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Journal articles on the topic 'River sediments - South Africa - Eastern Cape'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Adeniji, A. O., O. O. Okoh, and A. I. Okoh. "Petroleum Hydrocarbon Fingerprints of Water and Sediment Samples of Buffalo River Estuary in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2629365.

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Petroleum hydrocarbon status of the Buffalo River Estuary in East London, South Africa, was evaluated from January to May, 2016. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from five points in the estuary and extracted using standard methods. The extracts were subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Results showed that total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) varied from 7.65 to 477 μg/L in the water and 12.59 to 1,100 mg/kg in the sediments, with mean values of 146.50 ± 27.96 μg/L and 209.81 ± 63.82 mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations of TPH in the sediments correlated significantly with organic carbon (OC) in both seasons. TPH and OC levels were slightly lower in summer than in autumn in the two environmental matrices, and the average amount of TPH in the water samples collected from all the sampling stations was generally lower than the EU standard limit of 300 μg/L. However, the levels in the sediments exceeded the EGASPIN target value (50 mg/kg) for mineral oil but were below the intervention value (5,000 mg/kg), indicating a serious impact of industrial growth and urbanization on the area, although the n-alkane ratios and indexes used for source tracking revealed excessive flow from both natural and anthropogenic sources.

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2

Ntloko, Phindiwe, Carolyn G. Palmer, Frank C. Akamagwuna, and Oghenekaro N. Odume. "Exploring Macroinvertebrates Ecological Preferences and Trait-Based Indicators of Suspended Fine Sediment Effects in the Tsitsa River and Its Tributaries, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Water 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060798.

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The taxonomy-based response pattern of macroinvertebrates to sediment stress is well established, with tolerant taxa increasing in impacted conditions, while sensitive taxa decrease along a deteriorating water quality gradient. However, the distribution patterns of traits in response to environmental stress gradient, including suspended sediments, remain unclear, particularly in Africa, where trait-based studies are under-explored. We examined the distribution patterns of macroinvertebrate traits along a suspended sediment stress gradient and identified tolerant and sensitive traits for suspended sediment stress. We sampled macroinvertebrates and environmental variables seasonally in winter, spring, summer and autumn of 2016 to 2018 in eight selected sites in the Tsitsa River and its tributaries. We selected 12 traits and ecological preferences, resolved them into 47 trait attributes, and analysed them using the RLQ and fourth-corner analyses. Our results revealed that macroinvertebrate traits and ecological preferences were differentially influenced by fine suspended sediments in the Tsitsa River and its tributaries. Traits such as a preference for CPOM, collector-filtering, and a high sensitivity to oxygen depletion, were deemed sensitive to suspended sediments stress, exhibiting positive associations with the control sites, and negatively associated with any of the environmental parameters (sediment grain sizes, turbidity, TSS and EC). Tolerant indicator traits included a high tolerance of oxygen depletion, skating and a preference for FPOM. The fourth-corner analysis results indicated that suspended fine sediment grain sizes, (including coarse sand, fine silt and clay) were the most important variables influencing macroinvertebrate trait distribution patterns during the dry season, while gravel, mud and medium sand were more important during the wet season. Overall, our study provided critical insights towards trait-based responses of macroinvertebrates communities to suspended sediment stress, key information that could stimulate the development of macroinvertebrate trait-based biomonitoring tools for the assessment of suspended sediment stress in the Afrotropical region.

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3

DOLLAR, E. S. J., and K. M. ROWNTREE. "HYDROCLIMATIC TRENDS, SEDIMENT SOURCES AND GEOMORPHIC RESPONSE IN THE BELL RIVER CATCHMENT, EASTERN CAPE DRAKENSBERG, SOUTH AFRICA." South African Geographical Journal 77, no. 1 (April 1995): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1995.9713585.

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4

DE MOOR, FERDINAND C., and TERENCE A. BELLINGAN. "Evaluation of the conservation requirements of Trichoptera from the Tsitsikamma mountain streams in South Africa." Zoosymposia 14, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.17.

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A four-season survey of Trichoptera between April 2008 and January 2009, from 20 sites in 11 rivers flowing off the Tsitsikamma mountains in the Eastern and Western Cape, collected 42,683 adults and 6741 larvae, comprising 48 species in 22 genera and 12 families. Trichoptera were the numerically dominant freshwater macroinvertebrate taxon. Of the species collected, 15 are recognised regional Cape Floristic Realm (CFR) endemics. Some specimens of Trichoptera that could not be recognised as described species are now the subject of further studies. Distinct differences between rivers, in terms of species composition of Trichoptera, were noted. The variation in species composition can be partially explained by the physicochemical and ecological attributes of the rivers surveyed. Anthropogenic disturbances were noted in most of the lower reaches of the rivers. The upper reaches of the rivers could be statistically grouped together and thus be considered as a unit for conservation. The highest diversity, 25 species, was recorded from the pristine upper reaches of the Bobbejaans River. An evaluation of conservation requirements identified a number of threats: increased loads of fine sediment and nutrients, higher water temperature regimes, and changes to pH, from the natural acid (pH < 5.5) to neutral or alkaline conditions. Changes in any of these would be detrimental to the survival of many of the endemic Trichoptera in the CFR, and all of these changes would be exacerbated by decreased water-flow volumes. It is thus important to limit the levels of water abstraction from these rivers: to ensure the maintenance of cool temperature and acidic pH regimes while limiting nutrient levels in the rivers. To maintain conservation of the lower reaches of the rivers it is recommended that an ecologically-functional continuity with upstream reaches is maintained to enable the occupation of all zones of the rivers with a diversity of CFR freshwater endemic species. Some CFR Trichoptera were selected as indicators of favourable conditions for the survival and maintenance of viable populations of other CFR-endemic freshwater species.

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5

Akamagwuna, Frank Chukwuzuoke, Paul Kojo Mensah, Chika Felicitas Nnadozie, and Oghenekaro Nelson Odume. "Trait‐based responses of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera to sediment stress in the Tsitsa River and its tributaries, Eastern Cape, South Africa." River Research and Applications 35, no. 7 (June 11, 2019): 999–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3458.

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6

Cloete, E. C., and R. A. Lubke. "Flora of the Kap River Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Bothalia 29, no. 1 (September 30, 1999): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v29i1.585.

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A detailed analysis ot the flora of the newly proclaimed Kap River Reserve (600 ha) is given. The reserve is adjacent to the Fish River and some 5 km from the Fish River Mouth It consists of a coastal plateau up to 100 m a.s.I. which is steeply dissected by the two rivers that partially form the boundary of the reserve. The flora of the reserve was sampled over a period o f three years and plants were collected in all the vegetation types of grassland, thicket and forest. 488 species were collected with a species to family ratio of 4:4. The majority of the taxa recorded represent the major phytochoria of the region. Nineteen species are endemic to the Eastern Cape, two are classed as vulnerable, five are rare, six are protected and a further seventeen are of uncertain status. The flora of the Kap River has closest affinities to that of the Alexandria Forest.

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7

Rowntree, Kate M., and Evan S. J. Dollar. "Vegetation controls on channel stability in the Bell River, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 24, no. 2 (February 1999): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199902)24:2<127::aid-esp944>3.0.co;2-3.

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8

PERKINS, PHILIP D. "New species and new collection records of Prosthetopine water beetles from southern Africa (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)." Zootaxa 1864, no. 1 (September 3, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1864.1.1.

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New species of Hydraenidae are described in the genera Prosthetops Waterhouse (1), Pterosthetops Perkins (1), Parasthetops Perkins & Balfour-Browne (13), and Mesoceration Janssens (24). New collecting locality data are given for the following species described by Perkins & Balfour-Browne (1994): Parasthetops aeneus, P. nigritus, P. spinipes, P. curidius, Mesoceration distinctum, M. rivulare, M. jucundum, M. splendorum, M. rubidum, M. fusciceps, M. languidum, M. dissonum, M. rufescens, and M. brevigranum. High resolution digital images of the holotypes of new species are presented (online version in color), and male genitalia are illustrated. Distribution maps are provided for all prosthetopine species in the genera Prosthetops, Pterosthetops, Parasthetops, and Mesoceration. The following 39 new species are described (type locality in South Africa unless otherwise given): Prosthetops gladiator (Eastern Cape Province, summit of Prentjiesberg); Pterosthetops hawequas (Western Cape Province, Hawaquas radio tower); Parasthetops benefossus(Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm), P. buunicornus (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. confluentus (Eastern Cape Province, Little Karroo, Baviaanskloof N valley), P. lemniscus (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. namibiensis (Namibia: Windhoek, Eros Mt.), P. pampinus (Western Cape Province, Dorps River into Prins Albert, Swartbergpas), P. parallelus (Northern Cape Province, Richtersveld, Oemsberg), P. propitius (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. retinaculus (Eastern Cape Province, Sundays River system, Letskraal), P. sebastiani (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. semiplanus (Eastern Cape Province, Sundays River system, Letskraal), P. striatus (Northern Cape Province, Namaqualand, Kamieskroon), P. unicornus (Eastern Cape Province, Naudes Nek, 12 miles ENE Rhodes); Mesoceration barriotum (Western Cape Province, Cape-Swartberg, Seweweekspoort Kloof), M. bicurvum (Eastern Cape Province, Wildebees River), M. bispinum (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Weza, Impetyene Forest), M. compressum (Eastern Cape Province, S. coast, Dwesa forest reserve), M. concavum (Mpumalanga Province, Blyderiver Canyon), M. curvosum (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Umtamvuna River), M. disjunctum (Eastern Cape Province, Nature's Valley Reserve), M. drakensbergensis (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. durabilis (Western Cape Province, 2 miles SW of Citrusdal), M. granulovestum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. incarinum (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. integer (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Busheladi Stream on Lundy's Hill near Deepdale), M. littlekarroo (Western Cape Province, Little Karroo, Rus-en-vredewaterf), M. longipennis (Western Cape Province, W. Wiedouw farm), M. maluti (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. natalensis (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Umkomaas River, where crossed by Himeville to Impendhle road), M. periscopum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. piceum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. rapidensis (Western Cape Province, S. W. Cape Mts., Hawequas SE), M. repandum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. reticulatum (Western Cape Province, Nuweberg Forest Station), M. semicarinulum (Western Cape Province, Groot Toren farm), M. tabulare (Western Cape Province, Platteklip Gorge, north face of Table Mountain), M. umbrosum (Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm).

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9

Wasserman, RJ, LL Pereira-da-Conceicoa, NA Strydom, and OLF Weyl. "Diet ofAnguilla mossambica(Teleostei, Anguillidae) elvers in the Sundays River, Eastern Cape, South Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 37, no. 3 (November 2012): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2012.692320.

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10

Oliver, E. G. H., and I. M. Oliver. "Three new species of Erica (Ericaceae) from Western Cape, South Africa." Bothalia 30, no. 2 (September 25, 2000): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v30i2.552.

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Three new species of Erica L. from the mountains of Western Cape, South Africa, are described. E. rustieula E.G.H.Oliv. with an indehiscent fruit, is confined to sandy places in the eastern Cold Bokkeveld. E humidicola E.G.H.Oliv. is a highly localized endemic in seepages in the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve and E rimarum E.G.H.Oliv. is restricted to rock faces at high altitudes in the Hex River Mountains.

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11

Grecksch, K. "Adaptive capacity and water governance in the Keiskamma River Catchment, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Water SA 41, no. 3 (April 23, 2015): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i3.07.

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12

Ngcaba, Pelisa, and Alfred Maroyi. "Floristic Composition and Diversity in Tsitsa River Catchment Area, the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Journal of Biological Sciences 17, no. 6 (August 1, 2017): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2017.288.297.

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13

Kgopa, A. H., S. I. Bulani, B. S. Wilhelmi, and J. M. Brand. "Antioxidant activity of selected plants of the Great Fish River Reserve,Eastern Cape, South Africa." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 27, no. 2 (August 11, 2010): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2010.503581.

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14

Mayekiso, M., and T. Hecht. "Age and growth ofSandelia bainsiiCastelnau (Pisces: Anabantidae) in the Tyume River, Eastern Cape (South Africa)." South African Journal of Zoology 23, no. 4 (January 1988): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1988.11448115.

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15

ROWNTREE, K. M., and E. S. J. DOLLAR. "CONTROLS ON CHANNEL FORM AND CHANNEL CHANGE IN THE BELL RIVER, EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA." South African Geographical Journal 78, no. 1 (April 1996): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1996.9713603.

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16

Yahaya, Abdulrazaq, Omobola O. Okoh, Foluso O. Agunbiade, and Anthony I. Okoh. "Occurrence of phenolic derivatives in Buffalo River of Eastern Cape South Africa: Exposure risk evaluation." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 171 (April 2019): 887–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.037.

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17

Angwenyi, Daniel, Martin Potgieter, and James Gambiza. "Community perceptions towards nature conservation in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Nature Conservation 43 (February 23, 2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.57935.

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Relationships between protected area managers and adjacent communities, as well as communities’ attitudes, views and perceptions of these areas, are critical for the success of conservation efforts. It is important for protected area managers and administrators to understand how local communities view these areas and their management, so that they can build sustainable working rel ationships. This paper is based on a survey of 375 semi-structured questionnaires administered to household heads, living at distances ranging from the edge of the reserves to 50 km away from the reserve boundary across the Great Fish River, Mkambati, Hluleka, and Tsolwana nature reserves in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The paper provides a longitudinal assessment of households’ knowledge about the role of reserves and the reserves’ impacts on livelihood assets. In addition to households’ knowledge about the role of reserves, the paper also provides an assessment of people’s attitudes towards their location and management, as well as views on the best way to manage the reserves. For 79% of community members, reserves were important as they were seen to conserve biodiversity and valuable ecological systems necessary for sustaining life. Most (75%) respondents indicated that closely located reserves gave them opportunities to learn about nature conservation and to subsidize their incomes through tourism ventures. However, 58% had a problem with reserves’ staff, due to restrictions on resource use, which negatively impacted their livelihoods. Over half (51%) of the households argued that sustainable conservation can only be achieved through an integrated approach where conservation and local communities’ needs are given equal weight. We concluded that reserve managers should look at communities as active partners in the management of protected areas if sustainable conservation objectives are to be realised.

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18

van Wijk, Yvette, Madelon L. Tusenius, Renee Rust, Richard M. Cowling, and Sarah Wurz. "Modern vegetation at the Klasies River archaeological sites, Tsitsikamma coast, south-eastern Cape, South Africa: a reference collection." Plant Ecology and Evolution 150, no. 1 (April 7, 2017): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1286.

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19

Snijman, D. A. "A new Cyrtanthus species(Amaryllidaceae: Cyrtantheae) endemic to the Albany Centre, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Bothalia 33, no. 2 (September 9, 2003): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v33i2.442.

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Cyrtanthus macmasteri Snijman is a rare new species from the Albany Centre of endemism. Eastern Cape. South Africa. Most closely related to C. galpinii Baker, and autumn-flowering species with a single or rarely-flowered inflorescence from the northern regions of southern Africa. C macmasteri is distinguished by a 3 to 6-flowered inflorescence. It grows on steep banks of the Great Kei River and its tributaries and flowers in summer.

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20

Odume, ON, CG Palmer, FO Arimoro, and PK Mensah. "Influence of selected biotopes on chironomid-based bioassessment of the Swartkops River, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Water SA 41, no. 3 (April 23, 2015): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i3.06.

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21

Niba, AS, and SP Mafereka. "Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage composition and distribution pattern in the upper Mthatha River, Eastern Cape, South Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 40, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2015.1028323.

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22

Palmer, Robert W., and Jay H. O'Keeffe. "Downstream effects of impoundments on the water chemistry of the Buffalo River (Eastern Cape), South Africa." Hydrobiologia 202, no. 1-2 (August 1990): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02208128.

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23

HENDRIXSON, BRENT E., and JASON E. BOND. "A new species of Stasimopus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), with notes on its natural history." Zootaxa 619, no. 1 (August 27, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.619.1.1.

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A new species of ctenizid trapdoor spider is described, Stasimopus mandelai sp. nov., from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This species occurs syntopically with S. schoenlandi Pocock and a number of other mygalomorph spiders at the Great Fish River Nature Reserve. Illustrations, photographs, and additional notes on burrow architecture and general natural history are provided.

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24

Odume, Oghenekaro Nelson, and Ntombekhaya Mgaba. "Statistical analysis of macroinvertebrate assemblage structure in relation to river-health assessment of an urban river, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 19, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 420–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2016.1255098.

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25

Jumbam, Ndze Denis, E. Georges-Ivo Ekosse, and John Steele. "Chemical characterisation of argillaceous sediments used for traditional pottery around Port St Johns, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 68, no. 3 (November 2013): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0035919x.2013.822437.

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26

Jaarsveld, Ernst J. Van. "Cotyledon woodiisubsp.Cremnophila, a New Cliff Dwelling Taxon from the Kei River, Eastern Cape, Republic of South Africa." Haseltonia 21 (December 2015): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/026.021.0111.

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27

Gyedu-Ababio, T. K. "Pollution Status of Two River Estuaries in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, based on Benthic Meiofauna Analyses." Journal of Water Resource and Protection 03, no. 07 (2011): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2011.37057.

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28

Mills, A. J., R. M. Cowling, D. Steyn, J. Spekreijse, D. Van den Broeck, S. Weel, and C. Boogerd. "Portulacaria afra is constrained under extreme soil conditions in the Fish River Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa." South African Journal of Botany 77, no. 3 (August 2011): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2010.12.008.

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29

Odume, ON, CG Palmer, FO Arimoro, and PK Mensah. "Patterns of chironomid body-size distribution in an effluent-impacted river in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 39, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2014.982498.

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30

Chigor, Vincent N., Timothy Sibanda, and Anthony I. Okoh. "Variations in the physicochemical characteristics of the Buffalo River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185, no. 10 (May 2, 2013): 8733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3208-1.

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31

Odume, Oghenekaro Nelson, Carolyn G. Palmer, Francis O. Arimoro, and Paul K. Mensah. "Chironomid assemblage structure and morphological response to pollution in an effluent-impacted river, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Ecological Indicators 67 (August 2016): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.001.

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32

Hattingh, Johan. "Fluvial response to allocyclic influences during the development of the lower Sundays River, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Quaternary International 33 (January 1996): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(95)00100-x.

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33

Moodley, Nerave, Graham Moore, and David Wylie. "A Case Study of the Retrofitting of the Great Fish River Bridge." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 10006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819910006.

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In developing countries and economies such as South Africa, retrofitting is a vital tool to maximise and extend the service life of existing infrastructure. The transportation sector plays a pivotal role in stimulating economic growth, and retrofitting existing bridges to meet the growing capacity needs of South Africa’s roads supports continued economic growth and development. This paper outlines the technical and practical challenges encountered and the solutions developed by the design team to retrofit the existing 215 m long, 9-span, Great Fish River Bridge in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. These challenges included jacking up the existing bridge under traffic loading to replace 108 existing bearings and erecting 32.5t precast beams at heights of 10.5m above a major river whilst accommodating high volumes of traffic on a busy National road.

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34

Lotter, Matt Geoffrey, and Kathleen Kuman. "The Acheulean in South Africa, with announcement of a new site (Penhill Farm) in the lower Sundays River Valley, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Quaternary International 480 (June 2018): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.08.065.

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35

Veldsman, Stephan. "Description of four new Nataliamarginella and one Punctamarginella species (Marginellidae: Marginella), from the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Festivus 53, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54173/f533210.

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Five new species in the genus Marginella from the Eastern Cape, South Africa are described. Four species in the subgenus Nataliamarginella S.G. Veldsman, 2017: M. (N.) mbasheensis n. sp., M. (N.) mlambomkuluensis n. sp., M. (N.) mtataensis n. sp., and M. (N.) muratovi n. sp.; and one species in the subgenus Punctamarginella S.G.Veldsman, 2017 M. (P.) transovula n. sp. The new species are compared to their closest congeners within their respective subgenus with regards to their shell morphological features and locality. The species described here are all found deep water (50-550 m) along the central-northern Eastern Cape, between the Great Kei River (50 km north of East London) and Mbotyi (25 km north of Port St. Johns), South Africa, a portion of the 34 6region previously known as Transkei. Most of the closest congeners regarding shell morphology are found in KwaZulu-Natal at least 70 km north-east and further, with a region previously named Pondoland separating them. Very few Marginella species are adapted to live in the specific habitat of the Pondoland region.

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36

Rosen, Deborah Z., Colin A. Lewis, and Peter M. Illgner. "PALAEOCLIMATIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ORGANIC- RICH SEDIMENTS AT TIFFTIDELL SKI RESORT, NEAR RHODES, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 54, no. 2 (January 1999): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00359199909520630.

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37

Lee, DE, and M. Du Preez. "A demand-based management option to address boat congestion at the Sundays River Estuary, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Water SA 41, no. 4 (July 29, 2015): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i4.18.

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38

Lee, Deborah, Stephen G. Hosking, and Mario Du Preez. "Valuing user preferences for improvements in public nature trails around the Sundays River Estuary, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v9i1.28.

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Many valuations have been made of changes to in-estuary attributes, but few have been made of out-of-estuary attributes. From a recreation perspective, an important type of out-of-estuary attribute is the availability of public paths by which to access attractive features of the estuary environment. This paper values an improvement in the level of public access in the form of an additional nature trail along the banks of the Sundays River Estuary in the Eastern Cape, but does not compare this value with the costs. By means of choice experiment modelling analyses it is estimated that in 2010 the marginal willingness to pay for an investment in a nature trail was R34 per user per annum. In order to determine whether the development of this trail is efficient, this benefit (R34 per user per annum) needs to be compared to the cost of the development, an analysis that remains to be done. However, this finding does serve to provide guidance on how much funding could efficiently be allocated to such a development – about ZAR1.22 million, assuming a social discount rate of 8.38%.

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Muller, Cuen, Olaf LF Weyl, and Nadine A. Strydom. "Introduction, establishment and spread of the Southern mouthbrooder Pseudocrenilabrus philander in the Baakens River, Eastern Cape, South Africa." African Zoology 50, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2015.1058187.

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Wasserman, Ryan J., Tim J. F. Vink, Darragh J. Woodford, and P. William Froneman. "Spawning and nest guarding of the river goby (Glossogobius callidus) from the Eastern Cape province of South Africa." African Journal of Ecology 53, no. 4 (July 17, 2015): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12228.

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Weyl, P. SR, F. C. de Moor, M. P. Hill, and O. LF Weyl. "The effect of largemouth bassMicropterus salmoideson aquatic macro-invertebrate communities in the Wit River, Eastern Cape, South Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 35, no. 3 (December 24, 2010): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2010.540776.

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Holmes, M., and JC Taylor. "Diatoms as water quality indicators in the upper reaches of the Great Fish River, Eastern Cape, South Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 40, no. 4 (November 3, 2015): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2015.1086722.

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Hannweg, B., SM Marr, LE Bloy, and OLF Weyl. "Habitat utilisation of Pseudobarbus afer and Sandelia capensis in headwaters of the Swartkops River, Eastern Cape, South Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 45, no. 3 (June 12, 2020): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2020.1719815.

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Adams, Luther A., Gavin W. Maneveldt, Andrew Green, Natasha Karenyi, Denham Parker, Toufiek Samaai, and Sven Kerwath. "Rhodolith Bed Discovered off the South African Coast." Diversity 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12040125.

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Rhodolith beds have not previously been recorded in South Africa. A multidisciplinary research effort used remote sampling tools to survey the historically unexplored continental shelf off the Eastern Cape coast of South Africa. A rhodolith bed, bearing both living and dead non-geniculate coralline red algae, was discovered in the 30–65 m depth range off the Kei River mouth in the newly proclaimed Amathole Offshore Marine Protected Area. Some of the rhodolith forming coralline algal specimens were identified as belonging to at least three genera based on their morphology and anatomy, namely, Lithophyllum, Lithothamnion and a non-descript genus. Rhodolith mean mass and diameter were 44.85 g ± 34.22 g and 41.28 mm ± 10.67 mm (N = 13), respectively. Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) imagery revealed a suite of epibenthic red macroalgae associated with the rhodolith bed. Taxonomy, vertical structure and distribution of rhodoliths in South Africa require further investigation.

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Chima, Priscilla, Christopher Baiyegunhi, Kuiwu Liu, and Oswald Gwavava. "Petrography, modal composition and tectonic provenance of some selected sandstones from the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Formations, Karoo Supergroup, in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Open Geosciences 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0064.

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Abstract The Late Triassic - Early Jurassic non marine clastic sediments of the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Formations were studied to deduce their mineralogy and tectonic provenance. The study is based on road-cut exposures of the formations in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Petrographic studies based on quantitative analysis of the detrital minerals shows that the clastic sediments (mostly sandstones) are predominantly made up of quartz, feldspars, and metamorphic and igneous rock fragments. Among the main detrital framework grains, quartz constitutes about 62-91%, feldspar 6-24% and 3-19% of lithic fragments. The sandstones can be classified as both sublitharenite and subarkose. Although, most of the sandstones (> 70 %) plotted in the sub-litharenite field. Petrographic and XRD analyses revealed that the sandstones originated from granitic and metamorphic rock sources. The QFL (Quartz-feldspar-lithic fragments) ternary diagrams indicate that the sandstones were derived from recycled or quartzose source rocks reflecting a craton interior or transitional continental setting which probably came from the Cape Fold Belt. This possibly revealed that most of the sandstones might have been derived as a result of weathering and erosion of igneous and metamorphic rocks in the Cape Supergroup. The study has revealed the depositional environments, and provide a basis for the description and interpretation of the sedimentology of the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Formations.

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Clifford-Holmes, Jai K., Carolyn G. Palmer, Chris J. de Wet, and Jill H. Slinger. "Operational manifestations of institutional dysfunction in post-apartheid South Africa." Water Policy 18, no. 4 (January 29, 2016): 998–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.211.

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At the centre of the water law reform process initiated by the first democratic government of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) lay the challenge of transforming away from apartheid water injustices. Reform culminated in the promulgation of new legislation, regarded internationally as ambitious and forward-thinking legislation reflective of the broad aims of integrated water resource management (IWRM). However, implementation of this legislation has been challenging. This paper analyses institutional dysfunction in water management in the Sundays River Valley Municipality (Eastern Cape Province, RSA). A transdisciplinary approach is taken in addressing the failure of national law and policy to enable the delivery of effective water services in post-apartheid RSA. A case study is used to explore interventions to promote effective water supply, locating these interventions and policies within the legislative structures and frameworks governing the water sector. We suggest that fine-grained institutional analysis together with learning from persistent iterative, adaptive practice, with principled goals intact, offers a pragmatic and achievable alternative to grand-scale policy change.

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PALMER, ROBERT, and JAY O'KEEFFE. "Distribution and abundance of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in relation to impoundments in the Buffalo River, eastern Cape, South Africa." Freshwater Biology 33, no. 1 (February 1995): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00391.x.

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Chigor, Vincent N., and Anthony I. Okoh. "Quantitative Detection and Characterization of Human Adenoviruses in the Buffalo River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Food and Environmental Virology 4, no. 4 (October 18, 2012): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12560-012-9090-0.

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Sibanda, Timothy, Vincent N. Chigor, and Anthony I. Okoh. "Seasonal and spatio-temporal distribution of faecal-indicator bacteria in Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185, no. 8 (December 18, 2012): 6579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-3048-4.

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Heritage, G., S. Tooth, N. Entwistle, and D. Milan. "Long-term flood controls on semi-arid river form: evidence from the Sabie and Olifants rivers, eastern South Africa." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-141-2015.

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Abstract. Rivers in the Kruger National Park, eastern South Africa, are characterised by bedrock-influenced "macrochannels" containing variable alluvial thicknesses and riparian vegetation assemblages. Evidence from the Sabie and Olifants rivers suggests that flows up to moderate floods (<3500 m3 s−1) tend to result in net alluviation, with sediments gradually covering the underlying bedrock. More extreme floods strip alluvium and erode bedrock, effectively exerting the primary control over long-term river morphologic development. On the Olifants River, post-flood aerial LIDAR imagery reveals that the 2012 extreme flood (~14000 m3 s−1) resulted in extensive stripping of stored alluvial sediment, exposing and eroding the underlying weathered bedrock. On the Sabie River, preliminary optically stimulated luminescence ages for remnant alluvium are all less than 1000 years, highlighting typical timescales of sediment storage. Together, these results suggest that while periods of general alluviation occur on these systems, long-term river development results from extreme flood-generated bedrock erosion.

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