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Cirak, Mustafa. "Flocculation Behavior Of Two Different Clay Samples From Kirka Tincal Deposit." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612381/index.pdf.
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Fritz, Sarah E. "Molecular basis of the DExH-box RNA helicase RNA helicase A (RHA/DHX9) in eukaryotic protein synthesis." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437413252.
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Bibert, Alexandre. "Les relations syndicales franco-allemandes (France, RFA, RDA) de 1945 à 1973." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG048.
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La Seconde Guerre mondiale a profondément perturbé les sociétés européennes. À son issue, le champ est laissé libre à des dynamiques de recomposition passant par des rapprochements ou, au contraire, par des clivages puissants. Les populations françaises et allemandes ont été affectées au premier chef par ces évolutions. Or, comme les organisations syndicales de travailleurs constituent les principales organisations de masses, elles offrent un angle d’approche particulièrement intéressant pour appréhender le dialogue développé dans un contexte marqué par la partition de l’Allemagne, par la Guerre Froide, et par la construction européenne dont l’interpénétration des économies est un des principaux aspects. Cette thèse considère, à la croisée de la question de la réconciliation et de celle d’une coopération à venir, la mise en place des échanges syndicaux entre la France et les deux Allemagnes, examine la pratique des échanges et éclaire les phénomènes de convergence et de crispation<br>The Second World War profoundly disrupted European societies. When the war came to an end, a dynamic of recomposition, based either on reconciliation or on sharp divisions, took hold of the continent. The French and German populations were the first to bear the brunt of these evolutions. Because of their numerous adherents, trade unions constituted the most important mass organizations of their time, and consequently offer a particularly interesting perspective on the Franco-German dialogue, especially against the backdrop of the division of Germany into two states, the Cold War, and the construction of Europe, of which economic interpenetration was a main aspect. This thesis considers, at the crossroads of a process of reconciliation and of future cooperation, the establishment and structuring of trade unions exchanges between France and Germany, examines exchange practices, and highlights adjoining convergence and tension phenomena
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Bougherara-Souidi, Nassima. "L'Algérie vue par la presse de la RFA et de la RDA : 1962-1978." Paris 8, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA080150.
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Cette thése de doctorat porte sur le dépouillement et l'etude de sept journaux : "Die Welt", "Die Frankfurter allgemeine Zeitung", "Die frankfurter Rundschau", "Der Spiegel", "Die Zeit" (RFA), "Neues Deutschland" et "Horizont" (RDA), publies de mille neuf cent soixante-deux a mille neuf cent soixante-dix-huit. Ce travail de recherche a consiste a faire ressortir une certaine image de l'algerie independante, telle qu'elle se presentait dans cette presse, a analyser et a interpreter la maniere dont l'evolution politique, economique, sociale et culturelle algerienne a ete vecue, perçue et commentée par les journalistes allemands. Nous avons, dans une premiere partie, expliqué les raisons du choix de notre sujet, expose la methode de recherche, presenté une analyse générale des événements algériens, rèdigé une présentation generale de la presse allemande, puis celle plus particuliere de la presse ouest-allemande et est-allemande, analyse les principales etapes de l'evolution des rapports algero-ouest-est-allemands et procede a une évaluation quantitative de l'information globale consacree par ces journaux a l'algerie. Au cours d'une seconde partie, nous avons applique les methodes de l'analyse de contenu : nous avons effectue la quantification de toute l'information publiee par une etude systematique et detaillee de sa frequence et de sa mise en valeur<br>This research thesis is a focus on the german illustration of Algeria by the west and east press from nineteen-sixty-two to nineteen-seventy eight. The research is based on the analysis of seven newspapers published in germany during that period : "Die Welt", "Die frankfurter allgemeine Zeitung", "Die frankfurter Rundschau", "Der Spiegel", "Die Zeit" (FRG), "Neues Deutschland" and "Horizont" (DRG). The purpose of the study is to evaluate the way how the political, economic, social and cultural evolution of algeria was perceived and commented in west and east german newspapers. The first part gives explanations about the choice of the matter. It presents also the methodology used for researching and analyzing the events which characterized this algerian period of development. A general presentation of the german press and that particular of west and east parts. The principal stages of the evolution of the relations between algeria and the east and west parts are analyzed. The global informations about algeria established by german newspapers is evaluated on a quantitative bases. The second part of this study is based on a content analysis. The informations are quantified thanks to the use of a systematic study of their frequency in each
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Almeida, C?ntia Portugal de. "A rua, o poeta e o romantismo: a produ??o liter?ria de Sales Barbosa." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/480.
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Previous issue date: 2016-04-27<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES<br>In this dissertation, we present Francisco de Sales Barbosa (1862-1888), the poet of the street, law school student, the "Para?ba", member of "Clube do Cupins", abolitionist, journalist, public prosecutor, born in the village of Arraial Sant'Anna Fair, today City of Feira de Santana, State of Bahia, Brazil. It is and was in his time, an influential personality in the cultural and political local scene. It is involved with the French literature, German, Brazilian, backlands, was singer of disallowance. Appropriated the poetry recited and heard in the square, made the genre a means to express their struggles and passions in the ideological field. Shared laughter, pain captive, dreams of freedom and justice, backcountry scenery the French fashion, scented by the winds of the alleys. Journalist engaged in social causes, though not recognized as such. He was founder and publicist of some journals of the city, true, rare and scattered. Salvador and Recife, at the time, were disseminators of his poetry. Enter a number and another of feirenses periodicals, the mid-nineteenth century, appeared the author of Cavatinas (1885). Through a combative voice, reflective, ironic, highlighted the injustice, the captives and political power. Our research will say that this is the third poet romantic generation. From theoretical studies of memory and identity, based on sources and periodic studies, visualizaremos the living role of the romantic poet of the Middle Street, the Street Sales Barbosa, the voice not heard in the square that echoes in the country today. So with the study we try to rescue the production of Feirense Francis de Sales Barbosa (1862-1888). The research is bibliographical and documentary.<br>Nesta disserta??o, apresentamos Francisco de Sales Barbosa (1862-1888), o poeta da rua, estudante do curso de Direito, o ?Para?ba?, membro do ?Clube do cupim?, abolicionista, jornalista, promotor p?blico, nascido na Vila Arraial de Sant?Anna da Feira, hoje Cidade de Feira de Santana, no Estado da Bahia, Brasil. ? e foi, no seu tempo, uma personalidade influente no cen?rio cultural e pol?tico local. Envolveu-se com a literatura francesa, alem?, brasileira, sertaneja, foi cantador de glosa. Apropriou-se da poesia declamada e ouvida na pra?a, fez do g?nero um meio de manifestar suas lutas e paix?es no campo ideol?gico. Compartilhou do riso, da dordo cativo, dos sonhos de liberdade e justi?a, do cen?rio sertanejo ? moda francesa, perfumados pelos ventos dos becos. Jornalista engajado nas causas sociais,embora n?o fosse reconhecido como tal. Foi fundador e publicista de alguns peri?dicos da cidade, bem verdade, raros e dispersos. Salvador e Recife, na ?poca, foram divulgadores de sua poesia. Entre um n?mero e outro, dos peri?dicos feirenses, de meados do s?culo XIX, aparecia o autor das Cavatinas(1885). Por meio de uma voz combativa, reflexiva, ir?nica, p?s em evid?ncia os injusti?ados, os cativos e o poder pol?tico. A nossa pesquisa vai afirmar que se trata de poeta da terceira gera??o rom?ntica. A partir de estudos de te?ricos da mem?ria e da identidade, com base em estudos de fontes e peri?dicos, visualizamos o papel vivo do poeta rom?ntico da Rua do Meio, na Rua Sales Barbosa, na voz n?o ouvida na pra?a que faz eco no pa?s da atualidade. Assim, com o estudo, buscamos resgatar o poeta e a produ??o do feirense Sales Barbosa (1862-1888). A pesquisa ? bibliogr?fica e documental.
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Ribeiro, Matheus Meira. "Ecologia e hist?ria natural de lagartos Gymnophthalmidae em ?rea serrana do semi?rido brasileiro." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIAS BIOL?GICAS, 2015. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24457.
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-26<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)<br>A fam?lia Gymnophthalmidae est? distribu?da desde o sul do M?xico ao norte da Argentina, ocorrendo tamb?m em regi?es do Caribe e algumas ilhas continentais da Am?rica Central e do Sul; atualmente, 87 esp?cies desta fam?lia ocorrem no Brasil e 15 destas com distribui??o conhecida para a Caatinga. Dentre as esp?cies da Caatinga, algumas t?m ampla distribui??o nas diferentes fitofisionomias, especialmente em ambientes mais r?sticos, a exemplo de Vanzosaura multiscutata, enquanto outras s?o reconhecidas como tendo distribui??o relictual em ?reas de clima mais ameno, geralmente em ambientes serranos com predomin?ncia de vegeta??o arb?rea, como ? o caso de Anotosaura vanzolinia. Considerando que, durante onze anos de estudos sobre a herpetofauna de ?rea de Caatinga stricto sensu da Depress?o Sertaneja setentrional no Rio Grande do Norte, foi registrada apenas V. multiscutata, e que, com amplia??o desses trabalhos para ?reas Serranas e/ou com vegeta??o arb?rea e clima mais ameno (?reas de exce??o ou Caatinga lato sensu) da Para?ba e Rio Grande do Norte, registraram-se tamb?m A. vanzolinia, este trabalho buscou ampliar e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a ecologia e hist?ria natural destas esp?cies para identificar poss?veis fatores que justifiquem suas distribui??es. Foram realizadas duas expedi??es, com dura??o de vinte dias cada, ? ?rea Serrana de Caatinga no Rio Grande do Norte, nos meses de mar?o e setembro de 2014. Utilizando busca ativa e armadilhas de intercepta??o e queda, foram coletados 38 esp?cimes de V. multiscutata e 18 de Anotosaura vanzolinia. Devido ? diferen?a nas amostras, foram analisados o uso do espa?o (habitat e microh?bitats), ecologia t?rmica e dieta para cada esp?cie. A utiliza??o do habitat foi similar, mas V. multiscutata foi encontrada em ambientes com solo exposto. Para ambas as esp?cies constataram-se correla??es positivas entre as temperaturas corporais e as do substrato e do ar, enquanto correla??es negativas entre as temperaturas corporais e as porcentagens de umidade relativa. Vanzosaura multiscutata e A. vanzolinia demonstraram similaridade quanto ? dieta, com ambas se alimentando predominantemente de insetos, com maiores ?ndices de import?ncia para Hymenoptera/Formicidae (Ix= 29,6 e Ix= 40,1; respectivamente). Os maiores volumes das presas consumidas por V. multiscutata foi Blattaria (36,8%) e por A. vanzolinia foi Hymenoptera/Formicidae (22,8%). Os resultados deste trabalho justificam parcialmente os padr?es de distribui??o conhecidos para estas esp?cies, al?m de ampliar e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre v?rios aspectos da ecologia e hist?ria natural de lagartos gimnoftalm?deos no semi?rido brasileiro.<br>The Gymnophtalmidae family is distributed from South Mexico to North Argentina, also occurring in the Caribbean region and in some continental islands of Central and South Americas; currently, 87 species from this family occur in Brazil, 15 of which have a known distribution along the Caatinga. Among the Caatinga species, some have a wide distribution in the different phytophysiognomies, particularly in more rustic environments, Vanzosaura multiscutata for example, while others are known for having a relictual distribution in areas with milder climate, generally in mountain environments where arboreal vegetation is predominant, as is the case for Anotosaura vanzolinia. Considering that during eleven years of studies on the Caatinga herpetofauna stricto sensu on the Northern Hinterland Depression in Rio Grande do Norte, only V. multiscutata was recorded and with the expansion of these works to Mountain areas and/or with arboreal vegetation and milder climate (exception areas or Caatinga lato sensu) in Para?ba and Rio Grande do Norte, A. vanzolinia was recorded, this work aimed to expand and deepen knowledge on the ecology and natural history of these species in order to identify possible factors that may justify their distribution. Two 20 days expeditions were conducted to each Mountain Caatinga area in Rio Grande do Norte, during the months of March and September 2014. Using active search and pitfall traps, 38 specimens of V. multiscutata and 18 of Anotosaura vanzolinia were collected. Considering the difference in samples, space use (habitat and microhabitats), thermal ecology and diet were analyzed for each species. Habitat use was similar, but V. multiscutata was found in environments with exposed grounds. For both species, positive correlations were found between body temperature and substrate and air temperatures, while negative correlations were found between body temperature and relative humidity percentages. Vanzosaura multiscutata and A. vanzolinia showed similarities regarding diet, with both feeding predominantly of insects, with greater importance rates for Hymenoptera/Formicidae (Ix= 29.6 e Ix= 40.1; respectively). Highest prey consumption volumes by V. multiscutata was Blattaria (36.8%) and by A. vanzolinia was Hymenoptera/Formicidae (22.8%). This works results partially confirmed the distribution patterns known for both species, aside from expanding and deepening knowledge on various aspects regarding ecology and natural history of gymnophthalmids lizards in the Brazilian semiarid region.
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Weber, Pierre-Frédéric. "Le Triangle RFA-RDA-Pologne (1961-1975) : guerre froide et normalisation des rapports germanos-polonais." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030163.
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La normalisation germano-polonaise après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, surtout entre 1961 et 1975, s’apparente à un changement idéel à travers l’interaction dans le micro-système triangulaire formé par les deux Allemagne (RFA, RDA) et la Pologne dans le macro-système de la guerre froide. Vu le rôle actif d’acteurs non-étatiques dans ces États et à partir de plateformes transnationales (Églises, ONG), on essaie d’aller au-delà de l’histoire diplomatique traditionnelle par une évaluation de l’influence de ces acteurs sur les relations germano-polonaises depuis une position dite « nano-systèmique ». Les enjeux majeurs (parmi lesquels la ligne Oder-Neisse, la question européenne et la sécurité européenne) sont traités de façon chronologique et thématique. La « normalisation » se définit comme le résultat de modifications des identités et des intérêts des acteurs collectifs par l’interaction inter-systèmique – un modèle constructiviste applicable aux rapports germano-est-européens en général<br>German-Polish normalization after World War II and specifically between 1961 and 1975 can be seen as a mainly ideational change through interaction in the triadic microsystem formed by both German states (FRG and GDR) and Poland in the macrosystem of the Cold War. Given the active role of non-state actors in those three states as well as on transnational platforms (Churches, NGO’s), this study tries to go farther than traditional diplomatic history. Thus it also includes an appreciation of those non-state actors’ influence on German-Polish relations out of a so called “nanosystemic” position. The main issues (among which: the Oder-Neisse line, the German question and European security) are addressed both chronologically and thematically. “Normalization” is defined as the result of shifts in the corporate actors’ identities and interests through intersystemic interaction – an constructivist explanation that could be extended to other case studies of German-East-European relations
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Sadeghi-Haghighi, Nazanin [Verfasser]. "Vergleich der RDA- und REA-Werte von humanen und bovinen Zahnhartsubstanzproben mit verschiedenen Kunststoffproben / Nazanin Sadeghi-Haghighi." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190727307/34.
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Díaz, Morán Sira. "Temerosidad en ratas heterogéneas (N/NIH-HS) y romanas (RHA/RLA): estudios hormonales y de expresión génica diferencial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/133270.
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La presente Tesis tuvo como objetivos, estudiar la diferencia en ansiedad y otros rasgos conductuales relacionados (p. ej. miedo, susceptibilidad al estrés), a través de una batería de tests conductuales, en tres cepas o stocks de ratas diferentes (RHA-I -poco ansiosas-, RLA-I –muy ansiosas- y N/Nih-HS –ratas genéticamente heterogéneas-), y relacionar dichos perfiles conductuales/psicológicos con la expresión diferencial de genes en estructuras/circuitos cerebrales de conocida importancia en tales fenotipos (p. ej. amígdala e hipocampo).
Para alcanzar tales objetivos, se realizaron dos estudios (Estudio 1, con 128 ratas macho de los tres stocks/cepas mencionados; Estudio 2, con 114 ratas macho), que incluyeron las siguientes pruebas conductuales: Laberinto Circular Elevado (ansiedad incondicionada), test de actividad en situación de novedad (“timidez” y habituación en una “Caja nueva”), test de Campo Abierto, miedo condicionado a un contexto (respuesta de petrificación condicionada), adquisición de evitación activa en dos sentidos en la “Shuttle-box” (ansiedad debida a un conflicto de doble evitación –pasiva y activa- condicionada) y test de natación forzada (como modelo de síntomas relacionados con la depresión y los efectos de los antidepresivos). En el Estudio 1 se obtuvieron también medidas hormonales (ACTH, corticosterona y prolactina) en respuesta al estrés de exponer los animales a una ambiente nuevo y desconocido durante 20 minutos. Tras el análisis conductual y hormonal de estos dos estudios, en el Estudio 3 se llevó a cabo un análisis de expresión génica en amígdala e hipocampo (análisis de microarray y qRT-PCR) de subgrupos de ratas N/Nih-HS seleccionadas (a partir del Estudio 1) por presentar valores extremos en ansiedad (subgrupos de “Baja ansiedad” o “Alta ansiedad”). A partir de este análisis se pudo concluir que: a) las ratas N/Nih-HS presentan un perfil de comportamiento defensivo y hormonal cercano al estilo de afrontamiento pasivo característico de las ratas RLA-I; b) la heterogeneidad genética de las ratas N/Nih-HS y los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de microarray, permiten que sea un modelo animal útil para el estudio de las bases genéticas de la ansiedad y el miedo; c) los análisis de microarray han detectado expresión diferencial (entre dichos subgrupos de ratas extremas en ansiedad) de genes implicados en la regulación de funciones neuroendocrinas, como la prolactina, arginina-vasopresina y la oxitocina, que podrían modular las respuestas de ansiedad y miedo condicionado en amígdala e hipocampo. d) También se ha observado expresión diferencial (entre ambos subgrupos de ratas extremas en ansiedad) de genes reguladores de receptores sensoriales (sobretodo olfativos), genes de receptores opioides (como Oprd1 y Oprl1), genes que participan en funciones inmunológicas (como el gen H2-M9) y genes relacionados con la función tiroidea, como el gen TRH, Tg en hipocampo o el gen Duox2 en amígdala.<br>The main aim of the present Thesis was to study differences in anxiety and related behavioral dimensions (e.g. fear, susceptibitilty to stress) in three different rat strains/stocks (i.e. the RHA-I –low anxious-, RLA-I –high anxious- and the N/Nih-HS –genetically heterogeneous- rat stock), as well as to study the associations among these behavioural profiles and differential gene expression in anxiety/fear/stress-related brain areas (i.e. amygdala and hippocampus).
We conducted two studies (Study 1, using 128 male rats from those three strains/stocks; Study 2, using 114 male rats) to achieve those objectives, using a behavioural test battery which included: Elevated zero-maze test (unconditioned anxiety), novelty-induced exploratory activity (unconditioned fearfulness or “timidity” in a “Novel cage”), Open field test, context-conditioned fear (freezing), acquisition of two-way active avoidance in a shuttle box (instrumental aversive learning mediated by conditioned anxiety/fear, due to the double “passive avoidance/active avoidance” conflict) and forced swimming test (“depressive-related” symptoms: a model for the screening of antidepressant drugs). Baseline and post-stress (i.e. 20-min exposure to a novel cage) hormone measurements (ACTH, corticosterone and prolactin) were also obtained in Study 1. Following the behavioural and hormonal analyses of both studies a gene expression study (Study 3) was carried out. Thus, in Study 3, differential gene expression was assessed (through microarray analysis and qRT-PCR) in amygdala and hippocampus from subgroups of N/Nih-HS rats selected (from Study 1) according to their “low anxiety” or “high anxiety” behavioural profiles. From the analyses of the different studies we can conclude that: a) regarding their anxiety/fearfulness, passive coping style, “depressive-like” and stress-induced hormonal responses, the N/Nih-HS rats resemble the phenotype profiles of the relatively high-anxious and stress-prone RLA-I rat strain; b) the characteristic genetic heterogeneity of the N/Nih-HS rat stock, and the microarray gene expression results, point to that rat stock as an useful animal model to study the genetic basis of anxiety and fear; c) microarray analysis detected differential expression (between the above mentioned subgroups of N/Nih-HS rats with extreme low or high anxiety) of genes involved in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions, such as prolactin, arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin, which could participate in the modulation on anxiety and fear responses. d) Microarray analysis also detected differential expression of sensory receptor genes, opioid receptor genes (i.e. Oprd1 and Oprl1), immunity-related genes (like H2-M9) and thyroid regulatory genes, like TRH and Tg (hippocampus) and Duox 2 (amygdala).
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Grilhot, Marie-Odile. "L'égal accès au RMI-RMA confronté à la libre administration des départements : bilan dans la perspective du RSA." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32031.
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Lucena, Mycarla M?ria Ara?jo de. "Proposta de crit?rios adicionais para defini??o de ?rea Priorit?ria para Conserva??o no Semi?rido brasileiro." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18721.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-20<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>Environmental changes and their consequences on the global level have challenged the different fields of study to integrate towards effective solutions to minimize and /or equate the negative impacts of these changes in different types of environments. In this context, the Environmental Perception has been a widely used and relevant in studies that consider the relationship between the environment and human actions, by allowing analysis of perceptions, attitudes and values, key influencers of topophilia that resonates in conservation tool. Allied to Environmental Perception, Integrated Analysis of the Landscape is relevant because it allows to analyze in a systematic way the geographical space where all its elements are interrelated in a way that supports needed to understand the complex physical and human environment of a given environment. In this perspective, we have studied the Jo?o do Vale Serrano Complex, located in semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte state, which features a set of landscapes with different faces, which are being replaced by various economic activities and disordered population growth, with consequent exploitation the potential of natural resources. This thesis main goal was to combine the Environmental Perception of rural communities to the of Serrano Complex Landscape Analysis as additional criteria for the definition of Priority Areas for Conservation. The perception data were collected through direct observation, questioning, interviews and application forms to 240 people (100 % of occupied households in the mountain community) during the months of february and august 2011, with theoretical and methodological basis Environmental Perception. Integrated Landscape Analysis was performed by GTP (Geosystem - Territory - Landscape) method, using the Geographic Information System (GIS), using the technique of GIS for mapping the landscape. The results showed that respondents have a sense of topophilia by where they live, hold a vast knowledge of the natural resources in this Serrano Complex, and responded positively regarding the choice of an exclusive area for conservation. The Integrated Analysis of Landscape possible to identify the different forms of existing uses and occupations in Serrano Complex, have caused significant changes in space, especially on the plateau where vegetation was virtually replaced by human dwellings and cashew plantations. Through the maps of slope and environmental vulnerability was identified that areas with high slopes (gullies) are limiting
factor for occupation by communities and therefore relevant and amenable to conservation, including by being Permanent Preservation Areas. These results, together, made possible to define a map of Priority Areas for Conservation in Serrano Complex, with three priority categories: low, medium and high. Therefore, the use of these additional criteria are relevant for the definition /designation of Priority Areas for Conservation<br>As transforma??es ambientais e suas consequ?ncias em n?vel global t?m desafiado os diferentes campos de estudo a se integrarem em prol de solu??es efetivas para minimizar e/ou equacionar os impactos negativos causados por essas transforma??es nos diversos tipos de ambientes. Nesse contexto, a Percep??o Ambiental tem sido um instrumento bastante utilizado e relevante em estudos que contemplam as rela??es entre meio ambiente e a??es humanas, por possibilitar an?lises das percep??es, atitudes e valores, principais formadores da topofilia, que repercute em a??es de conserva??o. Aliada ? Percep??o Ambiental, a An?lise Integrada da Paisagem ? relevante por possibilitar analisar de forma sist?mica o espa?o geogr?fico, onde todos os seus elementos est?o interrelacionados de forma que d?o suporte necess?rio para compreens?o da complexidade do meio f?sico e antr?pico de um determinado ambiente. Nessa perspectiva, foi estudado o Complexo Serrano Jo?o do Vale, situado no Semi?rido do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, que apresenta um conjunto de paisagens com diferentes fisionomias, as quais v?m sendo substitu?das por diversas atividades econ?micas e crescimento populacional desordenados, com consequente explora??o das potencialidades dos recursos naturais. Esta tese teve como objetivo geral aliar a Percep??o Ambiental de comunidades rurais ? An?lise da Paisagem do Complexo Serrano como crit?rios adicionais para defini??o de ?reas Priorit?rias para Conserva??o. Os dados de percep??o foram obtidos por meio de observa??o direta, questionamentos, entrevistas e aplica??o de formul?rios a 240 pessoas (100% dos domic?lios ocupados na comunidade serrana), durante os meses de fevereiro a agosto de 2011, com base te?rico-metodol?gica da Percep??o Ambiental. A An?lise Integrada da Paisagem foi efetuada atrav?s do m?todo GTP (Geossistema- Territ?rio- Paisagem), por meio do Sistema de Informa??o Geogr?fica (SIG), utilizando a t?cnica de geoprocessamento para o mapeamento da paisagem. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os entrevistados apresentam um sentimento de topofilia pelo local onde vivem, det?m um vasto conhecimento sobre os recursos naturais existentes nesse Complexo Serrano, e responderam positivamente quanto ? escolha de uma ?rea exclusiva para conserva??o. A An?lise Integrada da Paisagem possibilitou identificar as diversas formas de usos e ocupa??es existentes no Complexo Serrano, que t?m causado mudan?as significativas no espa?o, principalmente no plat? onde a vegeta??o foi praticamente substitu?da pelas habita??es
humanas e planta??es de cajueiros. Atrav?s dos mapas de declividade e vulnerabilidade ambiental foi poss?vel identificar que as ?reas com elevadas declividades (grotas) constituem fator limitante para a ocupa??o pelas comunidades e, portanto, relevantes e pass?veis de conserva??o, inclusive por serem ?reas de Preserva??o Permanente. Esses resultados, em conjunto, possibilitaram definir um mapa de ?reas Priorit?rias para Conserva??o nesse Complexo Serrano, com tr?s categorias de prioridade: baixa, m?dia e alta. Portanto, o uso desses crit?rios adicionais s?o relevantes para defini??o/designa??o de ?reas Priorit?rias para Conserva??o
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Aurenche, Emmanuelle. "Le Vaterbuch (1971-1988) : Les écrivains de RFA, de RDA et d'Autriche et le passé nazi de leurs parents." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030030.
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Pour des raisons compexes, apparait dans les annees 70-80, en rfa, en rda et en autriche, un genre specifique cree par une generation d'ecrivains nes apres l'effondrement du reich hitlerien, qui s'interroge sur le passe nazi de ses parents<br>For different complex reasons a new literary genre appears in the 70-80s in frg, gdr and austria. This genre has been created by a generation of writers,who where born after the collapse of the hitlerian reich. These writers reflect the nazi past of their parents
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Song, Juan. "Characterization and expression of novel small RNAs in Staphylococcus Aureus." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10119/document.
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Les petits ARN (ARNS) sont impliqués dans la régulation post-transcriptionnelle des voies métaboliques et dans les réponses aux stress et la virulence. Chez Staphyloccus Aureus, RNAIII, l’effecteur principal du système AGR, agit comme un ARN antisens pour réguler l’expression de protéines de parois cellulaires et de nombreux cytotoxines en fin de phase de croissance exponentielle. Une série de petits ARN-RSA, ont été découverts par notre équipe en 2009. Les objectifs de cette étude sont : 1) Construire des outils génétiques pour étudier leurs fonctions, II) Analyser leur expression dans diverses conditions in Vitro et in Vivo. Ainsi, nous avons déterminé le niveau d’expression de 4 ARNS (RSAA, RSAE, RASG et RSAH) et ARNIII, lorsque la bactérie a été exposée à divers antibiotiques ou en contact avec d’autres bactéries comme Pseudomonas. Des concentrations sub-inhibitrices (1/16 et 1/8 MIC) de la lévofloxacine augmentent l’expression de RSAH dans RN6390, mas pas dans HG001. Le niveau d’expression de RSAG et RSAH ont été augmentés en présence de P. Aeruginosa, mais le mécanisme de cet effet n’a pas été élucidé. Les données obtenues à partir d’échantillons humains ont montré que l’expression globale des cinq petits ARN a été extrêmement variable dans les abcès, plus homogène dans les crachats des patients atteints de mucoviscidose, et très homogène dans les échantillons de colonisation nasale. Le modèle d’expression particulier des ARNS associé à la colonisation nasale pourrait refléter le commensalisme de S. Aureus dans cette niche<br>Small RNAs (sRNAs) are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of metabolic pathways and in responses to stress and virulence. In Staphylococcus aureus, RNAIII, the main effector of the Agr system, acts as an antisense RNA to regulate the expression of many cell wall proteins and cytotoxins in late-exponential growth phase. A series of novel sRNAs – Rsa were discovered by our team in 2009. The objective of this study is i) to construct genetic tools to study their functions and ii) to analyze their expression in various conditions in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we determined the expression level of 4 sRNAs (RsaA, RsaE, RsaG and RsaH) and RNAIII, when the bacterium was exposed to various antibiotics or in contact with other bacteria such as Pseudomonas. Subinhibitory concentrations (1/16 and 1/8 MIC) of levofloxacin could enhance the RsaH expression in RN6390, not in HG001. RsaG and RsaH level were increased in the presence of P. aeruginosa, however the mechanism of this effect has not been elucidated. Data obtained from human samples showed that the global expression of the five sRNAs was extremely variable in the abscesses, more homogeneous in the sputa of cystic fibrosis patients, and highly uniform in the nasal carrier samples. The unique expression pattern of sRNA associated with nasal colonization might reflect the commensalism of S. aureus in this niche
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Richter, Andreas S. [Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Backofen. "Computational analysis and prediction of RNA-RNA interactions = Computergestützte Analyse und Vorhersage von RNA-RNA-Interaktionen." Freiburg : Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1123475695/34.
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Cunha, Victor do Espirito Santo. "Estudo da atividade biol?gica de extratos de corpo total de ?caros da poeira domiciliar em c?es com dermatite at?pica e identifica??o sorol?gica de al?rgenos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1148.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-21<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES.<br>Whole-body extracts and proteins of mites are used for the diagnosis of allergic diseases in
humans and animals. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the biological activity
of commercial Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis allergenic extracts in dogs
with atopic dermatitis and to identify the allergens present in these extracts by serological
assays. For this purpose, 26 dogs were submitted to skin tests using commercial mite extracts
(ALK-Abell? or FDA Allergenic) and skin reactions were evaluated after 15 min. Allergenic
proteins present in the D. farinae and B. tropicalis extracts were identified by immunoblotting
using sera from allergic animals and anti-dog IgE conjugate. The results showed that 0.95 and
1.68 BU/mL of the commercial D. farinae and B. tropicalis extracts (ALK-Abell?),
respectively, are necessary to provoke a papule measuring 14 mm in diameter in susceptible
animals. Immunoblotting analysis of antigens present in the D. farinae extract (FDA
Allergenic) using sera from 10 allergic animals showed that 80% of the sera recognized a
band of approximately 102 kDa, 80% two bands of 52 to 76 kDa, 70% two bands larger than
225 kDa, 50% one band of approximately 76 kDa, 50% one band of approximately 225 kDa,
40% one band of 31 to 38 kDa, and 20% one band of 12 to 17 kDa. Immunoblotting of
antigens of the B. tropicalis extract (FDA Allergenic) showed that 50% of the sera recognized
two bands of 52 to 76 kDa. These results demonstrate the importance of the two house dust
mite species for the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis in Brazil. In addition, the results
indicate allergens that should be present in allergenic extracts used for diagnosis and allergenspecific
immunotherapy.<br>CUNHA, Victor do Espirito Santo. Estudo da atividade biol?gica de extratos de corpo
total de ?caros da poeira domiciliar em c?es com dermatite at?pica e identifica??o
sorol?gica de al?rgenos. 2010. 49p Tese (Doutorado em Ci?ncias Veterin?rias, Sanidade
Animal). Instituto de Veterin?ria, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade
Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2010.
Extratos de corpo total e prote?nas de ?caros s?o utilizados para diagn?stico de doen?as
al?rgicas em seres humanos e animais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a
atividade biol?gica de extratos alerg?nicos comerciais de Dermatophagoides farinae e Blomia
tropicalis em c?es com dermatitite at?pica e identificar sorologicamente al?rgenos presentes
nesses extratos. Para tanto, 26 c?es foram testados intradermicamente com extratos comerciais
de ?caros (ALK-ABELL? ou FDA Allergenic) e as rea??es cut?neas avaliadas ap?s 15
minutos. Prote?nas alerg?nicas presentes nos extratos de D. farinae e B. tropicalis foram
identificadas por ?immunoblotting? utilizando-se soros dos animais al?rgicos e conjugado
anti-IgE canina. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, para provocar uma p?pula com 14 mm
de di?metro nos animais sens?veis, s?o necess?rios 0,95 BU/mL e 1,68 BU/mL de extratos
comerciais de D. farinae e B. tropicalis (ALK-ABELL?), respectivamente. A an?lise por
?immunoblotting? dos ant?genos presentes no extrato de D. farinae (FDA Allergenic),
utilizando soros de dez animais al?rgicos, mostrou que 80% dos soros reconhecem uma banda
com peso molecular de aproximadamente 102 kDa; 80% duas bandas entre 52 e 76 kDa; 70%
duas bandas acima de 225 kDa; 50% uma banda com aproximadamente 76 kDa; 50% uma
banda com aproximadamente 225 kDa; 40% uma banda entre 31 e 38 kDa; e 20% uma banda
entre 12 e 17 kDa. A an?lise por ?immunoblotting? dos ant?genos do extrato de B. tropicalis
(FDA Allergenic) mostrou que 50% dos soros reconhecem duas bandas com pesos
moleculares entre 52 e 76 kDa. Esses resultados demonstram a import?ncia dessas duas
esp?cies de ?caros da poeira domiciliar na patog?nese da dermatite at?pica canina no Brasil,
assim como indicam al?rgenos que devem estar presentes nos extratos alerg?nicos utilizados
para diagn?stico e imunoterapia al?rgeno-espec?fica.
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Cimaz, Geneviève. "Wieland Förster, sculpteur et écrivain : une carrière d'artiste en RDA." Nice, 1998. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/rda/arts/tforster.pdf.
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Harrison, Nicole Rezac. "Using next-generation sequencing technologies to develop new molecular markers for the leaf rust resistance gene Lr16." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17662.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Plant Pathology<br>John P. Fellers<br>Allan K. Fritz<br>Leaf rust is caused by Puccinia triticina and is one of the most widespread diseases of wheat worldwide. Breeding for resistance is one of the most effective methods of control. Lr16 is a leaf rust resistance gene that provides partial resistance at the seedling stage. One objective of this study was to use RNA-seq and in silico subtraction to develop new resistance gene analog (RGA) markers linked to Lr16. RNA was isolated from the susceptible wheat cultivar Thatcher (Tc) and the resistant Thatcher isolines TcLr10, TcLr16, and TcLr21. Using in silico subtraction, Tc isoline ESTs that did not align to the Tc reference were assembled into contigs and analyzed using BLAST. Primers were designed from 137 resistance gene analog sequences not found in Tc. A population of 260 F[subscript]2 lines derived from a cross between the rust-susceptible cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) and a Thatcher isoline containing Lr16 (TcLr16) was developed for mapping these markers. Two RGA markers XRGA266585 and XRGA22128 were identified that mapped 1.1 cM and 23.8 cM from Lr16, respectively. Three SSR markers Xwmc764, Xwmc661, and Xbarc35 mapped between these two RGA markers at distances of 4.1 cM, 10.7 cM, and 16.1 cM from Lr16, respectively. Another objective of this study was to use genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers closely linked to Lr16. DNA from 22 resistant and 22 susceptible F[subscript]2 plants from a cross between CS and TcLr16 was used for GBS analysis. A total of 39 Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers were designed from SNPs identified using the UNEAK and Tassel pipelines. The KASP marker XSNP16_TP1456 mapped 0.7 cM proximal to Lr16 in a TcxTcLr16 population consisting of 129 F[subscript]2 plants. These results indicate that both techniques are viable methods to develop new molecular markers. RNA-seq and in silico subtraction were successfully used to develop two new RGA markers linked to Lr16, one of which was more closely linked than known SSR markers. GBS was also successfully used on an F[subscript]2 population to develop a KASP marker that is the most closely linked marker to Lr16 to date.
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Wilm, Andreas. "RNA-Alignments und RNA-Struktur in silico." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979837278.
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Grando, Felipe Esteves. "A tipicidade em mat?ria tribut?ria." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4161.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-03<br>A Tipicidade ? um tema extremamente rico por se tratar de um meio eficaz para se alcan?ar uma interpreta??o sistem?tica do Direito. Contudo, a Tipicidade ainda n?o recebeu da doutrina nacional a aten??o que o tema merece. A fluidez e abertura do tipo permitem que o int?rprete construa a norma jur?dica atrav?s da capta??o das poss?veis intensidades de manifesta??o do objeto de interpreta??o, atribuindo assim ao Direito a atualiza??o que o processo legislativo muitas vezes n?o consegue suprir. A constru??o da norma jur?dica por meio dos tipos tamb?m permite que os princ?pios e valores que orientam o sistema jur?dico sejam mais facilmente captados no processo de interpreta??o. Em mat?ria tribut?ria, no Brasil a concep??o de Tipicidade acabou ficando vinculada ? chamada Tipicidade Cerrada, nada relacionada ao conte?do jur?dico que recebeu originalmente na Alemanha. A forte influ?ncia que o Princ?pio da Legalidade exerce sobre o Direito Tribut?rio brasileiro e a indevida tradu??o do termo alem?o Tatbestand para Tipicidade Cerrada, acabou definindo a Tipicidade como a manifesta??o de legalidade qualificada, afirma??o de que todos os elementos da regra-matriz de incid?ncia tribut?ria devem estar prescritos em lei. Ainda que qualquer princ?pio possa ser relativizado diante de circunst?ncias concretas que atribuam a outro princ?pio um maior conte?do jur?dico, n?o se pode negar a forte influ?ncia que a Legalidade exerce sobre o Direito Tribut?rio, por conta da limita??o que esse ramo do Direito imp?e a propriedade e a liberdade. Inegavelmente a Tipicidade ? uma ferramenta extremamente eficaz para uma interpreta??o sistem?tica do Direito, diante da abertura do tipo e do seu preenchimento atrav?s do discurso do int?rprete. O objetivo do presente estudo ? definir o conte?do jur?dico da Tipicidade e analisar a sua compatibilidade com o Direito Tribut?rio brasileiro, em especial como meio para alcan?ar uma interpreta??o sistem?tica
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Salgado, Maria Paula Santos Cordeiro. "Structural studies of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430559.
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Lai, Daniel. "Computational analysis of ribonucleic acid basepairs in RNA structure and RNA-RNA interactions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57538.
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Ribonucleic acids (RNA), are an essential part of cellular function, transcribed from DNA and translated into protein. Rather than a passive informational medium, RNA can also be highly functional and regulatory. Certain RNAs fold into specific structures giving it enzymatic properties, while others bind to specific targets to guide regulatory processes. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, a large number of novel non-coding RNAs have been discovered through whole-transcriptome sequencing. Many efforts have been made to study the structure and binding partners of these novel RNAs, in order to determine their function and roles.
This work begins with a description of my R package R4RNA for manipulating RNA basepair data, the building blocks of RNA structure and RNA binding. The package deals with the input/output and manipulation of RNA basepair and sequence data, along with statistical and visualization methods for evaluation, interpretation and presentation. We also describe R-chie, a visualization tool and web server built on R4RNA that visualizes complex RNA basepairs in conjunction with sequence alignments. We then conduct the largest known evaluation of RNA-RNA interaction methods to date, running state-of-the-art tools on curated experimentally validated datasets. We end with a review of cotranscriptional RNA basepair formation, summarizing biological, theoretical and computational methods for the process, and future directions for improving classical methods in RNA structure prediction.
All content chapters of this thesis has been peer-reviewed and published. The work on R4RNA has led to two publications, with the package used to great visual effect by various publications and also adopted by the RNA structure database Rfam. My assessment of RNA-RNA interaction is at present the only published evaluation of its kind, and will hopefully become a benchmark for future tool development and a guide to selecting appropriate tools and algorithms. Our published review on RNA cotranscriptional folding is well-received, being the first review specifically on its topic.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Poolsap, Unyanee. "Computational methods for predictions of RNA pseudoknotted secondary structures and RNA-RNA interactions." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147348.
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Lackey, Jeremy. "New methods for the synthesis of RNA, novel RNA pro-drugs and RNA microarrays." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92290.
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The demand for synthetic oligonucleotides has grown exponentially over the past decades as genome sequencing, functional genomics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection methods, and gene silencing via RNA interference (RNAi) consume enormous numbers of DNA and RNA oligonucleotides. Although various RNA synthesis chemistries now allow oligoribonucleotides to be produced routinely, the higher complexity and cost of RNA (over DNA) has somewhat limited its availability.<br>A major goal of this thesis work was aimed at finding ribonucleoside synthons that potentially benefit two critical aspects of RNA manufacturing: yield and ease of post-synthesis processing. Towards these goals, we developed methods for the synthesis of RNA using 2'-O-Lv and 2'-O-acetal Lv (ALE) ribonucleoside derivatives. Deprotection of the RNA chains consisted of a three-step deprotection scheme, which eliminated the need for any harsh basic hydrolytic steps, generally composed of: (1) treatment with anhydrous NEt3 (r.t., 1 h) to deblock the phosphate's cyanoethyl groups; (2) hydrazinolysis (r.t., 30 min 4 h) to simultaneously deprotect the nucleobases and 2'-OH positions, and (3) fluoride treatment (r.t., 30 min) to effect cleavage from the controlled pore glass solid support. Significantly, the rather mild conditions to remove 2'-O-Lv or 2'-O-ALE protecting groups did not lead to RNA strand scission. Furthermore, in the case of 2'-O-ALE protection, higher step-wise monomer coupling yields (~98.7%) was possible, since the ALE protection is less bulky than conventional silyl protection, i.e. TBDMS. Furthermore, both 2'-O-Lv or 2'O-ALE chemistries are completely compatible with the synthesis cycles used by all automated gene synthesizers.<br>With adjustments in protecting group strategies for the 5'-OH, exocyclic amino nucleobase groups and the development of a light-labile solid support, two other major goals were achieved: (1) the first in situ synthesis of RNA on microarrays, and (2) synthesis of chemically modified RNA strands with 2'-O-acetal ester and 2'-O-acetal ester pyrrolidines in order to increase lipophilicity and cellular permeability over native RNA. When RNA synthesis was carried out with 5'-O-NPPOC 2'-O-ALE monomers on a microarray ("chip"), deprotection typically involved (1) cleavage of the photolabile 5'-protecting group; (2) treatment with anhydrous NEt3 (r.t., 1 h) to deblock the phosphate's cyanoethyl groups; (3) hydrazinolysis (r.t., 30 min 4 h) to simultaneously deprotect bases and 2'-OH positions. The latter step could also be accomplished with ethylenediamine at room temperature. An RNase A assay was performed as "proof-of-principle" to demonstrate the value of a DNA-RNA microarray for studying enzyme kinetics and specificity on oligonucleotide based libraries. We showed that RNase A acts effectively on a DNA-RNA substrate with measurable kinetics analogous to those of the reference substrates.<br>The novel 2'-O-modified RNA were tested as short interfering RNA pro-drugs ("pro-siRNA") that would cross the cell membrane and be hydrolyzed (at the 2'-O-ester groups) by ubiquitous esterases to release the active (siRNA) molecules. Indeed, both siRNA and pro-siRNA prepared via 2'-O-ALE chemistry were shown to be active in an RNAi luciferase gene knockdown assay, confirming the integrity of the synthesized RNA strands and the promise of the pro-siRNA approach.
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Jensen, Morten Bernt. "Characterisation of an Arabidopsis RNA-dependent RNA polymerase." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437828.
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Olivares, del Real Paloma. "Hare api Hana Roa : Centro educativo Hanga Roa." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111608.
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Memoria (arquitecto)<br>No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo<br>La educación es esencial para generar una
serie de cambios. En el caso de Isla de Pascua,
además de potenciar directamente la cultura
Rapanui, hay formas indirectas para poner
en valor esta misma, ya que puede permitir
la disminución de la dependencia del continente,
teniendo personas calificadas en la isla
para hacer las tareas de la isla, lo que significa
importar menos mano de obra del continente
por ejemplo, lo que permitiría un cierto grado
de protección para la isla, puesto que hoy con
las migraciones tanto de turistas como de trabajadores
se ha generado un choque cultural,
además de no dar abasto con la población
migrante.
Este proyecto viene a ser la primera etapa de
un proyecto educacional para Rapa Nui, complementando la ya existente Aldea Educativa
(liceo técnico-profesional y humanista-científico
municipal). Entonces el fin último del
proyecto es generar un proyecto educacional
que contemple los lineamientos de la reforma
educacional chilena (1997) con los ojos de la
cultura Rapanui.
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Shechner, David M. "The structural basis of RNA-catalyzed RNA polymerization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58463.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The Class I ligase is an artificial ribozyme that catalyzes a reaction chemically identical to a single turnover of RNA-dependent RNA polymerization. Such an activity would have been requisite for the emergence of a self-replicase ribozyme, an enzyme that, according to the RNA World hypothesis, would be fundamental for the emergence of life. Demonstrating the plausibility of RNA-catalyzed self-replication, the Class I ligase catalytic machinery was previously harnessed to produce general RNA polymerase ribozymes. Hence, this ligase represents a robust model system for studying both the potential role RNA may have played in the origins of life and RNA catalysis in general. Through a combination of crystallographic and biochemical experiments, we have sought to elucidate the structure and mechanism of this ribozyme. As a starting point for our experiments, the crystal structure of the self-ligated product was solved to 3.0 Angstrom resolution, revealing a tripodal architecture in which three helical domains converge in the vicinity of the ligation junction. A handful of tertiary interactions decorate this tripod scaffold; among them were two instances of a novel motif, the A-minor triad. The structure elucidated interactions that recognize and bind the primer-template duplex and those that position the reaction electrophile. It furthermore revealed functional groups that compose the active site. Biochemical evidence and the position of these groups lead us to propose a reaction mechanism similar to that used by proteinaceous polymerases. Using a slowly reacting mutant, 3.05-3.15 Angstrom crystal structures were solved of unreacted, kinetically trapped ligase-substrate complexes bound to different metal ions. Comparison of the Ca2+- and Mg2+-bound structures explains the preference of the ligase for Mg 2+. Moreover, these structures revealed features missing in the product structure: interactions to the 5'-triphosphate and an active site catalytic metal ion. While this metal is positioned in a manner similar to the canonical "Metal A" of proteinaceous polymerases, the role of "Metal B" might have been supplanted by functional groups on the RNA. Kinetic isotope experiments and atomic mutagenesis of two active site functional groups imply that they may act in concert to electrostatically aid transition-state stabilization.<br>by David M. Shechner.<br>Ph.D.
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Tomescu, Alexandra Iulia. "Fluorescence studies of influenza RNA and RNA polymerase." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:77f33f82-76f7-4154-912e-5c92bd4bf9c6.
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The influenza A virus genome consists of eight single-stranded segments of negativesense viral RNA (vRNA) with highly conserved, partially complementary termini. These termini associate in a double-stranded RNA structure, known as a panhandle, which is bound by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and can serve as a promoter in both viral transcription and replication. In part A of this thesis, I use a combination of classical biochemistry techniques and fluorescence techniques (both at the ensemble and single-molecule level) for a quantitative investigation of the interaction between purified influenza A RNA polymerase and the individual 5' and 3' conserved termini of the vRNA segments, as well as the double-stranded vRNA promoter. Furthermore, I report the first direct, real-time observation of the promoter changing its structure when bound by the polymerase and show that the structure assumed agrees best with the corkscrew model. In part B of this thesis, I use fluorescence to detect RNA: I design and test a singlemolecule biosensor aimed at probing the presence of influenza A RNA in a sample, on the one hand, and I use click-chemistry to fluorescently label very shorty RNAs (3-25nt) that have been generated in an in vitro transcription reaction, on the other. The biosensing assay I propose can be further developed for diagnostic purposed, while click-chemistry labelling of short RNAs can be optimised and extended such that it becomes a reliable alternative to the use of radiolabels.
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Queiroz, Amanda Maracaj? Vaz de Lima. "Da rua para o shopping Feiraguay: desenho urbano e mem?ria visual do com?rcio popular em Feira de Santana, BA (1970-2012)." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/92.
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-31<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES<br>The social productionof a group can be seen from the visual memories of a urban
space So, the street vendors group trajectory in Feira deSantana city (Bahia-
Brazil), 1970-2012, becomes an important piece of this research, since
theformalized trade of goods redesignstheurban contexture and recreates the city.
?Feiraguay? -objectof this research- brings topics that are able to identifythe
process ofchanging the open market image into a popular shopping mall, resulting
in a new group imageandidentity where the street vendors becomemicroand small
businessmen. The research analyzes ?Feiraguay? urban spacephenomenologically
and newenvironmentgenerated by thisurbanandsocialphenomenain the present
moment. As amethodological process, the urban designhasthe images like a visual
base andmemory resource wich allows a social reality critical view about this
group and the comprehension about its visual memory construction based in
existential space metamorphosescontributes to Feira deSantana visual culture.<br>A produ??o social de um grupo pode ser analisada a partir das transforma??es do espa?o urbano, advindas de suas mem?rias visuais. Assim, a trajet?ria do grupo de vendedores ambulantes da cidade de Feira de Santana, BA, no per?odo de 1970-2012, torna-se pe?a-chave desta pesquisa, uma vez que o com?rcio formalizado de produtos importados redesenha o tecido urbano e reinventa a cidade. O ?Feiraguay?, objeto de estudo desta pesquisa, traz em si elementos
capazes de identificar o processo de mudan?a da imagem de com?rcio de feira livre para a de shopping popular, resultando na nova imagem e identidade do grupo, que de vendedores ambulantes passam a ser micro e pequenos empres?rios. A pesquisa busca analisar fenomenologicamente o espa?o urbano do ?Feiraguay? e os novos ambientes de qualidade gerados por este fen?meno urbano e social, na contemporaneidade feirense. O Desenho Urbano, como processo metodol?gico, tem nas imagens o suporte visual e recurso da mem?ria, o que permite uma vis?o cr?tica da realidade social do grupo estudado e a compreens?o da constru??o da mem?ria visual do grupo, a partir das metamorfoses do espa?o existencial, contribui para a cultura visual de Feira de Santana.
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Costa, J?nior Jo?o Batista da. "Hist?rias de vida de pessoas em situa??o de rua em Natal/RN / fotografias do trabalho de constru??o identit?ria individual." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21409.
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Previous issue date: 2016-04-18<br>O debate cient?fico sobre o fen?meno popula??o em situa??o de rua tem permeado as agendas de investiga??o de algumas ?reas do conhecimento humano, sobretudo, as arenas de estudo das ci?ncias humanas e sociais. Algumas pesquisas nacionais apontam que o fen?meno ? complexo, mesclado por processos sociais, psicol?gicos, objetivos e subjetivos (ROSA, 2005) e compreende uma s?ntese de m?ltiplas determina??es inerentes ? sociedade capitalista (SILVA, 2009). Diante disso, esta tese objetiva apresentar uma an?lise cr?tico-discursiva do trabalho de constru??o identit?ria individual de pessoas que viveram ou est?o em situa??o de rua na cidade de Natal/RN, consoante suas pr?prias hist?rias de vida, configuradas por narrativas do ?eu?. Para construir a an?lise, tomamos como foco tr?s objetivos espec?ficos: a) identificar redes de socializa??o representativas do trabalho de constru??o identit?ria individual; b) apontar as percep??es de cada indiv?duo diante do fen?meno popula??o em situa??o de rua, e c) Discutir a identifica??o e a caracteriza??o que cada indiv?duo faz diante de suas rela??es com o fen?meno popula??o em situa??o de rua. A fim de alcan?armos nossos objetivos, ancoramo-nos nos postulados te?ricos da An?lise Cr?tica do Discurso - ACD (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, 2006), especificamente em sua Abordagem Sociol?gica e Comunicacional do Discurso - ASCD (PEDROSA, 2014, 2015), que abrange a Sociologia para a Mudan?a Social (BAJOIT, 2006, 2008, 2013) e a Lingu?stica Sist?mico-Funcional, esta ?ltima, contemplando o Sistema de Transitividade (HALLIDAY, 1985, 1994; HALLIDAY e MATHIESSEN, 2004 e CUNHA e SOUZA, 2011). Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa (descritiva e interpretativa), ancorando-se na Lingu?stica Aplicada (CELANI, 1992; SIGNORINI e CAVALCANTI, 1998; SIGNORINI, 1998; MOITA LOPES, 1990, 1996, 1998, 2006 e 2013). O corpus est? organizado por cinco hist?rias de vida. As hist?rias foram constitu?das por meio da oficina Linguagem e Identidade: ?Letras nas ruas?, aplicada durante o II Semin?rio Potiguar de Popula??o em Situa??o de Rua e por meio do acesso ? comunidade virtual Natal Invis?vel. Ante um contexto de aparta??o social, configurado pelas agruras vividas e alijamento de direitos humanos, os resultados salientam que a constru??o identit?ria individual de pessoas que viveram ou est?o em situa??o de rua em Natal/RN compreende um trabalho do indiv?duo enquanto sujeito de si mesmo frente ? constru??o de identidade de resist?ncia, de projeto e de pol?tica. Essas identidades revelam uma vontade ontol?gica direcionada ? emancipa??o do sujeito em situa??o de rua, um sujeito politicamente consciente de seus direitos e deveres que caminha em dire??o ao seu empoderamento cidad?o, reclamando promo??o efetiva de pol?ticas p?blicas destinadas a sua reinser??o social. Uma vez que as identidades individuais s?o constru?das por meio de posicionamentos ideol?gicos que alicer?am vozes contra-hegem?nicas e contribuem para a supera??o de assimetrias sociais, infere-se que os sujeitos, ao construir suas identidades, podem promover mudan?a social e cultural, posto que deslegitimam os estigmas sociais negativos associados ?s pessoas em situa??o de rua em Natal/RN.<br>The scientific debate concerning the population phenomenon on the streets has permeated the research agendas of some areas of human knowledge, especially the study of arenas of human and social sciences. Some national researches show that the phenomenon is complex, mixed by social, psychological, objective and subjective processes ( ROSA , 2005) and comprises a synthesis of multiple determinations inherent in capitalist society (SILVA, 2009). Therefore, this thesis aims to present a critical- discursive analysis of individual identity construction work of people who have lived or are living on the streets in the city of Natal / RN, based on their own life stories, set by narratives of "I " . To build the analysis, we focus on three specific objectives: a) to discuss the representative socialization networks of individual identity construction work; b ) to characterize the perceptions of each individual concerning the population phenomenon on the streets, and c ) To examine the identification and characterization that each individual makes of his relations with the population phenomenon on the streets. In order to achieve our goals, we followed the theoretical postulates of Critical Discourse Analysis - ACD (Fairclough, 2001, 2006), specifically in its Sociological and Communicational Approach to Speech - ASCD (PEDROSA, 2014, 2015), which covers the sociology for Social Change (BAJOIT , 2006, 2008 , 2013) and Systemic Functional Linguistics, the latter, considering the Transitive system (HALLIDAY , 1985 , 1994; Halliday and Mathiessen , 2004 and CUNHA and SOUZA, 2011). Methodologically, it is a qualitative research (descriptive and interpretative), anchored on Applied Linguistics (CELANI, 1992; SIGNORINI and Cavalcanti, 1998; SIGNORINI 1998; MOITA LOPES, 1990 , 1996, 1998 , 2006 and 2013 ). The corpus is based on five life stories which were recorded during the Language and Identity Workshop : " Letters on the streets " , applied during the II Population Potiguar Seminar on the homeless and through the access to the Hidden Natal virtual community. In light of a context of social apartheid, set up by experienced hardships and jettisoning of human rights, the results point out that the individual identity construction of people who have lived or are on the streets in Natal / RN comprises a work of the individual as the subject himself in light of the construction of identity resistance, and design policy. These identities reveal an ontological will directed to the emancipation of the subjects on the streets, a politically conscious subject of rights and duties that works towards one's citizen empowerment, demanding effective promotion of public policies aimed at their social reintegration. Once the individual identities are constructed by ideological positions that underpin voices counterhegemonic and contribute to overcoming social inequalities, it appears that the subject, to build their identities, can promote social and cultural change, once delegitimizes the negative social stigmas associated with the homeless in Natal/RN.
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Bonfim, Daniele Helena. "Criptografia RSA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55136/tde-06042017-164507/.
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Neste trabalho é apresentado um pouco da história da criptografia, assim como sua importância nos dias atuais, a base da teoria dos números e de congruência modular necessárias para compreender a criptografia RSA, que é o foco deste trabalho. A criptografia RSA é a mais usada atualmente por causa da dificuldade em ser decodificada. Foi elaborada e apresentada uma aula aos alunos do ensino fundamental e médio participantes do Programa de Iniciação Científica Júnior da OBMEP, sendo mostrado o porquê ela funciona, os métodos de codificação e decodificação.<br>In this work some of the history of cryptography is presented, as well as its nowadays applications. The RSA encryption is the most widely used because of the difficulty to being decoded. In order to understand the RSA encryption, which is the focus of this work, we recall some basis of number theory and modular congruence. Also, it was prepared and presented a lecture to the students of middle and high school participants in the Program of Junior Scientific Initiation of OBMEP, being shown why it works, methods of encoding and decoding.
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Sipola, T. (Tapani). "RSA-salausmenetelmä." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201710193003.
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Tutkielmassa esitellään lyhyesti salakirjoituksen perusperiaatteita. Tämän jälkeen perehdytään RSA-salauksen periaatteeseen, jonka toimivuus todistetaan. Lisäksi kerrotaan RSA-salauksen käytöstä digitaalisessa allekirjoituksessa. Lopuksi perustellaan RSA-salauksen turvallisuutta tutkimalla mahdollisia heikkouksia ja miten niitä voi välttää. RSA-salaus hyödyntää nopeaa potenssiinkorotusalgoritmia, jota sovelletaan kautta työn.
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Pizúr, Lukáš. "Robotická ruka." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399489.
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The aim of this work is to design a robotic hand, which will be controlled by wireless Wi-Fi, will be equipped with a camera and for easier operation will be designed control glove. The first part of the thesis is a theoretical analysis, various variants of sensors are described, which can be used for motion detection, each drive units and their control. Next chapters are focused on used electronic modules and microcontrollers. The second part is practical and is focused on the mechanical design of a five-finger robotic hand and fixing to a robotic arm. Also described is the control electronics of the entire robotic hand and the programmed firmware. Next, the design and implementation of the control glove is described. The last chapter describes the programmed application for the Android operating system.
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Wright, Sam Mathew. "Structural and biophysical studies of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d5c2a16d-e1e2-4c22-aca5-70f72aa96853.
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RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) play a vital role in the life cycle of RNA viruses, being responsible for genome replication and mRNA transcription. In this thesis viral RdRps (vRdRps) of dsRNA bacteriophage phi6 (phi6 RdRp) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus [non structural protein 12 (NSP-12)] are studied. For SARS polymerase NSP-12, a library-based screening method known as ESPRIT (Expression of Soluble Protein by Random Incremental Truncation) was employed in an attempt to isolate domains of NSP-12 that express solubly in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and are thereby suitable for structural studies. This experiment identified for the first time in a systematic fashion, conditions under which the SARS polymerase could be solubly expressed at small scale and allowed mapping of domain boundaries. Further experiments explored different approaches for increasing expression levels of tractable fragments at large scale. Bacteriophage phi6 RdRp is one of the best studied vRdRps. It initiates RNA synthesis using a de novo mechanism without the need for a primer. Although formation of the de novo initiation complex has been well studied, little is known about the mechanism for the transition from initiation to elongation (i.e. extension of an initiated dinucleotide daughter strand). In the phi6 RdRp initiation complex the C-terminal domain (CTD) blocks the exit path of the newly synthesised dsRNA which must be displaced for the addition of the third nucleotide. The crystal structure of a C-terminally truncated phi6 RdRp (P2T1) reveals the strong non-covalent interactions between the CTD and the main body of the polymerase that must be overcome for the elongation reaction to proceed. Comparing new crystal structures of complexes of both wild-type (WT) and a mutant RdRp (E634 to Q, which removes a salt-bridge between the CTD and main body of the polymerase) with various oligonucleotides (linear and hairpin), nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) and divalent cations, alongside their biophysical and biochemical properties, provides an insight into the precise molecular details of the transition reaction. Thermal denaturation experiments reveal that Mn2+ acquired from the cell and bound at the phi6 RdRp non-catalytic ion site sufficiently weakens the polymerase structure to facilitate the displacement of the CTD. Our crystallographic and biochemical data also indicate that Mn2+ is released during this displacement and must be replaced for the elongation to proceed. Our data explain the role of the non-catalytic divalent cation in vRdRps and pinpoint the Mn2+-dependent step in viral replication. In addition, by inserting a dysfunctional Mg2+ at the non-catalytic ion site for both WT and E634Q RdRps we captured structures with two NTPs bound within the active site in the absence of Watson-Crick base pairing with template and could map movements of divalent cations during preinitiation through to initiation. Oligonucleotides present on the surface of phi6 RdRp allowed mapping of key residues involved in template entry and unwinding of dsRNA; these preinitiation stages have not been observed previously. Considering the high structural homology of phi6 RdRp with other vRdRps, particularly from (+)ssRNA hepatitis C virus (HCV), insights into the mechanistic and structural details of phi6 RdRp are thought to be relevant to the general understanding of vRdRps.
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Hahn, Daniela. "Brr2 RNA helicase and its protein and RNA interactions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5775.
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The dynamic rearrangements of RNA and protein complexes and the fidelity of pre-mRNA splicing are governed by DExD/H-box ATPases. One of the spliceosomal ATPases, Brr2, is believed to facilitate conformational rearrangements during spliceosome activation and disassembly. It features an unusual architecture, with two consecutive helicase-cassettes, each comprising a helicase and a Sec63 domain. Only the N-terminal cassette exhibits catalytic activity. By contrast, the C-terminal half of Brr2 engages in protein interactions. Amongst interacting proteins are the Prp2 and Prp16 helicases. The work presented in this thesis aimed at studying and assigning functional relevance to the bipartite architecture of Brr2 and addressed the following questions: (1) What role does the catalytically inert C-terminal half play in Brr2 function, and why does it interact with other RNA helicases? (2) Which RNAs interact with the different parts of Brr2? (1) In a yeast two-hybrid screen novel brr2 mutant alleles were identified by virtue of abnormal protein interactions with Prp2 and Prp16. Phenotypic characterization showed that brr2 C-terminus mutants exhibit a splicing defect, demonstrating that an intact C-terminus is required for Brr2 function. ATPase/helicase deficient prp16 mutants suppress the interaction defect of brr2 alleles, possibly indicating an involvement of the Brr2 C-terminus in the regulation of interacting helicases. (2) Brr2-RNA interactions were identified by the CRAC approach (in vivo Crosslinking and analysis of cDNA). Physical separation of the N-terminal and C-terminal portions and their individual analyses indicate that only the N-terminus of Brr2 interacts with RNA. Brr2 cross-links in the U4 and U6 snRNAs suggest a step-wise dissociation of the U4/U6 duplex during catalytic activation of the spliceosome. Newly identified Brr2 cross-links in the U5 snRNA and in pre-mRNAs close to 3’ splice sites are supported by genetic analyses. A reduction of second step efficiency upon combining brr2 and U5 mutations suggests an involvement of Brr2 in the second step of splicing. An approach now described as CLASH (Cross-linking, Ligation and Sequencing of Hybrids) identified Brr2 associated chimeric sequencing reads. The inspection of chimeric U2-U2 sequences suggests a revised secondary structure for the U2 snRNA, which was confirmed by phylogenentic and mutational analyses. Taken together these findings underscore the functional distinction of the N- and C-terminal portions of Brr2 and add mechanistic relevance to its bipartite architecture. The catalytically active N-terminal helicase-cassette is required to establish RNA interactions and to provide helicase activity. Conversely, the C-terminal helicase-cassette functions solely as protein interaction domain, possibly exerting regulation on the activities of interacting helicases and Brr2 itself.
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Franco, J??nior Nilson Jos?? "San????es pol??ticas em mat??ria tribut??ria." Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia, 2016. https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2216.
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Previous issue date: 2016-12-12<br>This dissertation discusses the topic political sanctions on tax matters. Performs a general
approach on tax penalties, its features, functions and species. Analyzes the concepts and
definitions of those restrictive measures that are recognized by the Supreme Court as
illegitimate, highlighting how consolidated in patriotic courts through sumulares set out in
paragraph 70, 323 and 547. It also makes an analysis of those restrictive sanctions law,
because of their purpose, the Supreme Court recognizes as legitimate. Are then analyzed all
the precedents that gave rise to the guiding overviews the recognition of tax political
sanctions, bringing to discuss the case studies and their particularities that made firmasse that
understanding. After analyzed the precedents and their motives, the rights and guarantees that
are considered constitutional basis for the recognition of tax policy sanction is analyzed and
therefore deserving the jurisdictional control of the judiciary as a guarantee of compliance
with these precepts. Finally, it concludes with previous studies of the Supreme Court, which
recognized legitimate and illegitimate tax penalties, enabling a comparison between the
decisions.<br>A presente disserta????o discorre sobre o tema san????es pol??ticas em mat??ria tribut??ria. Realiza
uma abordagem geral sobre san????es tribut??rias, suas caracter??sticas, fun????es e esp??cies.
Analisa os conceitos e defini????es daquelas medidas restritivas que s??o reconhecidas pelo
Supremo Tribunal Federal como ileg??timas, destacando a forma como se consolidou nos
tribunais p??trios por meio dos enunciados sumulares 70, 323 e 547. Tamb??m faz uma an??lise
das san????es restritivas de direito que, em raz??o de sua finalidade, o Supremo Tribunal Federal
reconhece como leg??timas. Em seguida, s??o analisados todos os precedentes que deram
origem ??s s??mulas orientadoras do reconhecimento de san????es pol??ticas tribut??rias, trazendo ??
discuss??o os casos pr??ticos e suas particularidades, que fizeram com que se firmasse aquele
entendimento. Depois de analisados os precedentes e seus motivos, ponderam-se os direitos e
garantias fundamentais que s??o considerados como fundamento constitucional para o
reconhecimento da san????o pol??tica tribut??ria, merecendo, por isso, o controle jurisdicional do
Poder Judici??rio como forma de garantia da observ??ncia desses preceitos. Por fim, finaliza-se
com estudos de precedentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal, que reconheceram san????es
tribut??rias leg??timas e ileg??timas, possibilitando-se um comparativo entre as decis??es.
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Marozo, Lu?s Fernando da Rosa. "Manuel Bandeira: mem?ria e hist?ria da poesia." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2003.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-29<br>Na recep??o da Apresenta??o da poesia brasileira, de Manuel Bandeira, procuro averiguar a vis?o de poesia e de na??o que seu autor prop?e. Tenho como aporte te?rico a proposta de uma hist?ria conceitual de David Perkins e os fundamentos da ci?ncia emp?rica construtivista de Siegfried Schmidt. O texto ganhar? significa??o como documento do passado, mas, aqui, o passado ser? visto como uma constru??o intelectual no presente do historiador, atrav?s da qual ele organiza suas experi?ncias mentais e sensoriais em um sistema coerente. A mem?ria, nesse modelo, ? gerada com base na autorreferencialidade e permite ao homem atender ?s necessidades atuais, ou seja, possui um car?ter pragm?tico, e n?o o de conservar os acontecimentos do passado. Portanto, essa hist?ria da poesia ? resultado de uma experi?ncia presente e de conhecimento presente de Manuel Bandeira que serve de sintoma de uma ?poca e de um grupo. Nessa perspectiva, ela constr?i e n?o reconstr?i conceitos de poesia e na??o para a nossa mem?ria coletiva
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Tavares, Luísa Mendes. "Da rua para a rua: percursos para uma performance." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5401.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Partindo do corpo que caminha pela cidade, com ou sem rumo, a presente dissertação procura investigar as relações que cercam essa simples ação, levando em consideração, inclusive, a roupa que esse homem veste. O corpo é discutido, tentando encontrar modos mais viscerais para um contato com a realidade operante e arquitetar novas narrativas. A caminhada é o mais simples ato para a (des)apropriação de territórios a serem experimentados. A roupa é a fronteira entre o corpo e a cidade. A camuflagem aparece como um meio eficiente de contactar o corpo com o meio e sua lógica atravessa nosso contato com o mundo. As cidades, suas ruas e espaços públicos solicitam o uso coletivo e se entregam satisfeitos às intervenções urbanas. O texto segue visitando trabalhos que cruzam esse conjunto, buscando desvios nos espaços e resignificando objetos abundantes que se apresentam sem finalidade, procurando inverter lógicas vigentes para realizar outros usos do corpo, da roupa e da cidade<br>Starting from the body that walks through the city, with or without direction, this paper investigates the relationships which surround this simple action, taking into account even the clothing worn by the man. The body is discussed, trying to find ways for a more visceral contact with reality and architecting new narratives. Walking is the simplest act for (dis)appropriation of territories to be experiments. Clothing is the boundary between the body and the city. The camouflage appears as an efficient way to connect the body and the environment, and its logic through our contact with the world. Cities, streets and public spaces solicit the collective use and recive, pleased, urban interventions. The text follows visiting art works that intersect this set, looking for deviations in spaces and redefining objects that present themselves in abundance without purpose, to reverse the logical force and, then, to make other uses of the body, clothing and the city
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Kimura, Richard Henry. "The SINE RNA stress response and Alu RNA activity /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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D'Abramo, Claudia M. "Biochemical characterization of the BVDV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase during initiation and elongation of RNA synthesis." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111870.
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The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family, including the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is critical for viral replication. The major goal of this PhD study was to biochemically characterize the role of the polymerase during initiation and elongation of RNA synthesis, utilizing the BVDV RdRp as a model system. We showed that the BVDV polymerase efficiently incorporates chain-terminating nucleoside analogues, which ultimately arrest RNA synthesis. The incorporated chain-terminators, however, can be removed from the primer terminus in the presence of pyrophosphate (PPi). These results suggest that the phosphorolytic excision of incorporated chain-terminators is a possible mechanism that can diminish the efficiency of this class of compounds against viral RdRps. The chain-terminators then served as valuable tools in subsequent experiments to analyze the functional role(s) of the RdRp-associated GTP-specific binding site (G-site) and the consequences of GTP binding during the initiation of RNA synthesis. The results provide biochemical evidence for the existence of a G-site in the BVDV enzyme, and suggest that GTP binding controls template positioning during de novo initiation. Finally, through the development of a novel ribonuclease-based footprinting assay, it was determined that catalytically active complexes contact the newly synthesized RNA during elongation of RNA synthesis with approximately 6-7 base pairs. The polymerase moves along the template according to the position where RNA synthesis is arrested. Taken together, this study provides novel insight into mechanisms involved during initiation and elongation of RNA replication of viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family. The ability of RdRps to excise incorporated chain-terminators points to possible shortcomings of nucleoside analogue inhibitors that are under development as antiviral agents for the treatment of infection with HCV.
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Sissia, Julie. "Regards sur les deux Allemagnes : la place de la RFA et de la RDA dans les discours sur l’art contemporain en France, 1959-1989." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0043.
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Cette thèse propose d’étudier la place des deux Allemagnes, c’est-à-dire de la RFA et de la RDA, dans les discours sur l’art contemporain en France entre 1959 et 1989. Il s’agit d’aborder de manière nouvelle l’histoire de l’art en France en considérant la place qu’y occupent ces deux pays. Leur confrontation met en relief la manière dont le regard sur les deux Allemagnes nourrit les débats et les questionnements spécifiques au contexte donné de la France. L’appréhension par le biais des deux Allemagnes permet de retracer une histoire des discours sur l’art contemporain en France dans un contexte d’antagonismes idéologiques. Les enjeux esthétiques et politiques sont indissociables dans la perception de chacune des deux scènes artistiques. Ils déterminent l’écriture de l’histoire de l’art sur le vif à laquelle se livrent les protagonistes des échanges. Dans la filiation des transferts culturels et de l’histoire croisée, ainsi que des études historiographiques récentes sur l’art contemporain, cette étude met en évidence la diversité des regards sur l’art des deux Allemagnes et en souligne les points aveugles<br>This PhD thesis analyses the gaze cast on divided Germany which is at stake in the narratives on contemporary art in France between 1959 and 1989. It aims at considering French art history in a new way, paying attention to the discourses developed by French art critics and historians about the GDR and the FRG. The unequal reception of those two concurrent German art scenes during the cold war reveals the political antagonisms which French discourses about art are based on. This dissertation is inspired by historical methodologies provided by cultural transfers and crossed history, as well as by recent historiographical research on contemporary art. It points out the diverse perceptions of the two Germanies and underlines their blind spots
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Barbosa, Tatiana Salom?o. "Avalia??o micol?gica e micotoxicol?gica de ra??es fornecidas na dieta de til?pias em criat?rios." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1141.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-09<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior- CAPES.<br>BARBOSA, Tatiana Salom?o. Mycological and mycotoxicological evaluation of feed
supplied in the diet of tilapias in breeding. 2011. 37 p. Dissertation (Master?s Degree in
Science and Technology of Food). Technology Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de
Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011.
Pisciculture is a specific branch of aquaculture aimed at raising fish in captivity. For its great
advantages tilapia stand out as the queens of modern pisciculture and its cultivation has been
pointed out by experts as a promising activity in the world and especially in Brazil due to its
potential hydrological, climatic conditions and excellent satisfactory production of grains used
in manufacturing ration. It is known these grains are highly susceptible to fungal
contamination with possible formation of mycotoxins, and this constitutes a major problem
worldwide. Among the genera evolved in mycotoxins production is Aspergillus, Penicillium e
Fusarium. The most prevalent mycotoxins are aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins,
zearalenone and trichothecenes. These are substances capable of affecting the productivity
with serious economic losses and risks to animal and human health. Then, this study aimed to
determine the water activity and the total contaminant mycoflora, to establish the occurrence
of species potentially mycotoxin-producing belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium
and Fusarium, to determine the presence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1 and to
characterize mycotoxins profile of toxigenic strains isolated from feed supplied in the diet of
tilapia in piscicultures. ,Samples (60) were collected from commercial feed directly from the
fish-farming properties in Central and South regions of Rio de Janeiro. Water activity was
measured . The total mycoflora was determined by serial decimal dilution plate and fungal
colonies were identified at genera level. The identification of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium
spp. followed specific taxonomic keys. The profile was conducted to toxigenic strains
potentially ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 producers isolated from the samples. The
determination of the natural incidence of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 was performed by thin
layer chromatography and fumonisin B1 was determined by ELISA kits. Data were submitted
to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparisons of means by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The
average of the aW of the samples was 0.61 ? 0.041 in the Central Region and 0.58 ? 0.060 in
the South, both below the value considered optimal for fungal growth and mycotoxin
production. Mean levels of fungal contamination were 1.0 x 103 CFU g-1 in the Central and
4.7 x 103 CFU g-1 in the South region, being within the recommended standards for
international Good Manufacturing Practice for feed, which is 1.0 x 104 CFU g-1 The most
isolated genera were Cladosporium (85%), Aspergillus (68%) and Penicillium (60%). The
most frequent species were P. citrinum (31%), A. niger aggregate (21%) and A. flavus (20%).
All isolates of A. niger aggregate were negative for the capacity to produce ochratoxin A.
Among the A. flavus strains, 16% were positive for the production aflatoxin B1. Concerning
the natural incidence of mycotoxins, the samples had detectable levels of fumonisin B1 (98%),
aflatoxin B1 (55%) and ochratoxin A (2%). The detection of mycotoxins in almost all the feed
samples analyzed highlights the need to implement good agriculture and manufacturing
practices, in order to ensure the safety of feed and to reduce the risk of mycotoxicosis
occurrence.<br>BARBOSA, Tatiana Salom?o. Avalia??o micol?gica e micotoxicol?gica de ra??es
fornecidas na dieta de til?pias em criat?rios. 2011. 37 p. Disserta??o (Mestrado em Ci?ncia
e Tecnologia de Alimentos). Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de
Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011.
A piscicultura ? um ramo espec?fico da aq?icultura voltada para a cria??o de peixes em
cativeiro. Por suas grandes vantagens as til?pias se destacam como as rainhas da piscicultura
moderna e seu cultivo vem sendo apontado por especialistas como promissora atividade no
mundo e principalmente no Brasil em decorr?ncia do seu potencial hidrogr?fico, condi??es
clim?ticas excelentes e produ??o satisfat?ria de gr?os utilizados na fabrica??o de ra??o. Sabese
que estes gr?os s?o altamente suscept?veis ? contamina??o f?ngica com poss?vel forma??o
de micotoxinas, o constitui um problema de grande import?ncia em n?vel mundial. Dentre os
g?neros f?ngicos envolvidos na produ??o de micotoxinas destacam-se o Aspergillus,
Penicillium e Fusarium. As micotoxinas de maior preval?ncia s?o as aflatoxinas, ocratoxina
A, fumonisinas, zearalenona e tricotecenos. Estas s?o subst?ncias capazes de afetar os
par?metros produtivos, com graves perdas econ?micas e riscos para a sa?de animal e humana.
Assim, este estudo objetivou determinar a atividade de ?gua e a micobiota total contaminante,
estabelecer a ocorr?ncia de esp?cies potencialmente produtoras de micotoxinas pertencentes
aos g?neros Aspergillus, Penicillium e Fusarium, determinar a presen?a de aflatoxina B1,
ocratoxina A e fumonisina B1 e caracterizar o perfil tox?geno de cepas de esp?cies isoladas de
amostras de ra??es fornecidas na alimenta??o de til?pias provenientes de pisciculturas. Para
isto, foram coletadas 60 amostras de ra??es comerciais diretamente das propriedades
piscicultoras nas regi?es Centro e Sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As amostras tiveram sua
atividade de ?gua aferida. Em seguida, a micobiota total foi determinada pelo m?todo de
dilui??o decimal seriada em placa. Depois de isoladas, as col?nias foram identificadas em
n?vel de g?nero. A identifica??o de Aspergillus spp. e Penicillium spp. seguiu chaves
taxon?micas espec?ficas. O perfil tox?geno foi realizado para as cepas potencialmente
produtoras de ocratoxina A e de aflatoxina B1 isoladas das amostras. A determina??o da
incid?ncia natural destas micotoxinas foi realizada atrav?s de cromatografia em camada
delgada. A determina??o da presen?a de fumonisina B1 nas amostras foi feita atrav?s de kits
ELISA. Os resultados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA) e compara??o de
m?dias pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). A m?dia obtida da Aa das amostras foi de 0,61 ? 0,041
na Regi?o Centro e de 0,58 ? 0,060 na Regi?o Sul, ambas abaixo do valor considerado ?timo
para o crescimento f?ngico e produ??o de micotoxinas. Os n?veis m?dios de contamina??o
f?ngica foram de 1,0 x 103 UFC g-1 no Centro e de 4,7 x 103 UFC g-1 no Sul do Estado,
ficando dentro dos padr?es recomendados pelas Boas Pr?ticas de Fabrica??o internacional
para a alimenta??o animal, que ? de 1,0 x 104 UFC g-1 de amostra. Os g?neros f?ngicos mais
isolados foram Cladosporium (85%), Aspergillus (68%) e Penicillium (60%). As esp?cies
mais freq?entes foram P. citrinum (31%), A. niger agregados (21%) e A. flavus (20%). Todas
as cepas isoladas de A. niger agregados foram negativas para o teste de capacidade produtora
de ocratoxina A. Dentre as cepas de A. flavus isoladas, 16% foram positivas para a produ??o
de aflatoxina B1. Quanto ? incid?ncia natural de micotoxinas, 98% das amostras apresentaram
n?veis detect?veis de fumonisina B1, 55% de aflatoxina B1 e 2% de ocratoxina A. A detec??o
de micotoxinas em quase todas as amostras de ra??o analisadas ressalta a necessidade de
implanta??o de boas pr?ticas de agricultura e de fabrica??o, a fim de se garantir um alimento
mais seguro e reduzindo os riscos da ocorr?ncia de micotoxicoses.
42
Kable, Moffett Lee. "Kinetoplastid RNA editing : analysis of the mechanism of guide RNA directed uridylate insertion into precursor messenger RNA /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9295.
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Vasale, Jessica J. "Roles of Cellular RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases in Endogenous Small RNA Pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2010. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/481.
Full textAbstract:
The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans is a two-step, small RNA-mediated silencing pathway. Unlike in other organisms, Dicer processing of double-stranded RNA into small interfering (si) RNAs is not sufficient in worms to induce gene silencing. The activity of cellular RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) is necessary to synthesize a secondary pool of siRNAs, which interact with a unique class of Argonaute proteins to form the functional effector complexes that mediate silencing. The aims of this thesis were to: 1) characterize the role of RdRP family members in endogenous small RNA biogenesis; 2) identify the Argonaute proteins that interact with RdRP-dependent small RNAs; and 3) investigate the biological function of RdRP-dependent small RNA pathways in C. elegans.
In this thesis, I describe genetic, deep sequencing, and molecular studies, which identify 22G-RNAs as the most abundant class of endogenous small RNA in C. elegans. The 22G-RNAs resemble RdRP-dependent secondary siRNAs produced during exogenous RNAi, in that they possess a triphosphorylated 5’ guanine residue and exhibit a remarkable strand bias at target loci. Indeed, I show that 22G-RNAs are dependent on the activity of the RdRPs RRF-1 and EGO-1 and function in multiple distinct endogenous small RNA pathways. Interestingly, I have found that RRF-1 and EGO-1 function redundantly in the germline to generate 22G-RNAs that are dependent on and interact with members of an expanded family of worm-specific Argonaute (WAGO) proteins. The WAGO/22G-RNA pathway appears to be a transcriptome surveillance pathway that silences coding genes, pseudogenes, transposons, and non-annotated, or cryptic, transcripts. In contrast, I have found that EGO-1 alone is required for the biogenesis of a distinct class of 22G-RNAs that interact with the Argonaute CSR-1. Surprisingly, the CSR-1/22G-RNA pathway does not appear to silence its targets transcripts. Instead, the CSR-1/22G-RNA pathway is essential for the proper assembly of holocentric kinetochores and chromosome segregation.
Lastly, I show that a third endogenous small RNA pathway, the ERI pathway, is a two-step silencing pathway that requires the sequential activity of distinct RdRPs and Argonautes. In the first step of this pathway, the RdRP, RRF- 3, is required for the biogenesis of 26G-RNAs that associate with the Argonaute, ERGO-1. In the second step, RRF-1 and EGO-1 generate 22G-RNAs that associate with the WAGO Argonautes.
This work demonstrates how several C. elegans small RNAs pathways utilize RdRPs to generate abundant populations of small RNAs. These distinct categories of small RNAs function together with specific Argonaute proteins to affect gene expression, to play essential roles in development, and in the maintenance of genome and transcriptome integrity.
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Croci, R. "RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE: A VALUABLE TARGET TO BLOCK VIRAL REPLICATION IN SINGLE-STRANDED (+)SENSE RNA VIRUSES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/243352.
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The (+)strand RNA viruses include a very large group of viruses that cause epidemic diseases in humans, including dengue fever and gastroenteritis. The human (+)RNA viruses include Flaviviruses (FV) and Norovirus (NV). Both encode for proteins essential for viral replication, such as the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Since human cells lack RdRp, it appears as one of the most promising targets for antivirals development. I worked on the identification of new non-nucleotide inhibitors against FV and NV, using RdRp as the main target. In this context, suramin and NF023 have been identified in my lab as NV RdRp inhibitors that, however both are hampered in their application by pharmacokinetics problems. To overcome such problems, I analyzed the potential inhibitory role of Naf2, a fragment derived from these two molecules. Although Naf2 showed a low inhibitory activity, the crystal structures of NV RdRp/Naf2 complex revealed a new binding site. To further map this new site, I tested a Naf2 related molecule, PPNDS. The crystal structures of the RdRp/PPNDS complex revealed interesting features about the new binding site. I also focused on structurally related molecules synthesized following structure-driven information. NV RdRp crystal structures in complex with one of these compounds (Cpd6) were analyzed, providing new knowledge on the interactions between a small fragment and NV RdRps, establishing a platform for structure-guided drug optimization. In parallel to the NV work, I screened in silico a library of compounds against FV RdRp. One of the best compounds identified (HeE1-2Tyr) was able to inhibit the RdRp activity and several FVs in cell-based assays. Although the crystallographic analyses don't reveal clear enough electron density for the inhibitor, indirect evidence suggests that HeE1-2Tyr interferes with the RdRp priming loop that appears disordered.
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Nip, Ka Ming. "RNA-Bloom : de novo RNA-seq assembly with Bloom filters." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62590.
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High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is primarily used in measuring gene expression, quantifying transcript abundance, and building reference transcriptomes. Without bias from a reference sequence, de novo RNA-seq assembly is particularly useful for building new reference transcriptomes, detecting fusion genes, and discovering novel spliced transcripts. This is a challenging problem, and to address it at least eight approaches, including Trans-ABySS and Trinity, were developed within the past decade. For instance, using Trinity and 12 CPUs, it takes approximately one and a half day to assemble a human RNA-seq sample of over 100 million read pairs and requires up to 80 GB of memory. While the high memory usage typical of de novo RNA-seq assemblers may be alleviated by distributed computing, access to a high-performance computing environment is a requirement that may be limiting for smaller labs. In my thesis, I present a novel de novo RNA-seq assembler, “RNA-Bloom,” which utilizes compact data structures based on Bloom filters for the storage of k-mer counts and the de Bruijn graph in memory. Compared to Trans-ABySS and Trinity, RNA-Bloom can assemble a human transcriptome with comparable accuracy using nearly half as much memory and half the wall-clock time with 12 threads.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Alumni<br>Graduate
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Gularte, Jorge Alberto Fontoura. "ARTISTA NA RUA E ARTISTA DE RUA: Enfrentamento e resistência." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5236.
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul<br>The presented dissertation reflects upon artistc proposals wich confronted the artist with his practice, making him think about it over two different perspectives: the practice of the "street artist" and the "artist IN the street". It's about thinking the artistic practice related to the work "Portraits $1" (Retratos $1), made in the public context of the city streets, making portrait-drawings with a sfereographic pen on paper and duplicated-portrait with carbon paper on paper.The street is where the portrait-drawing takes place and is exchanged for R$1,00 (UM Real) while the duplicated-portrait created with the carbon paper is archived by the artist. This artistic project brings up "Key" questions to think about art today: where is the artists place, the production of art and the public? The research focuses on the artistic production wich takes place with the contact of the public, when acting like a street artist, the work blurs the value codes and legitimation towards what is produced, to both art context and street context.<br>A presente dissertação reflete sobre as propostas artísticas que confrontaram o artista com a sua prática, fazendo-o pensar como essa se dá sob os diferentes enfoques: a prática do artista DE rua e a prática do artista NA rua. Trata-se de pensar a prática artística a partir do trabalho Retratos $1 , realizada no contexto público das ruas da cidade, produzindo retratos desenhos com caneta esferográfica sobre papel e retratos-duplicata de papel carbono sobre papel. A rua é o lugar onde o retrato-desenho é trocado com o transeunte retratado por R$ 1,00 (Um Real) enquanto o retrato-duplicata gerado com o papel carbono é arquivado pelo artista. Este projeto de artista ressalta questões chaves para se pensar a arte hoje: qual o lugar do artista, da produção da arte e do público? A pesquisa foca na produção artística que se dá no contato direto com o público, quando atuando como um artista de rua, o trabalho borra os códigos de valor e legitimação para o que é produzido, tanto no contexto da arte, quanto no contexto das ruas.
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Böhm, Stefanie. "Non-protein-coding RNA : Transcription and regulation of ribosomal RNA." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för molekylär biovetenskap, Wenner-Grens institut, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102718.
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Cell growth and proliferation are processes in the cell that must be tightly regulated. Transcription of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal biogenesis are directly linked to cell growth and proliferation, since the ribosomal RNA encodes for the majority of transcription in a cell and ribosomal biogenesis influences directly the number of proteins that are synthesized. In the work presented in this thesis, we have investigated the ribosomal RNA genes, namely the ribosomal DNA genes and the 5S rRNA genes, and their transcriptional regulation. One protein complex that is involved in RNA polymerase I and III transcription is the chromatin remodelling complex B‑WICH (WSTF, SNF2h, NM1). RNA polymerase I transcribes the rDNA gene, while RNA polymerase III transcribes the 5S rRNA gene, among others. In Study I we determined the mechanism by which B‑WICH is involved in regulating RNA polymerase I transcription. B‑WICH is associated with the rDNA gene and was able to create a more open chromatin structure, thereby facilitating the binding of HATs and the subsequent histone acetylation. This resulted in a more active transcription of the ribosomal DNA gene. In Study II we wanted to specify the role of NM1 in RNA polymerase I transcription. We found that NM1 is not capable of remodelling chromatin in the same way as B‑WICH, but we demonstrated also that NM1 is needed for active RNA polymerase I transcription and is able to attract the HAT PCAF. In Study III we investigated the intergenic part of the ribosomal DNA gene. We detected non-coding RNAs transcribed from the intergenic region that are transcribed by different RNA polymerases and that are regulated differently in different stress situations. Furthermore, these ncRNAs are distributed at different locations in the cell, suggesting that they have different functions. In Study IV we showed the involvement of B‑WICH in RNA Pol III transcription and, as we previously had shown in Study I, that B‑WICH is able to create a more open chromatin structure, in this case by acting as a licensing factor for c-Myc and the Myc/Max/Mxd network. Taken together, we have revealed the mechanism by which the B‑WICH complex is able to regulate RNA Pol I and Pol III transcription and we have determined the role of NM1 in the B‑WICH complex. We conclude that B‑WICH is an important factor in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Furthermore, we found that the intergenic spacer of the rDNA gene is actively transcribed, producing ncRNAs. Different cellular locations suggest that the ncRNAs have different functions.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript; Paper 3: Manuscript</p>
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DeBlasio, Daniel. "NEW COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR MULTIPLE RNA ALIGNMENT AND RNA SEARCH." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4070.
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In this thesis we explore the the theory and history behind RNA alignment. Normal sequence alignments as studied by computer scientists can be completed in $O(n^2)$ time in the naive case. The process involves taking two input sequences and finding the list of edits that can transform one sequence into the other. This process is applied to biology in many forms, such as the creation of multiple alignments and the search of genomic sequences. When you take into account the RNA sequence structure the problem becomes even harder. Multiple RNA structure alignment is particularly challenging because covarying mutations make sequence information alone insufficient. Existing tools for multiple RNA alignments first generate pair-wise RNA structure alignments and then build the multiple alignment using only the sequence information. Here we present PMFastR, an algorithm which iteratively uses a sequence-structure alignment procedure to build a multiple RNA structure alignment. PMFastR also has low memory consumption allowing for the alignment of large sequences such as 16S and 23S rRNA. Specifically, we reduce the memory consumption to $\sim O(band^2*m)$ where $band$ is the banding size. Other solutions are $\sim O(n^2*m)$ where $n$ and $m$ are the lengths of the target and query respectively. The algorithm also provides a method to utilize a multi-core environment. We present results on benchmark data sets from BRAliBase, which shows PMFastR outperforms other state-of-the-art programs. Furthermore, we regenerate 607 Rfam seed alignments and show that our automated process creates similar multiple alignments to the manually-curated Rfam seed alignments. While these methods can also be applied directly to genome sequence search, the abundance of new multiple species genome alignments presents a new area for exploration. Many multiple alignments of whole genomes are available and these alignments keep growing in size. These alignments can provide more information to the searcher than just a single sequence. Using the methodology from sequence-structure alignment we developed AlnAlign, which searches an entire genome alignment using RNA sequence structure. While programs have been readily available to align alignments, this is the first to our knowledge that is specifically designed for RNA sequences. This algorithm is presented only in theory and is yet to be tested.<br>M.S.<br>School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Computer Science MS
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Digard, Paul Eugene. "Analysis of the influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA poymerase complex." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304251.
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Xu, Guorong. "RNA CoMPASS: RNA Comprehensive Multi-Processor Analysis System for Sequencing." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1531.
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The main theme of this dissertation is to develop a distributed computational pipeline for processing next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. RNA-seq experiments generate hundreds of millions of short reads for each DNA/RNA sample. There are many existing bioinformatics tools developed for the analysis and visualization of this data, but very large studies present computational and organizational challenges that are difficult to overcome manually. We designed a comprehensive pipeline for the analysis of RNA sequencing which leverages many existing tools and parallel computing technology to facilitate the analysis of extremely large studies. RNA CoMPASS provides a web-based graphical user interface and distributed computational pipeline including endogenous transcriptome quantification and additionally the investigation of exogenous sequences.