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Journal articles on the topic 'River stingray'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Oliveira, A. T., M. L. G. Araújo, J. Pantoja-Lima, P. H. R. Aride, M. Tavares-Dias, R. P. Brinn, and J. L. Marcon. "Cyrilia sp. (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae) in the Amazonian freshwater stingray Potamotrygon wallacei (cururu stingray) in different hydrological phases of the Rio Negro." Brazilian Journal of Biology 77, no. 2 (August 15, 2016): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.00416.

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Abstract Intraerythrocytic parasites are frequently found in fish, including elasmobranchs. The Amazonian rivers present well defined annual hydrological cycles that results in drastic modifications of the environmental conditions with deep implications in the life cycle of the whole associated biota in those fluvial systems. The freshwater stingray Potamotrygon wallacei (stingray cururu) is a new species restricted to the Middle Rio Negro basin and it is subject to strong alterations in their natural habitats (igapós) a result of the constant variations in the water level of Rio Negro. This work demonstrates the occurrence of intraerythrocytic parasite Cyrilia sp. in this stingray species. Additionally, the prevalence and quantification of hemoparasites in different phases of Rio Negro were also established. Field sampling was carried in the Archipelago of Mariuá, Middle Rio Negro, involving different stages of the water cycle. The intraerythrocytic parasites were quantified by direct counting in blood smears using a total counting of 2000 erythrocytes in each blood smear. The presence of parasites intraerythrocytic generates changes in the morphology of blood cell. The largest amount of the hemoparasites was recorded in the drought period. We observed a decreasing tendency in the number of parasites in the blood between the drought periods and inundation. We concluded that the level of Negro River influences the incidence of intraerythrocytic parasites in the cururu stingray and the drought represents the period of larger susceptibility to the infestation.

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2

Carmo, Lucas, Alline Mota, and Cecilia Manoel. "Hemopneumothorax Caused By River Stingray Accident In The Amazon Region." Residência Pediátrica 8, no. 1 (April 2018): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25060/residpediatr-2018.v8n1-09.

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3

Song, Hong-Mei, Xi-Dong Mu, Min-Xia Wei, Xue-Jie Wang, Jian-Ren Luo, and Yin-Chang Hu. "Complete mitochondrial genome of the ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro)." Mitochondrial DNA 26, no. 6 (January 10, 2014): 857–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.861429.

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4

Morales-Betancourt, Mónica Andrea, and Carlos Andrés Lasso-Alcalá. "Proposal of a non-lethal visual census method to estimate freshwater stingray abundance." Universitas Scientiarum 21, no. 1 (February 10, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc21-1.poan.

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<p>There is not a current method to estimate South American freshwater stingray’s abundance. Therefore we designed a census method and tested it in the field. It consists of making nocturnal surveys by boat in large rivers (>25m width) and floodplain lagoons of varying sizes, along transects of 100m x 10m (1000 m2). We applied this method in the Tomo River, a tributary of the Orinoco River in Colombia. 110 transects were surveyed in 200 runs. A total of 149 rays of four species were recorded: <em>Potamotrygon motoro, Potamotrygon orbignyi, Potamotrygon schroederi</em> and <em>Paratrygon aiereba. P. motoro</em> was the most abundant with a density of 0.31 individuals /1000 m2 (SD=0.5). This method gave optimal results when applied to habitats with high transparency and shallow depth (< 1m) since it permitted the identification of both adults and juveniles present.</p>

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5

Ory, David, Yves Cuenot, Régis Vigouroux, Raphaël Covain, Sébastien Brosse, and Jérôme Murienne. "Complete mitochondrial genome of the river stingray Potamotrygon orbignyi (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 3153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1666683.

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6

Frederico, Renata G., Izeni P. Farias, Maria Lúcia Góes de Araújo, Patricia Charvet-Almeida, and José A. Alves-Gomes. "Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the Amazonian freshwater stingray Paratrygon aiereba Müller & Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)." Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 1 (2012): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000100007.

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The family Potamotrygonidae is monophyletic comprising three genera: Paratrygon Duméril, Potamotrygon Garman and Plesiotrygon Rosa, Castello & Thorson. The distribution of most species in this family is restricted to a single basin or fluvial system. Only Potamotrygon motoro, Potamotrygon orbignyi and Paratrygon aiereba are found in more than one river basin. In this study we investigate genetic structuring of Paratrygon aiereba, from five rivers of the Amazon region: Negro, Solimões-Amazon-Estuary system, Tapajós, Xingu and Araguaia. Sixty-three individuals were sequenced for ATPase 6, and a representative subsample of 27 individuals was sequenced for COI. The COI dataset analysis indicated that Paratrygon is sister to all other potamotrygonid genera and species. Population parameters inferred from the analysis of ATPase 6 sequences revealed that the populations of this species are structured within each river, with no or nearly non-existent gene flow occurring between rivers and a positive correlation between geographic and genetic distances. Paratrygon aiereba is comprised of three geographically restricted clades with K2P interclade distances of at least 2%. Intraspecific divergence within P. aiereba is similar to the interspecific divergence observed in Potamotrygon spp. sampled throughout the same geographic area. Using the premises of COI barcoding and the allopatric distribution of the three P. aiereba clades, the taxon P. aiereba most likely comprises three distinct biological species. Since freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae are highly exploited for the aquarium trade, management and conservation strategies need to be implemented at the level of each river basin, rather than at the level of the Amazon basin.

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7

Seamone, S. G., T. M. McCaffrey, and D. A. Syme. "Disc starts: the pectoral disc of stingrays promotes omnidirectional fast starts across the substrate." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 7 (July 2019): 597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0054.

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We explored how the flattened and rounded pectoral disc of the ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro (Müller and Henle, 1841)) enables them to use the benthic plane during fast-start escape. Escape responses were elicited via prodding different locations around the pectoral disc and were recorded using video. Modulation of pectoral-fin movements that power swimming enabled omnidirectional escape across the substrate, with similar performance in all directions of escape. Hence, translation of the body did not necessarily have to follow the orientation of the head, overcoming the constraint of a rigid body axis. An increase in prod speed was associated with an increase in initial translational speed and acceleration away from the prod. As prod location shifted towards the snout, yaw rotation increased, eventually reorienting the fish into a forward swimming position away from the prod. Furthermore, P. motoro yawed with essentially zero turning radius, allowing reorientation of the head with simultaneous rapid translation away from the prod, and yaw rate during escape was substantially greater than reported during routine swimming for stingrays. We conclude that stingrays employ a distinctive approach to escape along the substrate, which we have termed disc starts, that results in effective manoeuvrability across the benthic environment despite limited longitudinal flexibility of the body and that challenges the concept of manoeuvrability typically used for fishes.

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8

Khovansky, Igor, and Elena Podorozhnyuk. "Pacific salmon fry migration in the Amur River basin." Fisheries 2021, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2021-2-52-59.

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The intensity of the Pacific salmon fry migration in the Amur basin depends on the water level and floods; In the clear water of the river Anyuy rolled migration is round-the-clock, but the intensity of migration shifts to the dark time of day. In recent years, the effectiveness of reproduction is not stable, there are "failures" when the number of young people decreases dramatically, which determines the need for constant observations of the stingray for adjustments of catch forecasts. The assessment of the total number of young people sliding into the Amur River basin shows the comparability of the number of natural young and young produced by fish farms, and more research is needed to determine the role and contribution of artificial reproduction.

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9

Harris, Lindsay L., Christine N. Bedore, and Stephen M. Kajiura. "Electroreception in the obligate freshwater stingray, Potamotrygon motoro." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 11 (2015): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14354.

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Elasmobranch fishes use electroreception to detect electric fields in the environment, particularly minute bioelectric fields of potential prey. A single family of obligate freshwater stingrays, Potamotrygonidae, endemic to the Amazon River, demonstrates morphological adaptations of their electrosensory system due to characteristics of a high impedance freshwater environment. Little work has investigated whether the reduced morphology translates to reduced sensitivity because of the electrical properties of freshwater, or because of a marine-tuned sensory system attempting to function in freshwater. The objective of the present study was to measure electric potential from prey of Potamotrygon motoro and replicate the measurements in a behavioural assay to quantify P. motoro electrosensitivity. Median orientation distance to prey-simulating electric fields was 2.73cm, and the median voltage gradient detected was 0.20mVcm–1. This sensitivity is greatly reduced compared with marine batoids. A euryhaline species with marine-type ampullary morphology was previously tested in freshwater and demonstrated reduced sensitivity compared with when it was tested in seawater (0.2μVcm–1 v. 0.6nVcm–1). When the data were adjusted with a modified ideal dipole equation, sensitivity was comparable to P. motoro. This suggests that the conductivity of the medium, more so than ampullary morphology, dictates the sensitivity of elasmobranch electroreception.

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10

Dzyuba, Viktoriya, Sabine Sampels, Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira, Martin Kahanec, Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira, Marek Rodina, Jacky Cosson, et al. "Sperm motility and lipid composition in internally fertilizing ocellate river stingray Potamotrygon motoro." Theriogenology 130 (May 2019): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.029.

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11

Lacy, E. R., and E. Reale. "A unique juxtaglomerular apparatus in the river ray, Potamotrygon humerosa, a freshwater stingray." Zoomorphology 137, no. 1 (August 31, 2017): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00435-017-0372-9.

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12

da Silva, Nelson, Kalley Ferreira, Raimundo Pinto, and Steven Aird. "A Severe Accident Caused by an Ocellate River Stingray (Potamotrygon motoro) in Central Brazil: How Well Do We Really Understand Stingray Venom Chemistry, Envenomation, and Therapeutics?" Toxins 7, no. 6 (June 18, 2015): 2272–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins7062272.

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13

Charvet, P., F. M. Santana, K. L. De Lima, and R. Lessa. "Age and growth of the endemic Xingu River stingray Potamotrygon leopoldi validated using fluorescent dyes." Journal of Fish Biology 92, no. 6 (June 2018): 1985–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13635.

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14

Roberts, Tyson R., and Jaranthada Karnasuta. "Dasyatis laosensis, a new whiptailed stingray (family Dasyatidae), from the Mekong River of Laos and Thailand." Environmental Biology of Fishes 20, no. 3 (November 1987): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00004951.

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15

Dzyuba, Viktoriya, Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira, Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira, Marek Rodina, and Borys Dzyuba. "Sperm antioxidant system in ocellate river stingray Potamotrygon motoro at transition from seminal vesicle to cloaca." Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 46, no. 6 (July 16, 2020): 1975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10695-020-00848-y.

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16

Cook, Todd D., Jeffrey G. Eaton, Michael G. Newbrey, and Mark V. H. Wilson. "A New Genus and Species of Freshwater Stingray (Myliobatiformes, Dasyatoidea) from the Latest Middle Eocene of Utah, U.S.A." Journal of Paleontology 88, no. 3 (May 2014): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13-046.

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Teeth of a new freshwater dasyatoid ray recovered from the latest middle Eocene Brian Head Formation of southern Utah represent the youngest freshwater stingray so far known in the fossil record of North America. The crown morphology ofSaltirius utahensisn. gen. n. sp. exhibits strong sexual dimorphism, with the presumed males bearing two prominent margino-labial protuberances and a bifid cusp that produces a saltire-like outline. This unique crown separates this genus and species from any known extinct or extant myliobatiform, but does have some resemblance to the crown ofAsterotrygon maloneyifrom the lower Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming. The occurrence ofS. utahensisin the Brian Head Formation provides additional evidence for the persistence of warm subtropical temperatures during the late Eocene in southern Utah.

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17

Lucifora, Luis O., Santiago A. Barbini, Sabina Llamazares Vegh, Pablo A. Scarabotti, Facundo Vargas, Agustín Solari, Ezequiel Mabragaña, and Juan M. Díaz de Astarloa. "Geographic distribution of the short-tailed river stingray (Potamotrygon brachyura): assessing habitat loss and fishing as threats to the world’s largest obligate freshwater elasmobranch." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 10 (2016): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15003.

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Freshwater elasmobranchs are threatened but little is known about them. Potamotrygon brachyura is the world’s largest obligate freshwater elasmobranch. This makes it popular among fishermen and suggests a susceptibility to anthropogenic threats. We collected records of P. brachyura (n=70) from media, fishermen and scientific sampling, to estimate its global geographic distribution (using both generalised additive and MaxLike models). Then, we estimated the species’ exposure to habitat modification and fishing pressure, by applying multinomial ordinal models with threat levels as response and the presence or absence of P. brachyura as an independent variable. Distance to coast, depth, water temperature range, salinity range and mean water temperature were the main determinants of the distribution in the Río de la Plata. This resulted in a narrow coastal distribution. In the Uruguay and Paraná River basins, the probability of occurrence was positively associated with flow accumulation, percentage of open water and submerged vegetation, and lowland ecoregions, and negatively to wetness index and altitude. This limited the distribution to large lowland rivers. Approximately 41% of the range of P. brachyura in the Río de la Plata was subject to high habitat modification. In the Uruguay and Paraná River basins, this percentage reached 7%; however, the overlap with high fishing pressure was 59%. For conservation purposes, P. brachyura may function as an umbrella species.

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18

Kreuter, Nils, Nele Christofzik, Carolin Niederbremer, Janik Bollé, and Vera Schluessel. "Counting on Numbers—Numerical Abilities in Grey Bamboo Sharks and Ocellate River Stingrays." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 2634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092634.

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Over the last decade, studies examining the cognitive abilities of fish have increased, using a broad range of approaches. One of the foci has been to test the ability of fish to discriminate quantities of items and to determine whether fish can solve tasks solely on the basis of numerical information. This study is the first to investigate this ability in two elasmobranch species. All animals were trained in two-alternative forced-choice visual experiments and then examined in transfer tests, to determine if previously gained knowledge could be applied to new tasks. Results show that the grey bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium griseum) and the ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro) can discriminate quantities based on numerical information alone, while continuous variables were controlled for. Furthermore, the data indicates that similar magnitudes and limits for quantity discrimination exist as in other animals. However, the high degree of intraspecific variation that was observed as well as the low rate of animals proving to be successful suggest that the ability to discriminate quantities may not be as important to these species as to some other vertebrate and invertebrate species tested so far.

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19

Moro, G., P. Charvet, and RS Rosa. "Insectivory in Potamotrygon signata (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae), an endemic freshwater stingray from the Parnaíba River basin, northeastern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 72, no. 4 (November 2012): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842012000500015.

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Potamotrygon signata is an endemic freshwater stingray species in the Parnaíba River basin, Brazil. After its original description, only citations in systematic lists were recorded in the literature and the biology of the species remains unknown, including the feeding habits. The aim of this study is to characterize the overall diet of P. signata based on analysing stomach contents and to provide preliminary information on intraspecific diet variability between sexes and maturity stages. The stomach contents of 56 specimens of P. signata were analyzed. The taxonomic identification of food items showed the presence of 13 prey orders, including insects, mollusks, crustaceans and teleost fish. The Index of Relative Importance (IRI%) indicated P. signata as an insectivorous species, with a dominance of Diptera larvae (60.64%) and Ephemeroptera nymphs (34.68%). Differences in diet were observed between sexes, as well as between mature and immature individuals. The IRI% of females showed a similar occurrence of Diptera and Ephemeroptera (47.12% and 47.86%, respectively), whereas for males, Ephemeroptera was the main item (79.56%). Immature individuals showed a dominance of Diptera (76.20%) while mature individuals showed a similar occurrence of Diptera (46.95%) and Ephemeroptera (47.23%). The observed sexual and ontogenetic differences in diet may be related to distinct nutritional requirements of males and females, and to the variation of morphological aspects of the oral apparatus and dentition of males and females and of immature individuals and adults. The essentially insectivorous diet of the species is possibly adaptively advantageous in the Caatinga semi-arid environment, where the availability of fish as prey may be subject to strong seasonal variation.

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20

Rosa, Ricardo S., Marcelo R. de Carvalho, and Cristiane de Almeida Wanderley. "Potamotrygon boesemani (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), a new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray from Surinam." Neotropical Ichthyology 6, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252008000100001.

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Potamotrygon boesemani, new species, is described from the Corantijn river drainage in Surinam. The species has a diagnostic dorsal color pattern formed by deep orange to red ocellated spots of irregular form, encircled by relatively broad black rings. Potamotrygon boesemani is distinguished from other ocellated congeners (P. motoro, P. henlei and P. leopoldi) by the more intensely colored ocelli, which are usually yellow in the latter species. From P. motoro it is also distinguished by the darker dorsal background coloration, by the broader black contour of the dorsal ocelli, and by the irregular form of the ocelli as compared to the more rounded shape in the latter species. From P. henlei and P. leopoldi, it is distinguished by the lack of ocelli on tail. From the tentatively identified specimen of P. ocellata, which also has dark orange ocelli, the irregular contour of the ocelli in the new species is also distinctive. The teeth are relatively smaller and in greater number than in P. motoro and P. ocellata, with up to 45 rows in the upper jaw.

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21

Lacerda, ACF, RM Takemoto, and GC Pavanelli. "Ecology of endoparasites of the fluvial stingray Potamotrygon falkneri (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 2 (May 2009): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000200009.

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The present study investigated the ecological relationships between endoparasites and the host Potamotrygon falkneri from the upper Paraná River by using as indicators the host's relative condition factor (Kn), sex and hepatosomatic relation (HSR). Forty-seven specimens of P. falkneri were analyzed between March 2005 and September 2006. Statistical analysis showed that the Kn was positively correlated with the abundance of Acanthobothrium regoi and Rhinebothrium paratrygoni; only the abundance of A. regoi was positively correlated to the HSR, whereas R. paratrygoni did not present correlation and there was no influence of the host's sex on the abundance and prevalence of parasites. This is the first study concerning the ecology of parasites of potamotrygonids.

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22

Piermarini, Peter M., and David H. Evans. "Osmoregulation of the Atlantic Stingray (Dasyatis sabina) from the Freshwater Lake Jesup of the St. Johns River, Florida." Physiological Zoology 71, no. 5 (September 1998): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/515973.

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23

Zadelenov, Vladimir Anatolievich, and Yulia Yurievna Forina. "Fisheries research of the Pyasina river basin." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2009-03.

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At the end of April 2020, the largest man — made disaster in the Russian Arctic occurred-a diesel fuel spill in Norilsk. Oil products on the Ambarnaya river got to the lake. Pyasino (source of the river of the same name). To determine the extent of damage to the aquatic ecosystem of the Pyasina basin, it is necessary to know the nature and direction of previous research in the fisheries field. The aim of the work is to analyze the available open source publications in the field of fisheries research in the Pyasina basin. The history of ichthyological and hydrobiological studies of the Pyasina river basin (a large watercourse on the Taimyr Peninsula) is considered. Information is provided that the basin of this river is poorly studied in terms of fisheries due to its location beyond the Arctic circle. The chronology of fisheries research from the Foundation of the Yenisei ichthyological laboratory (Krasnoyarsk) in 1908 to 2020 is given. It is noted that the greatest interest in studying the basin of this river is shown in connection with the development of the Norilsk mining and metallurgical combine and the organization of the Federal state budgetary institution «United Directorate of Taimyr reserves». The role of individual scientific organizations in the study of water ecosystems of the Pyasina river basin is shown. The most significant contribution to the fisheries survey of the river basin was made by the Siberian scientific fisheries station (now the Krasnoyarsk branch of the all-Russian research Institute of fisheries and Oceanography), MSU, TSU. The publications of employees of these organizations contain materials on the study of phytoplankton and zooplankton, zoobenthos, their production characteristics, the biology of a number of species, the Stingray of larvae, features of the development of semi-passable ichthyofauna, materials on the genetic features of individual populations of whitefish, biological and morphological features of whitefish and char fauna, fish Parasitology, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and others. Information is provided on the number of zooplankton species and forms, including 28 forms. It is shown that the composition of the ichthyofauna of the river basin to date, 38 species of fish are known.

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24

Menoret, Adriana, and Verónica A. Ivanov. "A New Species of Tetraphyllidean (Cestoda) from the Largespot River Stingray, Potamotrygon falkneri (Potamotrygonidae: Chondrichthyes), from the Paraná Basin." Journal of Parasitology 95, no. 4 (August 2009): 994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-1850.1.

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25

Ivanov, Verónica A. "A NEW SPECIES OF ACANTHOBOTHRIUM (CESTODA: TETRAPHYLLIDEA: ONCHOBOTHRIIDAE) FROM THE OCELLATE RIVER STINGRAY, POTAMOTRYGON MOTORO (CHONDRICHTHYES: POTAMOTRYGONIDAE), IN ARGENTINA." Journal of Parasitology 91, no. 2 (April 2005): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-354r1.

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26

Garrone Neto, Domingos, and Lucélia Nobre Carvalho. "Nuclear-follower foraging associations among Characiformes fishes and Potamotrygonidae rays in clean waters environments of Teles Pires and Xingu rivers basins, Midwest Brazil." Biota Neotropica 11, no. 4 (December 2011): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032011000400030.

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During under and overwater observations were recorded nuclear-follower foraging associations among three species of characiform fishes - Chalceus epakros, Hemiodus semitaeniatus and Hemiodus unimaculatus - and a freshwater stingray species - Potamotrygon orbignyi - in the Teles Pires and Xingu rivers basins, Midwest Brazil. The teleost fishes were observed closely following the stingrays during the behavior of stirring the substrate to uncover invertebrates, which cause discrete sediment clouds. Apparently this sediment perturbation attracts the fishes that approached the foraging stingrays to feed on small preys and other food types exposed this way. This is a typical example of a commensal relationship in which one participant is benefited while the other is unaffected, and represents the second published record of nuclear-follower feeding association between potamotrygonid rays and teleost fishes, demonstrating the potential of naturalistic studies in discovering new interactions involving species of freshwater fish.

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27

Andres, Michael J., Jeremy M. Higgs, Paul O. Grammer, and Mark S. Peterson. "Argulus from the Pascagoula River, MS, USA, with an Emphasis on Those of the Threatened Gulf Sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi." Diversity 11, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11120232.

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Species of Argulus (Branchiura Thorell, 1864) are common ectoparasites of freshwater, estuarine, and marine fishes. Argulid identification and taxonomy is often confusing because many species are reported to parasitize multiple host species, have similar morphological characters, and come from various salinity regimes. Gulf sturgeon is an anadromous fish natal to drainages in the north-central Gulf of Mexico, and as with many endangered species, has a poorly documented parasite community. During Gulf sturgeon tagging and monitoring studies (2016–2019) in the Pascagoula River, MS, USA, species of Argulus were collected from Gulf sturgeon as well as other incidentally captured fishes. Argulus flavescens Wilson, 1916 was found on Gulf sturgeon and flathead catfish, Argulus americanus Wilson, 1902 on bowfin, and Argulus bicolor Bere, 1936 on Atlantic stingray. We provide morphological details and measurements for these species as well as the first confirmed 28S rDNA molecular data. Argulus flavescens was more abundant and prevalent on larger Gulf sturgeon and on sturgeon captured in freshwater rather than estuarine habitats. Our results indicate that A. flacescens may not tolerate estuarine salinities and that the anadromous life-history pattern of Gulf sturgeon could help rid them of A. flavescens when they emigrate from their riverine habitats.

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Raines, Janis A., and Meredith M. Clancy. "Sedation by Orally Administered Ketamine in Goldfish, Carassius auratus; Hybrid Striped Bass, Morone hybrid saxatilisÃM. chrysops; and Ocellated River Stingray, Potamotrygon motoro." Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 40, no. 6 (December 2009): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2009.00299.x.

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29

Carvalho, Marcelo R. de, and Maíra P. Ragno. "An unusual, dwarf new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray, Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., from the upper and mid Amazon basin: the second species of Plesiotrygon (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 51, no. 7 (2011): 101–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0031-10492011000700001.

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A new species of the relatively poorly known Neotropical freshwater stingray genus Plesiotrygon Rosa, Castello & Thorson, 1987 is described from the main channel and smaller tributaries (Ríos Itaya and Pachitea) of the upper Amazon basin in Peru. The first specimen to be collected, however, was from much farther east in Rio Solimões in 1996, just down-river from Rio Purus (specimen unavailable for this study). Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., is a very distinctive and unusually small species of freshwater stingray (Potamotrygonidae), described here mostly from three specimens representing different size classes and stages of sexual maturity. Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., is distinguished from its only congener, P. iwamae Rosa, Castello & Thorson, 1987, by numerous unique features, including: dorsal coloration composed of very fine rosettes or a combination of spots and irregular ocelli; very circular disc and snout; very small and less rhomboidal spiracles; short snout and anterior disc region; narrow mouth and nostrils; denticles on dorsal tail small, scattered, not forming row of enlarged spines; adult and preadult specimens with significantly fewer tooth rows; fewer caudal vertebrae; higher total pectoral radials; very small size, probably not surpassing 250 mm disc length or width, males maturing sexually at around 180 mm disc length and 175 mm disc width; distal coloration of tail posterior to caudal stings usually dark purplish-brown; and features of the ventral lateral-line canals (hyomandibular canal very narrow, infraorbital and supraorbital canals not undulated, supraorbital and infraorbital loops small and narrow, supraorbital loop very short, not extending posteriorly to level of mouth, jugular and posterior infraorbital canals short, not extending caudally to first gill slits, subpleural loop very narrow posteriorly; absence of anterior and posterior subpleural tubules). To provide a foundation for the description of P. nana sp. nov., morphological variation in P. iwamae was examined based on all type specimens as well as newly collected and previously unreported material. Two specimens topotypic with the male paratype of P. nana sp. nov., referred to here as Plesiotrygon cf. iwamae, are also reported. Relationships of the new species to P. iwamae are discussed; further characters indicative of Plesiotrygon monophyly are proposed, but the genus may still not be valid. Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., is commercialized with some regularity in the international aquarium trade from Iquitos (Peru), an alarming circumstance because nothing is known of its biology or conservation requirements.

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FONTENELLE, JOÃO PEDRO, JOÃO PAULO C. B. DA SILVA, and MARCELO R. DE CARVALHO. "Potamotrygon limai, sp. nov., a new species of freshwater stingray from the upper Madeira River system, Amazon basin (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)." Zootaxa 3765, no. 3 (February 18, 2014): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.3.2.

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Ivanov, Verónica A. "A new species of Rhinebothroides Mayes, Brooks & Thorson, 1981 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the Ocellate River Stingray in Argentina, with Amended Descriptions of Two other Species of the Genus." Systematic Parasitology 58, no. 3 (July 2004): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:sypa.0000032933.71645.1e.

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Shibuya, Akemi, Jansen Zuanon, Maria Lúcia G. de Araújo, and Sho Tanaka. "Morphology of lateral line canals in Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from Negro River, Brazilian Amazon." Neotropical Ichthyology 8, no. 4 (2010): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252010000400017.

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The relationship between the distribution of the lateral line canals and their functionality has not been well examined in elasmobranchs, especially among Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae. The spatial distribution of the canals and their tubules and the quantification of the neuromasts were analyzed in preserved specimens of Potamotrygon motoro, P. orbignyi, Potamotrygon sp. "cururu", and Paratrygon aiereba from the middle Negro River, Amazonas, Brazil. The hyomandibular, infraorbital, posterior lateral line, mandibular, nasal and supraorbital canals were characterized and their pores and neuromasts quantified. The ventral canals are known to facilitate the accurate localization of prey items under the body, and our results indicate that the dorsal canals may be employed in identifying the presence of predators or potential prey positioned above the stingray's body. The presence of non-pored canals in the ventral region may be compensated by the high concentration of neuromasts found in the same area, which possibly allow the accurate detection of mechanical stimuli. The concentration of non-pored canals near the mouth indicates their importance in locating and capturing prey buried in the bottom substrate, possibly aided by the presence of vesicles of Savi.

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Shibuya, Akemi, and Jansen Zuanon. "Catfishes as prey items of Potamotrygonid stingrays in the Solimões and Negro rivers, Brazilian Amazon." Biota Neotropica 13, no. 1 (March 2013): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032013000100041.

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In spite of the fact that catfish have rarely been reported as food items in the diets of freshwater stingrays, they are commonly observed in the stomach contents of species inhabiting the Solimões and Negro rivers in the Brazilian Amazon. The stomach contents of six rays from the Solimões River and 64 from the Negro River were analyzed, and catfishes (distributed among the families Callichthyidae, Cetopsidae, Doradidae and Loricariidae) were found in the stomach contents of four and 10 of these rays, respectively, comprising a frequency of occurrence of 20%. These data indicate a relevant participation of catfishes in the diets of potamotrygonid rays in the Amazon, and may reflect the regional diversity and abundance of Siluriformes in the region.

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Knight, Kathryn. "Ocellate river stingrays munch like some rats." Journal of Experimental Biology 222, no. 13 (July 1, 2019): jeb209155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.209155.

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Oddone, María Cristina, Gonzalo Velasco, and Patricia Charvet. "Record of the freshwater stingrays Potamotrygon brachyura and P. motoro (Chondrichthyes, Potamotrygonidae) in the lower Uruguay river, South America." Acta Amazonica 42, no. 2 (June 2012): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672012000200018.

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Freshwater stingrays, or potamotrygonids, are restricted to Neotropical river drainages. These elasmobranchs are well adapted to freshwater environments and the number of described species gradually increases as further research is carried out. Some of the first studies on their systematics and natural history were carried out in the 1960s and 1970s in southern South America. However, there is no new published data on potamotrygonids from Uruguayan waters since then (except for local journal reports from sportive fishermen and specimens deposited in Uruguayan collections). The present study aims to record the recent occurrence of two species of potamotrygonids caught by sport fishermen, with comments on other published historical records for the same area. As many other elasmobranchs, these species have an important, but not always well understood, role in the Uruguayan rivers ecosystems.

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Fontenelle, João Pedro, Nathan R. Lovejoy, Matthew A. Kolmann, and Fernando P. L. Marques. "Molecular phylogeny for the Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygoninae) reveals limitations of traditional taxonomy." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 134, no. 2 (July 27, 2021): 381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab090.

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Abstract The subfamily Potamotrygoninae, the only extant clade of elasmobranchs exclusive to freshwater environments, encompasses four genera and 38 species distributed across almost every major South American river basin. Despite their importance in the ornamental fish trade, the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within potamotrygonines have not yet been resolved. Here, we present a comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the Neotropical freshwater stingrays, based on extensive species and population sampling (35 species and > 350 individuals from drainages across South America). Our phylogeny corroborates the monophyly of the genera Paratrygon and Heliotrygon and the monophyly of the Potamotrygon + Plesiotrygon clade. Within the Potamotrygon + Plesiotrygon clade, we identify a core Potamotrygon clade characterized by short branches, low nodal support and incongruence with current species-level taxonomy. In the core Potamotrygon clade, specimens of widespread species, such as Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon orbignyi, do not form monophyletic lineages; instead, specimens from these species are often closely related to those of other species from the same river basins. These patterns could be caused by inaccurate taxonomy, hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting and rapid diversification. We discuss the conservation of Neotropical freshwater stingrays from a phylogenetic perspective and suggest ways to prioritize potamotrygonid conservation efforts with respect to endemism and evolutionary distinctiveness.

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Garrone Neto, Domingos, and Virgínia Sanches Uieda. "Activity and habitat use of two species of stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae) in the upper Paraná River basin, Southeastern Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 1 (2012): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000100008.

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The life history of freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae) under natural conditions has been poorly documented. In this study, we investigated theperiod of activity and the habitat use of two species of the genus Potamotrygon in the upper Paraná River basin, Southeastern Brazil. Potamotrygon falkneri and P. motoro are similar to each other as far as the analyzed behavior is concerned. Individuals of both species segregate according to their size, and in function of the depth and period of the day. Younger individuals inhabit mostly sandy beaches and places that are no deeper than four meters throughout the whole day. Bigger stingrays realize bathymetric migrations, alternating their position between places deeper than eight meters during the day, and shallow areas at night. Individuals of intermediate size inhabit transition environments that have greater habitat diversity. Both species presented mostly nocturnal habits, especially regarding their feeding behavior. The behavioral patterns observed seem to go through ontogenetic variations and probably change throughout the year, between dry and wet seasons.

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Tang, Karisa N. "SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MILBEMYCIN OXIME AND LUFENURON TO TREAT ARGULUS SPP. INFESTATION IN SMOOTH BACK RIVER STINGRAYS (POTAMOTRYGON ORBIGNYI) AND MAGDALENA RIVER STINGRAYS (POTAMOTRYGON MAGDALENAE)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2018-0162.

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Domingues, M. V., and F. P. L. Marques. "Phylogeny and taxonomy of Potamotrygonocotyle Mayes, Brooks & Thorson, 1981 (Monogenoidea: Monocotylidae) with a description of four new species." Journal of Helminthology 85, no. 4 (November 19, 2010): 353–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x10000684.

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AbstractThe marine-derived stingrays of Potamotrygonidae, endemic to South American river systems, host an interesting parasite fauna equally related to marine lineages. Among those lineages, the diversity and phylogenetic relationships within Potamotrygonocotyle – a monocotylid monogenoidean specific to potamotrygonids – are poorly known, since 9 of 10 species attributed to this genus have been described in the past 3 years. Here, we readdress the diversity of Potamotrygonocotyle after examining the gills of 436 potamotrygonid individuals representing 12 described and 14 potentially undescribed species of freshwater stingrays from 19 major river systems of South America (i.e. sub-basins). We recognized 12 valid species within the parasite genus, of which four are described in this study. Our taxonomic decisions were based on the phylogenetic analysis of 14 ingroup terminal taxa and 12 morphological characters, which resulted in the following hypothesis of sister-group relationships: ((P. dromedarius, P. tatianae sp. nov.), (P. rionegrense, P. auriculocotyle sp. nov., ((P. quadracotyle, P. umbella), (P. septemcotyle sp. nov., (P. chisholmae, P. uruguayense)), (P. tsalickisi, P. eurypotamoxenus, P. rarum, (P. tocantinsense sp. nov., P. aramasae))))). According to our hypothesis, the absence of autapomorphic features for some nominal species, and the re-evaluation of morphological variation among populations, led us to consider P. eurypotamoxenus and P. uruguayense as junior synonymys of P. tsalicksi and P. chisholmae, respectively. Finally, we address the importance of biogeographic and host representation, in order to fully understand the patterns of morphological variation and host specificity within this group. We found that hypotheses of species delimitation depend greatly on efforts to sample specimens throughout its distributional range and that host specificity within this genus varies dramatically among lineages.

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MacNeil, M. Aaron, Ken G. Drouillard, and Aaron T. Fisk. "Variable uptake and elimination of stable nitrogen isotopes between tissues in fish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-219.

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We conducted a diet-switching experiment using freshwater ocellate river stingrays (Potamotrygon motoro) fed a novel earthworm (Eisenia foetida) diet to establish the relative contributions of growth and metabolism to δ15N values in an elasmobranch species. We specifically controlled for the potential effects of protein composition of experimental diets on δ15N turnover to determine whether δ15N turnover after a low to high δ15N diet switch (uptake) and a high to low δ15N diet switch (elimination) will occur at the same rate within each consumer tissue. Our results showed that the turnover of δ15N from metabolism and growth differed between uptake and elimination phases in the liver, blood, cartilage, and muscle of freshwater stingrays. During uptake, liver was found to track dietary δ15N more closely than the other tissues, with the highest metabolic turnover rate of δ15N (0.015 day1), whereas cartilage had the slowest rate of metabolic δ15N turnover (0.0022 day1) relative to a constant rate of growth among tissues (0.003 day1). We propose that estimates of trophic position from muscle sampling alone have considerable uncertainty, particularly for scavenging or omnivorous species. We suggest that multitissue sampling can identify this problem and lead to a more robust evaluation of trophic dynamics for individual species.

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Da Silva, Greiciane Amorim, Aline Nayara Poscai, and André Luis da Silva Casas. "Injuries Caused by Freshwater Stingrays in the Western Amazon: Folk Medicine and Beliefs." Ethnobiology Letters 11, no. 1 (May 11, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.11.1.2020.1586.

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The envenomation caused by freshwater stingrays is one of the most frequent injuries related to aquatic animals in South America. Such injury is severe with skin necrosis as a probable result of the sting and subsequent intense pain. Here, we characterized the accidents caused by freshwater stingrays in Juruá Valley, Acre, Brazil, with reports of people who had suffered injuries. Data collection was performed in nearby communities in the Juruá River and its tributaries through a semi-structured questionnaire. Bathers and fishermen were the main group affected, and injuries were mainly in the lower limbs. The results were similar to those previously reported for other regions of Brazil, except for the treatment applied. Severe pain, edema, erythema, necrosis, and ulceration of the wound are some of the symptoms reported by the injured population. Most of the treatment is based on folk remedies, such as human urine, hot boiled egg, medicinal plants, and nonprescription drugs. In most cases, injuries usually occur in remote areas which favor the use of folk remedies, but the accidents are still neglected by the population itself because of the low lethality. Therefore, educational activities and prophylactic measures should be carried out with a standardization of first aid and late measures. In addition, the correct use of medicinal plants and folk remedies could be a strong ally to ensure a safe and affordable care for the population.

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Silva, Thiago Buosi, and Virgínia Sanches Uieda. "Preliminary data on the feeding habits of the freshwater stingrays Potamotrygon falkneri and Potamotrygon motoro (Potamotrygonidae) from the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil." Biota Neotropica 7, no. 1 (2007): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032007000100027.

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Stingrays of the Potamotrygonidae family are a singular group of Neotropical ichthyofauna. Although ancient reports exist about the group, there are still many questions that need to be clarified, such as the biology of the species that occur in the Paraná-Paraguay River system. In the present work, the diet of Potamotrygon falkneri and Potamotrygon motoro, captured in the Upper Paraná River, downstream from the Engenheiro Souza Dias Hydroelectric Power Station (UHE Jupiá), was analyzed. Both species showed a diversified diet, consisting of 14 food items, including Mollusca, Crustacea, Insecta and fish, with the predominance in diversity and abundance of aquatic insects. Only one individual of each species ingested fish. Potamotrygon motoro consumed mainly Ephemeroptera, while P. falkneri consumed mainly Mollusca, Hemiptera and Trichoptera. The data apparently indicate a more specialized diet for P. motoro, consuming more Ephemeroptera (Baetidae), and a more generalized diet for P. falkneri. The analysis of individuals captured in three microhabitats that differ in function of the substrate type and presence of marginal vegetation, suggests differences in the food items consumed.

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Haddad Junior, Vidal, Edson Luiz Fávero Junior, Felipe Augusto Horácio Ribeiro, Bruno da Costa Ancheschi, Gabriel Isaac Pereira de Castro, Rafael Costa Martins, Guilherme Borghini Pazuelo, Jun Ricardo Fujii, Rodolfo Brum Vieira, and Domingos Garrone Neto. "Trauma and envenoming caused by stingrays and other fish in a fishing community in Pontal do Paranapanema, state of São Paulo, Brazil: epidemiology, clinical aspects, and therapeutic and preventive measures." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 45, no. 2 (April 2012): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822012000200019.

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INTRODUCTION: Accidents caused by fish are common in inland fishing communities in Brazil, being work-related injuries in the majority of cases. These populations have no information on the mechanisms of trauma or envenoming. METHODS: Through a questionnaire administered to fishermen, we obtained clinical and epidemiological data on accidents in Rosana, Pontal do Paranapanema, State of São Paulo, Brazil. These data were analyzed and converted into an easily understood prevention and treatment program for the colony. RESULTS: Thirty-nine fishermen replied to the survey. All of the patients had been hurt by fish. Of those mentioned, the yellow catfish (Pimelodus maculatus) was the main fish species associated with injuries, but others also caused trauma to the fishermen. Six fishermen had been envenomed by stingrays. Pain and ulcers were the main symptoms and were described as intolerable. Approximately half of those injured were treated using traditional folk remedies. CONCLUSIONS: The fishermen suffered multiple accidents with catfish, which are venomous and cause intense pain, as well as trauma due to other fish, such as surubins, traíras, freshwater croakers, and piranhas. Approximately 16% of those interviewed presented with envenomation from stingrays. Our data and previous experience in the area led to the creation of a pamphlet with clear language that can effectively help fishermen in the region, an area in need of health services and disease prevention. This initiative also applies to the whole La Plata River basin, which has similar fauna.

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Abati, Paulo Afonso Martins, Pasesa Pascuala Quispe Torrez, Francisco Oscar de Siqueira França, Fabio Lambertini Tozzi, Flávio Mileo Bacelar Guerreiro, Suellen Aline Torres dos Santos, Sheyla Mara Silva de Oliveira, and Vidal Haddad Junior. "Injuries caused by freshwater stingrays in the Tapajós River Basin: a clinical and sociodemographic study." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 50, no. 3 (June 2017): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0016-2017.

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Dzyuba, V., A. Ninhaus-Silveira, M. Kahanec, R. Veríssimo-Silveira, M. Rodina, W. V. Holt, and B. Dzyuba. "Sperm motility in ocellate river stingrays: evidence for post-testicular sperm maturation and capacitation in Chondrichthyes." Journal of Zoology 307, no. 1 (September 6, 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12610.

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Domingues, Marcus V., Norberto C. M. Pancera, and Fernando P. L. Marques. "Monogenoidean parasites of freshwater stingrays (Rajiformes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Negro River, Amazon, Brazil: species of Potamotrygonocotyle (Monocotylidae) and Paraheteronchocotyle (Hexabothriidae)." Folia Parasitologica 54, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2007.025.

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Gelsleichter, James, Catherine J. Walsh, Nancy J. Szabo, and Lois E. L. Rasmussen. "Organochlorine concentrations, reproductive physiology, and immune function in unique populations of freshwater Atlantic stingrays (Dasyatis sabina) from Florida’s St. Johns River." Chemosphere 63, no. 9 (June 2006): 1506–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.011.

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Adnet, Sylvain, Rodolfo Salas Gismondi, and Pierre-Olivier Antoine. "Comparisons of dental morphology in river stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) with new fossils from the middle Eocene of Peruvian Amazonia rekindle debate on their evolution." Naturwissenschaften 101, no. 1 (December 22, 2013): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-013-1127-1.

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Garrone-Neto, Domingos. "Record of ascending passage of potamotrygonid stingrays through navigation locks: implications for the management of non-native species in the Upper Paraná River basin, Southeastern Brazil." Management of Biological Invasions 5, no. 2 (June 2014): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2014.5.2.04.

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DE CARVALHO, MARCELO R., JOHN G. MAISEY, and LANCE GRANDE. "FRESHWATER STINGRAYS OF THE GREEN RIVER FORMATION OF WYOMING (EARLY EOCENE), WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES AND AN ANALYSIS OF ITS PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS (CHONDRICHTHYES: MYLIOBATIFORMES)." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 284 (June 2004): 1–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2004)284<0001:fsotgr>2.0.co;2.

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