Journal articles: 'Riverbank'

1

Feng, Zheng-Yi, Chia-Ming Hsu, and Shi-Hao Chen. "Discussion on the Characteristics of Seismic Signals Due to Riverbank Landslides from Laboratory Tests." Water 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010083.

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Floods and erosion often cause landslides of riverbanks and induce problems such as river blockage, shift of river center, or flooding from rising riverbeds. Instrumentation and monitoring are often used to explore landslide and erosion behavior of riverbanks. Therefore, this study identified landslide types and characteristics of their seismic signals due to toe erosion of riverbanks through riverbank models with various instrumentation sensors in a laboratory flume. To induce landslides in the riverbank model, a test was set up for water to flow through the toe of the riverbank model. Seismic signals of each landslide event were measured during the tests with accelerometers. Nonpolarized electrodes were installed for observing the self-potential changes during the test. Water content and pore water pressure gauges were installed in the riverbank model. In addition, water levels were recorded. The Hilbert–Huang transform method was used to analyze the characteristics of seismic signals caused by water flow and riverbank landslides. Time points, landslide frequency distributions, and the characteristics of several landslide events in the riverbank models were estimated using the seismic signals. This study identified three types of landslides: single, intermittent, and successive. Moreover, changes in self-potential signals, pore water pressure, and water content during the tests were examined and were found to correspond to the landslide process of the riverbank model.

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Mosyaftiani, Amarizni, Kaswanto Kaswanto, and Hadi Susilo Arifin. "Ground Vegetation Diversity on Different Type of Riverbank Along Ciliwung River in Bogor City, West Java." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 26, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.26.1.35.

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Ciliwung riverbank has been affected by settlement occupation. Both concrete and another retaining wall system have been built to avoid flood and erosion to the settlement that has existed adjacent to the river. Built environment as human disturbance can trigger the change of species richness of ground vegetation in the Ciliwung riverbank of Bogor City. The research objective is to study the difference of ground vegetation biodiversity in three different types of riverbank based on its condition: natural, semi-natural, and constructed riverbanks. Point method and photographic sampling are used. Five replications of a square metre plot at three transects were placed at four sites sampling along 250 m each from the three different types of riverbank. Images of the plots are trained using sample point to overcome the difficulties in the field observation and statistical analysis. The result discovered that species richness in the natural riverbank is significantly higher than in semi-natural and constructed riverbank. Yet, no significance of species richness is shown between semi-natural and constructed riverbank. Total species of ground vegetation that we found were 55 species. Each different type of riverbank has its own highest species coverage: Asystasia nemorum (55.00%) in the natural riverbank, Pilea nummulariifolia (33.07%) in the semi-natural riverbank, and Pogonatherum crinitum (52.80%) in the constructed riverbank. The study concluded that the construction in the riverbank largely altered the biodiversity of ground vegetation in the urban riverbank. The outcomes suggest that the remnant of natural riverbank in the urban landscape should be highly protected from urban development to preserve its biodiversity. Also, species found could be potentially developed as landscape plants to support urban river planning, design, and management.

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Khauin, Safa Aubaid, and Hoda A. Al-Alwan. "Ecological Strategies for Designing Urban River Banks\ Abu Nuwas Buffer Zone in Baghdad as a Case Study." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2020.27.3.008.

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The riverbank is an effective component of the city-river interconnection, and any damage that occurs to it affects its natural structure and particularly its ecological values. Most of these problems are diagnosable and observable in the riverside space, and many studies have focused on them. The emergence of these problems may appear in varying proportions in the riverbank environment depending on the type of human intervention, both in urban and non-urban spaces, which may have a negative impact on the riverbank space. In light of this, studies have been directed towards exploring different ecological strategies that should be applied on the urban riverbank space, which work in an integrated manner with many other values to restore the natural characteristics of landscape and riverbank space and reduce the impact of negative human intervention in them. The main research problem is defined in the loss of the ecological value of riverbanks in cities in general and Baghdad city in particular, and the lack of knowledge concerning the ecological strategies in riverbanks on the planning and design levels. The main objective of the research was thus to draw the theoretical framework that extracts the strategies and indicators of the landscape ecology.The theoretical framework was then applied to the edge of the Tigris River in Baghdad (as a case study), that resembles the area and park of Abu Nuwas region in Baghdad, with the aim of further diagnosing the reality of the riverbank and the extent to which ecological strategies can be applied.The results of the research in both its theoretical and practical aspects have revealed a clear approach to ecological strategies that achieve riverbank ecology and the development of specific mechanisms to provide a safe and effective river environment that accommodates various events and uses in the river bank, and enhances public awareness of its importance

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Nam, Soonkie, Marte Gutierrez, Panayiotis Diplas, and John Petrie. "Effects of Hydropower Dam Operation on Riverbank Stability." Infrastructures 6, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6090127.

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The increasing number of extreme climate events has impacted the operation of reservoirs, resulting in drastic changes in flow releases from reservoirs. Consequently, downstream riverbanks have experienced more rapid and frequent changes of the river water surface elevation (WSE). These changes in the WSE affect pore water pressures in riverbanks, directly influencing slope stability. This study presents an analysis of seepage and slope stability for riverbanks under the influence of steady-state, drawdown, and peaking operations of the Roanoke Rapids Hydropower dam on the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, USA. Although the riverbanks were found to be stable under all the discharge conditions considered, which indicates that normal operations of the reservoir have no adverse effects on riverbank stability, the factor of safety decreases as the WSE decreases. When the role of fluvial erosion is considered, riverbank stability is found to reduce. Drawdown and fluctuation also decrease the safety factor, though the rate of the decrease depends more on the hydraulic conductivity of the soils rather than the discharge pattern.

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5

Nilsson, Christer, and Gunnel Grelsson. "The effects of litter displacement on riverbank vegetation." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-097.

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The hypotheses that litter deposition on riverbanks would depend on riverbank features and that litter mass would affect riverbank vegetation were tested by sampling vegetation, litter, and soil along a seventh-order stretch of the unregulated Vindel River in northern Sweden. Sampling was carried out within a horizontal litter gradient at the top of the riverbank where most of the litter deposition occurs. The amount of leaf litter left on the riverbank after flooding was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with soil organic matter. In contrast, wood litter mass and total litter mass were not correlated (P > 0.05) with riverbank features such as soil organic matter, riverbank slope, or stem density. Species richness, species diversity, and the proportions of stemmed and nonstemmed species showed quadratic relationships (P < 0.05) with leaf litter mass, whereas ground vegetation cover decreased monotonically (P < 0.05) with increasing leaf litter mass. Tall, stemmed species were most frequent at eroded sites with low amounts of leaf litter and at sites where leaf litter had accumulated. In contrast, the highest proportion of low-growing species was found at sites with intermediate leaf litter masses. Community characteristics such as species richness, species diversity, and the proportions of stemmed and nonstemmed species (but not ground vegetation cover) were less strongly correlated with wood litter mass and total litter mass. Linear equations explained about half of the variation in ground vegetation cover along gradients of wood and total litter masses. Density and richness of seeds increased with increasing litter mass. We discuss the litter effects in terms of productivity and disturbance and conclude that flooding in pristine rivers may exert a considerable influence on riverbank vegetation as a result of litter displacement.

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Arifin, Zainal, and Fajri Rahman. "Living in the riverbanks: Case of the Ogan malay community settlement, South Sumatera." ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia 5, no. 1 (May 17, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31947/etnosia.v5i1.8467.

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This article attempts to understand how the settlement layout of riverbank communities, with the case in the Ogan Malay community in South Sumatra province. This article is based on empirical reality in which the community tends to always live on the riverbank, especially the riverbank, with raging water. For the Ogan Malay community, the settlement is an area consisting of villages as dwellings, but also include agricultural areas (fields, fields, and gardens) and other supporting areas, as a source of life. As a riverbank community, the river has always been central in determining the layout of elements of its settlements, thus creating a unique settlement layout pattern. This article is the result of ethnographic (anthropological) research conducted by the author in April - June 2019. Data were collected through depth interviews with indigenous leaders and local communities in the location, as well as through participant observation of life activities in the research field. The results showed that living on the riverbanks is not arbitrary, but based on the community's knowledge system on the river environment itself. This knowledge creates a unique pattern of community settlement layout, where the river has always been central in the preparation of layout planning.

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Oberhagemann, Knut, A. M. Aminul Haque, and Angela Thompson. "A Century of Riverbank Protection and River Training in Bangladesh." Water 12, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113018.

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Protecting against riverbank erosion along the world’s largest rivers is challenging. The Bangladesh Delta, bisected by the Brahmaputra River (also called the Jamuna River), is rife with complexity. Here, an emerging middle-income country with the world’s highest population density coexists with the world’s most unpredictable and largest braided, sand-bed river. Bangladesh has struggled over decades to protect against the onslaught of a continuously widening river corridor. Many of the principles implemented successfully in other parts of the world failed in Bangladesh. To this end, Bangladesh embarked on intensive knowledge-based developments and piloted new technologies. After two decades, successful, sustainable, low-cost riverbank protection technology was developed, suitable for the challenging river conditions. It was necessary to accept that no construction is permanent in this morphologically dynamic environment. What was initially born out of fund shortages became a cost-effective, systematic and adaptive approach to riverbank protection using improved knowledge, new materials, and new techniques, in the form of geobag revetments. This article provides an overview of the challenges faced when attempting to stabilize the riverbanks of the mighty rivers of Bangladesh. An overview of the construction of the major bridge crossings as well as riverbank protection schemes is detailed. Finally, a summary of lessons learned concludes the impressive progress made.

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8

Duong Thi, Toan, and Duc Do Minh. "Riverbank Stability Assessment under River Water Level Changes and Hydraulic Erosion." Water 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122598.

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The dominant mechanism of riverbank cantilever failure is soil erosion of the bank toe and near bank zone. This paper demonstrates that the shape of the riverbank cantilever failure depends on the properties of the soil and the fluctuation of the river water level (RWL). With a stable RWL, a riverbank with higher resistance force leads to failure with larger and deeper overhang erosion width. When RWL rises, a less cohesive soil bank will be eroded over a larger width and riverbank failure will occur earlier. With a low rate of rising RWL, riverbank failure may happen in a type of mass failure. With a high rate of rising RWL, a riverbank will fail in a type of overhang riverbank failure, with the soil erosion rate being the main affected factor.

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9

Moyer, David L. "Riverbank Acoustical Laboratories." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 109, no. 5 (May 2001): 2328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4744170.

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10

Emberson, Robert. "Accelerating riverbank erosion." Nature Geoscience 10, no. 5 (May 2017): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2948.

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11

Lee, Joan M., Anthony Nahajski, and Sky Miller. "Riverbank Stabilization Program." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 123, no. 5 (September 1997): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1997)123:5(292).

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12

Brighenti, Andrea Mubi, and Cristina Mattiucci. "Visualising the riverbank." City 16, no. 1-2 (April 2012): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2012.662378.

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13

Kahn, David. "A RIVERBANK TROVE." Cryptologia 26, no. 3 (July 2002): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161-110291890867.

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14

Ayu Puspito Sari, Deffi, Astrid Sugiana, Ristianti Yuri Ramadhonah, Suci Innaqa, and Robbi Rahim. "Kampung Pulo Environmental Planning Observed from Biophysical Aspects as Adaptation of Flood in Jakarta." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.3 (March 8, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.3.12621.

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Urbanization triggers an increase in urban land conversion. Along with the increasing population and the increasing needs of the shelter, people tend to use the remaining space such as riverbanks and river bodies which are not intended for residential buildings. This has a negative impact on the environmental and river ecosystems, as well as causing the changes in the function of rivers in urban areas, one of it is Ciliwung River which runs through Kampung Pulo. The government seeks to deal with the environmental damage on the riverbank through a revitalization program. This research was conducted to find out the impact of revitalization process by observing biophysical condition of river before and after eviction of people that live in the Ciliwung riverbank and provide a landscape plan of Kampung Pulo segment. Using secondary data of rainfall, land use, land cover and flooded area. The mapping with ArcGIS 10.1 shows there decrease in the area of flood puddle in Kampung Pulo.

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15

Foerst, Markus, and Nils Rüther. "Bank Retreat and Streambank Morphology of a Meandering River during Summer and Single Flood Events in Northern Norway." Hydrology 5, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology5040068.

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In recent years, advanced methods for measuring riverbank migration have been used to understand the process of river planform evolution. However, the role of the so-called outer secondary cell in the hydraulic pattern in bank erosion remains unclear. For this purpose, a natural river meander with high curvature bends and steep riverbanks was chosen to quantify bank migration by high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning of three patches along two river bends in four time intervals. The first two time intervals were seasonal, from spring to autumn, and with relatively few water level changes, whereas the third and fourth time intervals were short, just before and after single flood peak events. The yielded point clouds were filtered and digital elevation models (DEMs) were created. These DEMs were used to analyze bank retreat, riverbank morphology, and slope gradient changes in order to understand the role of the outer secondary cell in these processes. In addition, it is shown that storm events causing short peaks in river discharge are less important for river migration than longer-lasting medium discharge.

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16

Hoang, Thu Trang, Khoi Nguyen Dao, Loi Thi Pham, and Hong Van Nguyen. "Analysis of riverbank changes in Ho Chi Minh city in the period 1989 – 2015." Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment 2, no. 2 (May 29, 2019): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v2i2.496.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the changes of riverbanks in Ho Chi Minh City for the period 1989-2015 using remote sensing and GIS. Combination of Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and thresholding method was used to extract the river bank based on the multi-temporal Landsat satellite images, including 12 Landsat 4-5 (TM) images and 2 Landsat 8 images in the period 1989-2015. Then, DSAS tool was used to calculate the change rates of river bank. The results showed that, the processes of erosion and accretion intertwined but most of the main riverbanks had erosion trend in the period 1989-2015. Specifically, the Long Tau River, Sai Gon River, Soai Rap River had erosion trends with a rate of about 10.44 m/year. The accretion process mainly occurred in Can Gio area, such as Dong Tranh river and Soai Rap river with a rate of 8.34 m/year. Evaluating the riverbank changes using multi-temporal remote sensing data may contribute an important reference to managing and protecting the riverbanks.

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Hossain, Altaf, Md Jahangir Alam, and Md Rezaul Haque. "Effects of riverbank erosion on mental health of the affected people in Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 22, 2021): e0254782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254782.

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Background In Bangladesh, riverbank erosion is a major problem that regularly displaces millions of people and affects their mental health every year. Objectives The primary objective is to explore the effects of riverbank erosion on mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress in Bangladesh. Methods We conducted a household survey from August 2019 to November 2019 on randomly selected adult respondents from Rajbari District located along the Ganges River and Tangail District located along the Brahmaputra River. The respondents were divided into two groups: exposed and non-exposed to riverbank erosion. All participants were asked to complete self-reported questionnaires on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, and other socio-demographic, economic and riverbanks erosion-related factors. We performed Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis to explore the significant risk factors (P<0.05) of mental illness (depression, anxiety and stress). Results We surveyed 611 households, of whom 410 were from Rajbari and 201 were from Tangail. Among 611 respondents, 509 (83.31%) were exposed by riverbank erosion whereas 102 (16.69%) were non-exposed. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress (DAS) was 38.30%, 76.60%, 32.41%, respectively, and they were significantly higher among the exposed group than the non-exposed group (depression: 45.19% versus 3.92%, P<0.001; anxiety: 82.71% versus 46.08%, P<0.001; stress: 38.11% versus 3.92%, P<0.001). The respondents exposed to river erosion were respectively 8.28, 2.26 and 5.09 times more likely to develop DAS disorder compared to their non-exposed counterparts (ORD = 8.28, 95% CI = 2.75–24.89; ORA = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.31–3.88; ORS = 5.09, 95% CI = 1.64–15.76). Females and those who lost their houses and displaced, were more likely to have DAS disorder compared to their respective counterparts. Conclusions The exposed people were more likely to experience mental health problem and demand some social safety net programs with special focus on female and those who lost houses and displaced.

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Shu, Anping, Guosheng Duan, Matteo Rubinato, Lu Tian, Mengyao Wang, and Shu Wang. "An Experimental Study on Mechanisms for Sediment Transformation Due to Riverbank Collapse." Water 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030529.

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Riverbank erosion is a natural process in rivers that can become exacerbated by direct and indirect human impacts. Unfortunately, riverbank degradation can cause societal impacts such as property loss and sedimentation of in-stream structures, as well as environmental impacts such as water quality impact. The frequency, magnitude, and impact of riverbank collapse events in China and worldwide are forecasted to increase under climate change. To understand and mitigate the risk of riverbank collapse, experimental/field data in real conditions are required to provide robust calibration and validation of hydraulic and mathematical models. This paper presents an experimental set of tests conducted to characterize riverbank erosion and sediment transport for banks with slopes of 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° and quantify the amount of sediments transported by the river, deposited within the bank toe or settled in the riverbed after having been removed due to erosion. The results showed interesting comprehension about the characterization of riverbank erosion and sediment transport along the river. These insights can be used for calibration and validation of new and existing numerical models.

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YULIANA, ERNIK, YUNI TRI HEWINDATI, ADI WINATA, WIBOWO A. DJATMIKO, and ATI RAHADIATI. "Diversity and characteristics of mangrove vegetation in Pulau Rimau Protection Forest, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 1215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200438.

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Abstract. Yuliana E, Hewindati YT, Winata A, Djatmiko WA, Rahadiati A. 2019. Diversity and characteristics of mangrove vegetation in Pulau Rimau Protection Forest, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1215-1221. The purpose of the study was to analyze the flora diversity and characteristics of mangrove vegetation in Pulau Rimau Protection Forest, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra. Data collected were the number and girth diameter of mangrove tree species, and aquatic ecology parameters using transect method. The sample plots size were 2m×2 m; 5m×5 m; 10m×10 m; for seedling, sapling, and tree, respectively. The observation plots were arranged in a row of 120 m length on two sides of the forest edge, namely Calik Riverbank and Banyuasin Riverbank. Data were analyzed using importance value index (IVI), Simpson’s diversity index and Sørensen’s community similarity. The study revealed that there were differences in mangrove characteristics in two study sites. There were 57 plant species identified inside and outside sample plots, but only 15 species (26.32%) among them were categorized as true mangrove species. Inside the sample plots, there were 11 and 10 mangrove tree species recorded on the Calik Riverbank and Banyuasin Riverbank, respectively, but only 7 species among them were found in both sites. The mangroves on Calik Riverbank were dominated by Nypa (IVI 53.59%) and Bruguiera (51.12%), while those on Banyuasin Riverbank were dominated by Sonneratia (66.91%) and Avicennia (51.73%). The Simpson’s diversity index for Calik Riverbank and Banyuasin Riverbank was 0.82 and 0.78, respectively, whereas the Sørensen’s coefficient of community between the two sites was 0.67.

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Wilson, J. Bastow, Warren McG King, Martin T. Sykes, and Trevor R. Partridge. "Vegetation zonation as related to the salt tolerance of species of brackish riverbanks." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 1079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-132.

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Nine riverbank species were grown in a range of salinities to estimate salt tolerances. These tolerances, and others calculated from previous studies, are compared with the species’ distributions upstream–downstream and upshore–downshore on brackish riverbanks. Downstream and downshore limits could predict the salt tolerance of the species, together accounting for 64% of the variation. Upstream and upshore limits accounted for 58%, but the relation with upstream limits was not statistically significant. There was a continuous range of tolerances. Keywords: adaptation, brackish marsh, ecological distribution, estuary, river marsh, RGR, salinity tolerance.

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Kuehn, Wolfgang, and Uwe Mueller. "Riverbank Filtration: An Overview." Journal - American Water Works Association 92, no. 12 (December 2000): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2000.tb09071.x.

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Torpy, Janet M. "Woman by a Riverbank." JAMA 304, no. 4 (July 28, 2010): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.795.

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Andersen, Casper. "A riverbank of science." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 4 (June 7, 2017): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0027.

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Haque, Chowdhury E., and Md Ziarat Hossain. "Riverbank Erosion in Bangladesh." Geographical Review 78, no. 1 (January 1988): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214303.

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Faisal, Ahmad, Zulfan Saam, and Elda Nariati. "Analisis kondisi sanitasi masyarakat pinggir sungai dengan pendekatan studi EHRA di Kelurahan Tembilahan Kota." Jurnal Zona 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52364/jz.v1i1.3.

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Indragiri Hilir is low lan areas or riverbank is swamp, which has a many rivers and stream. Riverbank area there are many settlements with spesific conditions of sanitation facillities,This study uses the method of approach through studies EHRA by conducting explorative survey to look at the household scale sanitary conditions. variable research is a sanitary garbage , latrines , household waste and clean water. Sampling technique using a random sampling of the population of people who live on the riverbank with the inclusion criteria of 493 households , obtained a sample of 125 housewives. The results showed that the sanitary conditions of communities riverbank in the village Tembilahan cities include: community do not do waste treatment and immediately throw it into the river , sanitary latrines still use the river as a defecation , people immediately dispose of household waste into the river , meeting the needs of clean water to eat and drink is obtained from sources rainwater as well as for bathing and washing using river water. Communities riverbank in the village Tembilahan cities categorized as moderate risk areas . public sanitation on communities riverbank in the village Tembilahan cities do not have basic sanitation standards and the need for a proper settlement.

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Chen, Chuan Sheng, and Shi Zhi Wen. "Failure Mechanism of Jinjiang Riverbank Based on Geotechnical Properties of Soil." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 1559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.1559.

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In this paper, concerning the geotechnical properties and erosion circumstances of Jinjiang riverbank of Yangtze River, field on-site investigation and soil laboratory tests were conducted. Study results reveal that the soil of Jinjiang riverbank contains mostly the silt particles with 24% of clay content, the unconfined compressive strength of the soil decreases rapidly and permeability have a significant increase with the small change in water content, which are considered to be primary factors of occurrence of riverbank collapse when flooding occur. In addition, it is cleared that collapse process of riverbank are mainly due to the formation of tension crack and toppling behind the bank face.

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Gholami, V., and M. R. Khalegi. "The impact of vegetation on the bank erosion (Case study: The Haraz River)." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 4 (October 31, 2013): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/13/2012-swr.

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Vegetation establishment is a suitable biological method of erosion control. Bank erosion is one form of water erosion and its adverse effects include an increase in turbidity, degradation of riverbank lands, difficulties caused by sediments depositing in the downstream. The rate of riverbank erosion can be decreased by application of biological methods in sensitive reaches identified. In this study, a 3250 m section of the Haraz River was studied to evaluate the effects of vegetation establishment on shear stress, water velocity and finally on the bank erosion. In this research, Geographical Information System (HEC-GeoRAS extension), HEC-RAS software, and topographic maps of riverbed at the scale of 1:500 were used to simulate hydraulic behaviour of the Haraz River. In order to evaluate the effect of vegetation cover on the bank erosion, roughness coefficient of Manning was determined with the Cowan method for two seasons (winter and summer) separately, due to changes in vegetation in the considered sections during different seasons of the year. The results showed that vegetation establishment on riverbanks caused changes in water velocity, water depth, power of shear stress and this all should finally be reflected in the rate of bank erosion.

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Nguyen, Long Dinh Hoang, and Dao Nguyen Khoi. "Using landsat satellite images for assessing riverbank changes in the Mekong and Bassac rivers in the An Giang province." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 2, SI2 (September 19, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v2isi2.444.

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An Giang Province is one of the key economic regions of Mekong Delta and of Vietnam. With the development of urbanization and industrialization, An Giang has been suffering a burden from natural disasters, including salinity intrusion, drought, and riverbank erosion, due to natural and anthropological drivers. Amongst them, riverbank erosion is a key problem of the An Giang province, caused by changes in hydrological and sediment characteristics because of hydropower development and sand exploitation in the upstream part. In this study, we investigated the riverbank changes by using the water extraction index based on the Landsat imagery data. Amongst three extraction indices, such as Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Water Index (MNDWI), and Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI), AWEI was identified the suitable index for the study area replied on the assessment of the index performance in extracting the riverbank in the four test sites in An Giang province (An Phu District, Vinh Hoa District, Cho Moi District, and Vam Nao River). Based on that, AWEI was then used for riverbank extraction for the study area in the period 1989-2015. After using the AWEI riverbank extracting method, Linear Regression Rate (LRR) had been applied to estimate the rate of the riverbank changes in the study area. The results stated that the rate of riverbank erosion was high in meandering river segments and upper part of islets, such as Tan Chau (-33m/year), Cho Moi (-36m/year) and Vam Nao (-3.07m/year). Besides analyzing the rate of erosion, this research also discusses some potential reasons as well as protection method to mitigate this problem. This study reveals that it is crucial to take sustainable measures to mitigate erosion in An Giang province.

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Berkovich, K. M., L. V. Zlotina, and L. A. Turykin. "Riverbank erosion: factors, mechanism, human activity." Geomorphology RAS, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0435-4281201923-17.

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The riverbank erosion produces a great risk for the urban development, structures and communications located on the banks. Bank erosion, as an integral part of the lateral river channel migrations, is a multi-factorial phenomenon. Empirical evidence suggests that the riverbank erosion depends on the size of the river, the morphology of the bends, water flow; however, a big role plays erosion resistance of the banks, due to their structure and vegetation. It varies at changeable riverbank soils wetting in accordance with the hydrological regime of the river. Human activity contributes significantly to the intensification of lateral migrations, especially the construction of reservoirs that change the hydrological regime of rivers and sediment transport. Incision, daily flow regulation, redistribution of annual runoff, reducing the sediment load are the main factors that intensify the riverbank erosion. As an example, the situated downstream of the dam sections of the Volga River and Sheksna River in the Rybinsk City were examined and all these factors were revealed there themselves clearly. Considering these factors allowed predicting the riverbank erosion and provided the basis for bank protection program.

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Liu, Zhen, Pengzhen Liu, Cuiying Zhou, Yasheng Li, and Lihai Zhang. "Modeling Riverbank Slope Reinforcement Using Anti-Slide Piles with Geocells." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040394.

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Geocells are increasingly used in engineering applications, but the design of riverbank slope reinforcements that use only geocells limits reinforcement performance. Moreover, the design and use of anti-slide piles with geocells are mainly based on experiences that are unsupported by theoretical models. In this paper, by combining the confinement effect and vertical action mechanism of geocells, the horizontal friction mechanism of the geocell layer and the vertical support mechanism of piles, a theoretical model of riverbank slope reinforced by anti-slide piles with geocells was constructed. In addition, to describe the mechanical behavior of a riverbank slope reinforced by anti-slide piles with geocells, the slip-resisting mechanism of the anti-slide pile with interaction between geocells and their internal filler is considered in the model. Furthermore, to investigate the influence of changes in water level on riverbank slope stability, the developed model takes into account settlement, lateral displacement, pile bending moment and pile axial force. The model predications were validated by the field measurement data. The results from a series of parametric studies show that the use of anti-slide pile and geocells can effectively reduce the settlement and the lateral displacement of a riverbank slope. The developed model could contribute to an optimal design of anti-slide pile with geocells for enhancing the stability of a riverbank slope.

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Tripathy, Dr Biplab, and Tanmoy Mondal. "Impact of Riverbank erosion on Human life." Thematics Journal of Geography 8, no. 9 (September 4, 2019): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/tjg.v8i9.8101.

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The side portion of a course of river called riverbank. The area is always important to our human civilization for all kinds of development. But it is not so secure for various problems. Riverbank erosion is one of the critical problems in the world at least in some countries. It has a long term consequences on human life. The problems which create challenge in river basin are flood, landslide, land erosion, deforestation etc. The victims are migrated and they become hopeless. On the other hand river bank erosion also affects river ecology in different way. The peoples those lived in near to bank area of river are suffered by economically, social insecurity and health problem indirectly by riverbank erosion. All these insecurities caused by the forced of displacement of riverbank.

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Zhu, Haili, Peng Gao, Zhiwei Li, Jiangtao Fu, Guorong Li, Yabin Liu, Xilai Li, and Xiasong Hu. "Impacts of the Degraded Alpine Swamp Meadow on Tensile Strength of Riverbank: A Case Study of the Upper Yellow River." Water 12, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092348.

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In the meandering riverbank of the Upper Yellow River (UYR), the native alpine swamp meadow (AS) has continuously degenerated into an alpine meadow (AM) due to climate change and intensified grazing. Its implication on river morphology is still not well known. This study examined this effect by in situ measurings of (1) physical properties of roots and their distribution in the soil-root mixture of the upper bank layer, and (2) the tensile strength in terms of excavating tests for triggering cantilever collapses of AS and AM riverbanks. The results showed that the root number in AS was significantly greater than that in AM, though the root distribution in both was similar. Also, the average tensile strength of individual roots in AS was 31,310 kPa, while that in AM was only 16,155 kPa. For the soil-root mixture, it decreased from 67.39 to 21.96 kPa. The weakened mechanical property was mainly ascribed to the lessened root number and the simpler root structure in the soil-root mixture of AM that reduces its ability to resist the external force. These findings confirmed that healthy AS can enhance bank stability and delay the development of tensile cracks in the riverbank of the meandering rivers in the UYR.

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Maeng, Sung, and Kyung-Hyuk Lee. "Riverbank Filtration for the Water Supply on the Nakdong River, South Korea." Water 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010129.

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A field study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of a riverbank filtration site using two vertical wells on the Nakdong River, South Korea. The riverbank filtration site was designed to have eleven horizontal collector wells in order to supply 280,000 m3/day. This field study provided more insight into the fate of the dissolved organic matter’s characteristics during soil passage. The vertical production wells (PWs) were located in different aquifer materials (PW-Sand and PW-Gravel) in order to determine the depth of the laterals for the horizontal collector wells. The turbidity of the riverbank filtrates from the PW-Sand (0.9 NTU) and PW-Gravel (0.7 NTU) was less than 1 NTU, which was the target turbidity of the riverbank filtrate in this study. The iron concentrations were 18.1 ± 0.8 and 25.9 ± 1.3 mg/L for PW-Sand and PW-Gravel respectively, and were higher than those of the land-side groundwater. The biodegradable organic matter-determined biochemical oxygen demand in the river water was reduced by more than 40% during soil passage, indicating that less microbial growth in the riverbank filtrate could be possible. Moreover, the influence of the pumping rates of the vertical wells on the removal of dissolved organic matter and the turbidity was not significant.

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Osman, Akode M., and Colin R. Thorne. "Riverbank Stability Analysis. I: Theory." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 114, no. 2 (February 1988): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1988)114:2(134).

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Thorne, Colin R., and Akode M. Osman. "Riverbank Stability Analysis. II: Applications." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 114, no. 2 (February 1988): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1988)114:2(151).

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36

Kruh, Louis. "A CRYPTOLOGICAL TRAVELOGUE: RIVERBANK - 1992." Cryptologia 17, no. 1 (January 1993): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161-119391867782.

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37

Gollnitz, William D., Jennifer L. Clancy, J. Brock McEwen, and Stephen C. Garner. "Riverbank Filtration for IESWTR Compliance." Journal - American Water Works Association 97, no. 12 (December 2005): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2005.tb07541.x.

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Ray, Chittaranjan, Thomas Grischek, Jürgen Schubert, Jack Z. Wang, and Thomas F. Speth. "A Perspective of Riverbank Filtration." Journal - American Water Works Association 94, no. 4 (April 2002): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2002.tb09459.x.

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39

Xu, Linjuan, Yuanjian Wang, Wanjie Zhao, and Enhui Jiang. "Review on Riverbank Soil Collapse." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601021.

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Bank slope collapse is a kind of natural phenomenon which commonly existed on both sides of alluvial plain rivers. The mechanism of bank collapse is complex, and it is an interdisciplinary frontier research subject. The collapse of the bank slope will lead to the instability of river regime and frequent changes of erosion and siltation, which will cause great harm to river regulation and people's livelihood. Through review of river bank soil collapse at home and abroad, it is concluded that the main influencing factors of river bank soil collapse are the action of water flow and the soil structure of river bank. In addition, the stability of river bank and the numerical simulation of river bank collapse are also studied by scholars. In view of the above research results, the deficiencies of the current research are pointed out and the research directions that should be followed in the future are put forward.

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Moyer, David. "John W. Kopec at Riverbank." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, no. 5 (May 2006): 3348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4786465.

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Ray, Chittaranjan. "Worldwide potential of riverbank filtration." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 10, no. 3 (July 2, 2008): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-008-0164-5.

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Boonpook, Wuttichai, Yumin Tan, Yinghua Ye, Peerapong Torteeka, Kritanai Torsri, and Shengxian Dong. "A Deep Learning Approach on Building Detection from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Images in Riverbank Monitoring." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113921.

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Buildings along riverbanks are likely to be affected by rising water levels, therefore the acquisition of accurate building information has great importance not only for riverbank environmental protection but also for dealing with emergency cases like flooding. UAV-based photographs are flexible and cloud-free compared to satellite images and can provide very high-resolution images up to centimeter level, while there exist great challenges in quickly and accurately detecting and extracting building from UAV images because there are usually too many details and distortions on UAV images. In this paper, a deep learning (DL)-based approach is proposed for more accurately extracting building information, in which the network architecture, SegNet, is used in the semantic segmentation after the network training on a completely labeled UAV image dataset covering multi-dimension urban settlement appearances along a riverbank area in Chongqing. The experiment results show that an excellent performance has been obtained in the detection of buildings from untrained locations with an average overall accuracy more than 90%. To verify the generality and advantage of the proposed method, the procedure is further evaluated by training and testing with another two open standard datasets which have a variety of building patterns and styles, and the final overall accuracies of building extraction are more than 93% and 95%, respectively.

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Zhang, Dong, Jinhua Cheng, Ying Liu, Hongjiang Zhang, Lan Ma, Xuemei Mei, and Yihui Sun. "Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Architecture of Living Brush Mattress: Root System and Soil Shear Strength in Riverbanks." Forests 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9080493.

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As a basal measure of soil bioengineering, the living brush mattress has been widely applied in riparian ecological protection forest construction. The living brush mattress shows favorable protective effects on riverbanks. However, there are few reports on the root structure and the soil strengthening benefit of the living brush mattress. The present work reports a series of experiments on root morphology and soil shear strength enhancement at the temporal and spatial scales. The object of the study is 24 living brush mattress trees constructed with Salix alba L. ‘Tristis’ (LBS hereafter). Traditional root morphology and mechanical measurement methods were used to collect the parameters. The results showed that the root systems of LBS had the characteristics of symmetry and upslope growth. The roots were mainly distributed in a cylindrical region of the soil (radius × thickness: 0.4 m × 0.5 m) and their biomass increased with different growth rates for the periods from 1 to 5 and from 5 to 7 years. Both age and slope position were factors that influence root growth. The root diameter falls within 0–5 mm, has a significant effect on the soil shear strength and provides a conical-shape potentiation zone to ensure the efficient protection of a riverbank. The results of this study demonstrate that LBS is an efficient and feasible engineering measure in the field of riverbank protection.

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Islam, MA, S. Parvin, and MA Farukh. "Impacts of riverbank erosion hazards in the Brahmaputra floodplain areas of Mymensingh in Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 28, no. 2 (August 9, 2017): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v28i2.33467.

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The study was conducted to investigate the impacts of Brahmaputra riverbank erosion hazard on livelihood pattern of char people, agriculture and environment. Five villages of Mymensingh district near to the Brahmaputra River were selected. A semi-structured questionnaire, interview, secondary data sources, field observation and focus group discussion were utilized for this study. Result revealed that erosion has a great impact on livelihood, agriculture, environment and other sectors. Population displacement is a common phenomenon in the study area due to riverbank erosion. During the river erosion 73% people took temporary and 27% took permanent migration where 26% had chosen town as permanent migration. About 56% people loss 0 to 5 acres and 33% loss 6 to 10 acres of their land. Before riverbank erosion 61% people were involved in farming but after riverbank erosion it decreased into 24%. About 88% respondents used tube well as the main source of drinking water, which was smaller than that of the national rural rate 96.42% and some people used river water as drinking, bathing, washing clothes and household materials, and that was so unhygienic. The major diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, asthma, TB, typhoid, etc. were prevalence during flood and river erosion as well as medical facility was also poor. Only 9% people used medicine from consultant doctor. The study has explored a negative fact that without any organizational support, the people of the villages have to formulate and undertake various adaptation techniques in their own way. Finally, the study has recommended some suggestions for the policy planners and implementers for the future development of the riverbank erosion victims in Bangladesh. It emphasizes the importance of the government and non-governmental organizations to take their own responsibility to the devastating situation of the riverbank erosion.Progressive Agriculture 28 (2): 73-83, 2017

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Rahman, MR. "Impact of Riverbank Erosion Hazard in the Jamuna Floodplain Areas in Bangladesh." Journal of Science Foundation 8, no. 1-2 (April 17, 2013): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14627.

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The paper provides an overview of Bangladesh populations displaced by river erosion. The study describes the physical environmental conditions of the study area with a special attention to natural disasters of the region. It focuses the socio-demographic profile of the victims of the study area. Caused riverbank erosion a considerable proportion of the victims are compelled to leave the original homestead plot and take shelter by the road side embankment, neighbors land and relative land. The health condition of the victims is very low. Since the natural environmental situations, the economic crisis and poverty have been found to be related to natural disaster like riverbank erosion, so in this decade of environment the policy makers and researcher at the national level need to be aware of the magnitude of the environmental conditions of the riverbank erosion victims. In fact that, caused riverbank erosion every year unemployment, landless and poverty are increasing which is responsible to country wide unstable condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14627 J. Sci. Foundation, 8(1&2): 55-65, June-December 2010

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Gu, Lan, Jia Rong Gao, Yan Wang, Bin Tian Qian, and Yue Wang. "Soil Bioengineering - A New Technique to Generate Riverbank Restoration." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1795.

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Soil bioengineering is a kind of engineering by using living plant materials to construct the structures with some engineering and ecological functions, which can provide an effective means for the slope stabilization and site restoration of river banks. Experimental site in Liuli River proves that Salix cheilophila Schneid and Salix alba var. tristis are good materials to obtain near-natural riverbank restoration. Soil bioengineering measures of live staking, live fascines and brush layers are effective. After periods time of project implementation, significant effectiveness was obtained on slope stability, habitat improvement, and ecological restoration of river banks. This can provide guidelines for selecting materials and methods to control riverbank erosion. It was concluded that the approach could be widely applied in ecological riverbank restoration in China.

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Irmscher, R., and I. Teermann. "Riverbank filtration for drinking water supply - a proven method, perfect to face today's challenges." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0143.

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Hygiene standards and parasites have been a special focus of drinking water utilities for several years. In this context the development of new, high-tech water treatment methods is often taken into consideration. However, we have been applying riverbank filtration as an inexpensive, natural method in Düsseldorf for over 130 years. Indeed it had been introduced for “hygiene reasons” at the time and, according to our experience, riverbank filtration is well suited to meet these “new” hygiene challenges. We have intensively examined the infiltration of river water into the aquifer. We view this core process as the prerequisite for the sustained function of riverbank filtration. It is closely linked with the retention of turbid matters in the riverbed and the shearing forces on the subsurface. In addition, we have investigated the effectiveness of bank filtration as regards the elimination of microorganisms over recent years. According to these examinations, bacteria are reduced by an average of 3 log orders by bank filtration; individual breakthroughs correlate with high water events. According to our measurements Giardia and Cryptosporidium have been completely eliminated in riverbank passage. The retention of three examined types of viruses was also found to be almost completely accomplished.

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Rahman, Syaiful, Ira Mentayani, Rusmilyansari Rusmilyasari, and Emmy Sri Mahreda. "KONSEP PENATAAN PERMUKIMAN KUMUH TEPIAN SUNGAI DI KELURAHAN SUNGAI BILU KOTA BANJARMASIN." EnviroScienteae 15, no. 3 (December 3, 2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v15i3.7434.

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The uncontrolled condition of settlements on the banks of the river city of Banjarmasin has made the settlements of the river banks as slums. Almost all river banks in each kelurahan are categorized as slums so that the actual river banks can be assets of the city of Banjarmasin, on the contrary, it is a bad face for the city. The program and arranging of structural slums in the river bank settlements in Kelurahan Sungai Bilu have indeed been carried out, but basically, they have not been successfully managed completely. Identification of the characteristics of riverbank slum settlements needs to be done to find out the aspects and variables that affect the slum of riverbank settlements to then formulate an appropriate arranging concept and can be implemented in riverbank slum settlements in the study location. Data analysis in identifying the characteristics of riverbank slum settlements is by presenting tabulated data on the results of a statistical questionnaire completed with mapping and field documentation and through narrative exposure. The theory triangulation analysis is used to formulate the concept of arranging suitable riverbank slum settlements and can be carried out at the research location. The results were obtained for the characteristics of slum settlements and the concept of arranging slum areas in the river banks in Kelurahan Sungai Bilu are arranging in aspects of the function and form of residential building mass, arranging environmental infrastructure, arranging environmental utility systems, arranging public and social facilities, and arranging on non-physical aspects.

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Piraino, Sergio, and Fidel Alejandro Roig. "Assessing the Sensitivity of Riparian Algarrobo Dulce (Prosopis flexuosa DC) Radial Growth to Hydrological Changes." Geochronometria 43, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0027.

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Abstract Ecotones, as for example riparian zones, have long interested ecologists, due to their potential role in generating species biodiversity and evolutionary novelty, as well as their sensitivity to environmental changes. Along riparian areas, vegetation is recognized for its ecological importance in several ecosystemic processes. In the Central Monte Desert (central-west Argentina), Prosopis flexuosa grows in territories characterized by a permanent access to water reservoirs, e.g. along riverbanks, where the species forms the classic gallery forests. Despite the ecosystemic role of the different Prosopis species distributed in arid lands, thus far no analysis has been conducted regarding the relation between their radial growth and hydrological changes, namely streamflow variability, in riparian settings. To fill this gap of knowledge, we performed a dendrochronological analysis considering several riparian P. flexuosa trees differing in their spatial position in relation to the riverbank. Pointer years, correlation function, and regression analyses show differences in the dendrohydrological signal of the studied species, probably function of tree distance from the river. In this sense, radial growth of trees distributed near the riverbank is tightly coupled to spring-summer (September to March) stream-flow variability, whereas for farthest trees the ring development is driven by a combination of winter and spring river discharge and late-summer precipitation amount. The presented results demonstrate the potentiality of P. flexuosa, and in a broader sense of the Prosopis genus, in dendrohydrological studies.

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Xue, X. H., S. Chang, and L. Y. Yuan. "Soil nutrient concentration and distribution at riverbanks undergoing different land management practices: Implications for riverbank management." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 82 (August 2017): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/82/1/012035.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Riverbank'

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