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1
., Omo Ohiokpehai. "Nutritional Aspects of Street Foods in Botswana." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 2, no. 2 (February 15, 2003): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2003.76.81.
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Arifjanov, Aybek M., Tursunoy A. Apakhujaeva, and Dušan Húska. "Sediment Movement Mode in rivers of Uzbekistan – Environmental Aspects." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 21, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2018-0003.
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Abstract Central Asian rivers are rich in sediments that affect the construction of hydrotechnical constructions. In this article the influence of sediments on water quality and amelioration conditions of agricultural fields was analyzed and information was given on possibilities of controlling the sediment flow.
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Clifford, S. "Meaendering: nature, culture and rivers." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0499.
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Alongside science we need a parallel capability of exploring meaning so that intangible, uncountable aspects of our relationships with rivers, especially those understood by local communities, can be expressed. Common Ground has offered the concept of Local Distinctiveness and gives examples from England, including recent projects which they have initiated.
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Misra, Supriya, Haitisha T. Mehta, Evan L. Eschliman, Shathani Rampa, Ohemaa B. Poku, Wei-Qian Wang, Ari R. Ho-Foster, et al. "Identifying “What Matters Most” to Men in Botswana to Promote Resistance to HIV-Related Stigma." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 9 (March 25, 2021): 1680–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10497323211001361.
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Despite a comprehensive national program of free HIV services, men living with HIV in Botswana participate at lower rates and have worse outcomes than women. Directed content analysis of five focus groups ( n = 38) and 50 in-depth interviews with men and women with known and unknown HIV status in Gaborone, Botswana in 2017 used the “what matters most” (WMM) and “structural vulnerability” frameworks to examine how the most valued cultural aspects of manhood interact with HIV-related stigma. WMM for manhood in Botswana included fulfilling male responsibilities by being a capable provider and maintaining social status. Being identified with HIV threatened WMM, which fear of employment discrimination could further exacerbate. Our findings indicate how cultural and structural forces interact to worsen or mitigate HIV-related stigma for urban men in Botswana. These threats to manhood deter HIV testing and treatment, but interventions could capitalize on cultural capabilities for manhood to promote stigma resistance.
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Tsyplenkov, Anatoly, Sergey Chalov, Markus Eder, and Helmut Habersack. "Large Rivers Hydrology And Sediment Transport." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 15, no. 4 (January 18, 2023): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-020.
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This paper provides a short overview of the large river research topics discussed during the 4th World’s Large Rivers Conference and submitted to the Geography Environment Sustainability special issue. The various aspects of hydrology, sediment transport and river morphology issues are presented based on case studies from Eurasia and Africa.
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Vaikasas, Saulius, and Mindaugas Stankevičius. "SOME ASPECTS OF MODELING BED PROCESSES IN TRAINED RIVERS." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2004): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2004.9636812.
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Physical modeling of sediment transport and morphology in rivers as well as wastewater dilution processes are closely related to the modeling of macro turbulent fluctuations. The physical modeling of hydraulic macro turbulent fluctuations is complicated and underestimated. The study of turbulent flow structure and verification as well as model calibration is required in this case. Some methods of model verification by means of kinematics and turbulent coefficients scaling αKa, α x and αkare presented in the paper. Experience in hydraulic modeling of bed processes in the Neris and Nemunas rivers contributed to the viable results. As laboratory tests showed, after the scales of the Nemunas bed had been distorted 12 times, the turbulence of modeled flow increased causing 3 times more intensive wastewater dilution processes in a physical model of the Nemunas bed. When modeling the bed processes of the Neris in Vilnius in a hydraulic model with the scale distorted 6,7 times, it was determined that a more intensive turbulence caused a 25 % thinner bed soil layer and nearly 3 times higher velocity of vertical turbulent flow. This was considered when calculating the results obtained in a model into natural ones and when choosing proper means for designing riverbed hydraulic structures.
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Oromeng, Kopo V., Eliot A. Atekwana, Loago Molwalefhe, and Goabaone J. Ramatlapeng. "Time-series variability of solute transport and processes in rivers in semi-arid endorheic basins: The Okavango Delta, Botswana." Science of The Total Environment 759 (March 2021): 143574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143574.
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Denneman, W. D., A. de Pree, G. A. O. Reininga, and J. van der Braak. "Environmental aspects of the restoration of river ecosystems in The Netherlands." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (April 1, 1995): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0283.
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In The Netherlands, an integrated policy concerning the restoration of river ecosystems has been developed by the National Government. For these rehabilitation projects, TNO was asked by the Dutch government to investigate the environmental problems these project will face during realization. To reach this goal, a PC meta-information system called MIMIKRI has been developed. An example for the nature rehabilitation project “Gelderse Poort”, one of the priority projects along the Dutch rivers Rhine and Waal (Walloon) will be given.
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Mmereki, Daniel. "Current status of waste management in Botswana: A mini-review." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 7 (June 4, 2018): 555–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18772097.
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Effective waste management practices are not all about legislative solutions, but a combination of the environmental, social, technical, technically skilled human resources, financial and technological resources, resource recycling, environmental pollution awareness programmes and public participation. As a result of insufficient resources, municipal solid waste (MSW) in transition and developing countries like Botswana remains a challenge, and it is often not yet given highest priority. In Botswana, the environment, public health and other socio-economic aspects are threatened by waste management practices due to inadequate implementation and enforcement mechanisms of waste management policy. This mini-review paper describes the panorama of waste management practices in Botswana and provides information to competent authorities responsible for waste management and to researchers to develop and implement an effective waste management system. Waste management practices in Botswana are affected by: lack of effective implementation of national waste policy, fragmented tasks and overlapping mandates among relevant institutions; lack of clear guidelines on the responsibilities of the generators and public authorities and on the associated economic incentives; and lack of consistent and comprehensive solid waste management policies; lack of intent by decision-makers to prepare national waste management plans and systems, and design and implement an integrated sustainable municipal solid waste management system. Due to these challenges, there are concerns over the growing trend of the illegal dumping of waste, creating mini dumping sites all over the country, and such actions jeopardize the efforts of lobbying investors and tourism business. Recommendations for concerted efforts are made to support decision makers to re-organize a sustainable waste management system, and this paper provides a reference to other emerging economies in the region and the world.
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Nama, Ala Hassan, Ali Sadiq Abbas, and Jaafar S. Maatooq. "Field and Satellite Images-Based Investigation of Rivers Morphological Aspects." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 1339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-07-03.
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Worldwide and especially in less developed regions, process-based evaluations and/or geomorphological information on large-scale rivers are still scarce. Such investigation become of urgent need due to the climate change and expected occurrence of extreme floods and drought which may threaten the safety of nearby and downstream cities, especially in regions that are highly sensitive and affected by climatic changes. The Tigris River, in Iraq, is one such river that has undergone significant alteration to its flow and morphologic aspects due to climate change and the construction of many dams. However, morphology and its change for many reaches of this river are still uninvestigated. To this end, field and satellite-based investigations into the morphology of a reach located between Makhool District and Tikrit City have been conducted. In addition to the cross-sectional survey-based determination of the reach geometrical aspects, a sinuosity indices-based evaluation of the reach planform was implemented, utilizing a satellite indices-based approach. Furthermore, the characteristics of bed material were identified through field sampling. Investigation results show that the reach has a steep bed slope and many islands of low altitude with an elongated shape. The reach has a mild sinuosity with alternating bars. The dominant particle sizes of the bed material are coarse and medium gravel with a dominant particle shape of disc particles. Moreover, the satellite-based change detection indicated the fading out and disappearance of some secondary channels, the growth of many islands, and the movement of some bends downstream. The percentage of changing parts for the period 1975–2021 is 14%. Most of this change, 11%, occurred after the construction of the Mosul Dam. This reveals the sensitivity of reach morphology to flow change due to the construction of dams. The conducted fieldwork and the applied methodology contribute to supporting efforts to add knowledge worldwide about uninvestigated rivers. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-03 Full Text: PDF
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Weyand, Michael, Thomas Grünebaum, Heinrich Schweder, and Christian Huber. "How to deal with cost-efficiency aspects at the set-up of programmes of measures." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 3 (February 1, 2009): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.881.
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The achievement of good ecological and chemical status of rivers is the main objective of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). According to Annex III of the WFD, necessary measures within a possible field of action are to be chosen taking into account their cost efficiency and cost effectiveness. One of these fields of action is, for example, river morphology. In view of the given deficits in the morphological structures of the German rivers, concepts for morphological improvement have been drawn up for many rivers, resulting in the elaboration of a multitude of different appropriate measures. In order to evaluate these measures with respect to the objectives of the WFD, a methodology was developed that showed the relationships between the assessed efficiency of measures, the length of the river stretch being influenced by these measures, and the estimated costs. Result is a cost-efficiency quotient that can serve as a supporting factor in helping to set the right priorities. The methodology was tested in a subcachtment of the Ruhr River basin and proved to be useful for the given purpose. In general, the applied methodology is not limited to morphological measures, but also applicable to other fields of action in the sector of water and river basin management.
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Sorocovschi, V. "High water flow periods for the rivers from Someşean Plateau." Risks and Catastrophes Journal 27, no. 2 (December 5, 2020): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/rcj2020_13.
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The period of high water flow from rivers is a complex phenomenon, which manifests itself in the form of large waters and floods. High flow periods are an important phase in the runoff of rivers, both by their extreme nature and by the effects they can produce on the components of the environment. The paper analyses several aspects related to the periods of water runoff from rivers: genetic factors, frequency, and temporal and spatial parameters of large waters and floods, case studies of the most representative floods, environmental, social and economic effects induced by floods.
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Lemenkova, Polina. "Mapping Climate Parameters over the Territory of Botswana Using GMT and Gridded Surface Data from TerraClimate." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090473.
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This articles presents a new series of maps showing the climate and environmental variability of Botswana. Situated in southern Africa, Botswana has an arid to semi-arid climate, which significantly varies in its different regions: Kalahari Desert, Makgadikgadi Pan and Okavango Delta. While desert regions are prone to droughts and periods of extreme heat during the summer months, other regions experience heavy downpours, as well as episodic and unpredictable rains that affect agricultural activities. Such climatic variations affect social and economic aspects of life in Botswana. This study aimed to visualise the non-linear correlations between the topography and climate setting at the country’s scale. Variables included T °C min, T °C max, precipitation, soil moisture, evapotranspiration (PET and AET), downward surface shortwave radiation, vapour pressure and vapour pressure deficit (VPD), wind speed and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). The dataset was taken from the TerraClimate source and GEBCO for topographic mapping. The mapping approach included the use of Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), a console-based scripting toolset, which enables the use of a scripting method of automated mapping. Several GMT modules were used to derive a set of climate parameters for Botswana. The data were supplemented with the adjusted cartographic elements and inspected by the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL). The PDSI in Botswana in 2018 shows stepwise variation with seven areas of drought: (1) −3.7 to −2.2. (extreme); (2) −2.2 to −0.8 (strong, southern Kalahari); (3) −0.8 to 0.7 (significant, central Kalahari; (4) 0.7 to 2.1 (moderate); (5) 2.1 to 3.5 (lesser); (6) 3.5 to 4.9 (low); (7) 4.9 to 6.4 (least). The VPD has a general trend towards the south-western region (Kalahari Desert, up to 3.3), while it is lower in the north-eastern region of Botswana (up to 1.4). Other values vary respectively, as demonstrated in the presented 12 maps of climate and environmental inventory in Botswana.
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Mosweu, Tshepho. "The processing of Kgosi Bathoen II private archives collection for increased access to archives." Journal of the South African Society of Archivists 54 (November 4, 2021): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsasa.v54i1.8.
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National archival institutions are responsible for the acquisition, preservation and making accessible of their nation’s documentary heritage. It is on this basis that the Department of Botswana National Archives and Records Services (BNARS) acquires records through the normal transfer of public records from government agencies as well as donations of private archives. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the processing of private archives of a prominent “Kgosi” in the history of Botswana, Kgosi Bathoen II of the Bangwaketse ethnic group. This is a qualitative study that used literature review to collect data. It also uses the author’s personal observation, as she was involved in the acquisition and processing of the Bathoen II archives. The key findings suggest that even though Batswana have not been donating their private archives in high numbers, BNARS have made strides in collecting private archives of prominent individuals in the country. Unlike public records, private archives collections may not come in any logical arrangement, which may be a tormenting exercise for the archivist to process and select what is worth preserving. This paper concludes that despite the difficulties encountered in processing a huge collection of private papers with no order, private papers should follow the normal archives’ practice of arrangement and description for eventual access by researchers or users. Additionally, the significance of private archives in filling the gaps found in the national repositories was revealed through Bathoen II collection, as it has information on various aspects of Botswana life, customs, traditions and the people. As such, the collection provides diversity to the nation’s documentary heritage and serves as a rich resource for research. This paper also presents lessons learnt in the preservation of private archives in Botswana.
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Hirsch, M., and D. Housen-Couriel. "Aspects of the Law of International Water Resources." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0554.
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As a result of the nature of lakes, rivers and aquifers, which ignore national boundaries, states are often presented with the problem of how to share and manage these limited resources. The role of law is to clarify the rights and responsibilities of states in such situations. Two aspects of the law of international water resources will be explored in this article. The point of departure for the analysis is public international law itself, which contains principles and guidelines for the utilization and management of water resources by the states which share them. The international legal regime applying to surface water will first be discussed. The second part of the article will consist of a comparison of several treaty regimes which presently apply in a situation of shared water resources between states.
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Komariah, Imas, and Toru Matsumoto. "INVESTIGATION ON THE EXPERT COMMUNITIES AWARENESS OF THE URBAN RIVER WATER QUALITY, CASE STUDY OF SUGUTAMU RIVER, INDONESIA." Journal Sampurasun : Interdisciplinary Studies for Cultural Heritage 2, no. 01 (October 17, 2016): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/sampurasun.v2i01.119.
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Many rivers in urban areas in Indonesia are commonly used as raw water sources for drinking water purposes. Therefore, the water quality of the rivers needs to be maintained. River restoration program becomes a major priority in improving the water sector and environmental, particularly in big cities in Indonesia. Sugutamu River is one of the main rivers passing through the Depok City, West Province of Indonesia. High population . Stakeholder participations should be considered when implementing a participatory program in river restoration project. This program can be developed by increasing the awareness of the community. One of the most important communities is the ‘expert’ communities. In this research, economists, environmental specialists, river engineers, urban planners are selected as the ‘expert’ community. Questionnaires were distributed to the expert communities to investigate how the respondents concern about the importance of river water quality. The result shows that the awareness of the expert community on river water quality and its improvement is higher than on other aspects.
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Pomohaibo, V. M., L. D. Orlova, and N. A. Vlasenko. "Environmental DNA: ecological and genetic aspects." Ecology and Noospherology 27, no. 1-2 (March 29, 2016): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031602.
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Attention to environmental DNA (eDNA) was motivated by problem of undesirable gene transfer possibility from genetically modified plants to wild bacteria and other organisms. First studies have already examined persistence of DNA from these plants in soil, and also in the samples of nearby groundwater and river for a few kilometers from the place of cultivating. In soil it persists long time enough – from a few days to a few years, and in water – from a few hours to a few days. eDNA excreted from different sources – frozen ice cores, sediments of lakes, soil, caves, water of lakes, rivers and oceans, contains genetic information about biodiversity of present and ancient organisms. Researches revealed an important fact: data of eDNA and other sources, for example pollen, macrofossils, living animals and plants, complement each other, showing more reliable information about the variety of species, than used separately. Therefore the analysis eDNA needs to be not of considered alternative method of ecological researches, but an additional to traditional methods. In the process of study of eDNA it is necessary to take into account five aspects at least: its origin, physical state, conversion, transport and technical challenges. The origin of eDNA remains studied not enough. From a few publications it is known that eDNA comes in different composition excretions, leaves, hair, peeling etc., or as a result of released plasmids and chromosomal DNA from living prokaryotes. There are also possible secondary sources of eDNA – dead bodies and excretions of predators, scavengers, detritivores and coprovores. On the amount of the genetic material, released by organisms in an environment, various ontogenetic, trophic and other factors can have considerably influence. eDNA can be presented in both intracellular and extracellular forms.. Over time intracellular eDNA releases outside by influence of different ecological factors – activity of microorganisms, presence of extracellular enzymes, mechanical destruction etc. In further extracellular eDNA can break in corpuscles of different sizes – mainly within the limits of 1–10 μm. It can be free, adsorbed by other substances or dissolved. At certain conditions the period of eDNA persistence can be very great – from a few hours (in water) to hundred thousands of years (in frozen ice cores). Ancient eDNA is very fragmented and chemically changed by various physical, chemical and biological factors of environment. Substantive eDNA amount is taken up by bacteria and protozoa. Here it quickly metabolizes, but some its fragments can be integrated in a local genome. eDNA is able to be transported to great distance (from a few meters to 10 kilometers) that can appreciably influence on the results of its research. Also the laboratory experiment has certain problems – design (equipment, sequence of operations and condition of it realization), realization of experiment, authenticity of it will depend on quality of equipment and reagents, competence and honesty of scientific personnel etc.), ability of skilled researcher to give interpretation of results. Data that given in our review testifies that the active study of eDNA only began, and further intensive efforts of environmentalists and geneticists are needed in direction of it research. The results of such researches will allow to create the effective methods of scientifically reasonable recreating nature application.
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Kirpichev, I. A., and O. A. Savvateeva. "Ecological and hydrochemical water properties of surface watercourses and aspects of inhabitant nosology in Dubna city." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126506001.
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The article is devoted to the study of the ecological and hydrochemical parameters of rivers Volga and Dubna within Dubna city, Moscow region, while considering both the actual ecological and hydrochemical indicators, as well as the biochemical and ecotoxicological characteristics of watercourses. It is shown that watercourses are constantly subjected to anthropogenic pressure. It inevitably leads to the arrival of a number of pollutants including heavy metals that can destroy the existing ecological balance of reservoirs. Since the Volga is a source of surface water supply for Dubna city, and both rivers are popular in terms of recreational activities and fishing, an urgent issue is to study the nosologies of the urban population caused by the impact of the waters of both rivers. It is shown that the high probability of the potential development of environmental-related nosologies is not currently fixed, the carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of Dubna city has a minimal, low and moderate degree as a result of surface water pollution, the non-carcinogenic danger from surface water pollution has a minimum, permissible and moderate degree of danger. The critical organs and body systems of the population of the territory are primarily the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous, nervous and cardiovascular systems. Attention should be paid to monitoring in surface water bodies such contaminants as magnesium, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium salts, phosphates, zinc, copper, and lead.
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Zhang, Xiuxia, Qingnian Zhang, Jie Yang, Zhe Cong, Jing Luo, and Huanwan Chen. "Safety Risk Analysis of Unmanned Ships in Inland Rivers Based on a Fuzzy Bayesian Network." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (December 19, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4057195.
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Risk factor identification is the basis for risk assessment. To quantify the safety risks of unmanned vessels in inland rivers, through analysis of previous studies, the safety risk impact factor framework of unmanned vessels in inland rivers is established based on three aspects: the ship aspect, the environmental aspect, and the management and control aspect. Relying on Yangtze River, a fuzzy Bayesian network of the sailing safety risk of unmanned ships in inland rivers is constructed. The proposed safety risk model has considered different operational and environmental factors that affect shipping operations. Based on the fuzzy set theory, historical data, and expert judgments and on previous works are used to estimate the base value (prior values) of various risk factors. The case study assessed the safety risk probabilities of unmanned vessels in Yangtze River. By running uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of the model, a significant change in the likelihood of the occurrence of safety risk is identified, and suggests a dominant factor in risk causation. The research results can provide effective information for analyzing the current safety status for navigation systems of unmanned ships in inland rivers. The estimated safety risk provides early warning to take appropriate preventive and mitigative measures to enhance the overall safety of shipping operations.
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Ayu Puspito Sari, Deffi, Astrid Sugiana, Ristianti Yuri Ramadhonah, Suci Innaqa, and Robbi Rahim. "Kampung Pulo Environmental Planning Observed from Biophysical Aspects as Adaptation of Flood in Jakarta." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.3 (March 8, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.3.12621.
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Urbanization triggers an increase in urban land conversion. Along with the increasing population and the increasing needs of the shelter, people tend to use the remaining space such as riverbanks and river bodies which are not intended for residential buildings. This has a negative impact on the environmental and river ecosystems, as well as causing the changes in the function of rivers in urban areas, one of it is Ciliwung River which runs through Kampung Pulo. The government seeks to deal with the environmental damage on the riverbank through a revitalization program. This research was conducted to find out the impact of revitalization process by observing biophysical condition of river before and after eviction of people that live in the Ciliwung riverbank and provide a landscape plan of Kampung Pulo segment. Using secondary data of rainfall, land use, land cover and flooded area. The mapping with ArcGIS 10.1 shows there decrease in the area of flood puddle in Kampung Pulo.
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Grishina, Nina. "Environmental Aspects of the State of African Coastal Territories." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 60, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-60-3-110-118.
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To preserve the ecological balance and health of the population of the African continent, it is necessary to maintain the cleanliness of the surrounding rivers, lakes and ocean coasts. Oil production, transportation of oil and petroleum products inevitably lead to pollution of sea waters due to accidents on tankers, equipment breakdowns, and fires. Oceanic coasts are of great importance for the development of the tourism industry, which plays a significant role in the national economies of African countries. However, many coastal areas are contaminated with industrial and household waste, oil refining waste and sewage. As a result of the growth of cities, the increase in the number of urban residents and the development of industry, a huge number of substances that do not decompose naturally is discharged into water sources. Currently, domestic sewage in most coastal cities does not meet modern sanitary requirements, since the repair of old and the laying of new sewage treatment plants require large financial investments. In the interests of nature and human health, a number of international instruments has been adopted prohibiting the import of hazardous and radioactive waste, as well as the dumping or incineration of hazardous waste in the oceans and inland waters on the African continent. In some African countries, periodic clean-up activities are carried out on ocean and river coasts, but they are ad hoc and do not have a decisive impact on the state of contaminated areas. Experts of international environmental organizations have proposed a set of measures for the conservation and rational use of water resources: construction of wastewater treatment plants; mandatory environmental assessment of all major water management projects; development of measures to eliminate possible damage; control of new industrial installations and industrial waste disposal; design and operation of landfills based on reliable hydrogeological information and environmental expertise. However, these regulations are often violated, and solving the problem of coastal water pollution remains a distant prospect.
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Rouquet, V., F. Homer, J. M. Brignon, P. Bonne, and J. Cavard. "Source and occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Paris rivers." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 7 (April 1, 2000): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0118.
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This paper presents an investigation of the variability of concentrations of Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst in two main rivers of Ile-de-France: the Seine (upstream from Paris) and its largest tributary: the Marne. The first goal of this study was to examine risk of presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia at the drinking water treatment plants' intakes at high concentrations. A second goal was to study the relationship between parasite concentrations and a variety of more easily measured water quality parameters (microbial or physicochemical) which could be used as risk indicators. Two aspects were particularly addressed: the influence of upstream waste water discharges, and the influence of rain fall and river floods on parasite concentrations. Preliminary results of an ongoing study are also presented: they show possible influence of non-point sources on parasite concentrations. Overall results show that parasite sedimentation in rivers is high, urban run-off and resuspension of particles could be at certain times the main factors responsible for peak pathogen levels in raw water.
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Godoy, A. M. G., and M. L. L. Sousa. "The river basins of Pirapó, Paranapanema 3 and Paranapanema 4: socioeconomic and environmental aspects." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 4 suppl 2 (December 2015): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.00513suppl.
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Scarcity of water in the world, virtually, has two sources: the quality and the quantity made available for populations. In the area covered by this study, the selected municipalities from the river basins 3 e 4 of the Paranapanema River and from the basin of the Pirapó River, availability is always greater than the demand and the environmental problems are more often linked to the quality than to the quantity of water. To check the socioeconomic aspects and the daily practices involving water resources and environmental problems we selected a representative sample of families from 10 studied municipalities. The main conclusions point to the existence of key municipalities, regarded as foci of pollution, i. e., the municipalities do not contribute in equal measure to the pollution of rivers from their regions and some stand out in economic activities and inherited cultural practices. However, respondents did not always relate the environmental impacts with their routine and productive activities. Thus, although the new legal environment imposes new practices, there are still cultural heritages, which require more incisive and continuous public interventions.
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Nikolaidis, Nikolaos P., Leeda Demetropoulou, Jochen Froebrich, Claire Jacobs, Francesc Gallart, Narcis Prat, Antonio Lo Porto, et al. "Towards sustainable management of Mediterranean river basins: policy recommendations on management aspects of temporary streams." Water Policy 15, no. 5 (July 8, 2013): 830–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.158.
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In 2011, the European Council stressed the significance of water quality for sustainable development in Europe and emphasized the need for better integration of the water policy objectives into the Common Agriculture Policy reform in rural areas. Since 2000, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) has required the EU Member States to target good ecological status for their water bodies. However, the implementation of the Directive for the numerous Mediterranean temporary streams has been delayed indicating the need for elaboration of the tools and methods that address the special characteristics of such water bodies. This requirement has been addressed by the recently completed MIRAGE project. In the context of the recent publication of the European Commission's Blueprint to Safeguard Europe's Waters, the MIRAGE-proposed framework for the characterization of the eco-hydrological dynamics and the systematic description of the measured impact for temporary rivers could bring considerable added value to the EU revision of all relevant water policies. The project recommends additions to WFD articles including an explicit definition of temporary rivers, adaptation of environmental objectives to their peculiarities and establishment of a proper method to determine the initial status and specific actions in River Basin Management Plans.
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RATKOVICH LEV, D. O., M. MANHAL, N. V. SAFONOVA, and D. V. AGEEV. "WATER RESOURCES TRANSBOUNDARY RIVERS REGULATION ISSUES." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 2 (2021): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-2-92-101.
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The article concentrates on the water management situation of two transboundary basins of different scales taking into consideration the individual characteristics of the system of water resources using. The water management and environmental problems of the Euphrates (Turkey-Syria) and Karkotis (Cyprus) rivers are analyzed and their water management potential is estimated based on their generalized hydrological parameters. The chosen river basins have catchment areas (440 thousand km2 and 90 km2) that differ by several orders of magnitude, but the essence of the problems remains regardless of the scale and requires an equally detailed analysis and an individual methodological approach. The historically tense Mesopotamian region in terms of water resources is considered on the example of the Euphrates River. The existing and projected hydraulic units and water management systems in the Euphrates basin on the territory of Turkey and Syria predetermine a potential conflict of interests. Without focusing on the political aspects of the problem, the current situation and the real water potential on the border of Turkey and Syria are analyzed. The Karkotis River (another name for Klarios), originates in the north-east of the Troodos mountain range and fl ows into the Morphou gulf, Mediterranean Sea. The project «Kariotis» (the name of the project differs a little from the river name) was created in the 90s of the last century by a group of Soviet specialists on the terms of a contract. The project was not implemented for political reasons, but it is of interest in terms of the project tasks to be solved and cross-border features. The most important areas of the scientifi c research related to the hydrological and water management justification of project solutions for water resources management are formulated. This is a primary condition for effective joint water use in transboundary basins.
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Prowse, Terry D., and Joseph M. Culp. "Ice breakup: a neglected factor in river ecology." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-040.
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To minimize environmental impacts that may result from any engineered modifications of stream or river systems, a basic understanding of river ecology is required. Most fundamental theories of river ecology have developed largely from studies of warm-temperate and tropical streams and rivers. As these theories evolved over the last few decades, floods were recognized increasingly as dominant hydrologic events that control numerous abiotic and biotic forms and processes, both within the channel and on the adjacent riparian floodplains. Over approximately the same time frame, river-ice breakup was shown to be a major, if not predominant, source of floods on cold-regions rivers. Despite this, rarely has the role of ice-induced flooding been considered by subsequent modifications to the original theories or in the extensive studies and literature that they spawned. This manuscript reviews the broad, although frequently anecdotal, information about the abiotic and biotic effects of breakup processes and flooding. Based on this, it argues for breakup to be incorporated in future advancements of river ecological theory. The extensive list of cited studies provides a valuable reference source for scientists and engineers assessing development-related impacts on cold-regions streams and rivers, or further researching ecological aspects of river-ice breakup.Key words: river ice, river ecology, freshwater ecology, flooding, breakup, ice jam.
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Baldwin, Darren S., Matthew J. Colloff, Simon M. Mitrovic, Nick R. Bond, and Ben Wolfenden. "Restoring dissolved organic carbon subsidies from floodplains to lowland river food webs: a role for environmental flows?" Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 9 (2016): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15382.
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Environmental flows are managed events in river systems designed to enhance the ecological condition of aquatic ecosystems. Although not traditionally seen as important in lowland rivers, there is mounting evidence that terrestrial subsidies can be an important energy source in aquatic metazoan food webs. We argue that the apparent lack of importance of terrestrial subsidies to many lowland river food webs may reflect an artefact resulting from historical anthropogenic changes to lowland river–floodplain ecosystems, including the loss of lateral connectivity between rivers and their floodplains, changes in floodplain land use and carbon stores, and loss of sites of transformation within the main channel. The loss of floodplain subsidies to the main river channel can be partially redressed using environmental flows; however, this will require mimicking important aspects of natural high-flow events that have hitherto been overlooked when targeting environmental flows to a limited suite of biota. We suggest that key biotic targets for environmental flow releases may not be achievable unless river–floodplain subsidies are sufficiently restored. Environmental flows can go some way to addressing this shortfall, but only if floodplain subsidies to river channels are explicitly included in the design and management of environmental flows.
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Sidjabat, Filson M., Yunita Ismail, and Evi Rismauli. "Pendidikan Lingkungan: Plastic Pollution Awareness di Desa Jatireja, Cikarang, Jawa Barat." ACADEMICS IN ACTION Journal of Community Empowerment 1, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/aia.v1i2.915.
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Waste problems in Indonesia has reached a critical point that is contaminating many aspects in community. Poor waste management in land have an impact in water pollutions, rivers, and toward the ocean. This rivers and oceans pollution are become the spotlights for the world and the government. As a part of education community in West Java, President University has an important role to educati and find solutions relate with this issues, one of them is to implement Thidharma in the form of social empowerment in Jatireja Village. This environmental education activities was sharing knowledge about plastic waste treatment and management that can be conducted in household scale, and to encourage behavioral change and awareness among communities. Creative product of eco-brick was also implemented tas a part of waste utilization to make valueable product. Environmental education are needed to improve community awareness on plastic waste in Indonesia, especially in West Java.
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Cuce, Erdem, Pinar Mert Cuce, Shaik Saboor, Aritra Ghosh, and Yahya Sheikhnejad. "Floating PVs in Terms of Power Generation, Environmental Aspects, Market Potential, and Challenges." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052626.
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Limited reserves of fossil fuels, rising environmental concerns, and a remarkable increase in electricity demand have led to the necessity of harnessing solar energy on a large scale. For this purpose, there has been a noticeable stimulation into photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) over the last three decades, but the land requirement for PVPPs is still a handicap in many countries since valuable lands are considered for other purposes such as agriculture and livestock. For effective conservation of valuable lands and water resources, PVPPs are preferred to be installed on various water bodies such as oceans, seas, lagoons, lakes, rivers, dams, canals, wastewater treatment plants, irrigation ponds, fish farms, wineries, reservoirs, etc. PV systems on water bodies are called floating PVPPs, and they have outstanding advantages compared with land-based PVPPs including better energy generation owing to passive cooling effects, higher system efficiency and reliability, and lower dirt and dust accumulation on PV modules thus lower operating costs. There are also some significant environmental features provided by floating PVs. Shading effects due to PV coverage reduce water losses arising from evaporation. Moreover, algae growth is limited because of mitigated solar radiation, which yields better water quality. This review presents more insight on floating PVPPs in terms of several aspects such as electricity generation, system efficiency, reliability and sustainability, experimental applications and facilities in operation, water and carbon saving as well as challenges.
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Buxton, Mmabaledi, Malebogo Portia Buxton, Honest Machekano, Casper Nyamukondiwa, and Ryan John Wasserman. "A Survey of Potentially Pathogenic-Incriminated Arthropod Vectors of Health Concern in Botswana." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 10556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910556.
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Arthropod vectors play a crucial role in the transmission of many debilitating infections, causing significant morbidity and mortality globally. Despite the economic significance of arthropods to public health, public knowledge on vector biology, ecology and taxonomic status remains anecdotal and largely unexplored. The present study surveyed knowledge gaps regarding the biology and ecology of arthropod vectors in communities of Botswana, across all districts. Results showed that communities are largely aware of individual arthropod vectors; however, their ‘potential contribution’ in disease transmission in humans, livestock and wildlife could not be fully attested. As such, their knowledge was largely limited with regards to some aspects of vector biology, ecology and control. Communities were strongly concerned about the burden of mosquitoes, cockroaches, flies and ticks, with the least concerns about fleas, bedbugs and lice, although the same communities did not know of specific diseases potentially vectored by these arthropods. Knowledge on arthropod vector control was mainly limited to synthetic chemical pesticides for most respondents, regardless of their location. The limited knowledge on potentially pathogen-incriminated arthropod vectors reported here has large implications for bridging knowledge gaps on the bio-ecology of these vectors countrywide. This is potentially useful in reducing the local burden of associated diseases and preventing the risk of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases under global change.
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Romanchuk, M. "The small rivers of Kiev as an integral part of its landscape and natural ecosystem (historical and environmental aspects)." History of Science and Biographical Studies, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/istnauka201903-07.
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Ailah, Mustabsyiratul, and Muh Ridwan. "AKTUALISASI MAKNA AL-TUHURU SHATRU AL-IMAN MELALUI BANK SAMPAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Raushan Fikr 8, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/jimrf.v8i1.3055.
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Indonesia as a country with largest Muslim population in the world should be a role model country in all aspects specifically for environmental hygiene. Hygiene in Islamic teachings is the main priority, even in a hadith mentioned hygiene is part of faith. This means that the level of faith in a Muslim can be measured one of them through the aspect of hygiene reflected in himself and his environment. However, this contradiction in actualization with the fact that Indonesia was in the second position of the world’s largest plastic garbage contributor and National Geographic data stated that there were four rivers in Indonesia, including the 20 dirtiest rivers in the world. This paper aims to analyze the actualization of the meaning of the hadith al-Tuhuru Shatru al-Iman through the Waste Bank as an effort to improve environmental health in preventing the risk of disease occurring and utilization of waste in the economic field to achieve Indonesia Golden 2045. This writing method uses literature review by integrating various literatures of general science and Islamic teaching values. Based on a variety of literature studies it was concluded that Waste Banks are one of the alternative solutions that are efficient in improving environmental health as an actualization of the meaning of Islamic teaching values. Through the Waste Bank the community gets more effective waste management education, and the community as a customer gets benefits in terms of health and economic aspects
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ALBOROV, Ivan, Fatima TEDEEVA, and Olga BURDZIEVA. "ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE TECHNOGENIC DEPOSITS PRESERVATION OF NON-FERROUS METALS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-2-265-272.
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The article presents the results of research on a comprehensive assessment of techno genic waste deposits located in the North Caucasus region, gives a brief description of the material composition of techno genic raw materials, element-by-element quantitative reserves that are part of the accumulated secondary georesources for their possible utilization, production of non-ferrous metals and raw materials for the manufacture of industrial building materials. The article considers the sanitary and ecological parameters of the functioning of man-made raw materials in complex orographic, meteorological and geographical conditions. The critical aspects of the preservation of techno genic waste deposits in the current anthropogenic conditions are identified. The risk factors for the removal of toxic and harmful geomaterials into the water area with significant harm to the flora and ichthyofaunal are identified. For a deeper assessment of the minerals contained in the extracted ore, a unified state register of techno genic waste deposits should be created, Taking into account the high fragmentation of all the above – mentioned process links at the present time , the owners, taking into account the current sanitary and regulatory requirements, must take adequate measures to ensure the regulatory and environmental requirements in accordance with the current Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste”. The need for complex processing of waste from mining and processing industries in the North Caucasus is also dictated by environmental aspects due to the high risk of the occupied territories (they are located in floodplain terraced areas of mountain rivers) due to the flooding of mountain rivers, including the high vulnerability of resort and recreational and balneological complexes due to the negative impact of these negative sources. The assessment of the useful components contained in the extracted ore is currently not carried out in full, and the accumulated waste from processing non-ferrous metal ores is used in small volumes.
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Khilchevskyi, V. K., and V. V. Greben. "MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PONDS IN UKRAINE – REGIONAL AND BASIN ASPECTS." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 3 (58) (2020): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2020.3.2.
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The aim of the study described in the article is to establish the total number of ponds in Ukraine and to analyze the territorial patterns of their distribution in administrative areas, as well as in river basin areas (Dnieper, Dniester, Danube, Southern Bug, Don, Vistula, Crimea rivers, rivers of the Black Sea and rivers of the Azov region), as the main hydrographic units of water management. For the study, cadastral information was used on the ponds of the regional offices of the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine as of 2019. It was established that out of the total number of 50793 ponds in Ukraine, many ponds are located in Vinnitsa (10.5%), Dnepropetrovsk (6.5%) and Kiev (6.3%) regions. In river basin districts – 48.5% of ponds are concentrated in the river basin. Dnieper; 19.6% – in the area of the river basin Southern Bug). According to our research, the vast majority of ponds in Ukraine are very small (up to 2 ha) and small (from 2 to 10 ha) by water surface area. In certain regions of the country, their total share is from 75.1 to 92.6% of the total number of ponds. The proportion of medium-sized ponds (with an area of 10–25 ha) varies from 6.2 to 16.2% in certain regions. Large (with an area of 25-50 ha) and very large ponds (over 50 ha) account for a total of 1.7 to 8.4% of the total number of ponds in certain regions. By the volume of accumulated water, the vast majority of ponds in Ukraine are very small (up to 10 thousand m3) and small (10 to 50 thousand m3). The total share of these two categories ranges from 41.9 – 56.1% in the southern regions to 53.1 – 73.2% – in the northern. The share of ponds average in volume (from 50 to 200 thousand m3) in individual regions ranges from 19.1 to 39.2%. From 7.3 – 11.6% in the northern regions to 12.2 – 20.2% – in the southern regions the total proportion of large (volume from 200 to 500 thousand M3) and very large (from 500 thousand m3 in 1,0 million m3) ponds. As of 01.01. 2019 in Ukraine 71.7% were owned by territorial communities, 28% were leased out. Most ponds for rent in the Transcarpathian region – 100%. In Rivne region, 55% of ponds are leased, 54% in Cherkasy, and 50% in Volyn. Least of all – in Kherson (2%) and Chernihiv (7%) regions. In order to identify the real state of ponds (both quantitative and qualitative), their recreational role, environmental impact and regulation of the hydrographic network in Ukraine, it is necessary to increase attention to comprehensive monitoring of ponds.
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de Moor, Ferdinand C. "Aspects of the life history ofSimulium chutteriandS. bovis(Diptera; Simuliidae) in relation to changing environmental conditions in South African rivers." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 25, no. 3 (January 1994): 1817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1992.11900498.
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Claudino-Sales, Vanda. "An environmental analysis of the acaraú river basin, Brazilian northeastern region." International Journal of Hydrology 4, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00235.
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The rivers and their watersheds are fundamental elements of socioeconomic activities. In this article, we analyze the hydrographic basin of the Acaraú River, situated in the northeast of Brazil, from its geoenvironmental aspects, based on the perspective of the geosystem. In this perspective, a geoenvironmental picture of the hydrographic basin in question is presented, as well as the environmental problems that characterize it, postulating the need to carry out this type of survey to define the basin as a fundamental planning unit. The Acaraú River basin has particular characteristics, since it is located in a poor and extremely populous semi-arid region, which results in socio-environmental stress, whose main consequence is the environmental degradation of the fluvial course. The regional authorities need to be aware of the geoenvironmental elements raised in order to reverse this framework of socio-environmental degradation of water resources and to allow territorial growth based on sustainable development.
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Jyoti Das, Nanda Karmaker, and Ruhul A. Khan. "Reasons and consequences of river water pollution and their remediation: In context of Bangladesh." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 023–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0066.
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As the population grows and the uncontrolled industrialization, urbanization rises as well, it is high time we should give proper attention to the fact of river pollution in our country which is deploying harmful impacts both on human health and environmental, aquatic ecosystem. A plethora of studies have been done on different aspects of river water pollution. In this paper a thorough discussion regarding this fact has been presented compiling a number of important studies on it. Major causes behind this pollution have been mentioned widely, like improper management of industrial and sewage effluents. However, to detect this contamination in the major rivers of Bangladesh, various studies have been done to see the physicochemical properties of the water, such as pH, turbidity, color, odor, DO, TOD, COD, TSS, EC, dissolved metal, and other chemical and bacteriological substances etc. The microorganisms within the water are the prime sources to cause different water borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Scabies and Asthma. To find out the remedies to this problem, urgent emphasis should be given on preventive measures and to take appropriate steps to halt and improve the existing pollution of the rivers. A lot of water treatment systems are being practiced throughout the world to restore the health of the rivers as well as to reuse the waste water. Though the systems are not much popular in Bangladesh, the government should facilitates the practice of them extensively and strengthen the laws against environmental pollution.
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Zola, Fernanda Cavicchioli, Franciely Velozo Aragão, Rafael S. Zola, Cristhiane M. P. Okawa, and Generoso De Angelis Neto. "WASTEWATER EFFLUENT GENERATED BY GROUT INDUSTRIES IN BRAZIL." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.035041.
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Civil construction has grown inadvertently in Brazil, and, consequently, its demands for raw material. The production of such materials, as to any industrial process, yields wastewater effluents and has, in general, as destination water resources such as rivers and lakes. Nonetheless, government inspection can not keep up with the number of starting companies, resulting in the projection of impunity. The present work, the first of the kind, has the goal of analyzing the some chemical physics aspects of wastewater effluents samples generated from grout industries. The study shows that the pH of these samples lie outside the established limit by the national laws. The extremely alkaline pH and high conductivity of these effluents may cause severe damage to the aquatic environment in which they are disposed.
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Zola, Fernanda Cavicchioli, Franciely Velozo Aragão, Rafael S. Zola, Cristhiane M. P. Okawa, and Generoso De Angelis Neto. "WASTEWATER EFFLUENT GENERATED BY GROUT INDUSTRIES IN BRAZIL." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.35-41.
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Civil construction has grown inadvertently in Brazil, and, consequently, its demands for raw material. The production of such materials, as to any industrial process, yields wastewater effluents and has, in general, as destination water resources such as rivers and lakes. Nonetheless, government inspection can not keep up with the number of starting companies, resulting in the projection of impunity. The present work, the first of the kind, has the goal of analyzing the some chemical physics aspects of wastewater effluents samples generated from grout industries. The study shows that the pH of these samples lie outside the established limit by the national laws. The extremely alkaline pH and high conductivity of these effluents may cause severe damage to the aquatic environment in which they are disposed.
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Qian, Chang Ping, Yao Long Liu, Jun Wang, and Zhen Lou Chen. "Empirical Study on the Performance Evaluation of the Black Color and Odor Urban Rivers Treatment Projects." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2104.
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Integrated with the project performance research development in the world, this article structures a performance evaluation system which accords with the urban rivers pollution characteristics and the treatment project performance in the south city of China. With an empirical study on the treatment project of the Panlongjiang River in Nanba Village of Kunming City, this article evaluates the treatment projects from the aspects of social economic profit, ecological benefit and the social benefit for people’s livelihood. The evaluation result shows that the treatment project on the part of Panlongjiang River in Nanba Village of Kunming City works effectively. The investment and income, the benefit of projects and the river environmental quality belong to the level of very efficient. The pollution emission reduction benefit, the ecological quality of riparian zone landscape, aquatic environment condition, and the development of basic establishment belong to the level of efficient. The environmental protection and management performance belongs to the level of ordinary. The practice demonstrates that this evaluation index system has certain serviceability and can reflect the process and the real achievements of treatment projects of black color and odor urban rivers.
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House, Margaret A. "Public perception and water quality management." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0295.
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The visual and odorous characteristics of the environment tend to be those which have the greatest impact upon the public's assessment of environmental quality. In many cases the public's perception of water quality may be based entirely on these aesthetic aspects of a water environment. Those responsible for the management of surface water quality recognise the need to apply a range of management strategies including a consideration of the public's perception of water quality and the impact of this upon their use of rivers and beaches for recreation and amenity. This paper reports upon the results from a recent investigation into the impact of sewage derived litter on perceived water and environmental quality.
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Orrell, DL, and NE Hussey. "Using the VEMCO Positioning System (VPS) to explore fine-scale movements of aquatic species: applications, analytical approaches and future directions." Marine Ecology Progress Series 687 (April 7, 2022): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps14003.
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Recent advancements in telemetry have redefined our ability to quantify the fine-scale movements of aquatic animals and derive a mechanistic understanding of movement behaviours. The VEMCO Positioning System (VPS) is a fine-scale commercial positioning system used to generate highly accurate semi-continuous animal tracks. To date, VPS has been used to study 86 species, spanning 25 taxonomic orders. It has provided fine-scale movement data for critical life stages, from tracking day-old turtle hatchlings on their first foray into the sea to adult fish returning to natal rivers to spawn. These high-resolution tracking data have improved our understanding of the movements of species across environmental gradients within rivers, estuaries and oceans, including species of conservation concern and commercial value. Existing VPS applications range from quantifying spatio-temporal aspects of animal space use and key aspects of ecology, such as rate of movement and resource use, to higher-order processes such as interactions among individuals and species. Analytical approaches have seen a move towards techniques that incorporate error frameworks such as autocorrelated kernel density estimators for home range calculations. VPS technology has the potential to bridge gaps in our fundamental understanding of fine-scale ecological and physiological processes for single and multi-species studies under natural conditions. Through a systematic review of the VPS literature, we focus on 4 principle topics: the diversity of species studied, current ecological and ecophysiological applications and data analysis techniques, and we highlight future frontiers of exploration.
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Hussein, Rabar Mohammed, Bulent Sen, and Feray Sonmez. "EUTROPHICATION PROCESSAND WATER QUALITY INDICES." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 9 (April 2, 2020): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i9.2019.453.
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The paper recent by indices of water quality and effects of eutrophication, Water is one of the most widely distributed substances across the world’s surface and is crucial for a variety of aspects of human health, development and well-being as well as for the functioning of natural ecosystems. Eutrophication is an environmental process enrichment of waters by inorganic nutrients, especially these nutrients are nitrogen and phosphors and results from primary productions. On the other hand, Pollution by eutrophication due to the problems in lakes, rivers and marine habitat. Water quality is important for our health and well-being, can be used for diffident purposes.
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Ren, Kang, Shengzhi Huang, Qiang Huang, Hao Wang, and Guoyong Leng. "Environmental Flow Assessment Considering Inter- and Intra-Annual Streamflow Variability under the Context of Non-Stationarity." Water 10, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121737.
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A key challenge to environmental flow assessment in many rivers is to evaluate how much of the discharge flow should be retained in the river in order to maintain the integrity and valued features of riverine ecosystems. With the increasing impact of climate change and human activities on riverine ecosystems, the natural flow regime paradigm in many rivers has become non-stationary conditions, which is a new challenge to the assessment of environmental flow. This study presents a useful framework to (1) detect change points in runoff time series using two statistical methods (Mann-Kendall test method and heuristic segmentation method), (2) adjust data of the changed period against the original flow series into a stationary condition using a procedure of reconstruction; and (3) incorporate inter- and intra-annual streamflow variability with adjusted streamflow to evaluate environmental flow. The Jialing to Han inter-basin water transfer project was selected as the case study. Results indicate that a change point of 1994 was identified, revealing that the stationarity of annual streamflow series is invalid. The variations of reconstructed streamflow series are roughly consistent with original streamflow series, especially in the maximum/minimum values and rise/fall rates, but the mean value of reconstructed streamflow series is increased. The reconstructed streamflow series would further serve to eliminate the non-stationary of original streamflow, and incorporating the inter- and intra-annual variability would upgrade the ecosystem fitness. Selecting different criteria for the conservation of riverine ecosystems can have significantly different consequences, and we should not focus on the protection of specific objectives that will inevitably affect other aspects. This study provides a useful framework for environmental flow assessment and can be applied to a wide range of instream flow management approaches to protect the riverine ecosystem.
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Morand, David T. "The World Reference Base for Soils (WRB) and Soil Taxonomy: an appraisal of their application to the soils of the Northern Rivers of New South Wales." Soil Research 51, no. 3 (2013): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12144.
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Few soil surveys in New South Wales have utilised international soil classifications. Extensive morphological and laboratory data collected during soil surveys in the Northern Rivers region provided a strong basis for correlation with the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), Soil Taxonomy (ST), and the Australian Soil Classification (ASC). Of the 32 reference soil groups comprising the WRB, 20 were present locally; nine of the 12 ST orders were present. After re-classification of soils, correlation of the ASC with the WRB and ST was undertaken. Soils not requiring extensive laboratory analysis for classification and sharing similar central concepts were the more straightforward to correlate. Several ASC orders have unique central concepts and were therefore difficult to correlate with any one WRB reference soil group or ST order/suborder. Other soils were difficult to correlate due to differences in definitions of similar diagnostic criteria. This is most applicable to soils with strong texture-contrast and those with natric conditions. Such soils are not adequately differentiated to suit the Northern Rivers conditions. Of the two international schemes, the WRB was easier to apply locally due to the relative simplicity of the scheme. Considering certain aspects of Australian soils would improve the applicability of the WRB as a truly international framework for soil classification and correlation. Amendments to both the ASC and WRB are suggested.
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Slavik, I., W. Uhl, J. Völker, H. Lohr, M. Funke, S. Rolinski, and L. Paul. "IntegTa: a procedure for integrative management of dammed raw water reservoirs for drinking water production and their lower reaches." Water Supply 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.186.
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Dammed water reservoirs for drinking water production with their catchment areas and rivers downstream represent dynamic systems that change constantly and are subject to many influences. An optimized management considering and weighing up the various demands on raw water reservoirs (long-term storage for drinking water supply, flood control, ecological state of the rivers downstream, energy production, nature conservation and recreational uses) against each other is therefore very difficult. Thus, an optimal reservoir management has to take into account scenarios of possibly occurring external influences and to permit predictions of prospective raw water qualities, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of short and long term changes in raw water quality on subordinate processes should be considered. This approach was followed in the work presented here, as there currently is no tool available to predict and evaluate the impacts of raw water reservoir management strategies integratively. The strategy supported by the newly developed decision support procedure takes into account all aspects from water quality, flood control and drinking water treatment to environmental quality downstream the reservoir. Furthermore, possible extreme events or changes of boundary conditions (e.g. climate change) can be considered.
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Limbu, Jash hang, BISHNU BHURTEL, ASHIM ADHIKARI, PUNAM GC, MANIKA MAHARJAN, and SUSANA SUNUWAR. "Fish Community Structure and Environmental Correlates in Nepal’s Andhi Khola, Province No. 4, Syangja." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.2510.2020.
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The study of correlations between fish diversity, environmental variables and fish habitat aspects at different space and time scales of Nepal’s rivers and streams is scanty. This study investigated spatial and temporal patterns of fish assemblage structure in Nepal’s Andhi Khola. The field survey was conducted from September 2018 to May 2019 and the fishes were sampled from three sites using a medium size cast net of mesh size ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 cm and gill net having 2-3 cm mesh size, 30-35 feet length and 3-4 feet width, with the help of local fisher man. A total of 907 individuals representing 15 species belonged to four orders, six families and 11 genera were recorded during the study time. To detect the feasible relationships between fish community structure and environmental variables, we executed a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Based on similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis, the major contributing species are Barilius barila (26.15%), Barilius vagra (20.48%), Mastacembelus armatus (8.04%), Puntius terio (6.64%), and Barilius bendelisis (5.94%). One-way analysis similarity (ANOSIM) tried out for both time and space variations in fish community structure suggested that there was a significant difference in temporal variation (R = 0.794, P = 0.0037) but no significant difference in spatial variation (R = -0.18, P = 0.923). Results from the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) vindicated that dissolved oxygen, free carbon-dioxide and total hardness were the principle physio-chemical correlates of fish assemblage structure. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) on the Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) showed significant difference between spring, autumn and winter season but no significant difference was found in spatial variation. The extraction and transportation of boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand mining, haphazard ongoing road development and dam construction for the irrigation without fish ladders were found to be existing threats to the fish diversity of Andhi Khola.
Keywords: Fish assemblage, multivariate analysis, rivers, spatio-temporal, streams
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De Lasme, Omer Zephir. "Adaptation of market gardening in a context of climate variability: the case of marketing gardening at administrative area of Korhogo (Northen Cote-d’Ivoire)." International Journal of Hydrology 4, no. 4 (2020): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00237.
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The rivers and their watersheds are fundamental elements of socioeconomic activities. In this article, we analyze the hydrographic basin of the Acaraú River, situated in the northeast of Brazil, from its geoenvironmental aspects, based on the perspective of the geosystem. In this perspective, a geoenvironmental picture of the hydrographic basin in question is presented, as well as the environmental problems that characterize it, postulating the need to carry out this type of survey to define the basin as a fundamental planning unit. The Acaraú River basin has particular characteristics, since it is located in a poor and extremely populous semi-arid region, which results in socio-environmental stress, whose main consequence is the environmental degradation of the fluvial course. The regional authorities need to be aware of the geoenvironmental elements raised in order to reverse this framework of socio-environmental degradation of water resources and to allow territorial growth based on sustainable development.
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Bauer, M. J., R. Bayley, M. J. Chipps, A. Eades, R. J. Scriven, and A. J. Rachwal. "Enhanced rapid gravity filtration and dissolved air flotation for pre-treatment of river thames reservoir water." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0098.
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Thames Water treats approximately 2800Ml/d of water originating mainly from the lowland rivers Thames and Lee for supply to over 7.3million customers, principally in the cities of London and Oxford. This paper reviews aspects of Thames Water's research, design and operating experiences of treating algal rich reservoir stored lowland water. Areas covered include experiences of optimising reservoir management, uprating and upgrading of rapid gravity filtration (RGF), standard co-current dissolved air flotation (DAF) and counter-current dissolved air flotation/filtration (COCO-DAFF®) to counter operational problems caused by seasonal blooms of filter blocking algae such as Melosira spp., Aphanizomenon spp. and Anabaena spp. A major programme of uprating and modernisation (inclusion of Advanced Water Treatment: GAC and ozone) of the major works is in progress which, together with the Thames Tunnel Ring Main, will meet London's water supply needs into the 21st Century.
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King, A. J., P. Humphries, and P. S. Lake. "Fish recruitment on floodplains: the roles of patterns of flooding and life history characteristics." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-057.
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Floodplain inundation in rivers is thought to enhance fish recruitment by providing a suitable spawning environment and abundant food and habitat for larvae. Although this model has not previously been tested in Australian rivers, it is often extrapolated to fishes of the Murray-Darling Basin. Fortnightly sampling of larvae and juveniles was conducted in the unregulated Ovens River floodplain during springsummer of 1999 (non-flood year) and 2000 (flood year). The only species that increased in larval abundance during or shortly after flooding was an introduced species, common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Additionally, the peak abundance of larvae on the floodplain occurred during a rapidly declining hydrograph under low flow conditions in isolated billabongs and anabranches. The low use of the inundated floodplain for recruitment contradicts previous models. We propose a model of the optimum environmental conditions required for use of the inundated floodplain for fish recruitment. The model suggests that the notion of the flood pulse alone controlling fish recruitment is too simplistic to describe all strategies within a system. Rather, the life history adaptations in the fauna of the system and aspects of the hydrological regime such as duration and timing of inundation will control the response of a river's fish fauna to flooding.