Academic literature on the topic 'Rivières tropicales'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rivières tropicales"
Nguyen, Phu Duc, Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, Babacar Toumbou, Sophie Duchesne, and Nomessi Kokutse. "Utilisation de la modélisation de la qualité de l’eau en rivière pour l’évaluation du respect des normes en contexte de données restreintes : cas d’application du bassin versant de la rivière Cau." Revue des sciences de l’eau 31, no. 3 (December 10, 2018): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054307ar.
Full textMahé, Gil, Jean-Claude Olivry, Robert Dessouassi, Didier Orange, Fatogoma Bamba, and Eric Servat. "Relations eaux de surface–eaux souterraines d'une rivière tropicale au Mali." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 330, no. 10 (May 2000): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(00)00188-9.
Full textNguyen, Hong Trang, Sophie Duchesne, Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, Babacar Toumbou, and Nomessi Kokutse. "Modélisation du régime hydrologique à l’échelle du bassin versant dans le cas de données restreintes : cas de la rivière Cau au Vietnam." Revue des sciences de l’eau 31, no. 3 (December 10, 2018): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054303ar.
Full textKoudenoukpo, Zinsou Cosme, Antoine Chikou, Delphine Adandedjan, Rodrigue Hazoume, Issaka Youssao, Guy Apollinaire Mensah, and A. Philippe Laleye. "Caractérisation physico-chimique d’un système lotique en région tropicale : la rivière Sô au Sud- Bénin, Afrique de l’Ouest." Journal of Applied Biosciences 113, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 11111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v113i1.1.
Full textStumpf, André, Emmanuel Augereau, Christophe Delacourt, and Julien Bonnier. "Photogrammetric discharge monitoring of small tropical mountain rivers: A case study at Rivière des Pluies, Réunion Island." Water Resources Research 52, no. 6 (June 2016): 4550–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018292.
Full textOral, Taller de Tradición, and Pierre Beaucage. "La bonne montagne et l'eau malfaisante. Toponymie et pratiques environnementales chez les Nahuas de basse montagne (Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexique)." Anthropologie et Sociétés 20, no. 3 (September 10, 2003): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015433ar.
Full textBamory, Kamagaté, Séguis Luc, Goné Droh Lanciné, Favreau Guillaume, and Koffi Kouadio. "Processus hydrogéochimiques et séparation d’hydrogrammes de crue sur un bassin versant en milieu soudano-tropical de socle au Bénin (Donga, haute vallée de l’Ouémé)." Revue des sciences de l'eau 21, no. 3 (September 10, 2008): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018782ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Rivières tropicales"
Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie Amelie. "Hydro-écologie des communautés d'invertébrés aquatiques dans les rivières glaciaires équatoriennes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066547/document.
Full textIn mountainous glacierized catchments, stream biodiversity is strongly influenced by physicochemical habitat heterogeneity linked to the spatio-temporal dynamics of water source contributions from snowmelt, ice-melt and groundwater. One impact of climate change is the rapid shrinking of glaciers, resulting in a reduction in glacial meltwater contribution to river flow in glacierized catchments. These modifications in water regimes are expected to affect the aquatic biodiversity. Thus it is of critical importance to understand the effect of glacial influence on aquatic communities in glacierized catchments to be able to predict the impact of glacier retreat on the aquatic biodiversity. In this study, we investigated the effects of the glacial influence on aquatic macroinvertebrates. The study was conducted in 51 stream sites in a glacierized catchment in the equatorial Andes (Antisana, Ecuador), where glacial floods occur all year round due to the lack of thermal seasonality. Our main objectives were to determine the glacial influence at each stream site; to characterize the impact of the glacial influence on the macroinvertebrate communities; and to anticipate the aquatic macroinvertebrates response to glacier retreat. In order to meet these objectives, we quantified the glacial influence using different methods and test its effects on macroinvertebrates at different scales from the stream reach to the entire catchment. These analyses allowed us to better understand the mechanisms governing macroinvertebrates distribution, and to determine the potential risk of species loss with the diminution of glacial meltwater contribution
Girard, Virginie. "Modèles d'habitat statistiques comme outils d'aide à la gestion des débits des rivières insulaires tropicales : Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Réunion." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10055/document.
Full textHydraulic habitat models are frequently used for predicting the ecological impacts of flow management in stream reaches. Their hydraulic component describes microhabitat hydraulics within the reach (e.g. velocity, depth); their biological component describes the "preferences" of aquatic taxa for microhabitat hydraulics. Statistical habitat models involve the modelling of the frequency distributions of hydraulic variables in reaches. Their application requires simple data, but such models are not available for insular tropical streams. We developed hydraulic preference models for 15 diadromous taxa of tropical islands (shrimps and fishes), and statistical hydraulic models for steep streams with large bed particle size. Our models are based on five available biological data sets (~8350 electrofishing units, 52 streams) and original hydraulic measurements (44 streams, 69 site×date) collected in four islands in the Caribbean region (Guadeloupe, Martinique) and the Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mayotte), in collaboration with local partners. Our hydraulic models improve the predictions of observed velocity and depth distributions when compared with previous models developed in continental Europe. Our biological models reflect that hydraulics contribute less to microhabitat selection in tropical islands than elsewhere. Nevertheless, some taxa have significant hydraulic preferences that are comparable among data sets and we illustrate a potential application of our results for guiding low flow management in tropical insular streams
Touron, Poncet Heliott. "Biodiversité des communautés d'invertébrés benthiques des rivières de la Guadeloupe et réponses aux perturbations anthropiques." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2292/.
Full textAquatic communities (algae, invertebrates, fish) have been used for decades to assess the biological quality of rivers. Practical methods to calculate biotic indices have been designed (e. G. , based on macroinvertebrate diversity indices) to be applied routinely by managers of aquatic environments. These standardized methods did not reflect a repository corresponding to the "reference" state of the communities to be expected under natural conditions. . During the last decade, the European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) has prompted a large number of works that have led to a redefinition of biomonitoring tools. One of the newer approaches to assessing the ecological quality of rivers within the Framework is the Reference Condition Approach (RCA), where ecological health is defined in terms of similarity to an undisturbed ("reference") state. Although new, RCA-based bioassessment tools are now implemented in continental Europe, these methods are not directly transferable to EU's Overseas Territories, where biogeographic and climatic conditions on the one hand, and lack of knowledge of the fauna on the other hand do not allow to apply current EU standards. We designed a WFD-compliant biomonitoring index adapted to rivers of Guadeloupe (French Lesser Antilles). The development of this index required to deepen our knowledge of the fauna, and then to define a biotypology of rivers. Our results highlight the importance of land use and geomorphology in the definition of three ecological sub-regions (clusters) for benthic invertebrates. Based on this work, it was possible to create a multi-metric index (IBMA-971) to evaluate the ecological quality of rivers. Among 411 metrics (transformed into ecological quality ratio), we selected metrics with a high efficiency of discrimination, poor specificity and high stability under reference conditions. This index consists of 6 metrics derived from taxonomic diversity, richness, abundance and preference for substratum types. From a set of test data, we found that the IBMA-971 was sensitive to a wide range of anthropogenic impacts. This index proved applicable to islands from the same biogeographical region. In addition, an alternative (cost-effective and less time consuming) sampling method for the calculation of the IBMA was tested. Our results demonstrate that artificial substrates allow a quick assessment of ecological quality in Guadeloupe
Dos, Santos Pinheiro Giana Márcia. "Bilan spatio-temporel du cycle du fer dans un grand bassin intertropical : étude isotopique de la matière en suspension des eaux du fleuve Amazone et de ses grands affluents." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30014.
Full textSuspended matter samples were collected during field campaigns on the Amazon, the Negro, the Solimões and the Madeira rivers. They were investigated for their iron isotope composition in order to verify the possible sources of iron and relate them to different physico-chemical parameters. The samples were collected in different locations and seasons, along depth and lateral profiles. For all the rivers studied, the suspended matter iron isotopic compositions do not display any relation with depth or lateral profiles. White water rivers (i. E. , Amazon, the Solimões and the Madeira) keep their isotopic composition constant and similar to the calculated mean value for the continental crust (d57FeIRMM-14 = 0. 1 ± 0. 03‰), even in different seasons. On the other hand, the Negro River show negative results and variations during the hydrological cycle. In white water rivers little or no fractionation occurs during the transport of iron from clastic sources (rock fragments) to the mainstream of these rivers. On the other hand, the main source of organic matter and reduced iron for the Negro River Basin are podzols that occur in this area. The Amazon River results indicate that the influence of suspended matter with continental crust-like iron isotopic composition from the Solimões and the Madeira rivers to the Amazon River is much stronger than the contribution of negative, organic-rich, suspended matter iron isotopic composition from the Negro River, which is organic-rich. It is inferred, on the basis of this study, that the Amazon River delivers to the Atlantic Ocean a slightly heavy and similar to the continental crust suspended matter iron isotopic composition
Bernadet, Caroline. "Biodiversité des communautés de macroinvertébrés benthiques de la Martinique : conception d'un indice de qualité biologique des rivières et écologie fonctionnelle des bioindicateurs." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2580/.
Full textThe implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) in 2000 led many European states to modify or create biomonitoring methods directed towards the achievement of a 'good ecological status' of surface waters, as well as their preservation and restoration. The Directive applies to overseas territories such as the West Indies, with the same objectives and deadlines as in continental Europe, despite a forty-year delay in the implementation of water policies in these tropical areas and little scientific attention paid to freshwater ecosystems. In particular, there was no tool bioassessment of the ecological quality of rivers adapted to tropical Caribbean island environments, while the regional fauna has been largely understudied in terms of ecology, biology and systematics. In this context, the main objective of this thesis was to design a biotic index to assess the ecological quality of rivers in Martinique, according to the criteria of the WFD. In parallel, the biodiversity and ecology of benthic macroinvertebrates inhabiting the French Antilles were studied. We first established an updated inventory of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of the French Antilles and quantified the ecological preferences of the dominant benthic macroinvertebrates at the microhabitat scale (substrates and current preferential rate) and at the regional scale along the altitudinal gradient. A biotypology of communities enabled us to bring out patterns in community structure in relation to environmental conditions. Finally, a stable isotope approach to food webs analysis provides new information on the trophic ecology of macroinvertebrate communities. Despite a poor species pool compared to the continent, the macroinvertebrate fauna of the French Antilles is one of the most diverse of the Lesser Antilles, and has a large number of endemic species. Only a few taxa show a narrow altitudinal range and strict microhabitat preferences. Despite this, this largely ubiquitous fauna shows clear distribution patterns along environmental gradients, geomorphological factors being the most significant controlling factors. Based on these distributions patterns and the identification of unimpacted reference stations, we created a multimetric index of biological quality of rivers measuring the deviation of community diversity from the reference conditions. This index takes into account the diversity and abundance of taxa, as well as some biological traits. Thus, it meets as much as far as possible the requirements of the WFD, given our current knowledge of the local fauna. Food webs show a generalized omnivory, so it is difficult to categorize taxa into functional groups or trophic guilds which would be useful to understand the ecological functioning of communities under natural and disturbed conditions. Future research should thus enhance fundamental knowledge on the biology and ecology of the regional fauna, and more broadly on the fauna of the Lesser Antilles
Martias, Chloé. "Dynamique de la matière organique dissoute colorée et fluorescente en zone lagonaire tropicale dans le Pacifique Sud (Nouvelle Calédonie) : influences climatiques et anthropogéniques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0133/document.
Full textNew Caledonia (South-West Pacific) is a tropical area under strong environmental pressure (climate change and local anthropogenic forcing). The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the colored (CDOM) and fluorescent (FDOM) dissolved organic matter dynamic in the New Caledonia Lagoon where strong ultramafic erosion pressure is associated with trace metals (i.e., nickel, manganese and cobalt). 3D spectrofluorimetry was used to characterize the CDOM/FDOM. The West and East coasts were sampled during one year and a half in a context of El Niño (2015-2016), interrupted by strong rainy events (storms) and during CALIOPE 3 cruise (East coast). A parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of EEMF led to the identification of 5 fluorophores: marine humic-like, 2 tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like peaks (T2 peak) from the biological balance between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton and a terrestrial humic-like from rivers draining caledonian coast. The CDOM signal at 350 and 442 nm had a strong dependency on river inputs accentuated during storms and revealed photodegraded CDOM. The FDOM signal in the East showed a seasonal cycle (wet/dry season) contrary to the West coast depending on sporadic rainy events. Data acquired during the CALIOPE 3 were coupled with trace metal concentrations, biogeochemical parameters, and plankton communities. Some fluorophores displayed a preferential association with nickel and cobalt. The complexation capacities of these fluorophores toward trace metals were revealed by a quenching experiment that allowed to derive complexation constants
Traoré, Daouda. "Serpentinisation hydrothermale et altération latéritique des roches ultrabasiques en milieu tropical : Evolution géochimique et minéralogique de la minéralisation en platine de la Rivière des Pirogues (Nouvelle-Calédonie)." Phd thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2005. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseDaoudaTraore2005.pdf.
Full textKamagate, Bamory. "Fonctionnement hydrologique et origine des écoulements sur un bassin versant en milieu tropical de socle au Bénin : bassin versant de la Donga (haute vallée de l'Ouémé)." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193895.
Full textLa recherche entreprise vise (i) à déterminer le fonctionnement hydrologique du bassin de la Donga par confrontation des données de précipitation, d'écoulement de surface, de nappe et d'évapotranspiration potentielle, (ii) à caractériser les écoulements par traçage naturel géochimique (paramètres physiques, éléments majeurs et traces) et isotopique (isotopes stables de l'eau : d18O et d2H) afin de hiérarchiser les processus majeurs mis en jeu. Le croisement des informations hydrodynamiques et hydrogéochimiques permet de reconstituer un schéma cohérent du fonctionnement hydrologique sur le bassin. Le caractère temporaire des eaux de surface, l'asynchronisme entre le tarissement des rivières et la vidange des nappes ainsi que la très faible minéralisation des écoulements traduisent une origine superficielle des débits et une déconnexion apparente de la nappe libre du réseau hydrographique.
En accord avec les processus mis en évidence, une décomposition de l'hydrogramme en deux composantes (ruissellement rapide sur surface saturée et flux de subsurface) a été retenue pour 2003 et 2004, deux années à pluviométrie et écoulement contrastés.
Mulholland, Daniel Santos. "Étude de la spéciation et du fractionnement isotopique du fer dans les eaux de l'Amazone est ses affluents." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2403/.
Full textThis work aimed to evaluate the influence of Fe speciation on its isotopic composition in waters with contrasted chemical features. Iron isotope ratios were determined using a Thermo Finnigan Neptune MC-ICP-MS (Multicollector - Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer) with medium or high resolution entry slits, according to the Fe concentration of the samples and the sensitivity of the equipment. The present study shows, for the first time, that Fe adsorption on the phytoplankton cell walls can cause significant isotopic fractionation with preferential accumulation of heavy isotopes on the solid interface. The observed Fe isotopic fractionation (?57Fecell-solution) was ~2. 5‰ for initial solutions containing aqueous Fe2+ species, and ~ 1. 0 ‰ for initial solutions containing aqueous Fe3+ species. This work also shows that bulk water sample storage can cause variations in the dissolved Fe isotopic composition, especially in waters with high concentrations of organic matter stored at room temperature. The Fe isotopic composition of the different pore-sized fractions from the Amazon Basin waters provided precise information about the sources and biogeochemical processes occurring in the upland soils and proved to be good proxies of the mechanisms involving Fe loss and transfer in the mixing zone. Considering that the Fe isotopes composition carries the records of the main sources and biogeochemical processes in soils, it can also be a promising tool to investigate the effects of land use modification and climate changes on continental weathering
Guérin, Frédéric. "ÉMISSION DE GAZ A EFFET DE SERRE (CO2, CH4) PAR UNE RETENUE DE BARRAGE HYDROÉLECTRIQUE EN ZONE TROPICALE (PETIT-SAUT, GUYANE FRANÇAISE) :EXPÉRIMENTATION ET MODÉLISATION." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00079947.
Full textSur 10 ans, les émissions atmosphériques se sont avérées très significatives, notamment les trois premières années ayant suivies la mise en eau, puis décroissent au cours du temps. Tandis que 50% des émissions de CO2 ont lieu à la surface du lac, les émissions de CH4 sont principalement localisées en aval des turbines.
Les émissions atmosphériques résultent de la dégradation de la MO (sol et biomasse issus de la forêt tropicale) immergée lors de la mise en eau et leur diminution au cours du temps découle de l'épuisement du stock de MO. Au terme de 10 ans, 20% du stock de carbone a été minéralisé et émis vers l'atmosphère sous forme de CO2 et de CH4. L'oxydation aérobie du CH4 transforme plus de 95% du CH4 diffusant depuis l'hypolimnion en CO2 dans la colonne d'eau du lac et 40% du CH4 entrant dans la rivière à l'aval. A l'échelle du barrage ce processus est responsable de l'oxydation de 90% du CH4 produit et de 30% des émissions totales de CO2. Le CH4 et le CO2 qui atteignent les eaux de surface du barrage sont émis vers l'atmosphère par flux diffusifs. L'étude de ce processus de transfert gazeux à l'interface air-eau montre que, en milieu tropical, les flux diffusifs sont accélérés par les fortes températures et les phénomènes pluvieux.
Le modèle est basé sur le modèle hydrodynamique SYMPHONIE 2D et les modules biogéochimiques développés dans le cadre de cette étude à partir des données cinétiques des processus étudiés. Les profils verticaux simulés de température, d'oxygène, de CO2 et de CH4 sont bien reproduits. Ce modèle pose les bases d'un outil opérationnel de modélisation pour la retenue de Petit Saut ainsi que pour d'autres réservoirs en milieu tropical.
Book chapters on the topic "Rivières tropicales"
Sannou, Ramoudane Orou, Idrissou Bako, Ismaïl Moumouni, Mohamed Nasser Baco, and Adewole Olagoke. "Participatory Management of Tropical Dry Forests in Benin." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 213–32. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0014-9.ch011.
Full textDounias, Edmond, Stéphanie M. Carrière, and Bernard Moizo. "17. La pêche en rivière." In Habiter la forêt tropicale au XXIe siècle, 233–43. IRD Éditions, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.32198.
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