programs in lotic systems belonging to Guaíba Hydrographical Basin, RS.
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Benvenuti, T., MA Kieling-Rubio, CR Klauck, and MAS Rodrigues. "Evaluation of water quality at the source of streams of the Sinos River Basin, southern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 2 suppl (May 2015): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.1513.
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<p>The Sinos River Basin (SRB) is located in the northeastern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (29º20' to 30º10'S and 50º15' to 51º20'W), southern Brazil, and covers two geomorphologic provinces: the southern plateau and the central depression. It is part of the Guaíba basin, has an area of approximately 800 km<sup>2</sup> and contains 32 counties. The basin provides drinking water for 1.6 million inhabitants in one of the most important industrial centres in Brazil. This study describes different water quality indices (WQI) used for the sub-basins of three important streams in the SRB: Pampa, Estância Velha/Portão and Schmidt streams. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters assessed bimonthly using samples collected at each stream source were used to calculate the Horton Index (HI), the Dinius Index (DI) and the water quality index adopted by the US National Sanitation Foundation (NSF WQI) in the additive and multiplicative forms. These indices describe mean water quality levels at the streams sources. The results obtained for these 3 indexes showed a worrying scenario in which water quality has already been negatively affected at the sites where three important sub-basins in the Sinos River Basin begin to form.</p>
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Gonçalves, Silvana Pereira, Fabiane Lucheta, Viviane Kelin de Souza, and Nara Regina Terra. "The influence of xenobiotics in river sediment on the reproduction and survival of Daphnia magna, 1820, Straus." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 24, no. 2 (October 30, 2012): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2012005000040.
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AIM: The Taquari River, a tributary of Guaíba Lake, is a major economic and environmental source for Rio Grande do Sul, a state located in the far south of Brazil; METHODS: This study evaluated the interference of sediment from this river in the reproduction and survival of 320 microcrustaceans (80 organisms per site) of the Daphnia magna species. Four sites between the middle course and the river mouth were monitored using eight samples from each site, between June/06 and April/10. Mortality higher than 20% suggested the acute action of the sample on the daphniids, while low reproduction indicated the presence of chronic toxicity. Sometimes an effect on survival was noted, but the number of individuals generated was always low. Semi-static chronic assays (21 day) were developed in 50 mL beakers using sediment and M4 culture medium at a ratio of 1:4 (v:v). Each beakers received a microcrustacean born from lots presenting LC50-24 hours = 0.98 mg K2Cr2O7 ± 0.04 mg totaling ten replicas per sample. The assays were developed under controlled light (16 hours light/day) and temperature (20 ºC ± 2 ºC) conditions; RESULTS: Duncan test showed a variation in reproduction (p < 0.05) with the presence of chronic toxicity. There was less reproductive activity in 91% of the samples, while for survival the reduction attained 9%. Spearman correlation identified the dependence between the rainfall index and reproduction in one of the samples and was absent when the rainfall index was compared to survival; CONCLUSIONS: Taquari River presented episodes of toxicity, and it is necessary to continue studies in the area and to inspect local sources of pollution, as already has been done. Chronic bioassays should be maintained when the purpose is to evaluate environmental quality, since reproduction proved more sensitive than survival.
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Terra, Nara Regina, and Silvana Pereira Gonçalves. "Daphnia magna Straus, 1820 response to sediment samples from a contaminated river ( Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 25, no. 1 (March 2013): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2013000100004.
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AIM: The Sinos River, a tributary of Guaíba Lake, is 200 km long from the headwaters to the mouth and is influenced by several sources of pollution. A study to learn more about conditions in this river was performed in the middle and lower reaches. The study evaluated the effects of sediment contamination by xenobiotics on the survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna. METHODS: Eight sediment samples were collected per site from Dec/2007 to Aug/2009, as a substrate for 480 young cladocera (2-26 h old at the beginning of the trials) in chronic toxicity tests (21 days). For this purpose, D. magna individuals were exposed to sediment and M4 culture medium, at a proportion of 1:4 (v:v) using 50 mL beakers, kept at 20 ºC ± 2 ºC in 16h light:8h dark cycles. The test organisms came from lots with LC50-24h = 1.04 mgK2Cr2O7 ± 0.11 mg. Percentage survival and reproduction were considered to define acute and/or chronic responses. Duncan (p < 0.05) and T (p < 0.05) Tests, ANOVA and Spearman correlation of the biological data were used as statistical complementation. The Spearman correlation was also applied looking for dependencies between the rainfall measured at the sites and the biological parameters but there was no evidence of correlation. The presence of acute toxicity was diagnosed for the sample in which survival was less than 80%, and for chronic toxicity when the mean number of neonates was less than 20 daphniids. RESULTS: Reproductive delays were found coinciding with physical and chemical parameters, as well as the presence of metals at values that were not in accordance with the law. Statistical analysis suggested the predominance of point sources of contamination. An effect on survival was observed in 17% of the samples, and on reproduction in 87%. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that pollutants discharged into the Sinos River remain and can interfere in the equilibrium of the trophic network, since they increase mortality and diminish the production of offspring among the cladocera, representatives of the primary consumers in the food chain.
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Pedroza, Wellington Silva, Frank Raynner V. Ribeiro, Túlio Franco Teixeira, Willian M. Ohara, and Lúcia H. Rapp Py-Daniel. "Ichthyofaunal survey of stretches of the Guariba and Rooselvelt Rivers, in Guariba State Park and Guariba Extractive Reserve, Madeira River basin, Amazonas, Brazil." Check List 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 008. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.1.008.
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The fishes presented herein were collected in small streams, in channel of lagoons and in the main channel of the Guariba River, as well as in one tributary of the right bank of the Roosevelt River, both clear-water tributaries of Aripuanã River, Madeira River basin. Field work was carried out in November 2008, during the low water season. Sampling resulted in 3924 specimens belonging to 160 species distributed in 34 families, and seven orders. Eight species are recognized as new, two of which were recently described. This study represents the first fish survey for the region and will certainly provide valuable information for future studies and maintenance of the poorly known fish diversity of these two conservation areas.
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Yue, Jian Guo, Yun Long Qi, Xue Li Wei, and Ning Sheng Chen. "The Influence of Debris Flow on Lake Depositon: An Case from Guanba River in Qionghai Lake Basin." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1129.
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Sediment deposition caused by debris flows is an important process controlling the evolution and regression of lake, and even a pervasive environmental problem. The frequent debris flows construct a vital links between mountain slope and Qiong Lake transporting lots of sediment into lake, and further making the lake depth and lake area shallower and smaller constantly. In the paper, we select the Guanba River in the northeast of Qiong Lake as a case studying the effect of debris flows on Lake depositon and the characteristics of typical debris flow, and document the sediment deposition in the Guanba River estuary. The control factors contributing to debris flow initiation indicate that the debris flows are drove by rainfall, earthquake and human activities together, and the occurrence frequency of debris flows in the study area will continue to increase.
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Lima, Isabela Farias, Aline Maria Meiguins de Lima, and Nicolau Akio Kubota. "VOÇOROCAS EM ÁREAS DE MINERAÇÃO COMO COMPONENTE DA PAISAGEM DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICAS DO RIO GUAMÁ, AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL." REVISTA GEONORTE 12, no. 39 (July 12, 2021): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21170/10.21170/geonorte.2021.v.12.n.39.149.169.
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A atividade mineral realizada na bacia hidrográfica do rio Guamá (nordeste do estado do Pará), atua principalmente próximo aos cursos d’água gerando impactos ambientais, como por exemplo, o desenvolvimento de feições erosivas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os componentes da paisagem natural e antrópica condicionantes do desenvolvimento de feições erosivas nas sub-bacias do médio-alto curso do rio Guamá, além das condições que favoreceram o desenvolvimento de voçorocas decorrentes da atividade mineral. A metodologia associada envolveu a análise da paisagem componente em ambiente SIG (aspectos fisiográficos e de uso da terra), além da caracterização em campo de voçorocas, utilizando um protocolo específico. Os resultados indicam que as sub-bacias avaliadas já apresentam cerca de 54% de seu território destinado ao uso agropecuário e 42% com cobertura florestal remanescente ou secundária. E a área delimitada como de influência da atividade mineral, contém mais de 50% de alteração, comprometendo principalmente a faixa ripária. O conjunto de informações avaliadas indica que a evolução da atividade mineral na região não tem se manifestado de forma sustentável, favorecendo o surgimento de voçorocas, cujo processo de recuperação já se encontra na faixa mais elevada de custo, o que implica que deve ser exercida uma maior pressão no setor mineral para redução destes impactos.
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Wei, Xue Li, Yun Long Qi, Qian Gong Cheng, and Ning Sheng Chen. "Study on the Effect of Debris Flows from Guanba River on Qiong Lake, Sichuan, China." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.709.
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Sediment deposition caused by debris flows and floods is an important process controlling the evolution and regression of lake, and even a pervasive environmental problem. Qiong Lake is regards as a “bright phearl of the altiplano” in the Yunnan Plateau, and because debris flows construct a vital links between mountain slope and Qiong Lake, so the debris flows drove by rainfall will control the evolution rule of rift lakes. Based on the data of lake shorelines of Qiong Lake, it was found that the shoreline was push forward by 665 m since 1998. In addition, in the recent 30 years, turbidity current deposits have generated underwater levee and other landscapes in the deep water area of Qiong River. This paper has analyzed the matter migration process induced by debris flows, and presented the regime change pattern of debris flow along river channel and corresponding mechanical mechanism, mainly revealed the submarine transportation and deposition pattern of debris flow. The above studies provide a helpful way of comprehending the formation mechanism of turbidity flow induced by debris flow, and the transportation pattern. Based on severe sediment deposition catastrophes in this kind of rift lakes from debris flows and floods, disaster mitigation must be planned and appropriate engineering countermeasures put in place as soon as possible.
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Andrade, Leonardo Capeleto de, Rodrigo Da Rocha Andrade, and Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo. "The historical influence of tributaries on the water and sediment of Jacuí’s Delta, Southern Brazil." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2150.
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The high population density in a metropolis leads to socio-environmental impacts that directly affect local water resources. This work evaluated the historical data (between 2000 and 2014) of water and sediment monitoring in the Jacuí’s Delta region and analyzed the relationship between these sites. Seven monitoring sites around the Jacuí's Delta were evaluated: the outflow of the rivers Jacuí, Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí; the channels Ilha da Pintada and Navegantes; and Lake Guaíba. Water data were evaluated for: air and water temperature; depth; pH; electrical conductivity; transparency; turbidity; dissolved oxygen; biochemical oxygen demand; phosphorus; nitrogen; total residues; and escherichia coli. Sediment were evaluated for pseudo-total concentrations of metals (Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Ba, V, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Li, Be, Cd, Hg, As, and Ag). The quality of water and sediment in the Jacuí's Delta are linked with the tributaries and priority flows of the channels. The historical data of water and sediment around the Jacuí's Delta shows the influence of the tributaries with low quality in the downstream points. The pollution of the rivers Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí negatively affects the environmental quality of the channel Navegantes and Lake Guaíba (catchment points to water supply). The water in those sites presents reductions in dissolved oxygen and high values of coliforms, and the sediment shows high concentrations of metal Zn, Pb, Cr, and Hg. Despite the reduction in Pb and Hg values in the sediment over the past years, pollution from the tributary rivers still persists.
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Allasia, D. G., R. Tassi, D. Bemfica, and J. A. Goldenfum. "Decreasing flood risk perception in Porto Alegre – Brazil and its influence on water resource management decisions." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 370 (June 11, 2015): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-189-2015.
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Abstract. Porto Alegre is the capital and largest city in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul in Southern Brazil with approximately 1.5 million inhabitants. The city lies on the eastern bank of the Guaiba Lake, formed by the convergence of five rivers and leading to the Lagoa dos Patos, a giant freshwater lagoon navigable by even the largest of ships. This river junction has become an important alluvial port as well as a chief industrial and commercial centre. However, this strategic location resulted in severe damage because of its exposure to flooding from the river system, affecting the city in the years 1873, 1928, 1936, 1941 and 1967. In order to reduce flood risk, a complex system of levees and pump stations was implemented during 1960s and 1970s. Since its construction, not a single large flood event occurred. However, in recent years, the levees in the downtown region of Porto Alegre were severally criticized by city planners and population. Several projects have been proposed to demolish the Mauá Wall due to the false perception of lack of flood risk. Similar opinions and reactions against flood infrastructure have been observed in other cities in Brazil, such as Itajaí and Blumenau, with disastrous consequences. This paper illustrates how the perception of flood risk in Porto Alegre has changed over recent years as a result of flood infrastructure, and how such changes in perceptions can influence water management decisions.
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Hanel, Samoel Nicolau, Armin Feiden, Alberto Feiden, Emerson Dechechi Chambó, Ana Paula da Silva Leonel, and Douglas André Roesler. "Physicalchemical Characteristics of Honey from Apicultural Production in the Paraná River Islands in Guaíra-PR/ Brazil." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 6, no. 6 (2019): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.6.6.29.
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de Luca, S. J., L. B. Milano, and C. N. Ide. "Rain and Urban Stormwater Quality." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1991): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0409.
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Aspects of the quality of rain and urban stormwater in the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre, Brazil, are presented. The results obtained in the survey show a significant occurrence of chemical and acid rain in the area. The data on urban drainage quality show that, besides contamined rain, other sources of pollution such as poor garbage collection, car exhaust, crankcase leakage, and badly done street cleaning, contribute to increase the pollution of the receiving body of water, the Guaiba river.
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Muñoz-López, Juliana, Juan Carlos Camargo-García, and Catalina Romero-Ladino. "Valuation of ecosystem services of guadua bamboo (Guadua angustifolia) forest in the southwestern of Pereira, Colombia." Caldasia 43, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.63297.
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Agriculture and urban expansion have caused fragmentation of the remaining forests located along the Otún and Consotá river watershed in the municipality of Pereira, Department of Risaralda, Colombia. These forests are dominated by the guadua bamboo species Guadua angustifolia Kunth, which provided raw material for different purposes and additionally fulfills important ecological functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate ecosystems services associated with these forests such as carbon storage, soil water storing capacity, and the financial feasibility related to guadua culms commercialization. The carbon storage was estimated from the aboveground biomass and soil organic matter; soil water storing capacity was associated with physical soil properties. Whereas the provisioning ecosystem service was assessed through a cost-benefit analysis performed with different production scenarios. The carbon stock was found to be 672.3 t C / ha (22 % in biomass and 78 % in the soil at a depth of 45 cm). The average soil water storing capacity was 292.4 m3 / ha. The cost-benefit analysis evidenced the financial feasibility for the scenarios when projected sales are more than 3 % than current. Bamboo forests provide ecosystem services that are yet another justification for better economic compensation and a medium to promote balance between ecosystem services and the financial situation of producers, who derive their incomes from its production.
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Li, Jun, and Ningsheng Chen. "The Model for Dilution Process of Landslide Triggered Debris Flow —A Case of Guanba River in Tibet Southeastern Plateau." Earth Sciences Research Journal 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v22n2.68177.
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Understanding and modeling the downstream dilution process of a landslide triggered debris flow is the foundation for recognizing the boundary condition and dilution mechanism of this type of debris flow, and this serves as the theoretical basis for the categorized control of viscous debris flows, diluted debris flows, hyperconcentration flows and flash floods in a drainage basin. In this study, taking as an example a typical debris flow that occurred in the Guanba River on Tibet’s southeastern plateau on July 6th, 1998, empirical models are used to calculate the density, water flow discharge, debris flow discharge, average depth of loose materials and channel gradient at 11 cross-sections upstream to downstream in the debris flow. On this basis, the dilution characteristics and debris flow dilution process are analyzed in this study. According to the correlation between the debris flow density and the water-soil ratio and channel gradient, we have established the density evaluation model for the debris flow dilution process, which can predict the dilution process of a landslide triggered debris flow. The study results include the following four aspects: (1) The key factors in the dilution process of landslide triggered debris flows are the water flow discharge, average depth of loose materials and channel gradient. (2) The debris flow dilution characteristics in the Guanba River in 1998 include the occurrence of the debris flow dilution process after a significant increase in the water-soil ratio; an increase in the proportion of fine particles after dilution of the debris flow; and the size distribution of grain is “narrowed.” (3) In accordance with the density and dilution characteristics, the debris flow dilution process in the Guanba River can be divided into the upstream viscous debris flow section, midstream and downstream transitional debris flow section and downstream diluted debris flow section. (4) The density evaluation model for the debris flow dilution process is expressed by the Lorentz equation, and this model can reflect the debris flow dilution process such that the debris flow density will decrease gradually with an increase in the water-soil ratio and decrease in channel gradient. The density evaluation model for the debris flow dilution process has been verified by three debris flow cases, which include Gaoqiao Gully, Haizi Valley, and Aizi Valley
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Carmiol-Umaña, Virginia. "Guadua bamboo In pedestrian bridges." Revista Tecnología en Marcha 29, no. 5 (April 6, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/tm.v29i5.2513.
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<p class="p1">When discussing pedestrian bridges, it is always useful to consider the latest work done in Colombia. These innovative constructions not only make it possible to cross rivers and roads, but also show how competitive this material is in ecological engineering. The spread of this type of construction throughout the country indicates that Guadua bamboo is already a part of Colombian culture, and that its fresh style is no longer associated only with poverty and social improvement projects. Furthermore, it shows that this material is a perfectly feasible option for a country such as ours, which is exposed to landslides, flooding and earthquakes. </p><p class="p1">Although pedestrian bridges were initially built to shorten distances and overcome natural barriers, during the last several decades they have also become necessary to safeguard pedestrians who have to walk in areas of very high urban growth. However, in spite of the existence of alternative solutions to the same problem, almost all such solutions are postponed, in that they normally involve a State investment. </p><p class="p1">This article addresses a construction technique which originated in South American indigenous populations. Although it was forgotten by several generations, this technique, which has been updated, has multiple benefits. By injecting concrete in bamboo internodes it is possible to build structures that are in harmony with current needs, as well as bridges with more lighting Most importantly, this makes low-impact construction accessible to small communities or private businesses with limited resources. </p>
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Kohn, Anna, Frantisek Moravec, Simone C. Cohen, Carla Canzi, Ricardo M. Takemoto, and Berenice M. M. Fernandes. "Helminths of freshwater fishes in the reservoir of the Hydroelectric Power Station of Itaipu, Paraná, Brazil." Check List 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.5.681.
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This study presents results from several expeditions in 1985, 1991-1995 and 2003 to the Medium Paraná River in the section that begins below the Itaipu Dam and ends at the trinational border of Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, in the lotic and lentic zones of the reservoir of the Hydroelectric Power Station of “Itaipu Binacional” (localities Foz do Iguaçu, Santa Helena and Guaira). Ninety-eight species of freshwater fishes belonging to 22 families were examined for helminths. A host-parasite list based on Acanthocephala, Cestoda, Digenea, Monogenea and Nematoda collected from the region in question is provided. New host records are presented for Digenea and Nematoda. The Monogenea and Acanthocephala are being studied and will be published in a later paper, but are referred in the host-parasite list, in order to demonstrate the parasitism in the fishes of the reservoir. The results are compared with those presented by other authors from the Upper Paraná River.
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BLANC, JACOB. "Itaipu's Forgotten History: The 1965 Brazil–Paraguay Border Crisis and the New Geopolitics of the Southern Cone." Journal of Latin American Studies 50, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 383–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x17000049.
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AbstractThis article chronicles the fifteen-month border conflict between the military regimes of Brazil and Paraguay that occurred between March of 1965 and June of 1966 – a stand-off that paved the way for the Itaipu project that would become the largest dam in the world. In the context of the 1960s Cold War, both governments saw a large-scale dam on the Paraná River as a means to catalyse industrialisation and strengthen the political legitimacy of their respective authoritarian regimes. Yet the border crisis was not a stand-off between equal powers. Brazil was the much stronger force, and, with the backing of the United States, the Brazilian dictatorship brought Paraguay firmly under its sphere of influence while also marginalising neighbouring Argentina. The border question at Guaíra served as a springboard for Brazil's rising power, and subsequently transformed the geopolitical landscape of the Southern Cone.
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Griscom, Bronson W., and P. Mark S. Ashton. "A self-perpetuating bamboo disturbance cycle in a neotropical forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 5 (July 27, 2006): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003361.
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We investigate a hypothesis for explaining maintenance of forest canopy dominance: bamboo (Guadua weberbaueri and Guadua sarcocarpa) loads and crushes trees, resulting in a self-perpetuating disturbance cycle. Forest inventory data revealed a peculiar pattern of tree form and size class distribution in bamboo-dominated plots within the Tambopata River watershed, Madre de Dios, Peru. Bamboo disproportionately loaded trees 5–29 cm in diameter, and this size class had over seven times more canopy damage than trees in control plots without bamboo. These differences were accompanied by reduced tree basal area and tree density in the 5–29-cm-diameter size class in the presence of bamboo. Elevated tree canopy damage was not apparent for trees ≥30 cm dbh, which are beyond the reach of bamboo. Additional evidence for the impact of bamboo was revealed by an experiment using artificial metal trees. Artificial trees in bamboo-dominated forest plots had nine times higher frequency of physical damage and nine times more plant mass loading as compared with control plots. Our results support the hypothesis that bamboo loading causes elevated physical damage to trees and suppresses tree recruitment, particularly for trees 5–29 cm in diameter.
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Galvão, Franklin, Cátia Regina Augustin, Gustavo Ribas Curcio, Nelson Cosmo, Carina Kozera, Bruno Polli Domanowski, and Alison Tadeu Sawczuk. "IMPACTO DE Guadua paraguayana SOBRE REMANESCENTE DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA ALUVIAL – UMA ABORDAGEM BIOGEOQUÍMICA." FLORESTA 42, no. 2 (May 14, 2012): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v42i2.19847.
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Guadua paraguayana Döll, um bambu nativo da porção meridional da América do Sul particularmente agressivo, está invadindo áreas de preservação permanente no segundo planalto paranaense, com supressão da vegetação instalada e modificações nos padrões de sucessão local. Após estabelecer sua autoecologia, para melhor avaliar seu impacto sobre um dos últimos remanescentes da Floresta Ombrófila Mista Aluvial (FOMA), principalmente na ciclagem de nutrientes e no fluxo de carbono orgânico para o ambiente, estudou-se a composição química da espécie, a produção e decomposição de serapilheira e a distribuição das raízes. A área em estudo (25º 13’20,8” S e 50º04’26,8” W, Ponta Grossa/PR) é uma planície de inundação degradada às margens do rio Tibagi. Os valores anuais de produção de serapilheira de G. paraguayana foram estimados em 7.500 kg/ha, com meia vida superior a 260 dias para os limbos e 360 dias para as bainhas foliares. No período analisado, as folhas retornaram ao ambiente 164,27 kg/ha de macronutrientes. Com base na concentração de carbono da folha, o fluxo de carbono orgânico da vegetação para o solo foi estimado em 2.800 kg/ha/ano. Em comparação com os valores de FOMA melhor preservada, a presença dominante desse bambu reduz a quantidade de nutrientes e de carbono devolvidos ao meio.Palavras-chave: Bambu; serapilheira; ciclagem de nutrientes. AbstractGuadua paraguayana’s impacts on a remaining of Subtropical Ombrophilous Alluvial Forest – a biogeochemistry approach. Guadua paraguayana Döll, a particularly aggressive native bamboo from the southern portion of South America, is invading permanent preservation areas located in the second plateau of Parana, causing suppression of the current vegetation and modifications in the local succession patterns. After determine its autecology, to better assess its impact on one of the last remaining of Subtropical Ombrophilous Alluvial Forest, mainly on nutrient cycling and organic carbon flux to the environment, it was studied the species’ chemical composition and the production and decomposition of litter, and roots distribution. The focused area (25º13’20.8” S and 50º04’26.8” W, Ponta Grossa-PR, BR) is a degraded floodplain of Tibagi river. The annual litter production values of G. paraguayana were estimated at 7,500kg/ha, with a half-life of more than 260 days for the bladesand 360 days for the sheaths. Within this period, the photosynthetic leaves returned to the environment (bars) 164.27kg/ha of macronutrients. Based on the concentration of carbon in the leaf, the flux of organic carbon from vegetation to soil was estimated at 2,800kg/ha/year. The dominant presence of bamboo in the area decreases the amount of carbon and nutrients returned to the environment, when confronted with Subtropical Ombrophilous Alluvial Forest better preserved. Keywords: Bamboo; litter; nutrient cycling.
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da Viola, Paulinho. "Samba beyond the parade." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 19 (July 23, 2020): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.19.09.
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In this interview, singer and songwriter Paulinho da Viola comments on the documentary Partido alto (1976–1982) and his friendship with director Leon Hirszman. He also describes the origins of partido-alto as a variety of samba, the transformations of samba schools in the 1960s and 70s and his relationship with audiovisual media during this time period, including the music documentary Saravah (Pierre Barouh, 1972) and televised music festivals. A crucial figure in the history of samba, Paulinho da Viola was born in Rio de Janeiro in 1942. As a son of a middle-class choro guitar player, he soon became interested in the samba that was played in the slums, most notably Samba School Portela in the Rio de Janeiro neighbourhood of Oswaldo Cruz. Paulinho’s career, which started in the 1960s and continues today, combines a plethora of vital song releases such as “Foi um rio que passou em minha vida” (“A River Broke into My Life”, 1970) and “Dança da solidão” (“The Dance of Loneliness”, 1972) that helped rejuvenate samba, with a political stance that vindicates the roots of this music genre as a popular community practice. In line with his political beliefs, in 1970 Paulinho used his popularity to endorse the first album by Velha Guarda da Portela, a band of senior singer-songwriters who had been marginalised by the music industry. In the mid-1970s, Paulinho became increasingly critical with the gradual commodification of samba and Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, to the point of breaking up with Portela Samba School when traditional composers, such as those from Velha Guarda, were ignored by the directorship. His involvement with Hirszman’s Partido alto was strongly attuned with that moment in his career, because partido-alto contains a variety of archaic, improvised samba that contrasts with commercial, commodified practices. He worked as a consultant, interviewer and narrator for that film, as well as a performer, alongside his admired colleagues from Velha Guarda da Portela.
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Agostinho, Angelo Antonio, Yasunobu Matsuura, Edson Kiyoshi Okada, and Keshiyu Nakatani. "The catfish, Rhinelepis aspera (Teleostei; Loricariidae), in the Guaíra region of the Paraná River: an example of population estimation from catch-effort and tagging data when emigration and immigration are high." Fisheries Research 23, no. 3-4 (June 1995): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(94)00347-y.
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Pereira, S., A. M. Ramos, J. L. Zêzere, R. M. Trigo, and J. M. Vaquero. "Spatial impact and triggering conditions of the exceptional hydro-geomorphological event of December 1909 in Iberia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 9 (September 29, 2015): 5805–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-5805-2015.
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Abstract. According to the DISASTER database the 20–28 December 1909 was the hydro-geomorphologic event with the highest number of flood and landslide cases occurred in Portugal in the period 1865–2010 (Zêzere et al., 2014). This event also caused important social impacts over the Spanish territory, especially in the Douro basin, having triggered the highest floods in more than 100 years at the river's mouth in the city of Oporto. This work aims to characterize the spatial distribution and social impacts of the December 1909 hydro-geomorphologic event over Iberia. In addition, the meteorological conditions that triggered the event are analysed using the 20 Century Reanalysis dataset from NOAA and precipitation data from Iberian meteorological stations. The Iberian Peninsula was spatially affected during this event along the SW-NE direction spanning from Lisbon, Santarém, Oporto and Guarda (in Portugal), until Salamanca, Valladolid, Zamora, Orense, León and Palencia (in Spain). In Iberia, 134 DISASTER cases were recorded (130 flood cases; 4 landslides cases) having caused a total of 89 casualties (57 in floods and 32 in landslides) and a total of 3876 people were affected, including fatalities, injured, missing, evacuated and homeless people. This event was associated with some outstanding precipitation values at Guarda station (Portugal) in 22 December 1909 and unusual meteorological conditions characterized by the presence of a deep low pressure system located over NW Iberian Peninsula with a stationary frontal system striking the Western Iberian Peninsula. The presence of an upper-level jet (250 hPa) and low-level jet (900 hPa) located on SW-NE oriented towards the Iberia along with upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence favoured large-scale precipitation. Finally, associated with these features it is possible to state that this extreme event was clearly associated to the presence of an elongated Atmospheric River, crossing the entire northern Atlantic basin and providing a continuous supply of moisture that contributed to enhance precipitation. This work contributes to a comprehensive and systematic synoptic evaluation of the second most deadly hydro-geomorphologic Disaster event occurred in Portugal since 1865 and will help to better understand the meteorological system that was responsible for triggering the event.
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Pereira, S., A. M. Ramos, J. L. Zêzere, R. M. Trigo, and J. M. Vaquero. "Spatial impact and triggering conditions of the exceptional hydro-geomorphological event of December 1909 in Iberia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 5, 2016): 371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-371-2016.
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Abstract. According to the DISASTER database the 20–28 December 1909 event was the hydro-geomorphologic event with the highest number of flood and landslide cases that occurred in Portugal in the period 1865–2010 (Zêzere et al., 2014). This event also caused important social impacts over the Spanish territory, especially in the Douro Basin, having triggered the highest floods in more than 100 years at the river's mouth in the city of Oporto. This work has a dual purpose: (i) to characterize the spatial distribution and social impacts of the December 1909 hydro-geomorphologic DISASTER event over Portugal and Spain; (ii) to analyse the meteorological conditions that triggered the event and the spatial distribution of the precipitation anomalies. Social impacts that occurred in Portugal were obtained from the Disaster database (Zêzere et al., 2014) whereas the data collection for Spain was supported by the systematic analysis of Spanish daily newspapers. In addition, the meteorological conditions that triggered the event are analysed using the 20th Century Reanalysis data set from NOAA and precipitation data from Iberian meteorological stations. The Iberian Peninsula was spatially affected during this event along the SW-NE direction spanning from Lisbon, Santarém, Oporto, and Guarda (in Portugal), to Salamanca, Valladolid, Zamora, Orense, León, and Palencia (in Spain). In Iberia, 134 DISASTER cases were recorded (130 flood cases; 4 landslides cases) having caused 89 casualties (57 due to floods and 32 due to landslides) and a further total of 3876 affected people, including fatalities, injured, missing, evacuated, and homeless people. This event was associated with outstanding precipitation registered at Guarda (Portugal) on 22 December 1909 and unusual meteorological conditions characterized by the presence of a deep low-pressure system located over the NW Iberian Peninsula with a stationary frontal system striking the western Iberian Peninsula. The presence of an upper-level jet (250 hPa) and low-level jet (900 hPa) located SW–NE oriented towards Iberia along with upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence favoured large-scale precipitation. Finally, associated with these features it is possible to state that this extreme event was clearly associated with the presence of an elongated Atmospheric River, crossing the entire northern Atlantic Basin and providing a continuous supply of moisture that contributed to enhance precipitation. This work contributes to a comprehensive and systematic synoptic evaluation of the second most deadly hydro-geomorphologic DISASTER event that has occurred in Portugal since 1865 and will help to better understand the meteorological system that was responsible for triggering the event.
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Hernández-Tlapale, Cristina, Juan Antonio De-Anda-Montañez, Armando Trasviña-Castro, Fausto Valenzuela-Quiñonez, James T. Ketchum, and Arturo Muhlia-Melo. "First record of vertical movements of the totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) as evidenced by pop-up satellite tags in the Upper Gulf of California." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419001188.
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AbstractThe description of the movements and habitat preference of marine fishes is essential to understand their biology and in the evaluation of commercially exploited species and the conservation of endangered ones. In this regard, little is known about the movements of the totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi), despite its being listed as critically endangered and having been a relevant fishery resource in the past century in Mexico. Totoaba is a fish species endemic to the Gulf of California characterized by late maturation, prolonged life and annual reproduction. Totoaba has maintained its known historical distribution range, although its movements and habitat occupancy in the water column have remained poorly understood. The present study describes, for the first time and at a daily fine scale, the vertical movements and habitat preferences of the totoaba in the Upper Gulf of California. Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were used to record depth and temperature at 4-minute intervals. Ten individuals were caught and tagged in May 2016 in the Upper Gulf of California and Colorado River Delta Biosphere Reserve. All PSATs were either prematurely released or lost. Data derived from two recovered tags that saved data for 43 and 75 tracking days, respectively, were analysed. The results showed that tagged fishes moved southward to the vicinity of Angel de la Guarda Island; these are consistent with spatial displacement patterns reported in the literature, with a linear displacement of 223 km from deployment to pop-up sites. Fish spent 47% of the time within a depth range of 25–35 m. Depth increased to 70 m for one fish in early summer (late June). The preferred temperature of fishes ranged between 21–23°C. A generalized linear model revealed that vertical movement was influenced by temperature. The vertical displacement of the totoaba shows a diurnal variation that may be associated with the distribution of its prey. Further work is needed to test this hypothesis with a larger number of organisms.
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Chaves, Óscar M., Vanessa B. Fortes, Gabriela P. Hass, Renata B. Azevedo, Kathryn E. Stoner, and Júlio César Bicca-Marques. "Flower consumption, ambient temperature and rainfall modulate drinking behavior in a folivorous-frugivorous arboreal mammal." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): e0236974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236974.
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Water is vital for the survival of any species because of its key role in most physiological processes. However, little is known about the non-food-related water sources exploited by arboreal mammals, the seasonality of their drinking behavior and its potential drivers, including diet composition, temperature, and rainfall. We investigated this subject in 14 wild groups of brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) inhabiting small, medium, and large Atlantic Forest fragments in southern Brazil. We found a wide variation in the mean rate of drinking among groups (range = 0–16 records/day). Streams (44% of 1,258 records) and treeholes (26%) were the major types of water sources, followed by bromeliads in the canopy (16%), pools (11%), and rivers (3%). The type of source influenced whether howlers used a hand to access the water or not. Drinking tended to be evenly distributed throughout the year, except for a slightly lower number of records in the spring than in the other seasons, but it was unevenly distributed during the day. It increased in the afternoon in all groups, particularly during temperature peaks around 15:00 and 17:00. We found via generalized linear mixed modelling that the daily frequency of drinking was mainly influenced negatively by flower consumption and positively by weekly rainfall and ambient temperature, whereas fragment size and the consumption of fruit and leaves played negligible roles. Overall, we confirm the importance of preformed water in flowers to satisfy the howler’s water needs, whereas the influence of the climatic variables is compatible with the ‘thermoregulation/dehydration-avoiding hypothesis’. In sum, we found that irrespective of habitat characteristics, brown howlers seem to seek a positive water balance by complementing the water present in the diet with drinking water, even when it is associated with a high predation risk in terrestrial sources.
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Erazo Solórzano, Cyntia, Diana Salazar Daza, Jaime Vera Chang, and Diego Tuárez García. "APLICACIÓN DE BACTERIAS ÁCIDO-LÁCTICAS PROVENIENTES DEL MUCILAGO DE CACAO COMO AGENTE DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LA PAPAYA." Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 24, no. 107 (December 24, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v24i107.412.
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El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la conservación de la papaya con aplicación de bacterias ácidos lácticas provenientes del mucilago de cacao, se utilizaron diferentes porcentajes de aplicación (0, 5, 10 %) por aspersión a temperatura ambiente 35°C, se valoró el cambio en las características físicas, químicas, y microbiológicas en un lapso de 14 días, el peso de la papaya fluctuó entre 1 – 1.4 kg, considerando una madurez de cosecha. Se realizó un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) con arreglo bifactorial AxB, para la comparación de medias de los tratamientos a estudiar se utilizó la prueba de rangos de Tukey al 5%. Las variables evaluadas (pH, pérdida de peso, acidez) dio como resultado que el tratamiento T9 (10% BAL; 14 Días) fue el que mantuvo mejores propiedades de almacenamiento transcurrido el tiempo de 14 días de conservación, el color de la fruta se mantuvo en niveles adecuados.
Palabras Clave: características sensoriales, frutas frescas, procesamiento de frutas, tiempo de vida útil.
Referencias
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[19]L. Konda et al., “InfluêncIa da atmosfera modIfIcada por fIlmes plástIcos sobre a qualIdade do mamão armazenado sob refrIgeração 1,” 2006.
[20]A. Castricini, “Aplicação de Revestimentos Comestíveis para Conservação de Mamões (Carica papaya L.) ‘Golden,’” UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURALDO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009.
[21]M. Mata, M. del C. Vásquez, N. Higinio, y D.Hernandéz, “Estudio comparativo de bio-recubrimientos a partir de Manihot esculenta y Phaseolus vulgarisempleadas como recubrimiento en uvas moradas,” Rev. Ciencias Ambient. y Recur. Nat., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 11–25, 2016.
[22]M. Maskan, “Microwave/air and microwave finish drying of banana,” J. Food Eng., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 71–78, 2000, doi: 10.1016/S0260-8774(99)00167-3.
[23]R. Torres, E. Montes, O. Pérez, y R. Andrade,“Relación del color y del estado de madurez con las propiedades fisicoquímicas de frutas tropicales,” Inf. Tecnológica, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 51–56, 2013, doi: 10.4067/S0718-07642013000300007.
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Ribeiro, Claudia, and Elenita Malta Pereira. "As Águas do Rio Caí como Guias: Encontro com Marcos Ambientais do Desenvolvimento Petroquímico Brasileiro." ILUMINURAS 21, no. 54 (September 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1984-1191.103572.
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Resumo: Apresentando estudo de dupla autoria, situamos nosso trabalho de campo de pesquisa interdisciplinar sobre a história de um projeto de desenvolvimento emblemático do Brasil, o III Polo Petroquímico, localizado em Triunfo, no Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de um dos esforços de compreensão dos embates ocorridos nas décadas de 1970 e 1980: em contexto de ditadura civil-militar, articulações sociais em vários municípios do complexo lagunar Guaíba-Laguna dos Patos resultaram na proteção dos mananciais utilizados para o abastecimento da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Em percurso imagético resultante de trabalho empírico, nossa narrativa ressalta, a partir do rio Caí, o manancial em cujas margens situa-se o empreendimento industrial, suas principais referências geográficas e históricas em relação ao aglomerado urbano. Como resultado, sublinhamos a necessidade da conservação e disponibilização pública dos importantes acervos documentais existentes, política fundamental para a continuidade e melhoria do funcionamento das estruturas de proteção ambiental constituídas nesse complexo industrial e em seus similares.Palavras-chave: Narrativa visual. Relato de campo. História ambiental. GUIDED BY THE RIVER CAÌ WATERS: MEETING THE ENVIRONMENTAL LANDMARKS OF THE BRAZILIAN PETROCHEMICAL DEVELOPMENT Abstract: Featuring dual authorship, we set forth our interdisciplinary field research on the history of an emblematic development project in Brazil, the III Petrochemical Polo, located in Triunfo, in Rio Grande do Sul. It is one of the efforts made to understand of the clashes that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s: in the context of the civil-military dictatorship, social articulations in several municipalities bordering the Guaíba-Laguna dos Patos lagoon complex resulted in the protection of the sources used to supply the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. In an imagery path enabled by empirical acquisitions, our narrative highlights, beginning with the River Caí, the source on whose margins is located the industrial complex, its main geographical and historical references in relation to the urban complex. Consequently, we emphasize the need for the conservation and public availability of the important existing documentary collections, a fundamental policy for ensuring the continuity and improved functioning of the environmental protection structures constituted in this industrial complex and other similar complexes.Key-words: Visual narrative. Field report. Environmental history
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Soares, Ana Paula Marcante. "O Pontal do Estaleiro: estudo etnográfico da memória do trabalho na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS." ILUMINURAS 13, no. 30 (August 15, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1984-1191.31446.
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A partir da experiência etnográfica no contexto urbano da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, propõe-se refletir a dinâmica espaço-temporal da memória do trabalho apoiando-se em narrativas biográficas de ex-trabalhadores de um antigo Estaleiro. Com base no estudo das redes de trabalho vinculadas à territorialidade da região da Orla do rio Guaíba, próximo ao Cristal, em Porto Alegre, RS, propõe-se investigar a rítmica e ressonâncias do fluxo das transformações urbanas nas suas relações com práticas de trabalho operário. Trata-se de pensar as continuidades e descontinuidades do tempo vivido de uma experiência de trabalho tida como singular sob o contexto de conformação e transformação dessa região da cidade. Pretende-se refletir sobre as transformações urbanas propostas recentemente para o Pontal pelo viés de trajetórias de trabalho e das dimensões simbólicas e materiais que esse território evoca. As reflexões aqui propostas perpassam as tensões representadas pelo fenômeno de crise experienciada pela comunidade de trabalho do Estaleiro com o encerramento das suas atividades e a recente destruição de suas ruínas. Palavras chave: Trabalho Operário. Memória. Cidade. Pontal do Estaleiro (Shipyard Point): an ethnographic study of the memories of employment work in the city of Porto Alegre, RS Abstract The study aims at reflecting the spatial temporal dynamics of the memories on work based on the ethnographic experience in the urban context of Porto Alegre – RS according to the biographic narratives of former workers employed at an extinct shipyard. Based on the work networks linked to the area of the Guaiba River waterfront, in the Cristal suburb of Porto Alegre, RS, the proposal is to investigate the rhythm and resonance of the flow of urban transformation in its relationship with work practices. It is a matter of thinking of the continuities and discontinuities of time seen through a work experience which was considered singular in the context of the conformation and transformation of this part of town. The idea is to reflect on the urban transformations that have been recently proposed for the Pontal, through work trajectories and the symbolic and material dimensions evoked by this area. The reflections proposed herein go beyond the tensions represented by the phenomenon of the crisis the Shipyard’s labor community was subjected to at the time it was closed down, and the recent razing of its ruins. Keywords: Work Labor. Memory. City.
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Isla, Federico Ignacio, and Elirio Ernestino Toldo Junior. "ENSO impacts on Atlantic watersheds of South America." Quaternary and Environmental Geosciences 4, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/abequa.v4i1-2.33032.
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Interannual changes in precipitation cause significant effects on the Pacific watersheds of South America. Large rivers flowing to the Atlantic Ocean as the Paraná and Uruguay are also influenced by ENSO-triggered floods causing significant impacts on the economies of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. At the same time, the floodplains of small rivers are also sensitive to strong ENSOs. Floods occur approximately simultaneously in subtropical watersheds of Brazil and high-latitude watersheds of North Patagonia. ENSO-triggered floods were recorded during the years 1941-42, 1982-83 and 1997-98. Several floods impacted along the Itajaí River affecting the higher (Blumenau city) and lower estuary (Itajaí city). The Guaiba River, at the headlands of Lagoa dos Patos, has repeatedly flooded Porto Alegre. At the Río de la Plata basin, significant increases in the discharges were assigned to the Paraná and the Uruguay rivers. The small basin of the Quequén Grande River without extended floodplains is subject to periodic failure of its margins. The Colorado River, the northern limit of Patagonia, is allochthonous and its watershed was artificial and progressively modified; the ENSO event of 1983 caused an increase in its salinity due to the sudden reactivation of the Desaguadero-Curacó system.
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Ribeiro, Elder Pereira. "GUARDA-CHUVA ETNOGRÁFICO." AntHropológicas Visual 3, no. 5 (February 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2526-3781.2018.239196.
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SINOPSE:Trata-se de uma série de fotografias que possuem o intuito de registrar variáveis lugares de Santo Amaro no Recôncavo Baiano. Estas imagens foram fotografadas na aula de campo do componente de Fotografia do CECULT-UFRB.Santo Amaro é uma cidade rica culturalmente, religiosamente e turisticamente, ainda se encontra em Santo Amaro os lugares de resquícios da cana de açucar e dos cafezais, também, é uma cidade com maior índice de terreiros de Candomblé da Bahia. Cidade de Caetano, Bethânia, Zilda Paim, Besouro Mangangá, Draº Elvira Queiroz, Teodoro Sampaio, Nicinha do Samba, entre outros.O artista plástico Emanuel Araújo, entre outras personalidades que tornaram famosa a terra morena do valente mestre capoeirista Besouro Cordão de Ouro e do mestre do maculelê, Popó. A poetisa Mabel Velloso, outra ilustre santamarense, define Santo Amaro como “pedacinho mais antigo do Recôncavo Baiano. Do seu massapê nasceram as canas mais doces e as mais doces estórias.O Rio Subaé é alvo das catástrofres ambientais, o caso da poluição do chumbo em todo parte da cidade. Tempos sombrios, onde muitos foram mortos e outros ainda conseguem trabalhar para manter o seu sustento, isto é, sobreviver.O Bembé do Mercado é o único candomblé de rua do mundo que é realizado na cidade Santo Amaro-BA. Vai e volta à memória nunca será apagada! SINOPSIS:It is a series of photographs that intend to record variable places of Santo Amaro in the Recôncavo Baiano. These images were photographed in the field lesson of the Photography component of CECULT-UFRB.Santo Amaro is a culturally, religiously and touristically rich city. Santo Amaro is still home to the remnants of sugar cane and coffee plantations. It is also a city with the highest number of candomblé terreiros in Bahia. City of Caetano, Bethânia, Zilda Paim, Besouro Mangangá, Draº Elvira Queiroz, Teodoro Sampaio, Nicinha do Samba, among others.The plastic artist Emanuel Araújo, among other personalities who made famous the brown land of the brave capoeirista master Beet Cordão de Ouro and the master of the maculelê, Popó. The poet Mabel Velloso, another illustrious Santamarine, defines Santo Amaro as "the oldest piece of the Recôncavo Baiano. From his massapé were born the sweetest reeds and the sweetest stories.The Subaé River is the target of environmental catastrophes, the case of lead pollution in all parts of the city. Dark times, where many were killed and others still manage to work to maintain their livelihood, that is, to survive.O Bembé do Mercado é o único candomblé de rua do mundo que é realizado na cidade Santo Amaro-BA. Vai e volta à memória nunca será apagada! Palabras-chave:santo amaro; cidade; cultura; comunidadeKey-words:holy amaro; City; culture; communit Ficha técnica:Autora:Elder Pereira RibeiroFotografias: Elder Pereira RibeiroDireção, Edição de Imagem e Texto: Elder Pereira Ribeiro Ficha técnica:Author:Elder Pereira RibeiroPhotos:Elder Pereira RibeiroDirection:Elder Pereira Ribeiro
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Ramírez-Díaz, Fernando, and Juan Carlos Camargo-García. "Floristic structure and composition of Guadua forests in the Colombian coffee region1." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 49 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632019v4955425.
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ABSTRACT In the coffee region (900-2,000 m a.s.l.) of the Colombian Andes, the forest remnants correspond mainly to fragments dominated by the bamboo species Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Guadua). These highly fragmented forests are found in landscapes with a high degree of transformation due to the agricultural activity and urban expansion. With the purpose of contributing to the knowledge of the ecological characteristics of these forests, the floristic structure and composition (alpha, beta and gamma diversity) of seven forest fragments located in the middle (Quindío) and lower basins of the La Vieja river (Risaralda) were studied. A total of 70,961 individuals and 172 species belonging to 54 families were found. Fifty percent of the families were represented by only one species, and the families Araceae and Leguminosae showed the highest taxonomic richness, respectively with 21 and 14 species. The diversity indices for these forests revealed values comparable to those of tropical forest ecosystems (Shannon-Weiner values between 3,167 and 3,798). Likewise, the cluster analysis (based on Euclidean distances) showed that the stands present a similarity below 0.65 (65 %), associated with the 35 species reported, in seven fragments that characterize a varied floristic composition. This finding implies that these fragments should not be seen as isolated units, but as sites embedded in a diverse regional landscape. This represents important habitats for these species, which are capable of maintaining significant levels of diversity, even under management conditions.
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Navia, Heriberto J. Rangel, Jose Alejandro Gutierrez Sandoval, and Maira Alejandra Jimenez Rocha. "MEDICIÓN ANTROPOMETRIA OROFACIAL DEL CRECIMIENTO TRANSVERSO DE LA MANDIBULA." REVISTA CIENTÍFICA SIGNOS FÓNICOS 2, no. 3 (October 25, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v3.n3.2016.2033.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: Evaluar la existencia de relaciones estadísticas entre las medidas antropométricas orofaciales de los vectores de crecimiento mandibular anteroposterior y vertical con un patrón de medición en sentido transversal, es el propósito de este estudio. MÉTODOS: Medidas antropométricas orofaciales para los vectores de crecimiento mandibular propuestas por Rangel, Albarracín, Rivera, Mogollón & Mantilla, incluyendo una medida adicional para valorar el crecimiento transverso; entre los ángulos mandibulares; a través del uso del parquímetro. El estudio de tipo censal a 74 sujetos entre 2 y 5 años de edad. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través de las correlaciones canónicas. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron relaciones de inferencia entre Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y las medidas de Rangel, Albarracín, Rivera, Mogollón & Mantilla, sin embargo, la evaluación del crecimiento transversal no mostró relaciones significativas ni con IMC, ni con las demás medidas. Se reportan las medianas por edad para el crecimiento mandibular. ANÁLISIS Y DISCUSIÓN: En el rango etario evaluado el crecimiento transverso de la mandíbula no guarda relación con las demás medidas mandibulares. Se observa mayor desarrollo del hemicuerpo derecho de la mandíbula, posiblemente asociados a los hábitos masticatorios, los cuales deben ser estudiados para profundizar en este aspecto. CONCLUSIONES: El crecimiento transverso de la mandíbula antes de la erupción de los molares no puede ser usado como índice de crecimiento mandibular o de simetría facial para la evaluación en Motricidad Orofacial y Terapia Miofuncional.
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Vectore Pavanin, Erich, Maria Lígia Chuerubim, and Bruno De Oliveira Lázaro. "GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO AO ESTUDO DE VULNERABILIDADE DO SOLO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO GUARIBAS EM UBERLÂNDIA-MG." REEC - Revista Eletrônica de Engenharia Civil 13, no. 2 (April 5, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/reec.v13i2.42460.
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RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo acerca da aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento na definição e caracterização dos graus de vulnerabilidade geotécnica do solo na Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Guariba em Uberlândia – MG. Observou-se, na área de estudo, ser necessário o estabelecimento de ferramentas de planejamento e gestão territorial que possibilitassem analisar e verificar o impacto da ocupação antrópica nas margens de córregos urbanos frente à ocorrência de processos erosivos. Desta maneira, o uso de geotecnologias, como o Sensoriamento Remoto, inseriu-se neste tipo de trabalho como sendo um mecanismo indispensável ao planejamento urbano, dado possibilitar, mediante a utilização de imagens de satélite e ferramentas de processamento digital, o mapeamento e caracterização geotécnica das bacias hidrográficas localizadas no Brasil. Nesta perspectiva, foram utilizadas neste trabalho imagens de softwares livres do ano de 2013, bem como as ferramentas de processamento digital de imagens SPRINGS e AUTOCAD, com o intuito de identificar as classes de uso e ocupação do solo da área de estudo, a declividade da região, os tipos de materiais inconsolidados (solo) e a profundidade do nível d’água local. A partir do estabelecimento destes quatro planos de informação, utilizou-se o método de Análise de Multicritérios, denominado também AHP (Analystic Hierarchy Process), para correlacionar os dados obtidos e elaborar o mapa de vulnerabilidade do solo. Assim, este trabalho contribui para promover o diagnóstico da vulnerabilidade do solo à erosão na Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Guaribas em Uberlândia-MG e para a utilização deste dado como ferramenta de suporte no planejamento urbano sustentável. ABSTRACT: This paper presents a study on the application of GIS techniques to define and characterize the degree of geotechnical soil vulnerability in Guaribas Stream Water Basin in Uberlândia - MG. It was observed in the study area, be necessary to establish planning and land use management tools that make possible to analyze and verify the impact of human occupation on the banks of urban streams across the occurrence of erosion. Thus, the use of geo-technologies, such as remote sensing, inserted in this type of work as an indispensable mechanism to urban planning, as possible, through the use of satellite images and digital processing tools, mapping and geotechnical characterization river basins located in Brazil. In this perspective, we were used in this study of 2013 years of free software images, as well as the digital processing tools SPRINGS and AUTOCAD images, in order to identify the classes of use and land cover in the study area, the slope of the region, the types of unconsolidated material (ground) level and the depth d local water. From the establishment of these four planes of information, we used the Multicriteria Analysis method, also called AHP (Analystic Hierarchy Process) to correlate the data and prepare the vulnerability map of erosion in the catchment area of Guaribas Stream. In that way, this work helps to promote the diagnosis of soil vulnerability to erosion in the Basin Guaribas stream in Uberlândia-MG and to use this data as a support tool for sustainable urban planning.