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Journal articles on the topic 'River water'
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1
Et.al, Jaffry Zakaria. "Dynamic and Structure Profiling of Kampar River, Slim River and Sungkai River: White Water Recreation Rivers in the State of Perak, Malaysia." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.747.
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In Malaysia, there are many rivers that are being the attraction for white water river activities. Perak, is a state on the west of Peninsular Malaysia has several rivers that are suitable for white water river activities and being among the favourite location for white water river activities enthusiasts. Among the well-known white water rivers in Perak state are Kampar River, Slim River, Sungkai River, Singgor River and Sungai Bernam River. The attraction of a white water river depends on several factors. One of the important factor is the classification of rapid difficulty level. To date, the classification of rapid difficulty level in Malaysia is based on the international standard scale and certified by The International Canoe Federation (ICF). Apart from that, other attraction factors such as river water quality, geographical location, logistics facilities, transportation access, facilities, operator reputations and promotions are among other attraction factors. This present study aims to identify the main attraction factors in the white water rivers in Perak State. Dynamic and structure profiling of the rivers was produced. The white water rivers selected in this study were Kampar River, Slim River and Sungkai River. From the study, Kampar River was identified to be the most preferred river for white water activities compared to Slim River and Sungkai River. Findings from the study was resourceful in the effort of constructing a complete profile of white water rivers structure located in the state of Perak besides promoting white water river activities as a structured recreational tourism activity in Perak.
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Shamima Shultana and Ruhul A. Khan. "Water quality assessment, reasons of river water pollution, impact on human health and remediation of polluted river water." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.10.2.0053.
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Bangladesh is a land of rivers. The pride of Bangladesh is her rivers with one of the largest networks in the world. The Rivers of Bangladesh play an important role in the wealth of our country. The prosperity of agriculture and fisheries are depending on the rivers. But our resourceful rivers become polluted day by day due to over growth of population and uncontrolled industrialization and urbanization, which is deploying harmful impacts both on human health as well as aquatics ecosystem and environment. Improper management of industrial and seawage effluents are major causes of river water pollution. The microorganisms within the water are prime sources to cause different water borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Scabies, Asthma etc. To find out the remedies to this problem, urgent emphasis should be given on preventive measures and to take appropriate steps to improve the existing pollution of the rivers. A lots of water treatment systems like physical chemical treatments, microbial remediation, wetland remediation etc. are being practiced throughout the world to restore the health of the rivers. So, our government should take necessary steps to prevent river water as soon as possible.
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Hwang, Ju Ha, Su Hee Park, and Chul Min Song. "A Study on an Integrated Water Quantity and Water Quality Evaluation Method for the Implementation of Integrated Water Resource Management Policies in the Republic of Korea." Water 12, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092346.
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The existing methods of river evaluation tend to focus exclusively on water quantity; therefore, they do not provide a suitable methodology for integrated water management. In this study, research was carried out to develop an integrated river evaluation system that can simultaneously consider water quantity and water quality to improve the existing river evaluation methods. To this end, specific indicators were established to evaluate water quantity and water quality; moreover, an integrated evaluation formula was developed to express each indicator as an index. The integrated evaluation formula used additive functions and enabled integrated and comprehensive river evaluation through the sum of each indicator’s indices. The research subjects were rivers in the Paldang watershed, which surrounds important water resources in rep. of Korea. The rivers were analyzed using the study’s integrated river evaluation formula to identify the deteriorated grade of the water quality as well as the water quantity. Finally, the results of the integrated river evaluation rating were found to be poor or very poor. Based on this, the study determined that an integrated river management policy is required to simultaneously consider water quantity and water quality to restore the integrity of the rivers in the Special Countermeasures Area. The existing evaluations of rivers, which had been conducted only with a focus on water quantity, could be judged narrow or incomplete results. Based on this finding, it was also possible to identify an urgent need for a basic river management plan that can consider both water quantity and water quality organically. Ultimately, the study demonstrated that its methodology was able to make highly intuitive judgments about rivers’ current conditions; thus, it can be utilized to generate basic data for the establishment of customized river management policies.
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Walks, D. J. "Persistence of plankton in flowing water." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-131.
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Models of river plankton frequently suggest that these passively drifting communities are limited to downstream sections of larger rivers. I examine this hypothesis using a passive drift model for populations in advective environments, followed by a comparison of predicted and observed plankton populations in rivers. Under the scenario of continuous downstream drift, much of the plankton found in rivers is not predicted to occur. However, much of the observed plankton in rivers is explained through the addition of cross-channel flow heterogeneity to the model. Empirical data support the model and predict that many river plankton populations may be drifting downstream at less than 30% of the average rate of downstream flow. Plankton collections in the slower-moving edges of rivers demonstrate densities of up to 240% higher than those in adjacent midchannel flows (p = 0.009). These slow-moving areas are important habitat for river plankton and likely play a large role in planktonic food webs within rivers. These results may help explain why river productivity often decreases as a result of the loss of flow heterogeneity within river channels through human modification to landscapes.
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V. Romero, Raymundo. "ESTIMATING CULVERT CAPACITY TO RESIST FLOOD WATER." Engineering and Technology Journal 08, no. 02 (February 3, 2023): 1974–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/etj/v8i2.02.
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Kulasi is one of the main rivers with catchment areas located in eastern part going down Mt. Isarog. The passage of the river crosses important roads and highways within the lower portion of the mountain, made of culverts and mostly were destroyed during the passage of typhoon Ulysses with international name VAMCO. This study describes a situation of the water course crossing after the extreme typhoon event. It derived hydrologic models that will be used to estimate the capacity of the culvert to handle excessive storm water event and it estimated the capacity of the culverts using the derived models. The evidences of culvert failure in different portions were presented. With known data of precipitation, watershed area, river surface slope and other parameters hydrologic modeling was shown to define the discharge capacity of the culvert pipe line at identified portion of the river. The capacity of the culvert pipe line was then computed using the derived hydrologic models. With the presented table, it expressed the capacity that flood water flow be accommodated in terms of actual precipitation and discharge at certain culvert pipe line. The procedure used on this study may be applied in other portions of the river and in other rivers.
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Kozaki, Daisuke, Mohd Hasbi bin Ab Rahim, Wan Mohd Faizal bin Wan Ishak, Mashitah M. Yusoff, Masanobu Mori, Nobutake Nakatani, and Kazuhiko Tanaka. "Assessment of the River Water Pollution Levels in Kuantan, Malaysia, Using Ion-Exclusion Chromatographic Data, Water Quality Indices, and Land Usage Patterns." Air, Soil and Water Research 9 (January 2016): ASWR.S33017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s33017.
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Water qualities of three suburban rivers, namely, Kuantan, Belat, and Galing rivers, in Kuantan, Malaysia, were examined effectively by using ion-exclusion/cation-exchange chromatography with water quality indices and land usage data. Specifically, we have focused on evaluating and grasping the effect of sewage/household wastewater discharged from housing areas in the Kuantan district on the river water quality. Based on this study, the following beneficial information were obtained effectively: (1) the pollution levels in the three rivers (Kuantan River: Classes I–III, Belat River: Classes I–III, and Galing River: Classes I–V) are linked with the urbanization level of the river basin area; (2) differences in the biological reactions in the different pollution level rivers are understood; (3) Galing River is among the most polluted rivers not only in Kuantan but also in the Peninsular Malaysia, owing to poor water treatment of the sewage/household wastewater discharged from the river basin area.
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He, Xu, and Hou Siyan. "Study on the Causes of Water Environmental Pollution of Important Rivers in Haihe River Basin and Countermeasures." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 04023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104023.
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The water quality of six important rivers in Haihe River Basin, including Yongding River, Luanhe River, North Canal, Daqing River, South Canal and Chaobai River, was evaluated. The influence of point source and non-point source on water quality was analyzed. The causes of water environmental pollution in the major rivers were preliminarily revealed. The results show that the water quality of Chaobai River is good, and the impact of point source and non-point source discharge on the water body is small. Other rivers are affected by different degrees of point source and non-point source pollution. Based on the analysis results, the engineering measures and management countermeasures for river regulation are put forward.
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Tran, Sy Hai, Minh Hung Nguyen, Van Ga Nguyen, Duc Trung Nguyen, and Ba Trung Nguyen. "Research on the carrying capacity of intra-provincial rivers in Bac Ninh province." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, no. 6 (June 25, 2023): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(6).52-57.
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The article presented the research results on the carrying capacity of some intra-provincial rivers in Bac Ninh province, using indirect assessment methods to assess the capacity of receiving wastewater and the carrying capacity of the river. The results of this study were the basis for Bac Ninh province to publish information on the environment of rivers and river sections that are no longer capable of carrying loads. The results showed that the whole Ngu Huyen Khe river was polluted, and no longer capable of receiving more pollutant loads of waste sources. For the Tao Khe river, section 1 of the river was still capable of receiving additional loads; from section 2 to section 6, the water quality indicators were completely unable to receive additional pollutant loads from waste sources. For Ngu river, section 1 and section 2, water quality was severely degraded, however, from section 3 to section 6, the water quality was somewhat improved. For Dau river, the whole river has reduced water quality and was no longer able to accept the pollutant load from the discharge sources. For Bui river, the water quality can be assessed as slightly polluted. For Dong Khoi river, the whole river had quite good water quality. Comparing pollution levels among rivers showed that the pollution level of Ngu Huyen Khe river, Dau river and Tao Khe river was the highest, and the ability to receive wastewater was almost no longer available. The rivers with less pollution were the Ngu and Bui rivers, the river with the best water quality is the Dong Khoi river.
9
Zijian, Chi, and Menghan Deng. "River Water." Chinese Literature Today 5, no. 2 (September 2016): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21514399.2016.11834090.
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Kazi M Maraz, Nanda Karmaker, Farhana Islam, Kazi Mahfuzul Haque, Marjanul Haque, Afrina K Piya, MM Raihan, Mazharul Islam, and Ruhul A Khan. "Analysis of water samples of four central rivers of Bangladesh." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.1.0153.
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Four central rivers of Bangladesh were selected for this research. The name of the rivers is Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, Shitalakshya and Meghna. The Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and Salinity of the four river waters were evaluated. The EC values of the water of the Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, Shitalakshya and Meghna rivers were found to be 366.0, 299.2, 290.4 and 130.8 µS/cm respectively. Similarly, the pH values of 7.67, 7.38, 7.30 and 7.18 were found for the river waters of the Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, Shitalakshya and Meghna respectively. The EC and pH values were found higher for the Buriganga river water than that of the other three river waters. The TDS and salinity of the Buriganga river water were found 180 mg/l and 0.72% respectively. On the other hand, the TDS and salinity of the Meghna river water was found lower compared to the other three rivers. From this research, this is clear that the quality of the Meghna river water is much better than the river waters of the Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, and Shitalakshya. The quality of the Buriganga river water was found inferior. Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh, stands on the bank of the Buriganga river, and as a result a large number of unban waste goes directly to the river Buriganga. As a result, the water of Buriganga became polluted. This investigation proved that the Meghna river water quality is still much better and suitable for many applications.
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Shamima Shultana, Kazi M. Maraz, Farhana Islam, Kazi M. Haque, Md. Mukul Hossain, Md. Marjanul Haque, Md. Razzak, and Ruhul A. Khan. "Investigation of the water samples of six central rivers of Banglades." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.10.3.0072.
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Six central rivers of Bangladesh were selected for this investigation. The name of the rivers are Meghna, Shitalakshya, Dhaleshwari, Padma, Buriganga and Turag. The Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Turbidity of the six river waters were evaluated. The EC values of the water of the Meghna, Shitalakshya, Dhaleshwari, Padma, Buriganga and Turag rivers were found to be 202.8, 225.8, 362, 264.4, 586 and 609 µS/cm respectively. The EC values were found higher for the Turag River water than that of the other five river waters. Similarly, the pH values of 6.8, 6.8, 6.6, 6.5, 6.4 and 6.5 were found for the river waters of the Meghna, Shitalakshya, Dhaleshwari, Padma, Buriganga and Turag respectively. The pH values were found lower for the Turag river water than that of the other five river waters. The TDS and salinity of the Turag river water were found 305 ppm and 1.2% respectively. On the other hand, the TDS and salinity of the Meghna river water was found 101.4 and 0.4% which is lower compared to the other five rivers. From this research, this is clear that the quality of the Meghna river water is much better than the river waters of the Shitalakshya, Dhaleshwari, Padma, Buriganga and Turag. The quality of the Turag river water was found inferior. The Turag is one of the most important rivers of Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh, and a large number of unban waste goes directly to the river Turag. As a result, the water of Turag river became deteriorated. This investigation proved that the Meghna river water quality is still much better and suitable for many applications.
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Rahangdale, Kushal, Joshua Khaire, Vasundhara Bhoyar, Himani Patil, Gajendra Thakre, Yugandhara Bawane, Gaurav Parashar, and Shubham Kamble. "Pollution Study Of Near By River (Nag River)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40802.
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Abstract: A nature is changing its form day by day. As we seen change in natures form, the quality of environment is depleting day by day and Environment mainly depends on the air & water. The water in the river exposes to environment during flowing and passes through various regions & may result in carrying polluted water. Water quality of river is depleting day by day due the wanted and unwanted activities of the human being. The majority of India's rivers are heavily polluted as a result of human activity, which is a huge worry. The water quality of the Nag river in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, is determined in this project. Recently, different unending attempts have been done in this field to add Nag River to the city's historical list. This river runs through the city and serves as a waste water drainage system for Nagpur. Nagpur's urban waste pollution has severely harmed the environment of the rivers. Because such polluted waste affects all metabolic, physiological, and biological processes of aquatic organisms, it is critical to research physic-chemical features of water. The water will be tested for pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, ammonia, and other important water quality characteristics. The effluent samples will be collected from different locations. Keywords: Quality of Water Nag River, Parameter.
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Bhalla, Resham, Waykar B.B, and Balwinder Sekhon. "Water quality assessment of Godavari river water at Nashik." Environment Conservation Journal 13, no. 3 (December 20, 2012): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2012.130308.
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Rivers are vital and vulnerable freshwater systems that are critical for the sustenance of aquatic life and also the main resource for domestic, industrial and agricultural purpose. Godavari is one of the sacred river rises near the Trimbakeshwar in the district of Nasik in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The river is approximately 1,465 km long and has a total catchment area of 31 mha. It flows in the eastward direction through the states of Maharashtra and joins the Bay of Bengal in Andhra Pradesh. Godavari river is under the serious threat as a result of the growing urbanization and industrialization and river water is used for irrigation, drinking and domestic purpose. Therefore the water quality of Godavari river was assessed by determining physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Dissolved oxygen, Biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Phosphates, Sulphates and heavy metals like Na, K, Fe, Pb at three locations S1, S2 and S3 during winter, summer and monsoon seasons in the year Nov. 2008 to Oct. 2010. The standard deviation and coefficient correlation of physico-chemical parameters was also calculated. The variations observed in physico-chemical parameters of Godavari river water during the study period may be due to increased influx of sewage, domestic and agricultural wastes which may vary from simple nutrients to toxic and hazardous substances thus making the river water unfit for drinking and domestic purpose.
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Qi, Lan, Ya Zhang, Jing Peng, Chaolong Qi, Jinhui Huang, and Dewen Liu. "Water requirement of vegetation and infiltration method for determining the ecological water requirement of dried-up rivers." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 3 (November 15, 2013): 566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.743.
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Many rivers in the region of northwest China are drying up, and the ecological environment is getting worse. Studying methods of calculating the ecological water requirement (EWR) for dried-up rivers will help to slow down the deterioration of the ecological environment and conserve biodiversity. The water requirement of vegetation and infiltration (WRVI) method is proposed in this paper. This method focuses on dried-up rivers and takes the water requirement of vegetation and river bed infiltration into consideration. This is different from the conventional methods, which only focus on the rivers that have a flow rate. Due to drying, the ecological environment is worsening year by year in the lower reaches of the Zhang River in the Haihe River Basin in northwest China. This river is used as an example to determine the EWR, and the results are compared with another method. The results show that the WRVI method can calculate the EWR more accurately by considering various factors in different years and months for dried-up rivers.
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Shizuma, Kiyoshi, Wim Ikbal Nursal, and Yushi Sakurai. "Long-Term Monitoring of Radiocesium Concentration in Sediments and River Water along Five Rivers in Minami-Soma City during 2012–2016 Following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081319.
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Radiocesium monitoring in sediments and river water has been conducted along five rivers in Minami-Soma City during 2012–2016 to clarify the temporal changes of radiocesium contamination in these rivers. Sampling has been performed annually under normal flow conditions. Sediment and river water samples were collected from four or five sampling sites along each river. Gamma-ray measurements of sediments were performed using a low-background Ge detector and unfiltered river water was utilized to determine radiocesium concentration using a well-type Ge detector. The 137Cs concentration in sediments was highest at upstream sites and slowly decreased to downstream sites for all rivers reflecting the high radioactive contamination in the upstream area. Temporal decrease of the 137Cs concentration was observed in sediments and river water for each river. The effective half-lives were 1.3–2.1 y for sediments, and 0.9–2.1 y for river water from rivers with upstream dams. On the undammed river, the effective half-lives were 4.7 y and 3.7 y for sediment and river water, respectively. Much longer effective-half-lives might reflect the direct transfer of radiocesium from forests and plains to the river. The 137Cs concentration in riverbed was low in downstream areas, however, accumulation of 137Cs over the floodplain was observed. Rapid decrease of 137Cs contamination through rivers will put residents at ease, but high accumulation of radiocesium over floodplains should be noted for future river decontamination.
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Ahmad, A. K., A. Hafizah, and S. O. Sharifah Aisyah. "Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) diversity in relation to water quality of highland rivers at Cameron Highlands, Malaysia." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 3(SI) (May 31, 2021): 824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/3(si)/jeb-14.
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Aim: This study aims to determine Chironomidae diversity and distribution in three small rivers at Cameron Highlands in relation to their response to water quality conditions. Methodology: Fifteen sites from three rivers (Palas River, Pauh River and Bertam River) were chosen for water quality measurements and Chironomidae sampling. Water quality was analysed following APHA standard methods and chironomid was identified to genus level. The rivers were classified based on Malaysian’s Water Quality Index (WQI) and macroinvertebrates diversity and distribution was analysed using diversity indices. Comparison between sites and river was undertaken using one-way ANOVA and chironomid appearance in relation to water quality was evaluated using Pearson correlation test. Results: Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) distribution at high altitude rivers in Malaysia is not well documented although this group of insect has a wide range of distribution in tropical region. Based on Malaysian water quality index (WQI), result shows all rivers were in Class I. Although still in Class I, Bertam River has slight lower water quality due to higher ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids. The diversity indices also demonstrate that Bertam Rivers was in stress conditions, and other two were in moderate conditions. Three subfamilies (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae and Tanypodinae) were recorded, which comprises of 1963 individuals. Tvetenia (Subfamily: Orthocladiinae) was the most dominant but only dominated Palas River and Pauh River. Another genus from Orthocladiinae (Crocotopus and Rheocrocotopus) also recorded dominant only in Palas River and Pauh River, but lesser in Bertam River. Only Polypedilum (Subfamily: Chironominae) which was second highest recorded, dominated in all rivers, even highest in Bertam River. Amongst dominant genus, only Polypedilum was found dominant in all rivers, others were only dominating Palas River and Pauh River only. Interpretation: This findings exhibit wide range of adaptations and potential use of Polypedilum as biological indicator. Due to availability of incomplete keys, identification to species level cannot be undertaken. However, this study reveals thirteen different sub-group of Polypedilum based mouthpart organs, which represent different species for tropical ecosystems.
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Salman, Nurcholis. "ANALYSIS AND MONITORING OF RIVER WATER QUALITY IN TASIKMALAYA CITY." Volume 5 No. 1 March 2021 5, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v5i1.3786.
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The rivers flowing through the City of Tasikmalaya include the Citanduy River, the Ciloseh River, the Ciwulan River and the Cibanjaran River. While the tributaries are the Cibanjaran River which include the Cihideung/ Dalem Suba River, the Cipedes River, the Ciromban River, the Cidukuh River, the Cicacaban River, the Cibadodon River, the Cikalang River, the Tonggong Londok River, the Cibeureum River and the Cimulu River. These rivers flow and empty into the Citanduy River. The aims and objectives of this study are environmental quality monitoring activities, especially the quality of river water in the Tasikmalaya City. To find out in more detail and carefully the level of pollution that occurs, this study aims to conduct water quality monitoring so that the resulting data can determine the source of pollutants that cause deterioration of river water quality. Monitoring was conducted during the rainy season and the dry season. Based on the monitoring, it appears that the river being monitored does not meet the quality standards as a class II water body with varying status ranging from lightly polluted to heavily polluted. Parameters that do not meet quality standards include TSS, BOD, COD, nitrite, Cr6+, Zn, free chlorine, Total Phosphate, oil and fat, E. Coli and Total Coliform.
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Smith, Devin F., W. Berry Lyons, Tiernan Henry, Raymond Flynn, and Anne E. Carey. "Irish surface water response to the 2018 drought." PLOS Water 2, no. 11 (November 14, 2023): e0000197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000197.
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Intense weather events are projected to increase as a consequence of climate change. The summer 2018 drought in Europe impacted human health, ecosystems, and economic prosperity. Even locations with an abundance of fresh water, like Ireland, faced water restrictions due to depleted supplies. To characterize the effect of the 2018 drought on Irish rivers, we collected surface water samples from rivers across the island at the drought onset and termination. We analyzed samples for stable water isotopes δ18O and δ2H and calculated the fraction of evaporation from river groundwater and precipitation inflow (E/I) of rivers. We extended river δ18O and δ2H analysis to 2020 for rivers in two catchments, Corrib and Shannon, to investigate how Irish river systems respond to high precipitation events, and the role of loughs (lakes) in the system. River δ18O and δ2H values showed progressive depletion from west to east in response to precipitation depletion from airmasses arriving off the Atlantic Ocean. From onset to termination of the 2018 drought, river δ18O and δ2H values were enriched and the calculated E/I value increased for most rivers. D-excess were negatively correlated with E/I value, providing support for E/I calculations. Extended analysis of loughs along the Corrib and Shannon river systems showed that lough Corrib consistently induced isotopic enrichment, while loughs in the Shannon catchment inconsistently caused isotopic enrichment. Both systems exert control over river isotopic composition in hydrologic extremes. Findings promote additional research in hydrologic patterns in response to increasing frequency of floods and droughts.
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Gensen, Matthijs R. A., Jord J. Warmink, Fredrik Huthoff, and Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher. "Feedback Mechanism in Bifurcating River Systems: the Effect on Water-Level Sensitivity." Water 12, no. 7 (July 5, 2020): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071915.
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Accurate and reliable estimates of water levels are essential to assess flood risk in river systems. In current practice, uncertainties involved and the sensitivity of water levels to these uncertainties are studied in single-branch rivers, while many rivers in deltas consist of multiple distributaries. In a bifurcating river, a feedback mechanism exists between the downstream water levels and the discharge distribution at the bifurcation. This paper aims to quantify the sensitivity of water levels to main channel roughness in a bifurcating river system. Water levels are modelled for various roughness scenarios under a wide range of discharge conditions using a one-dimensional hydraulic model. The results show that the feedback mechanism reduces the sensitivity of water levels to local changes of roughness in comparison to the single-branch river. However, in the smaller branches of the system, water-level variations induced by the changes in discharge distribution can exceed the water-level variations of the single-branch river. Therefore, water levels throughout the entire system are dominated by the conditions in the largest branch. As the feedback mechanism is important, the river system should be considered as one interconnected system in river maintenance of rivers, flood-risk analyses, and future planning of river engineering works.
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Chunarov, O. A. "COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE INTRA-ANNUAL WATER RUNOFF DISTRIBUTION OF THE RIVERS THE ROS AND UBORT." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 3 (58) (2020): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2020.3.7.
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The article examines the intra-annual distribution of water runoff of the Ros and Ubort rivers, as well as its comparative assessment. The rivers Ros and Ubort were chosen for further research, because according to geographical conditions, river basins belong to natural and regulated water bodies. The rivers Ros and Ubort are characterized by summer-autumn and winter lows, which are disturbed by separate rises in water levels during rains or melting snow. The formation of the main part of river runoff is due to spring flooding. The initial data for studying the intra-annual distribution of runoff were the data of average annual water flow in the confluence of the rivers Ros and Ubort, namely: the river Ros – Korsun-Shevchenkivsky and the river Ubort – Perga for the entire period of hydrological observations. The initial data are the average annual water consumption of the closing sections of the Ros and Ubort rivers for the entire observation period. To confirm (or refute) the changes in the water content of the studied rivers, the homogeneity of some of their runoff characteristics was analyzed by different methods. Statistical methods for estimating the homogeneity of hydrological series are used for quantities that are random and internally independent. The homogeneity of the series of average annual water consumption over a multi-year period is estimated according to the current hydrological posts of the basins of the rivers Ros and Ubort. The analysis of previous publications on the intra-annual distribution of river water runoff for the territory of the studied river basins, the influence of climatic factors on the change of river runoff, as well as summarizes the results of these studies. The intra-annual distribution of river water runoff for years of different water content and separate phases for the basins of both studied rivers is calculated by the season composition method. The comparative characteristics of the obtained results are carried out and the common hydrological characteristics and significant differences in the studied river basins are revealed.
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AL-Mahmood, Hassan K. H. "Hydrological changes in the lower part of Mesopotamian Basin." Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture 12, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/ijaq.v12i1.128.
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This study was examined the hydrological changes in the water ways for the and the marshes associated with them in Southern part of lower Mesopotamian catchment area (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their branches in Amarah, Nasiriyah and Basra ) and the main tributaries of the Shatt al-Arab River( Swaib, Garmat Ali and Karun ), and the significant changes in the overall hydrological conditions of water discharge and water quality. Water discharge and water samples were collected quarterly for four sites during 2011, the laboratory analysis were performed to determine physical and chemical characteristics at these sites. Results shows that the quarterly water discharge rate in Tigris River is seasanal 41.05 m3/s at Qalaat saleh, Euphrates River at Chabaish 11.65 m3/s, Shatt Al-Arab River in Qurna 39.65m3/sec, that the Garmat Ali to cause the loss of an average of 20.1 m 3 / sec from Shatt al-Arab water into to Hor Alhammar, during a seasonal fluctuation between summer and winter, causes water relapsing during the winter water Contamination of the central part of the Shatt al-Arab. Clear water shortage reflected on water quality in Southern Iraqi Rivers and their branches. While water salinity is ranging between 1.31-1.42 gm/l in Tigris River, 3.46-5.15 gm/l in Euphrates River, 2.00-2.29 gm/l in Garmat Ali River, 1.00 -1.98 gm/l in Ezz River and 1.59-1.83 gm/l in Shatt al-Arab River . This study shows that the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers suffer of large water scarcity and lack of supply from Swaib and Garmat Ali Rivers to the Shatt al-Arab, as well as stop the flow of Karun River to the Shatt al-Arab and wasting a large portion of water from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to restore some parts of Southern Iraqi marshes. the contribution of the Euphrates River in the salinity of the Shatt al-Arab 50% during the winter, Although the total discharge does not exceed 25% , and the contribution of the Garmat Ali 30% and 20% of the Tigris River, while the effect of the salt of the Tigris River 100 % during the summer. The study concludes that the hydrological situation in the study area is continuous deterioration due to absence of any instant or far-reaching strategies to handle this deterioration, which calls for the intensification of future studies in various disciplines related to water resources management.
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Ju, Qianqian, Changshun Liu, and Shan Jiang. "Integrated Evaluation of Rivers Based upon the River Happiness Index (RHI): Happy Rivers in China." Water 14, no. 16 (August 20, 2022): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162568.
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How to better harmonize the relationship between humans and rivers is a global issue of widespread concern at home and abroad, and science-based and integrated evaluation of rivers themselves is crucial to river management. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and according to the World Happiness Report and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, this paper argues that a happy river is a river that can maintain its own health, support high-quality economic and social development in the river basin and the region, reflect harmony between humans and water, and give people in the river basin a high sense of security and the ability to gain and satisfaction. This paper also analyzes happy rivers at five levels, including water security, water resources, water environment, water ecology, and water culture, and develops the River Happiness Index (RHI) and its indicator system, as well as assesses the overall river happiness in China’s 10 first-grade water resource zones. The results show that China’s RHI is at a medium level, with flood control capacity at a near-good level. On the grounds of the RHI evaluation results, the paper puts forward targeted measures for river basin governance, and provides a systematic solution to national river protection and governance.
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Guan, Xiaoyan, Xiaoqiang Ren, Yuan Tao, Xiaomin Chang, and Bing Li. "Study of the Water Environment Risk Assessment of the Upper Reaches of the Baiyangdian Lake, China." Water 14, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162557.
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The risk assessment of water environments provides important references for water environment risk management. In this paper, the water environment risk of the upper rivers of the Baiyangdian Lake is assessed, considering both cumulative and sudden environmental risk. For the cumulative environmental risk assessment of the rivers, the characteristics of pollution transmissibility and accumulation in rivers was considered firstly. Furthermore, suggestions for the control of water environment pollution in the Baiyangdian Basin are given. The results indicate that the cumulative water environment risks of the Xiaoyi River—Dingzhou County, Xiaoyi River—Anguo County, Xiaoyi River—Boye County, and Xiaoyi River—Li County are high. The amount of fertilizer applied per unit of cultivated area, water quality, rate of water quality above the standard in water function zoning, and the ratio of environmental investment to gross domestic product (GDP) are important factors influencing the cumulative water environment risk. For sudden water environment assessments, the Xiaoyi River—Boye County is high. In the future, reducing the intensity of fertilizer application, strengthening the water quality control of the rivers, as well as upgrading the industry, should be carried out to protect the water environment in the Baiyangdian Basin.
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Li, Xiangnan, Baisha Weng, Denghua Yan, Tianling Qin, Kun Wang, Wuxia Bi, Zhilei Yu, and Batsuren Dorjsuren. "Anthropogenic Effects on Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of River Water in Cities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 4429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224429.
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Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are important indicators for studying water cycles. The isotopes are not only affected by climate, but are also disturbed by human activities. Urban construction has changed the natural attributes and underlying surface characteristics of river basins, thus affecting the isotopic composition of river water. We collected urban river water isotope data from the Global Network for Isotopes in Rivers (GNIR) database and the literature, and collected river water samples from the Naqu basin and Huangshui River basin on the Tibetan Plateau to measure hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. Based on 13 pairs of urban area and non-urban area water samples from these data, the relationship between the isotopic values of river water and the artificial surface area of cities around rivers was analyzed. The results have shown that the hydrogen and oxygen isotope (δD and δ18O) values of river water in urban areas were significantly higher than those in non-urban areas. The isotopic variability of urban and non-urban water was positively correlated with the artificial surface area around the rivers. In addition, based on the analysis of isotope data from 21 rivers, we found that the cumulative effects of cities on hydrogen and oxygen isotopes have led to differences in surface water line equations for cities with different levels of development. The combined effects of climate and human factors were the important reasons for the variation of isotope characteristics in river water in cities. Stable isotopes can not only be used to study the effects of climate on water cycles, but also serve as an important indicator for studying the degree of river development and utilization.
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Smilii, Pavlo, Igor Gopchak, and Tetіana Basiuk. "ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RIVER QUALITY IN ZHYTOMYR REGION (WITHIN THE PRIPYAT RIVER BASIN)." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 63 (2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2021.63.60-66.
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Purpose – perform an ecological assessment of the quality of the rivers of Zhytomyr region (within the pool of the Pripyat river). Method. The study was conducted according to systematic observations based on the ecological classification of the quality of surface water and estuates in Ukraine, which includes a set of hydrophysical, hydrochemical, hydrobiological and other indicators reflecting the peculiarities of components of aqueous ecosystems. On the basis of common environmental criteria, the methodology makes it possible to compare the quality of water at different sites of water bodies, in water bodies of different regions. The calculation of the ecological assessment of water quality was carried out within three blocks: block of salt composition (І1), block of trophic-saprobiological (ecological-sanitary) indicators (І2) and block of indicators of content of specific substances of toxic action (І3). The results are presented in the form of a combined environmental assessment based on the final conclusions of the three blocks and based on the calculation of the integrated environmental index (IE). Results. An analysis of the modern ecological state of the rivers of the Zhytomyr region was carried out (within the Pripyat River Basin) and an assessment of the quality of their water according to the relevant categories. The results of observations on the qualitative state of surface water of the rivers of the rivers, uz, yarn, norin (within the Zhytomyr region) indicate their satisfactory condition. Water rivers, uz, norin correspond to the III class of water quality ("satisfactory" by class, "weakly polluted" by degree of purity). The best quality of surface water is observed in the river the river (II quality class, "good" by class, "fairly clean" by degree of purity). The greatest influence on the formation of water quality in rivers studied have indicators of a trophy-saprobiological block. This is due to a high anthropogenic load in river basins, in the first place discharges of insufficient sewage. Scientific novelty. For the first time on the basis of analytical studies and stock materials, an ecological evaluation of the surface water of the rivers of the rivers, shoving, UZ, Norin within the Zhytomyr region in three blocks of indicators: saline composition, trophoprobiological parameters and specific substances of toxic action. The integral ecological index is determined. The tendencies of accumulation of pollutants in the surface waters of rivers studied are established. Practical significance. The studies have allowed to analyze and evaluate the environmental state of the rivers of the rivers of the Zhytomyr region within the pool of the Pripyat River, which will establish the environmental standards of water quality and to determine the basic directions to improve the state of water resources and substantiate the system of recommendations aimed at improving the environmental status of the studied. pools within the area.
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Cheng, Bo, and Huaien Li. "Determination of River Ecological Base Flow Based on the Coupling Relationship of Sediment–Water Quality–Biodiversity in Water Shortage Area of Northwest China." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 7, 2023): 13431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813431.
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Maintaining the integrity of ecosystem service functions of rivers has become the top issue in the water shortage area of Northwest China. By combining the coupling relationship of sediment, water quality, and biodiversity and the hydraulic relationship of the section, we established a quantitative calculation method for the river ecological base flow, which is mainly divided into the following three steps: first, we determined the reasonable ecological flow velocity range of rivers via water purification, maintaining the river geometry and biodiversity; second, we combined the hydraulic relationship between the river ecological velocity range and the river ecological base flow to determine the protection target of the river ecological base flow; finally, we combined the remaining water volume of rivers and ecological base flow protection target of rivers to determine their protection rate. Take the Baoji section of the Weihe River as an example: the results show that the ecological base flow in the Baoji section of the Weihe River is [6.26, 9.17 m3/s] and [32.94, 38.93 m3/s] from October of this year to May of next year and from June to September, respectively, and the protection rates of the ecological base flow for five typical years are 62.47%, 41.10%, 16.16%, 15.07%, and 10.68%. These coupling methods can also be used in the world’s river basin, which has similar problems.
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Komariah, Imas, and Toru Matsumoto. "INVESTIGATION ON THE EXPERT COMMUNITIES AWARENESS OF THE URBAN RIVER WATER QUALITY, CASE STUDY OF SUGUTAMU RIVER, INDONESIA." Journal Sampurasun : Interdisciplinary Studies for Cultural Heritage 2, no. 01 (October 17, 2016): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/sampurasun.v2i01.119.
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Many rivers in urban areas in Indonesia are commonly used as raw water sources for drinking water purposes. Therefore, the water quality of the rivers needs to be maintained. River restoration program becomes a major priority in improving the water sector and environmental, particularly in big cities in Indonesia. Sugutamu River is one of the main rivers passing through the Depok City, West Province of Indonesia. High population . Stakeholder participations should be considered when implementing a participatory program in river restoration project. This program can be developed by increasing the awareness of the community. One of the most important communities is the ‘expert’ communities. In this research, economists, environmental specialists, river engineers, urban planners are selected as the ‘expert’ community. Questionnaires were distributed to the expert communities to investigate how the respondents concern about the importance of river water quality. The result shows that the awareness of the expert community on river water quality and its improvement is higher than on other aspects.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "The Limnological Effects of River Lesser-Zab on Tigris River, Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 4, no. 3 (September 2, 2007): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.4.3.452-457.
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The present study included the physico-chemical parameters of Lesser-Zab river and its effects on Tigris river. Monthly water samples were taken from the two rivers during January to October 1999.There were no signifcant difference in water temperatures. Both rivers were fresh to oligohalin, alkaline and very hard. Close values were determined in total suspended solids in both rivers with little increasing during rainfall period and high discharge. Water was well areated and over saturation was recorded in several occasions. Dissolved oxygen values of Tigris river were influenced by Lesser-Zab. Cations were more dominant than anions in both rivers. In Lesser-Zab, the anions were increased during spring season and declined in summer which their values influenced in Tigris river. The concentration of plant nutrients (NO2,NO3,PO4 and SiO2) were fluctuated during the study period in Lesser-Zab and their effects were cleared on Tigris river.N:P ratio values were indicated the deficiency of nitrogen in both rivers.
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Pohan, Nur Hasanah, and Arman Harahap. "Analisis Kualitas Air di Sungai Marbau." BIOEDUSAINS:Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v6i1.5360.
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This study aims to analyze the quality of river water and the water quality status of the Marbau watershed in North Labuhanbatu Regency based on water quality criteria and to formulate a pollution control strategy that needs to be implemented. The method used is a quantitative descriptive method by analyzing the status of river water quality based on the pollution index. The results showed that the P1 value of Marbau river water ranged from 0.94 to 1.82. The recommended pollution control strategies are: 1) maintaining river protection zones involving environmental cadres and green communities in monitoring; 2) monitoring and controlling water pollution along the river; 3) improve river water quality monitoring; 5) supervision of the discharge of waste water into rivers; 4) granting permits for disposal of wastewater (IPLC) into rivers must pay attention to the condition of the capacity to accommodate river pollution loads and enforce environmental law against business actors who violate established environmental quality standards. In conclusion, the quality of the Marbau river has decreased with the water quality status being slightly polluted. The recommendations for water pollution control strategies that need to be implemented are progressive strategies.
Keywords: Water Quality, North Labuhanbatu, Marbau
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Kinoshita, Hidetoshi. "River water purification. The purification of Tama river water." Japan journal of water pollution research 12, no. 7 (1989): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.12.413.
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He, Fei, Qiuying Lai, Jie Ma, Geng Wei, and Weixin Li. "Numerical Simulations of Sudden Oil Spills in Typical Cross-Border Rivers in the Yangtze River Delta Region." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 13029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122413029.
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The Taipu River is an important cross-border river in the Yangtze River Delta region and a direct channel connecting Taihu Lake and Huangpu River. Along the main stream of the Taipu River are many sources of water, such as the Wujiang, Dingzha, and Liantang Rivers. Many boats traverse these rivers transporting a wide variety of goods, including large quantities of oil, chemicals, and other dangerous goods. In the event of accidents on these vessels, spilled cargo will directly threaten the drinking water safety of people in the region. Aiming at simulating and assessing the environmental risks of sudden oil spills in rivers in the Yangtze River Delta region, this paper established a two-dimensional oil spill model of the typical transboundary Taipu River based on the MIKE21 water environment numerical simulation software developed by the Danish Institute of Water Conservancy. The established model will improve emergency response and treatment plans as well as our understanding of river oil spill progressions.
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KACHIASHVILI, K. J., and D. I. MELIKDZHANIAN. "IDENTIFICATION OF RIVER WATER EXCESSIVE POLLUTION SOURCES." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 05, no. 02 (June 2006): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622006001988.
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The program package for identification of river water excessive pollution sources located between two controlled cross-sections of the river is described in this paper. The software has been developed by the authors on the basis of mathematical models of pollutant transport in the rivers and statistical hypotheses checking methods. The identification algorithms were elaborated with the supposition that the pollution sources discharge different compositions of pollutants or (at the identical composition) different proportions of pollutants into the rivers.
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Khalik, I., A. Sapei, S. Hariyadi, and E. Anggraeni. "The Water Quality Characteristics and Quality Status of Bengkulu River and Nelas River, Bengkulu Province: Conditions for The Last Six Years." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 950, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/950/1/012038.
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Abstract The existence of extractive activities around the river has a negative impact on the quality of river water. This study aims to provide an overview of water quality characteristics and water quality status of Bengkulu River and Nelas River in Bengkulu Province. The data used is river quality monitoring conducted by the Environment and Forestry Service of Bengkulu Province from 2014 to 2019. Measurements are carried out twice a year representing, the dry season (March to June) and the rainy season (September to December). The observation stations representing upstream, middle and downstream of rivers conditions. The parameters observed were physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The water quality status is determined using the Storet Index. The results show that both rivers have Storet Index >-31. It means that these river water are heavily polluted. Parameters that have exceeded the water quality standard are TSS, DO, BOD, COD, Fe, Mn, Cu, and total coliform. The river water quality parameters, especially heavy metals, may be caused by open land being washed and carried into the river body. The existence of population and animal activities as well as industrial waste outlets at upstream also affect the decline of river water quality.
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Chen, Zhenwei, Ruixia Li, and Demei Mao. "Truth Discovery Technology for Mobile Crowd Sensing in Water Quality Monitoring." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2023 (July 10, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4900238.
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The water quality of urban inland rivers is an important index of urban environmental health, which can reflect a city’s development level and its social and economic development. The water quality of these rivers strongly impacts the health and quality of life of the residents of urban and surrounding areas. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately assess the quality of water in urban inland rivers, which can also aid environmental protection departments in providing river governance. Generally, the water quality status of a city’s inland rivers is assessed and released by environmental monitoring stations in various regions that deploy the corresponding water quality detection equipment at certain major locations of the river. However, these detection devices can only detect water quality at fixed locations, and often, the water quality of an urban inland river changes owing to the impact of the surrounding environment and residents it serves. Therefore, the water quality around a detection point does not always reflect the water quality of the entire river section. To better express the water quality status of a city’s inland river, we propose a method based on a mobile crowd-sensing system that obtains the water quality data of the river during an entire period of time and then fuzes these sensing data to obtain the best truth-value estimate of the water quality of the river. We can use this water quality truth value to conduct an objective evaluation of the water quality of a city’s inland rivers. The water quality parameters obtained by the method can better represent the water quality status of the river, and the data are more accurate compared to the data collected and released by an environmental monitoring station. Through simulation and comparative analysis, we found that the water quality data obtained by the proposed method were more accurate, indicating that our method has more practical value than the detection device method.
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Lukіanets, O. I., O. H. Obodovskyi, and S. O. Moskalenko. "АVERAGE ANNUAL WATER FLOW OF THE RIVERS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS IN THE HIGH-WATER AND LOW-WATER PHASES OF THE WATER LEVEL." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 1 (67) (2023): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2023.1.2.
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he assessment of the average annual runoff of the rivers of the Ukrainian Carpathians in the high-water and low-water phases of water was carried out on the basis of a stochastic analysis and the identification of characteristic patterns of alternation of such periods within the boundaries of the Tisza, Dniester, Prut and Siret river systems. The study was carried out using a methodological base based on statistical means of generalization, data systematization, methods for estimating temporal random sequences, methods for analyzing the long-term variability of time series of water runoff characteristics and identifying their structure. As a result of the study, the variability in the structure of the time series of the average annual water discharge of the rivers of the Ukrainian Carpathians is clearly revealed. Such variability is similar for rivers within the studied river systems and is characterized by common patterns of stochastic relationships and cyclic fluctuations. The high reliability of cycles with periods of 29 ± 2 years indicates a stable recurrence of periods of high and low water content. The graphs of the relationships between the average annual water discharges during the periods of high and low water content and their average long-term values for the rivers of the Tisza, Prut and Siret river systems on the right bank of the Dniester showed that the qualitative characteristics of such relationships are assessed as very high. The estimates of water discharge in the water phase for the rivers of the Tisza, Prut, Siret and the right bank of the Dniester basins were checked using regression equations in comparison with empirical data and their high reliability (the probability of not exceeding probable deviations in dry periods was 77%, in high-water periods – 95%), which made it possible to generalize the probable expected average water discharges in the high-water and low-water phases of the cycle, depending on the average long-term values for the rivers of the studied basins of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Such generalizations can be used for prognostic estimates of possible values of water discharge in high-water and low-water phases for any river of the Ukrainian Carpathians. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account in which system of rivers it is located, to know the average long-term water discharge and the time frame and the chronology of the water phases.
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Kolesnikova, Evgeniia. "Environmental issues in sustainable use of water from minor and medium rivers in the Yenisei River Basin District." E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016303007.
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Minor and medium rivers of the Russian North regions are vulnerable to anthropogenic impact. The article deals with the water use problems in the Yenisei River Basin where about 90% of the rivers used for water supply are minor and medium. Aassessment of the main sources of anthropogenic impact at the rivers of the region is given. The article substantiates the main problems in sustainable use of water in the Yenisei River Basin, such as water pollution, regulation of river flow and water resource depletion. The methods of estimation of acceptable water intake are analyzed, empirical and analytical probability curves of water intake values for each season for eleven rivers are built. Environmental flow for eleven rivers, as the average month and average annual values, are calculated.
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Shokunbi, O. S., A. A. Badaru, and T. A. Adesalu. "Physicochemical characteristics and green microalgae composition of selected rivers in Ogun State, Nigeria." Ife Journal of Science 23, no. 2 (November 19, 2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v23i2.11.
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The river system is the most complex of the freshwater bodies in the world and is prone to pollution especially from anthropogenic activities and the quality of water, as partially determined by physicochemical properties, is very crucial for primary productivity in the aquatic environment. This study determined the physicochemical characteristics and green microalgae of water collected from Majopa, Ogunpa and Uren rivers in Ogun State, Nigeria. Surface water samples were collected from three different rivers using direct collection method into the labelled bottles for physicochemical characteristics determination, culturing and ecological studies. Water samples for ecological studies were fixed in 4% unbuffered formalin while sample for culturing were not fixed but growth stimulated using Bold Basal Medium (BBM) and Blue- Green Medium (BG-11). The physicochemical parameters varied widely with the profile of water sample from Ogunpa River being the most favourable for widest diversity of green microalgae of all three. The pH of the water samples were slightly acidic ranging between 6.3 and 6.5 for the rivers, while the lower dissolved oxygen (2.61-3.01 mg/L) recorded pointed to a stressed environment which probably accounted for lower number of microalgae taxa observed, especially in Majopa River. The ecological studies showed the presence of ten taxa from the division Chlorophyta with nine taxa from Ogunpa River and Scenedesmus sp. being dominant genus across the rivers. The microalgae diversity of the river water was Ogunpa River˃Uren River˃Majopa River. BBM supported growth of the microalgae much better. The physicochemical properties portrayed Majopa and Ogunpa River water as unfit for drinking, while that of Uren River is relatively fit for drinking. It is highly recommended that the microalgae reported therein be further characterised for various possible economic benefits.
Keywords: Growth, Microalgae, Nutrient, Ogun State, River, WaterDepth, Geothermal Energy
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Ayton, W. J. "Catchment Management Planning in the National Rivers Authority." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0133.
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The National Rivers Authority of England and Wales is a non-departmental governmental regulatory body with a range of responsibilities for the water environment. These include pollution control, water quality improvement, flood defence, water resource management, fisheries management, conservation of the natural water environment, promotion of water based recreation and also navigation in some locations. Arising from the multiple use of river systems, their interactions and use requirements, the concept of Catchment Management Planning has been developed. Each river use should have an assigned objective and standard determined in respect of water quality, water quantity and river topography. Catchment Management Plans are prepared in consultation with interested parties. A review of some European river management suggests the size of some rivers and the responsibilities of relevant organisations exacerbates comprehensive and integrated river management.
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Sarminingsih, Anik. "Water Resources Assessment for Raw Water Purposes in Serang Watershed, Kulonprogro." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 20, no. 2 (May 20, 2023): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v20i2.238-246.
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One source of raw water for drinking water is river water. The raw water source for drinking water must meet the requirements for quantity, continuity, and quality. Raw water for drinking water must meet class I water quality requirements. This study aims to assess of the potential for water availability and water quality in the Serang River. Analysis of water availability used statistical methods and simulated rainfall-runoff with the HEC-HMS model. Calibration of the hydrological model was carried out in sub-watersheds where there were observational discharge data. Water availability is reviewed in the second-order river. Water quality status was analyzed using the Pollutant Index and Storet methods. The results of the analysis of water availability for reliable discharge with a probability of 80%, 90%, and 95% in several sections of the Serang River to order 2 rivers can be presented in the form of a flow duration curve. The results of the analysis of the status of water quality in several sections of the upstream Serang river based on the Storet method and the Polluter Index method show that in general, it is in a slightly polluted condition.
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Mudumbi, J. B. N., S. K. O. Ntwampe, F. M. Muganza, and J. O. Okonkwo. "Perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate in South African river water." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 1 (October 17, 2013): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.566.
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This study examined the prevalence of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in river water samples (n = 56) and suspended solids (n = 5) from three major Western Cape rivers, in South Africa. Solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using an analytical method developed in ISO 25101 (2009), PFOS and PFOA concentration in river water and in suspended solids from the rivers was investigated and quantified. From the results, PFOA and PFOS were detected in all the river water samples and were found in concentrations up to 314 and 182 ng/L for Diep River; 390 and 47 ng/L for Salt River; and 146 and 23 ng/L for Eerste River, respectively. In suspended solids, concentrations for PFOS and PFOA were 28 and 26 ng/g for Diep River; 16 and less than limit of detection for Eerste River; and 14 and 5 ng/g for Salt River, respectively. Some of these concentrations are higher than those previously reported in similar studies in various countries, and this suggests there is a cause for concern, in the Western Cape, South Africa, particularly in catchments where river and ground water is drawn for agricultural purposes in the province.
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Rina Mailisa, Evta, Bambang Yulianto, and Budi Warsito. "Water quality condition of Sani river as source of drinking water of PDAM Tirta Bening in Pati Regency." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 06040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206040.
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Sani river is one of the rivers in Pati Regency, provided as the drinking water source by PDAM Tirta Bening. The people’s activities inhabit along the Sani river affect its water quality. The purpose of this study was 1) analyzed the quality of the Sani river water, and 2) evaluated the status of the Sani river water quality. The data used was the 2018 Sani river water quality data obtained from the Environmental Services of Pati Regency. The study's location was represented by selected three monitoring points, i.e., upstream, middle, and downstream areas of the Sani river, such as the Seloromo reservoir, Sidokerto village, and Gilis hamlet. For knowing the river water quality level, it was necessary to compare the river water quality data with the Indonesia Government Regulation (PP) No. 82/2001. The Sani river water quality status was analyzed using the pollution index method according to the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115/2003. In conclusion, the Sani river water quality status in such the- study site was classified as slightly polluted and moderate polluted.
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Ezraneti, Riri, Munawar Khalil, and Marzuki Marzuki. "Study of Water Quality for Aquaculture System in Ujung Pacu River, North Aceh Regency." Omni-Akuatika 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.3.849.
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Ujung Pacu River is one of the rivers found in North Aceh Regency which is often used by surrounding communities such as for industrial, agricultural, residential and aquaculture activities that can affect river water quality. This study aimed to determine the water physical and chemical parameters in the Ujung Pacu River for aquaculture activities. The research method used was a survey method by determining the sampling station based on community activities around the river. The study consisted of 4 stations with 3 sampling points at each station. Data of water physical and chemical parameters were compared with water quality standards and analyzed descriptively with a quantitative approach. The results showed that the range of water quality values were various in each stations. Ujung Pacu River is influenced by daily tide fluctuations. The highest water quality fluctuations occur in salinity, turbidity and depth. The pollution index in the Ujung Pacu river is included to criteria of Lightly polluted rivers with range 1.8545 - 4.4979. The Ujung Pacu River is unsuitable for aquaculture systems using floating net cages system in river bodies. Keywords: Ujung Pacu River, water quality, pollution index
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Fang, Yongjun, Xianwei Wang, Jie Ren, Huan Liu, and Ya Wang. "Driving Forces and Influences of Flood Diversion on Discharge Fraction and Peak Water Levels at an H-Shaped Compound River Node in the Pearl River Delta, South China." Water 15, no. 11 (May 23, 2023): 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15111970.
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The SiXianJiao (SXJ) is the first-order exchange node of the West River and the North River and redistributes water (mass) to the downstream river network in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China. The lateral SXJ waterway plays a critical role in flow (mass) diversion between the West River and the North River, forming a unique H-shaped compound river node. Previous studies mainly focused on Y-shaped bifurcation and confluence nodes, and there is a lack of research on deltaic H-shaped river nodes. This study established the Delft3D model to investigate the driving forces and influences of flood diversion at the SXJ node. The results showed that the H-shaped SXJ river node was usually in hydraulic equilibrium but was often disturbed by large water level differences between the two rivers, due to unbalanced and asynchronous upstream flood waves. The large water level differences drove mutual flood diversion through the lateral SXJ waterway, which synchronized the downstream discharge and reduced the peak water levels (flood hazards), resulting in similar water levels or hydraulic equilibrium in the two rivers. There exists a critical flow fraction—about 75.9% (West River)—at which the incoming flow from both rivers presents similar water levels at the SXJ node, resulting in little flood diversion. Above the threshold, the flood water will divert from the West River to the North River with a maximum rate of −11,900 m3/s, accounting for 20% of the West River, reducing the peak water level up to 1.48 m at Makou. Below the threshold, the flood water will divert from the North River to the West River with a maximum rate of 11,990 m3/s, accounting for 55% of the North River, reducing the peak water level up to 6.63 m at Sanshui. Meanwhile, the discharge fraction at downstream Makou (Sanshui) maintained a near-constant value during individual floods and fluctuated around 76.6% (23.4%). This critical discharge fraction and the analytical approach are of significance in flood-risk management and hydraulic engineering design in the PRD. The concept model of the H-shaped compound river node clearly elucidates the flood diversion mechanism via the lateral SXJ waterway and may work for other similar river nodes as well.
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Xu, Fei, Xu Wang, Yonggang Wang, Changhong Sun, Jing Dong, and Yacui Li. "Evaluation of Restoration Effect of Submerged Plant Community in Urban Rivers Replenished by Reclaimed Water." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 18, 2023): 13861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813861.
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Submerged plant community construction is extensively used in the field of urban river ecological restoration, but it is sometimes difficult to establish a large area of survival or a stable community after restoration. Therefore, there is some uncertainty in determining the restoration effect. To verify the restoration effect of urban rivers replenished by reclaimed water through the application of a submerged plant community, this paper takes the typical urban rivers with reclaimed water in Beijing, the Liangshui River and the Dalong River, as the research objects and takes the Yongding River, a river replenished by natural water, as the comparison to establish a water eco-environment quality index and carry out the restoration effect evaluation of a submerged plant community based on field monitoring. In a comparison of the water eco-environment quality index of rivers and the coverage of submerged plants, the evaluation results indicate that the Yongding River and Liangshui River have the same number of submerged plant species, yet their plant coverage is different. The ecological environment quality condition of the Yongding River is superior to that of the Liangshui River and the Dalong River. The ecological environment quality of the reclaimed water river segment with an average coverage of submerged plants greater than or equal to 50% is relatively better, with relatively more sensitive species. This suggests that for rivers replenished by reclaimed water, the construction of submerged plant communities will improve the water ecological conditions on the premise of ensuring a certain degree of submerged plant species and coverage. By calculating the correlation coefficients relating to the coverage of submerged plants by 32 environmental factors including the indicators of water quality, hydrology and sediment, the paper initially screens out water depth, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, BOD, permanganate index, and total nitrogen and organic carbon in the sediment as the major environmental factors affecting the coverage status of submerged plants. It can provide a reference for the control of environmental factors in the construction and maintenance of submerged plants to guarantee a restoration effect in the future.
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Lasmana, Yudi, Parlinggoman Simanungkalit, Muhammad Gifariyono, Ganggaya Sotyadarpita, and L. Budi Triadi. "Potensi Pasang Surut Lahan Rawa untuk Pengembangan Irigasi di Kabupaten Merauke Menggunakan Pemodelan Hidrodinamika 1D2D." JURNAL TEKNIK HIDRAULIK 9, no. 1 (September 5, 2018): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32679/jth.v9i1.432.
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Merauke Regency has three major rivers i.e Bian River, Kumbe River and Maro River (BIKUMA), the three rivers have large horizontal tidal potential. To know the potential of tides in the development of lowland irrigation in Merauke Regency needs to be studied. This study is supported by hydrometry and hydraulic surveys which has been conducted during the dry season during at spring tide and neap tide simultaneously for all three rivers. The survey included measuring river geometry activities with a range of 5 Km, river hydrometry measurements (observation of water fluctuations with proportional distances for model calibration and upstream river velocity for discharge). Limitations of river upstream measurements are limited by the distance where the Bian River along 125 Km, the River Kumbe along 171 km, and the Maro River along 66 km from the estuary. Then, performed a Sobek 1D hydrodynamic modeling that describes the movement of water from upstream into downstream. From the results of modeling is known that the water entering from the sea to the Bikuma River is greater than the water out to sea. The potential for tides is 1.7 Billion m3. Furthermore, the simulation of Sobek 1D2D to obtain the extent of natural condition, the area that can be inundated is 123.609 ha. Utilization of tidal potential can be channeled to the development zone through an integrated lowland irrigation water management system so that water utilization can be optimal.
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Ning, Fang-Shii, and Yu-Chan Lee. "Combining Spectral Water Indices and Mathematical Morphology to Evaluate Surface Water Extraction in Taiwan." Water 13, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192774.
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Rivers in Taiwan are characterised by steep slopes and high sediment concentrations. Moreover, with global climate change, the dynamics of channel meandering have become complicated and frequent. The primary task of river governance and disaster prevention is to analyse river changes. Spectral water indices are mostly used for surface water estimation, which separates the water from the background based on a threshold value, but it can be challenging in the case of environmental noise. Edge detection uses a canny edge detector and mathematical morphology for extracting geometrical features from the image and effective edge detection. This study combined spectral water indices and mathematical morphology to capture water bodies based on downloaded remote sensing images. From the findings, this study summarised the applicability of various spectral water body indices to the surface water extraction of different river channel patterns in Taiwan. The normalised difference water index and the modified normalised difference water index are suitable for braided rivers, whereas the automated water extraction index is ideal for meandering rivers.
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Lin, Lei, Hao Liu, Xiaomeng Huang, Qingjun Fu, and Xinyu Guo. "Effect of tides on river water behavior over the eastern shelf seas of China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 5207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5207-2022.
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Abstract. Rivers carry large amounts of freshwater and terrestrial material into shelf seas, which is an important part of the global water and biogeochemical cycles. The earth system model or climate model is an important instrument for simulating and projecting the global water cycle and climate change, in which tides however are commonly removed. For a better understanding of the potential effect of the absence of tides in the simulation of the water cycle, this study compared the results of a regional model with and without considering tides, and evaluated the effect of tides on the behavior of three major rivers (i.e., the Yellow, Yalujiang, and Changjiang rivers) water in the eastern shelf seas of China from the perspectives of transport pathways, timescales, and water concentration. The results showed that the tides induced more dispersed transport for the water of the Yellow and Yalujiang rivers, but more concentrated transport for the Changjiang River water. The effect of tides on the transit areas of the Yellow, Yalujiang, and Changjiang rivers was 13 %, 40 %, and 21 %, respectively. The annual mean water age and transit time of the three rivers in the model with tides were several (∼ 2–10) times higher than those in the no-tide model, suggesting that tides dramatically slow the river water transport and export rate over the shelf. By slowing the river water export, tides induced a three-fold increase in river water concentration and a decrease in shelf seawater salinity by > 1. Moreover, the effect of tides on river behavior was stronger in relatively enclosed seas (i.e., the Bohai and Yellow seas) than in relatively open seas (i.e., the East China Sea). The change in the shelf currents induced by tides is the main cause of the difference in the river water behavior between the two model runs. Tides can increase bottom stress and thus weaken shelf currents and decrease the water transport timescales. The improvement in tidal parameterization in the no-tide model in the simulation of river water behavior was very limited. Given the important role of river runoff on the global water cycle and the effect of changes in river water behavior on ocean carbon cycling, it is important to include the tidal effect in earth system models to improve their projection accuracy.
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Fitra, Bayu Purnama, Slamet Imam Wahyudi, and Gata Dian Asfari. "HIDROLOGICAL SIMULATION OF THE RIVERS’ FLOOD CONTROL IN SUBDISTRIC WONOKERTO IN PEKALONGAN REGENCY." Pondasi 23, no. 2 (August 17, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/pondasi.v23i2.11208.
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Abstract: Flooding problem still become serious problem in subdistrict Wonokerto of Pekalongan regency. There are six rivers that have the potential caused flooding in setelment area. In this research, the researcher wanted to do hydrological simulation at six rivers in Wonokerto. The hydrological simulation is done by calculating the inflow in the river in the form of flood discharge hydrograph design with nakayasu method, and evaluate the capacity of river catchment to flood discharge. Based the results research on six rivers, it is known that the river capacity is not able to accommodate the flood discharge when enters the river. The River water are also known unable to flow by gravity caused of rob dikes that isolated the river water to flow into the sea, therefore to prevent overflow in the river needs and to prevent overflow and to control the river water level a pumping in rivers.Keywords: Hydrological Simulation, River Flood Control, Storage Evaluation, Pumping
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Fitra, Bayu Purnama, and M. Faiqun Niam. "HIDROLOGICAL SIMULATION OF THE RIVERS’ FLOOD CONTROL IN SUBDISTRIC WONOKERTO IN PEKALONGAN REGENCY." Pondasi 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/pondasi.v24i2.7644.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT:Flooding problem still become serious problem in subdistrict Wonokerto of Pekalongan regency. There are six rivers that have the potential caused flooding in setelment area. In this research, the researcher wanted to do hydrological simulation at six rivers in Wonokerto. The hydrological simulation is done by calculating the inflow in the river in the form of flood discharge hydrograph design with nakayasu method, and evaluate the capacity of river catchment to flood discharge. Based the results research on six rivers, it is known that the river capacity is not able to accommodate the flood discharge when enters the river. The River water are also known unable to flow by gravity caused of rob dikes that isolated the river water to flow into the sea, therefore to prevent overflow in the river needs and to prevent overflow and to control the river water level a pumping in rivers.Keywords: Hydrological Simulation, River Flood Control, Storage Evaluation, Pumping
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Kankan Parmikanti, Kankan, Khafsah Joebaedi, and Iin Irianingsih. "MODEL STAR DENGAN BOBOT SERAGAM SEBAGAI PENDETEKSI DEBIT AIR SUNGAI CITARUM." Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jmp.2016.8.2.2891.
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Lately when rainfall in West Java is quite high, the problem of flooding caused by overflowing of the river has always been a trending topic of regional leaders. Whatever the causes of flooding, be it because a lot of waste dumped in rivers or due to illegal logging of trees in the forest, the river water discharge increased rapidly, and overflowed into public housing. Based on the above, it should be made a model that can predict the water discharge of the river from time to time in various locations in West Java. In this paper will be presented studies Space Time Auto Regression models STAR (1,1) to model the problem of water discharge some rivers in West Java, which can be useful for predicting the discharge of river water in the future. By using Least Squares Method as predictors for the parameters, as well as assuming a uniform weighting matrix, the result that the water discharge of a river in addition affected by the river water flow at an earlier time, it is also influenced by the discharge of river water around.