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Tanaka, A. L. R., H. H. R. Neves, J. A. Oliveira, R. Carvalheiro, and S. A. Queiroz. "Índice de seleção bioeconômico para fêmeas de corte da raça nelore." Archivos de Zootecnia 61, no. 236 (September 12, 2012): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v61i236.2209.
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A eficiência reprodutiva da fêmea Nelore foi descrita com base na precocidade sexual, permanência produtiva no rebanho (NP), produtividade materna (PM) e custo de mantença estimado (CM). A combinação dessas características deu origem ao índice bioeconômico retorno maternal (RMat), que estima o retorno em quilos de peso vivo produzidos por uma vaca em um ano. Em adição, incluiu-se a composição do peso produzido, adicionando à PM os escores de conformação, precocidade e musculatura a desmama, compondo o biótipo do bezerro. Foram consideradas precoces as fêmeas cuja idade ao primeiro parto foi inferior a 30 meses. A NP foi expressa pelo número de partos até 53 meses de idade. O CM foi calculado em função do consumo estimado de matéria seca da vaca. O RMat médio estimado foi 62,02±24,12 kg/vaca/ano. As estimativas da variância genética aditiva e residual do RMat, usando a metodologia da máxima verossimilhança restrita, sob um modelo animal unicaracterística, foram 195,35 e 242,96, respectivamente. A herdabilidade estimada para Rmat foi 0,45±0,02, indicando que o índice é herdável e pode ser aplicado na seleção para eficiência reprodutiva. A NP foi o componente de principal variação do RMat. Touros selecionados com base no RMat apresentaram filhas mais eficientes.
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Droit, Arnaud, Charles Cheung, and Raphael Gottardo. "rMAT - an R/Bioconductor package for analyzing ChIP-chip experiments." Bioinformatics 26, no. 5 (January 19, 2010): 678–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq023.
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Westover, S. P. "Pursuit of an rmat designation for an unexpected patient population." Cytotherapy 23, no. 5 (May 2021): S204—S205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1465324921006344.
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Narvaez, Iker, Javier Yanci, Ander Romarate, Ibai Garcia-Tabar, Estibaliz Romaratezabala, and Aitor Iturricastillo. "Reproducibilidad de diferentes test físicos en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas. [Reproducibility of different physical tests in wheelchair basketball players]." RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte 17, no. 64 (April 1, 2021): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2021.06405.
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A pesar de que las acciones físicas que los jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (BSR) deben realizar en los partidos son acciones que implican múltiples cambios de dirección y acciones de esprint y cambio de dirección repetidos, en la actualidad no existe ningún trabajo científico que analice la reproducibilidad de distintos test de capacidad de cambio de dirección, esprines y cambios de dirección repetidos. Diecisiete jugadores (15 hombres y 2 mujeres; 25,9±9,7 años) pertenecientes a un equipo de BSR de Primera División Española participaron en este estudio. En la primera semana (Test), en dos sesiones distintas, se realizaron 5 test [Test 3-3-6, Test 505, Test Illinois, Test de Esprines Repetidos (RSA) y el test repetido Modified Agility Test (rMAT)], y una semana después se volvieron a repetir (re-Test). Los resultados de los test de capacidad de cambio de dirección mostraron altos valores de reproducibilidad (CCI>0,74; CV<3,82±2,62%; SEM<0,33). En cuanto al RSA, la reproducibilidad tanto en la media de las repeticiones como del mejor intento fue alta (CCI>0,90; CV<3,85±3,59%; SEM<0,04). Con respecto al rMAT, la media y la mejor repetición mostraron también una reproducibilidad alta (CCI>0,94; CV<2,18±1,73%; SEM=0,27). Sin embargo, el índice de fatiga (Sdec) no mostró buenos valores de reproducibilidad ni en el RSA ni en el rMAT. Todos los test presentaron altos valores de reproducibilidad, por lo que podrían ser utilizados por los entrenadores y preparadores físicos como herramienta para evaluar la evolución de la capacidad física en jugadores de BSR.
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Narvaez, Iker, Javier Yanci, Ander Romarate, Ibai Garcia-Tabar, Estibaliz Romaratezabala, and Aitor Iturricastillo. "Reproducibilidad de diferentes test físicos en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas. [Reproducibility of different physical tests in wheelchair basketball players]." RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte 17, no. 64 (April 1, 2021): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2021.06404.
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A pesar de que las acciones físicas que los jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (BSR) deben realizar en los partidos son acciones que implican múltiples cambios de dirección y acciones de esprint y cambio de dirección repetidos, en la actualidad no existe ningún trabajo científico que analice la reproducibilidad de distintos test de capacidad de cambio de dirección, esprines y cambios de dirección repetidos. Diecisiete jugadores (15 hombres y 2 mujeres; 25,9±9,7 años) pertenecientes a un equipo de BSR de Primera División Española participaron en este estudio. En la primera semana (Test), en dos sesiones distintas, se realizaron 5 test [Test 3-3-6, Test 505, Test Illinois, Test de Esprines Repetidos (RSA) y el test repetido Modified Agility Test (rMAT)], y una semana después se volvieron a repetir (re-Test). Los resultados de los test de capacidad de cambio de dirección mostraron altos valores de reproducibilidad (CCI>0,74; CV<3,82±2,62%; SEM<0,33). En cuanto al RSA, la reproducibilidad tanto en la media de las repeticiones como del mejor intento fue alta (CCI>0,90; CV<3,85±3,59%; SEM<0,04). Con respecto al rMAT, la media y la mejor repetición mostraron también una reproducibilidad alta (CCI>0,94; CV<2,18±1,73%; SEM=0,27). Sin embargo, el índice de fatiga (Sdec) no mostró buenos valores de reproducibilidad ni en el RSA ni en el rMAT. Todos los test presentaron altos valores de reproducibilidad, por lo que podrían ser utilizados por los entrenadores y preparadores físicos como herramienta para evaluar la evolución de la capacidad física en jugadores de BSR.
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Carli, P., N. Poirot, S. Travers, A. Szmania, A. Puidupin, T. Vaugeois, A. Carli, J. S. Marx, and C. Télion. "Réponse Médicale aux Attentats Terroristes (RMAT) : formation courte pour les étudiants hospitaliers." Journal Européen des Urgences et de Réanimation 33, no. 2 (June 2021): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurea.2021.04.002.
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Poirot, N., S. Ramade, O. P. Miloche, J. P. Orsini, D. Marrache, P. Morand, and P. Carli. "Réponse médicale aux attentats terroristes (RMAT) sur le terrain : ce qu’il faut enseigner aux jeunes médecins." Journal Européen des Urgences et de Réanimation 33, no. 2 (June 2021): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurea.2021.05.004.
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Lee, Keum-Chan, Young-Sam Yoon, and Nam-Joo Lee. "Prediction of Water-Quality Enhancement Effects of Gates Operation in the West-Nakdong River Using RMA2/RMA4 Models." Journal of the Environmental Sciences 18, no. 9 (September 30, 2009): 971–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jes.2009.18.9.971.
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Branch, W. D., T. B. Brenneman, and J. P. Noe. "Evidence for a Second RKN Resistance Gene in Peanut." Peanut Science 43, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-43.1.49.
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ABSTRACT Root-knot nematode (RKN), [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] can result in highly significant yield losses in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. Fortunately, very high levels of RKN nematode resistance have been identified and incorporated from wild species into newly developed peanut cultivars. In 2011-12 at Tifton, GA, a field site was artificially inoculated with M. arenaria race 1. A susceptible cultivar was used to uniformly increase the peanut-specific race 1 nematode population during the summer and fall; whereas, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) was used for the same purpose each winter as a susceptible cover crop. During 2013 and 2014, space-planted F2 and F3 populations from cross combinations involving A. hypogaea susceptible × resistant parental lines derived from ‘COAN’ were evaluated, respectively. Several past inheritance studies had suggested a single dominant gene, Rma, controlled the resistance. However in this study, the occurrence of a second recessive gene (rma2) was also found to be involved in very high peanut RKN resistance. Inheritance data fit a 13:3 genetic model and confirmed an earlier report for two RKN-resistance genes (Rma1 and rma2) found in TxAG-6 and now COAN.
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Li, Lin Lu, Wen Rui Huang, Shu Guang Liu, Xiao Li Liu, Xin Yu Hu, and Fei Teng. "Two Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Pollutant Transport Modeling of Jiangyin-Xuliujing Reach of Yangtze Estuary." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.999.
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A 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model (RMA2 model) was applied to simulate currents and potential pollutant transport in Jiangyin-Xuliujing reach of Yangtze estuary. The result was compared and validated with a validated 3D model (Delft3D Model). The results indicate that the RMA2 model can achieve the requirements of reproducing and predicting the tidal flow and water levels. Based on RMA2 model simulations, a pollutant transport model (RMA4 model) was established to simulate the transport process of potential pollutant discharge from a sewage treatment plant for risk analysis. This linked hydrodynamic and pollutant transport model can provide the valuable scientific supports for future study of water quality in the Yangtze estuary.
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Hairston-Strang, Anne B., and Paul W. Adams. "Riparian Management Area Condition for Timber Harvests Conducted Before and After the 1994 Oregon Water Protection Rules." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/15.3.147.
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Abstract The 1994 Oregon Water Protection Rules introduced new and expanded requirements for streamside timber harvesting. Postharvest conditions in Riparian Management Areas (RMAs) were evaluated on 21 harvests throughout Oregon in 1995 and compared to results of 22 harvests from a study completed in 1993. Average conifer retention in these RMAs increased from 35% in 1993 to 75% in 1995, a desirable change for long-term supplies of large woody debris for fish habitat. Differences in distance from stream to harvest edge and percent of exposed mineral soil in the RMAs were not significant. Sites visited in 1995 averaged significantly more snags in RMAs than sites from the 1993 study, although snag diameters tended to be smaller, and greater numbers could be related to preharvest snag densities on sites. Although the RMA shade data were limited in this study, the 1994 Rules apparently provide at least as much shade as under the previous rules on most sites. West. J. Appl. For. 15(3):147-153.
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IVANOV, DENIS, and ALEXANDER SEMENOV. "TOPOLOGICAL APPROACH TO BLACKHOLES ANOMALY DETECTION IN DIRECTED NETWORKS." Computational nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2020-7-2-49-57.
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In this paper we consider the problem of finding a blackhole pattern in directed unweighted graphs. The problem statement is the same as in an original paper by scientists from University of New-Jersey published in 2010. The paper contributes to the special graph pattern matching, the work results can be used for anomaly detection in finances, natural disasters, urban analysis. This paper aims to propose a novel algorithm for blackhole mining, which would take into account inner structure of the “blackhole” pattern and utilize this knowledge for more efficient mining. This paper reviews previously published solutions and tests them on larger graphs containing up to 1 million of nodes. In particular, an iBlackhole algorithm and its Divide and Conquer modification iBlackholeDC are considered, their weak spots are highlighted and reviewed upon. Graph condensation is introduced as an efficient preprocessing for the problem. This paper provides theorems and definitions describing inner structure of the blackhole pattern. Based on the new theorems, a new approach to enumeration of candidates is introduced as well as rules and heuristics aiming for faster filtration of candidates: they utilize topological sorting of a graph and definition of a “special” node, which is also introduced in this paper. Special nodes properties are described. We propose a novel TopSortBH algorithm. It consists of the graph condensation, candidates enumeration and heuristics for candidates filtration. The algorithm is provided with modification called FastSkip, which allows for more aggressive filtering strategy in time-sensitive cases. All mentioned algorithms are implemented and tested on the IBM Power8 based system. Experimental results show efficiency of the condensation as graph preprocessing for the problem. Strong advantage in found blackholes count is demonstrated for TopSortBH in comparison to iBlackholeDC on RMAT, SSCA2 and UR graphs containing up to 1 million nodes.
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Matlani, Monika, Pramod Kumar, Shyam S. Meena, Mohan Vashistha, and Vinita Dogra. "Etiological Trends and Epidemiological Profile of Tropical Fever in Children Presenting with Acute Undifferentiated Fever at a Tertiary Care Centre in North India." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 41, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v41i1.29595.
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the etiology of acute undifferentiated fevers (AUF) in hospitalised children with in a tertiary care centre in North India. The various causes of acute undifferentiated fevers included dengue, malaria, scrub typhus, enteric fever, leptospirosis and Chikungunya. The clinical spectrum and therapeutic outcome of these cases was also studied.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted over a period of 6 months from June 2019 to December 2019. The clinical information of 126 children who tested positive for any of the causes of AUF namely dengue, malaria, scrub typhus, enteric fever, chikungunya and leptospirosis was obtained from the Paediatrics Department. The information was recorded in a predesigned proforma. Various tests performed for the diagnosis of these illnesses were noted. They included dengue NS1 antigen ELISA and IgM ELISA, peripheral blood smear (PBS) for malarial parasite and rapid malarial antigen detection test (RMAT), scrub typhus IgM ELISA, leptospira IgM ELISA, and Chikungunya IgM ELISA.
Results: The diagnosis of AUF were dengue (55.5%; 70/126), malaria (19%; 24/126) and scrub typhus (19%; 24/126), enteric fever (4.7%;6/126) and Chikungunya (1.5%; 2/126). The most common presenting symptom was fever or pyrexia followed by myalgia, generalised aches and pains in the body and vomiting. Commonly observed complications included thrombocytopenia, hepatitis and shock.
Conclusions: Dengue, malaria and scrub typhus are the major causes of AUF in the hospitalised children with dengue being the most prevalent infection. The study further emphasises the need to develop a systematic approach to the diagnosis of AUFs. This should be using a combination of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory parameters, which will be very useful for developing a relevant action plan for treatment and prevention of such fevers in any hospital setup.
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Gailloud, Philippe. "The Artery of von Haller." Neurosurgery 73, no. 6 (September 30, 2013): 1034–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000163.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Although recognized since the 18th century, radiculomedullary arteries (RMAs) originating from upper thoracic intersegmental arteries are generally considered to be inconstant branches of little clinical importance. Yet, such vessels are commonly observed during spinal angiography. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the angiographic prevalence of upper thoracic RMAs, in particular, branches supplying the anterior spinal artery (ASA). METHODS: Fifty spinal angiograms were reviewed. Anterior and posterior RMAs originating in the upper thoracic region (T3 to T7) were recorded. The level of origin of the artery of Adamkiewicz (T8 to L3) was also noted. RESULTS: Forty-three patients (86%) had at least 1 ASA contributor between T3 and T7. Of the other 7 patients, 4 had one at an immediately adjacent level (T2 or T8). The most frequent origin of upper thoracic anterior RMAs was left T5 (n = 10). Only left T9 (n = 12) and left T8 (n = 11) were more common. When combining the left and right sides, an ASA contributor was more frequent at T5 (n = 16) than at any other level (n = 15 for T9, n = 14 for T8). The sum of ASA contributors at T4 and T5 (n = 27) represented 54% of all upper thoracic anterior RMAs, and 23% of all anterior RMAs between T3 and L3. CONCLUSION: A significant upper thoracic anterior RMA distinct from the artery of Adamkiewicz appears to be a constant anatomic feature, which undermines the classic concept of an arterial watershed zone in the thoracic region. We propose to name this artery after Albrecht von Haller, who documented its existence in 1754.
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Vats, Hitender, and Ranjeet Singh Tomar. "RMAC." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 12, no. 2 (July 2021): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2021030105.
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One knows that smart transport is also an integrated part of healthcare technologies. To minimize the pollution for benefiting the healthcare, the traffic throughput on roundabout intersection has to be increased which will reduce wasted time and will also enhance passenger comfort. This paper presents a new approach by use of cooperative vehicular control utilizing VANET without compromising the safety of vehicles. This intersection side unit (ISU)-based system use lane change mechanism. The modular use of lane with lane change in newly designed protocol CARA (collision avoidance at roundabout algorithm) will greatly enhance the capacity utilization of roundabout. A new simulator ‘RoundSim' was also developed exclusively for simulation in roundabout. A new MAC protocol RMAC (roundabout MAC) is also designed which will suit the roundabout management utilizing lane change to minimize sudden jerk to passengers, thus enhancing healthcare of people. This RMAC utilizes message set with different prioritization scheme which results in better utilization of allotted frequency spectrum.
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Cho, Yong-Sik. "Improvement of Water Quality at Dongbin Harbor with Construction of an Inland Canal, Korea." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/721395.
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The behaviors of the water body of Dongbin Harbor located at Pohang City, Gyongpook Province, in Korea were numerically simulated in this study. A canal was planned to connect the harbor and the Hyeongsan River to improve water quality inside the harbor. The current system was first simulated by using a commercial program RMA2, with respect to both tidal currents and river flow. The progress inside the harbor from a supply of fresh water from the Hyeongsan River was then predicted by using RMA4. Both the present and future conditions (before and after construction of an inland canal) were taken into consideration in numerical simulations. It is concluded that the water quality inside the harbor can be improved considerably after construction of the canal.
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Halappanavar, Mahantesh, John Feo, Oreste Villa, Antonino Tumeo, and Alex Pothen. "Approximate weighted matching on emerging manycore and multithreaded architectures." International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 26, no. 4 (August 9, 2012): 413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342012452893.
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Graph matching is a prototypical combinatorial problem with many applications in high-performance scientific computing. Optimal algorithms for computing matchings are challenging to parallelize. Approximation algorithms are amenable to parallelization and are therefore important to compute matchings for large-scale problems. Approximation algorithms also generate nearly optimal solutions that are sufficient for many applications. In this paper we present multithreaded algorithms for computing half-approximate weighted matching on state-of-the-art multicore (Intel Nehalem and AMD Magny-Cours), manycore (Nvidia Tesla and Nvidia Fermi), and massively multithreaded (Cray XMT) platforms. We provide two implementations: the first uses shared work queues and is suited for all platforms; and the second implementation, based on dataflow principles, exploits special features available on the Cray XMT. Using a carefully chosen dataset that exhibits characteristics from a wide range of applications, we show scalable performance across different platforms. In particular, for one instance of the input, an R-MAT graph (RMAT-G), we show speedups of about [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] cores of an AMD Magny-Cours, [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] cores of Intel Nehalem, [Formula: see text] on Nvidia Tesla and [Formula: see text] on Nvidia Fermi relative to one core of Intel Nehalem, and [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] processors of Cray XMT. We demonstrate strong as well as weak scaling for graphs with up to a billion edges using up to 12,800 threads. We avoid excessive fine-tuning for each platform and retain the basic structure of the algorithm uniformly across platforms. An exception is the dataflow algorithm designed specifically for the Cray XMT. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first such large-scale study of the half-approximate weighted matching problem on multithreaded platforms. Driven by the critical enabling role of combinatorial algorithms such as matching in scientific computing and the emergence of informatics applications, there is a growing demand to support irregular computations on current and future computing platforms. In this context, we evaluate the capability of emerging multithreaded platforms to tolerate latency induced by irregular memory access patterns, and to support fine-grained parallelism via light-weight synchronization mechanisms. By contrasting the architectural features of these platforms against the Cray XMT, which is specifically designed to support irregular memory-intensive applications, we delineate the impact of these choices on performance.
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Wang, Jinkai, Yang Pan, Shihao Shen, Lan Lin, and Yi Xing. "rMATS-DVR: rMATS discovery of differential variants in RNA." Bioinformatics 33, no. 14 (March 11, 2017): 2216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx128.
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Figueiredo Camargo, Fábio. "Lady Hamilton: ficção e controle social." Cadernos de Gênero e Tecnologia 7, no. 27/28 (December 1, 2013): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3895/cgh.v7n27/28.6106.
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Em Homossexualismo masculino, publicado em 1953, Jorge Jaime apresenta um diário denominado Lady Hamilton. O livro é uma tese apresentada em 1947 para a cadeira de Medicina Legal na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade do Brasil. Lady Hamilton, que o autor a rma não ser escrito por ele, é o diário de um personagem homoerótico. Nessa cção de ordem médico-legal se estabelece o modo como um sujeito homoerótico não pode ou não deve se comportar, tomando a literatura como espelho da sociedade. A partir de questões como “autobiogra a”, de Philippe Lejeune e de “escritas de si”, de Michel Foucault, pretende-se analisar Lady Hamilton em seu jogo de a rmar-se enquanto cção e ser produzido para o controle social do homossexualismo. Nesse jogo, o literário parece escapar à mera conformação a uma ideologia heteronormativa.
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Figueiredo Camargo, Fábio. "Lady Hamilton: ficção e controle social." Cadernos de Gênero e Tecnologia 7, no. 27/28 (December 1, 2013): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3895/cgt.v7n27/28.6106.
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Em Homossexualismo masculino, publicado em 1953, Jorge Jaime apresenta um diário denominado Lady Hamilton. O livro é uma tese apresentada em 1947 para a cadeira de Medicina Legal na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade do Brasil. Lady Hamilton, que o autor a rma não ser escrito por ele, é o diário de um personagem homoerótico. Nessa cção de ordem médico-legal se estabelece o modo como um sujeito homoerótico não pode ou não deve se comportar, tomando a literatura como espelho da sociedade. A partir de questões como “autobiogra a”, de Philippe Lejeune e de “escritas de si”, de Michel Foucault, pretende-se analisar Lady Hamilton em seu jogo de a rmar-se enquanto cção e ser produzido para o controle social do homossexualismo. Nesse jogo, o literário parece escapar à mera conformação a uma ideologia heteronormativa.
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Lorber, Azriel. "Technology-Driven Revolutions in Military Affairs." Vulcan 8, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134603-08010001.
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Abstract The term Revolutions in Military Affair (rma) was originally coined by the Soviets realizing that the US planned to utilize electronics and computers to improve both its weapons and battle management. Other such revolutions were caused by the emergence of aircraft, submarines, mechanized warfare, precision-guided munitions (pgms), unmanned vehicles and Net-Centric-Warfare. Beside its effect on fighting, military technology also affects the public and its leadership. Several technological developments, such as rockets and drones, cyberwarfare, and homemade explosives and chemical and biological weapons, are already changing current concepts and conduct of warfare through their direct effect on warfighting and by their potential effect on the public and its leadership. Consequently, rmas should be analyzed in terms of the linkages between the rear, where chaos can be created, and the front, where the armed forces typically operate.
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KAWASAKI, Seiji, Nobutaka UMEKITA, Kensho SANJO, and Yasuo IDEZUKI. "Reevaluation of ICG rmax." Kanzo 27, no. 2 (1986): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.27.182.
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Sullivan, John, and Alan Silver. "The RMIT Wuhan Project." Higher Education Policy 10, no. 2 (June 1997): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-8733(97)00007-x.
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Gutierrez, Belen, Jose A. Escudero, Alvaro San Millan, Laura Hidalgo, Laura Carrilero, Cristina M. Ovejero, Alfonso Santos-Lopez, Daniel Thomas-Lopez, and Bruno Gonzalez-Zorn. "Fitness Cost and Interference of Arm/Rmt Aminoglycoside Resistance with the RsmF Housekeeping Methyltransferases." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 5 (February 13, 2012): 2335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.06066-11.
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ABSTRACTArm/Rmt methyltransferases have emerged recently in pathogenic bacteria as enzymes that confer high-level resistance to 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides through methylation of the G1405 residue in the 16S rRNA (like ArmA and RmtA to -E). In prokaryotes, nucleotide methylations are the most common type of rRNA modification, and they are introduced posttranscriptionally by a variety of site-specific housekeeping enzymes to optimize ribosomal function. Here we show that while the aminoglycoside resistance methyltransferase RmtC methylates G1405, it impedes methylation of the housekeeping methyltransferase RsmF at position C1407, a nucleotide that, like G1405, forms part of the aminoglycoside binding pocket of the 16S rRNA. To understand the origin and consequences of this phenomenon, we constructed a series of in-frame knockout and knock-in mutants ofEscherichia coli, corresponding to the genotypesrsmF+, ΔrsmF,rsmF+rmtC+, and ΔrsmF rmtC+. When analyzed for the antimicrobial resistance pattern, the ΔrsmFbacteria had a decreased susceptibility to aminoglycosides, including 4,6- and 4,5-deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides, showing that the housekeeping methylation at C1407 is involved in intrinsic aminoglycoside susceptibility inE. coli. Competition experiments between the isogenicE. colistrains showed that, contrary to expectation, acquisition ofrmtCdoes not entail a fitness cost for the bacterium. Finally, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry allowed us to determine that RmtC methylates the G1405 residue not only in presence but also in the absence of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Thus, the coupling between housekeeping and acquired methyltransferases subverts the methylation architecture of the 16S rRNA but elicits Arm/Rmt methyltransferases to be selected and retained, posing an important threat to the usefulness of aminoglycosides worldwide.
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Koo, Se Jun, Ye Jin Kim, Jung Hwa Han, Eunchong Seo, Hye Yoon Park, Minji Bang, Jin Young Park, Eun Lee, and Suk Kyoon An. "“Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test”: Translated and Korean Versions." Psychiatry Investigation 18, no. 4 (April 25, 2021): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0289.
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Objective The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) was developed by using Caucasian eyes, which may not be appropriate to be used in Korean. The aims of the present study were 1) to develop a Korean version of the RMET (K-RMET) by using Korean eye stimuli and 2) to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean-translated version of the RMET and the K-RMET.Methods Thirty-six photographs of Korean eyes were selected. A total of 196 (101 females) healthy subjects were asked to take the Korean-translated version of the RMET and K-RMET. To assess internal consistency reliability, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were computed, and test–retest reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item analysis were also conducted.Results Internal consistency, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.542 for the Korean-translated version of the RMET, and 0.540 for the K-RMET. Test–retest reliability (n=25), measured by the ICC, was 0.787 for the Korean-translated version of the RMET, and 0.758 for the K-RMET. In CFA, the assumed single and 3-factor model fit indices were not good in the both types of RMETs. There was difficulty in discrimination in nine items of the Korean-translated version of the RMET and 10 items of the K-RMET.Conclusion The psychometric properties of both the Korean-translated version of the RMET and the K-RMET are acceptable. Both tests are applicable to the clinical population, as well as the general population in Korea.
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Yamane, Kunikazu, Yohei Doi, Keiko Yokoyama, Tetsuya Yagi, Hiroshi Kurokawa, Naohiro Shibata, Keigo Shibayama, Haru Kato, and Yoshichika Arakawa. "Genetic Environments of the rmtA Gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 6 (June 2004): 2069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.6.2069-2074.2004.
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ABSTRACT Nine Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains showing very high levels of resistance to various aminoglycosides have been isolated from clinical specimens in seven separate Japanese hospitals in five prefectures since 1997. These strains harbor the newly identified 16S rRNA methylase gene (rmtA). When an rmtA gene probe was hybridized with genomic DNAs of the nine strains digested with EcoRI, two distinct patterns were observed. The 11.1- and 15.8-kb regions containing the rmtA genes of strains AR-2 and AR-11, respectively, were sequenced and compared. In strain AR-2, a transposase gene-like sequence (sequence 1) and a probable tRNA ribosyltransferase gene (orfA) were located upstream of rmtA, and a Na+/H+ antiporter gene-like sequence (sequence 2) was identified downstream of rmtA. This 6.2-kbp insert (the rmtA locus) was flanked by 262-bp κγ elements. Part of the orfQ gene adjacent to an inverted repeat was found outside of the rmtA locus. In strain AR-11, the rmtA gene and sequence 2 were found, but the 5′ end of the orfA gene was truncated and replaced with IS6100. An orfQ-orfI region was present on each side of the rmtA gene in strain AR-11. The G+C content of the rmtA gene was about 55%, and since the newly identified rmtA gene may well be mediated by some mobile genetic elements such as Tn5041, further dissemination of the rmtA gene could become an actual clinical problem in the near future.
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Lu, Xiaoteng, Chen Shao, Yuhe Yu, Alan Warren, and Jie Huang. "Reconsideration of the ‘well-known’ hypotrichous ciliate Pleurotricha curdsi (Shi et al., 2002) Gupta et al., 2003 (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida), with notes on its morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_9 (September 1, 2015): 3216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000377.
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The oxytrichid species Pleurotricha curdsi (Shi et al., 2002) Gupta et al., 2003, isolated from a tributary of the Yangtze River in the Mudong district of Chongqing, southern China, was reinvestigated with emphasis on its morphology, morphogenesis and small-subunit (SSU) rDNA-based phylogeny. Compared with three previously described populations, the Mudong population of P. curdsi is characterized by its large body size, 170–295 × 65–110 μm in vivo, and by having a variable number of right marginal rows, either two or three. Likewise, the number of right marginal rows anlagen (RMA) is also variable, i.e. usually two, but sometimes several small extra anlagen that give rise to the formation of the third row, are present to the left of the RMAs. We posit that the Mudong population is an intermediate form between the three previously described populations. Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSU rDNA sequence data show that all populations of P. curdsi cluster with the type species of the genus, Pleurotricha lanceolata, in a clade nested within the Oxytrichidae.
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Matsuda, N., T. Suzuki, K. Tanaka, and A. Nakano. "Rma1, a novel type of RING finger protein conserved from Arabidopsis to human, is a membrane-bound ubiquitin ligase." Journal of Cell Science 114, no. 10 (May 15, 2001): 1949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.10.1949.
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Rma1 is a protein with a RING finger motif and a C-terminal membrane-anchoring domain and is well conserved among higher eukaryotes. We show that fusion proteins between maltose binding protein (MBP) and human or Arabidopsis Rma1 are polyubiquitinated, when incubated with the rabbit reticulocyte or the wheat germ lysate, respectively. The polyubiquitination of MBP-Rma1 has been reconstituted by incubation with purified ubiquitin, the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, and one of the two ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzymes (Ubc4 or UbcH5a). Other E2 enzymes tested, E2-20k, E2-25k, Ubc3 and Ubc8, are not able to confer this modification. Mutational analysis shows that the RING finger motif of Rma1 is necessary for the auto-ubiquitination of MBP-Rma1. Thus, Rma1 represents a novel, membrane-bound type of ubiquitin ligase E3, which probably functions with the Ubc4/5 subfamily of E2. The MBP moiety but not Rma1 itself is ubiquitinated in the auto-ubiquitination reaction of MBP-Rma1. Free MBP in solution is not a substrate of Rma1. These observations indicate that bringing the substrate into its physical vicinity is very important for the action of ubiquitin ligase.
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Stone, Micheal, Bommanna G. Krishnappan, Uldis Silins, Monica B. Emelko, Chris H. S. Williams, Adrian L. Collins, and Sheena A. Spencer. "A New Framework for Modelling Fine Sediment Transport in Rivers Includes Flocculation to Inform Reservoir Management in Wildfire Impacted Watersheds." Water 13, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 2319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172319.
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Fine-grained cohesive sediment is the primary vector for nutrient and contaminant redistribution through aquatic systems and is a critical indicator of land disturbance. A critical limitation of most existing sediment transport models is that they assume that the transport characteristics of fine sediment can be described using the same approaches that are used for coarse-grained non-cohesive sediment, thereby ignoring the tendency of fine sediment to flocculate. Here, a modelling framework to simulate flow and fine sediment transport in the Crowsnest River, the Castle River, the Oldman River and the Oldman Reservoir after the 2003 Lost Creek wildfire in Alberta, Canada was developed and validated. It is the first to include explicit description of fine sediment deposition/erosion processes as a function of bed shear stress and the flocculation process. This framework integrates four existing numerical models: MOBED, RIVFLOC, RMA2 and RMA4 using river geometry, flow, fine suspended sediment characteristics and bathymetry data. Sediment concentration and particle size distributions computed by RIVFLOC were used as the upstream boundary condition for the reservoir dispersion model RMA4. The predicted particle size distributions and mass of fine river sediment deposited within various sections of the reservoir indicate that most of the fine sediment generated by the upstream disturbance deposits in the reservoir. Deposition patterns of sediment from wildfire-impacted landscapes were different than those from unburned landscapes because of differences in settling behaviour. These differences may lead to zones of relatively increased internal loading of phosphorus to reservoir water columns, thereby increasing the potential for algae proliferation. In light of the growing threats to water resources globally from wildfire, the generic framework described herein can be used to model propagation of fine river sediment and associated nutrients or contaminants to reservoirs under different flow conditions and land use scenarios. The framework is thereby a valuable tool to support decision making for water resources management and catchment planning.
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Yusof, Ismail bin, and Abd Rahman Abdul Rahim. "Aircraft Acquisition Conceptual Framework." Asian Social Science 13, no. 4 (March 24, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n4p37.
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The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) has faced difficulties in achieving and sustaining at least 70% of its aircraft availability (Av) in order to support its operational requirements. The head start for this research is to discuss with a focus group (FG) which comprise of eight officers and one moderator and supported by observation on the field. The FG highlighted that the low Av was due to the ineffectiveness and inefficiency of the through life cycle support (TLCS) as a result of weaknesses in the acquisition conceptual framework (ACF). Three research questions were put forward; Q1: Why has the RMAF not achieved its aircraft Av as its desired objectives? Q2: How do the RMAF’s present acquisition practices given a significant impact to Av? And Q3: What is the recommended ACF to be used to ensure higher aircraft Av? The mix mode method (quantitative and qualitative) data collection was used. The literature review focused on critical success factors (CSFs) in terms of acquisition, terms and definition, and present practices in the Royal Malaysian Army (RMA), the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN), the Malaysian public sector, the Department of Defence of the United States of America (DoD USA), the Ministry of Defence of United Kingdom (MoD UK) and the Australian Defence Force (ADF). Based on the CSFs from the literature review, a preliminary ACF I was developed. The RMAF case study had focused on Type A, Type B, Type C and Type D aircraft. Data on aircraft status for FY 2011 to 2015 was gathered from the Air Support Command Headquarters (ASHQ). The survey was achieved through 16 self-administered structured questionnaires which are close-ended involving 120 out of 150 respondents from the Worker Group (WG). The interviewer collected qualitative data using 21 semi-structured questionnaires with open-ended answers on 20 respondents from the Management Group (MG). The survey and interview results were presented in a matrix table and categorized in accordance with themes and their relationships. Based on the results of the case study, the preliminary ACF I was modified to ACF II. Then, ACF II was validated by four experts who comprise of two senior officers and two senior managers from the aviation industry. After validation, the ACF II was modified to ACF III (final) and was proposed for implementation. Three project objectives were put forward. Objective 1: To identify the cause of low Av.
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Valcárcel, Luis V., Verónica Torrano, Luis Tobalina, Arkaitz Carracedo, and Francisco J. Planes. "rMTA: robust metabolic transformation analysis." Bioinformatics 35, no. 21 (March 28, 2019): 4350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz231.
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Abstract Motivation The development of computational tools exploiting -omics data and high-quality genome-scale metabolic networks for the identification of novel drug targets is a relevant topic in Systems Medicine. Metabolic Transformation Algorithm (MTA) is one of these tools, which aims to identify targets that transform a disease metabolic state back into a healthy state, with potential application in any disease where a clear metabolic alteration is observed. Results Here, we present a robust extension to MTA (rMTA), which additionally incorporates a worst-case scenario analysis and minimization of metabolic adjustment to evaluate the beneficial effect of gene knockouts. We show that rMTA complements MTA in the different datasets analyzed (gene knockout perturbations in different organisms, Alzheimer’s disease and prostate cancer), bringing a more accurate tool for predicting therapeutic targets. Availability and implementation rMTA is freely available on The Cobra Toolbox: https://opencobra.github.io/cobratoolbox/latest/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Brereton, Joel P. "Dh�rman In The Rgveda." Journal of Indian Philosophy 32, no. 5-6 (December 2004): 449–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-004-8631-8.
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Kim, Seo Woo, Sun-Young Moon, Wu Jeong Hwang, Silvia Kyungjin Lho, Sanghoon Oh, Tae Young Lee, Minah Kim, and Jun Soo Kwon. "Impaired Performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test in First-Episode Psychosis and Clinical High Risk for Psychosis." Psychiatry Investigation 17, no. 12 (December 25, 2020): 1200–1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0264.
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Objective Although previous studies have reported impaired performance in the reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET), which measures complex emotion recognition abilities, in patients with schizophrenia, reports regarding individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have been inconsistent, mainly due to the interacting confounding effects of general cognitive abilities and age. We compared RMET performances across first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, CHR individuals, and healthy controls (HCs) while controlling for the effects of both general cognitive abilities and age.Methods A total of 25 FEP, 41 CHR, and 44 HC subjects matched for age participated in this study. RMET performance scores were compared across the groups using analysis of variance with sex and intelligence quotient as covariates. Exploratory Pearson’s correlation analyses were performed to reveal the potential relationships of RMET scores with clinical symptom severity in the FEP and CHR groups.Results RMET performance scores were significantly lower among FEP and CHR participants than among HCs. FEP patients and CHR subjects showed comparable RMET performance scores. RMET scores were negatively correlated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive symptom subscale scores in the FEP patients. No significant correlation was identified between RMET scores and other clinical scale scores.Conclusion Impaired RMET performance is present from the risk stage of psychosis, which might be related to positive symptom severity in early psychosis. Longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm the stability of complex emotion recognition impairments and their relationship with social functioning in early psychosis patients.
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Kondo, Maiko, Matthew Simon, Esther Babady, Angela Loo, and David Calfee. "Implementation of Rapid Molecular Diagnostic Tests and Antimicrobial Stewardship Involvement in Acute-Care Hospitals." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s278—s279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.847.
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Background: In recent years, several rapid molecular diagnostic tests (RMDTs) for infectious diseases diagnostics, such as bloodstream infections (BSIs), have become available for clinical use. The extent to which RMDTs have been adopted and how the results of these tests have been incorporated into clinical care are currently unknown. Methods: We surveyed members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Research Network to characterize utilization of RMDT in hospitals and antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) involvement in result communication and interpretation. The survey was administered using Qualtrics software, and data were analyzed using Stata and Excel software. Results: Overall, 57 responses were received (response rate, 59%), and 72% were from academic hospitals; 50 hospitals (88%) used at least 1 RMDT for BSI (Fig. 1). The factors most commonly reported to have been important in the decision to adopt RMDT were improvements in antimicrobial usage (82%), clinical outcomes (74%), and laboratory efficiency (52%). Among 7 hospitals that did not use RMDT for BSI, the most common reason was cost of new technology. In 50 hospitals with RMDT for BSI, 54% provided written guidelines for optimization or de-escalation of antimicrobials based upon RMDT results. In 40 hospitals (80%), microbiology laboratories directly notified a healthcare worker of the RMDT results: 70% provided results to a physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant; 48% to the ASP team; and 33% to a nurse. Furthermore, 11 hospitals (22%) had neither guidelines nor ASP intervention. In addition, 24 hospitals (48%) reported performing postimplementation evaluation of RMDT impact. Reported findings included reduction in time to antibiotic de-escalation (75%), reduction in length of stay (25%), improved laboratory efficiency (20%), and reduction in mortality and overall costs (12%). Among the 47 hospitals with both RMDT and ASP, 79% reported that the ASP team routinely reviewed blood culture RMDT results, and 53.2% used clinical decision support software to do so. Finally, 53 hospitals (93%) used 1 or more RMDT for non–bloodstream infections (Fig. 1). Fewer than half of hospitals provided written guidelines to assist clinicians in interpreting these RMDT results. Conclusions: RMDTs have been widely adopted by participating hospitals and are associated with positive self-reported clinical, logistic, and financial outcomes. However, nearly 1 in 4 hospitals did not have guidelines or ASP interventions to assist clinicians with optimization of antimicrobial prescribing based on RMDT results for BSI. Also, most hospitals did not have guidelines for RMDT results for non-BSI. These findings suggest that opportunities exist to further enhance the potential benefits of RMDT.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Takagi, Hiroshi, and Wenjie Wu. "Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the western North Pacific." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2016): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-705-2016.
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Abstract. Even though the maximum wind radius (Rmax) is an important parameter in determining the intensity and size of tropical cyclones, it has been overlooked in previous storm surge studies. This study reviews the existing estimation methods for Rmax based on central pressure or maximum wind speed. These over- or underestimate Rmax because of substantial variations in the data, although an average radius can be estimated with moderate accuracy. As an alternative, we propose an Rmax estimation method based on the radius of the 50 kt wind (R50). Data obtained by a meteorological station network in the Japanese archipelago during the passage of strong typhoons, together with the JMA typhoon best track data for 1990–2013, enabled us to derive the following simple equation, Rmax = 0.23 R50. Application to a recent strong typhoon, the 2015 Typhoon Goni, confirms that the equation provides a good estimation of Rmax, particularly when the central pressure became considerably low. Although this new method substantially improves the estimation of Rmax compared to the existing models, estimation errors are unavoidable because of fundamental uncertainties regarding the typhoon's structure or insufficient number of available typhoon data. In fact, a numerical simulation for the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan as well as 2015 Typhoon Goni demonstrates a substantial difference in the storm surge height for different Rmax. Therefore, the variability of Rmax should be taken into account in storm surge simulations (e.g., Rmax = 0.15 R50–0.35 R50), independently of the model used, to minimize the risk of over- or underestimating storm surges. The proposed method is expected to increase the predictability of major storm surges and to contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in the western North Pacific, including countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Vietnam.
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Adegbola, Abidemi A., Gerald F. Cox, Elizabeth M. Bradshaw, David A. Hafler, Alexander Gimelbrant, and Andrew Chess. "Monoallelic expression of the human FOXP2 speech gene." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 22 (November 24, 2014): 6848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411270111.
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The recent descriptions of widespread random monoallelic expression (RMAE) of genes distributed throughout the autosomal genome indicate that there are more genes subject to RMAE on autosomes than the number of genes on the X chromosome where X-inactivation dictates RMAE of X-linked genes. Several of the autosomal genes that undergo RMAE have independently been implicated in human Mendelian disorders. Thus, parsing the relationship between allele-specific expression of these genes and disease is of interest. Mutations in the human forkhead box P2 gene, FOXP2, cause developmental verbal dyspraxia with profound speech and language deficits. Here, we show that the human FOXP2 gene undergoes RMAE. Studying an individual with developmental verbal dyspraxia, we identify a deletion 3 Mb away from the FOXP2 gene, which impacts FOXP2 gene expression in cis. Together these data suggest the intriguing possibility that RMAE impacts the haploinsufficiency phenotypes observed for FOXP2 mutations.
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Dodell-Feder, David, Kerry J. Ressler, and Laura T. Germine. "Social cognition or social class and culture? On the interpretation of differences in social cognitive performance." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171800404x.
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AbstractBackgroundThe ability to understand others’ mental states carries profound consequences for mental and physical health, making efforts at validly and reliably assessing mental state understanding (MSU) of utmost importance. However, the most widely used and current NIMH-recommended task for assessing MSU – the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (RMET) – suffers from potential assessment issues, including reliance on a participant's vocabulary/intelligence and the use of culturally biased stimuli. Here, we evaluate the impact of demographic and sociocultural factors (age, gender, education, ethnicity, race) on the RMET and other social and non-social cognitive tasks in an effort to determine the extent to which the RMET may be unduly influenced by participant characteristics.MethodsIn total, 40 248 international, native-/primarily English-speaking participants between the ages of 10 and 70 completed one of five measures on TestMyBrain.org: RMET, a shortened version of RMET, a multiracial emotion identification task, an emotion discrimination task, and a non-social/non-verbal processing speed task (digit symbol matching).ResultsContrary to other tasks, performance on the RMET increased across the lifespan. Education, race, and ethnicity explained more variance in RMET performance than the other tasks, and differences between levels of education, race, and ethnicity were more pronounced for the RMET than the other tasks such that more highly educated, non-Hispanic, and White/Caucasian individuals performed best.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the RMET may be unduly influenced by social class and culture, posing a serious challenge to assessing MSU in clinical populations given shared variance between social status and psychiatric illness.
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Ueda, Yoshihiro, Toru Takakura, Seiichi Ota, Satoshi Kito, Koji Sasaki, Hidetoshi Shimizu, Daisaku Tatsumi, Shinsuke Yano, and Mitsuhiro Nakamura. "Questionnaire survey on treatment planning techniques for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy in Japan." Journal of Radiation Research 61, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrz081.
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ABSTRACT This study aimed to obtain details regarding treatment planning techniques for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) employed at each institution in Japan by using a questionnaire survey. An Internet questionnaire survey on SBRT procedures performed in 2016 was conducted by the QA/QC committee of the Japan Society of Medical Physics from April to June 2017. The questionnaire assessed two aspects: the environment for SBRT at each institution and the treatment planning techniques with and without respiratory motion management techniques (RMMT). Of the 309 evaluated responses, 218 institutions had performed SBRT. A total of 186 institutions performed SBRT without RMMT and 139 institutions performed SBRT with RMMT. When respiratory motion was ≥10 mm, 69 institutions applied RMMT. The leading RMMT were breath holding (77 institutions), respiratory gating (49 institutions) and real-time tumor tracking (11 institutions). The most frequently used irradiation technique was 3D conformal radiotherapy, which was used in 145 institutions without RMMT and 119 institutions with RMMT. Computed tomography (CT) images acquired under free breathing were mostly used for dose calculation for patients treated without RMMT. The usage ratio of IMRT/VMAT to SBRT is low in Japan, compared to elsewhere in the world (<20% vs ≥70%). Among the available dose calculation algorithms, superposition convolution was the most frequently used regardless of RMMT; however, 2% of institutions have not yet made heterogeneity corrections. In the prescription setting, about half of the institutions applied point prescriptions. The survey results revealed the most frequently used conditions, which may facilitate standardization of treatment techniques in lung SBRT.
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Song, Sung-Yong, Hwa-Sung Ryu, Sang-Heon Shin, Deuck-Mo Kim, and Won-Jun Park. "Properties of Ready Mixed Acrylic Paste for Exterior Insulation Using Pozzolanic Materials and Atomizing Slag." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (December 16, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1642787.
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Ready mixed acrylic paste (RMAP) is a material used in exterior insulation systems of buildings; it consists of liquids and aggregates. However, it is considerably difficult to use an admixture to control the physical properties of the RMAP owing to problems associated with strength and workability. Thus, to improve the properties of RMAP, this study evaluates the properties of a mortar produced with RMAP as well as pozzolanic materials and atomizing slag, which is a by-product from the steelmaking industry. It was observed that if the density difference is large, a liquid RMAP may experience segregation. Through our experiments, we confirm that segregation resistance could be achieved even at 20% atomizing slag, which has a high density, by increasing the viscosity by approximately 1000 cP through the use of 10% fly ash and 3% metakaolin in the RMAP. Despite the increase in viscosity with the addition of the atomizing slag, the flow of the RMAP increased from 160 to 175 mm due to the spherical particle shape of the slag; in addition, the strength and water absorption coefficient also improved. In particular, the adhesion tension increased from 1.8 N/mm2 to 2.4 N/mm2 or higher.
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Verbitsky, Oleg. "On the Hardness of Approximating Some Optimization Problems That Are Supposedly Easier Than MAX CLIQUE." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 4, no. 2 (June 1995): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548300001553.
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We focus our attention on the class RMAX(2) of NP optimization problems. Owing to recent developments in interactive proof techniques, RMAX(2) was shown to be the lowest class of logical classification that contains problems hard to approximate. Namely, the RMAX(2)-complete problem MAX CLIQUE (of finding the size of the largest clique in a graph) is not approximable in polynomial time within any constant factor unless NP=P.We are interested in problems inside RMAX(2) that are not known to be complete but are still hard to approximate. We point out that one such problem is MAXlog n, n, considered by Berman and Schnitger: given m conjunctions, each of them consisting of log m propositional variables or their negations, find the maximal number of simultaneously satisfiable conjunctions. We also obtain the approximation hardness results for some other problems in RMAX(2). Finally, we discuss the question of whether or not the problems under consideration are RMAX(2)-complete.
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Takagi, H., and W. Wu. "Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the Western North Pacific." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 10 (October 27, 2015): 6431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-6431-2015.
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Abstract. Even though the maximum wind radius (Rmax) is an important parameter in determining the intensity and size of tropical cyclones, it has been overlooked in previous storm surge studies. This research reviewed the existing estimation methods of Rmax based on the central pressure or maximum wind speed. These over or underestimated Rmax because of the substantial variety of the data, though an average radius could be moderately estimated. Alternatively, we proposed an Rmax estimation method based on the radius of the 50 knot wind (R50). The data obtained during the passage of strong typhoons by a meteorological station network in the Japanese archipelago enabled us to derive the following formula, Rmax = 0.23R50. Although this new method substantially improved the estimation of Rmax compared to the existing models, an estimation error was unavoidable because of fundamental uncertainties regarding the typhoon's structure or insufficient number of available typhoon data. In fact, a numerical simulation from 2013 Typhoon Haiyan demonstrated a substantial difference in the storm surge height for different Rmax. Therefore, the variability of Rmax should be taken into account in storm surge simulations, independently of the model used, to minimize the risk of over or underestimation of storm surges. The proposed method is expected to increase the reliability of storm surge prediction and contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in the Western North Pacific, including countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Vietnam.
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Seo, Eunchong, Se Jun Koo, Ye Jin Kim, Jee Eun Min, Hye Yoon Park, Minji Bang, Eun Lee, and Suk Kyoon An. "Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test: Relationship with Neurocognition and Facial Emotion Recognition in Non-Clinical Youths." Psychiatry Investigation 17, no. 8 (August 25, 2020): 835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.0281.
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Objective The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) is a common measure of the Theory of Mind. Previous studies found a correlation between RMET performance and neurocognition, especially reasoning by analogy; however, the nature of this relationship remains unclear. Additionally, neurocognition was shown to play a significant role in facial emotion recognition. This study is planned to examine the nature of relationship between neurocognition and RMET performance, as well as the mediating role of facial emotion recognition.Methods One hundred fifty non-clinical youths performed the RMET. Reasoning by analogy was tested by Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) and facial emotion recognition was assessed by the Korean Facial Expressions of Emotion (KOFEE) test. The percentile bootstrap method was used to calculate the parameters of the mediating effects of facial emotion recognition on the relationship between SPM and RMET scores.Results SPM scores and KOFEE scores were both statistically significant predictors of RMET scores. KOFEE scores were found to partially mediate the impact of SPM scores on RMET scores.Conclusion These findings suggested that facial emotion recognition partially mediated the relationship between reasoning by analogy and social cognition. This study highlights the need for further research for individuals with serious mental illnesses.
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K.H. Hon, Carol, Jimmie Hinze, and Albert P.C. Chan. "Safety climate and injury occurrence of repair, maintenance, minor alteration and addition works." Facilities 32, no. 5/6 (April 1, 2014): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-09-2011-0066.
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Purpose – The repair, maintenance, minor alteration and addition (RMAA) sector has been expanding in many developed cities. Safety problems of the RMAA sector have attracted the attention of many governments. This study has the objectives of comparing the level of safety climate of workers, supervisors and managers in the RMAA sector; and explaining/predicting the impact of safety climate on injury occurrence of workers, supervisors and managers. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was administered to RMAA contracting companies in Hong Kong. Findings – When comparing the safety climate perception of workers, supervisors and managers in the RMAA sector, the supervisors group had the lowest mean safety climate score. Results showed that a positive workforce safety attitude and acceptance of safety rules and regulations reduced the workers' likelihood of having injuries. A reasonable production schedule led to a lower probability of supervisors being injured. Management commitment and effective safety management reduced the probability of managers being injured. Originality/value – This study revealed variations of safety climate at the different levels in the organizational hierarchy and their varying influence on safety performance of the RMAA sector. Safety of RMAA works could be improved by promulgating specific safety measures at the different hierarchy levels.
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Sandomirski, S. G. "Dependence of the Correlation Coefficient Between the Results of a Parameter Measurement and Its True Values on the Reduced Measurement Error." Devices and Methods of Measurements 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-1-90-98.
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Magnetic testing of steels' mechanical properties is based on their correlation with steels' magnetic parameters. The purpose of this work was to establish dependence of the attainable correlation coefficient Rmax between measurement results and the parameter values a on the reduced error of its measurement. The article proposes a model of the correlation field between the parameter true values and the results of its measurement with a given reduced error δ. The merits and legitimacy of using the model for estimation of the achievable correlation coefficient Rmax are substantiated. Analysis of influence of δ parameter measurement in different ranges d of its change on Rmax is carried out. Results are compared with the previous analysis for the relative measurement error. It has been established in this work that the coefficient Rmax calculated for the reduced measurement error is always smaller than Rmax one calculated for the relative measurement error. However in the practically important range of variation of d with δ ≤ 0.05 the difference between the Rmax values calculated for the reduced and relative measurement errors is not large. This allows us to use the developed formula for the dependence Rmax = Rmax (δ, d) at Rmax ≥ 0.8 for both relative and reduced measurement errors δ. The obtained result allows us using the reduced measurement error of a metrologically certified measuring instrument to obtain the maximum attainable correlation coefficient between the true values and the results of measuring a parameter in a given range of its change without measurements. As an example, we define the conditions for the non-destructive testing of steels under which one can use measuring of magnetic parameters with the installation certified based on the reduced measurement error.
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Pardo, Sebastián A., Holly K. Kindsvater, John D. Reynolds, and Nicholas K. Dulvy. "Maximum intrinsic rate of population increase in sharks, rays, and chimaeras: the importance of survival to maturity." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 8 (August 2016): 1159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0069.
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The maximum intrinsic rate of population increase (rmax) is a commonly estimated demographic parameter used in assessments of extinction risk. In teleosts, rmax can be calculated using an estimate of spawners per spawner, but for chondrichthyans, most studies have used annual reproductive output (b) instead. This is problematic as it effectively assumes all juveniles survive to maturity. Here, we propose an updated rmax equation that uses a simple mortality estimator that also accounts for survival to maturity: the reciprocal of average life-span. For 94 chondrichthyans, we now estimate that rmax values are on average 10% lower than previously published. Our updated rmax estimates are lower than previously published for species that mature later relative to maximum age and those with high annual fecundity. The most extreme discrepancies in rmax values occur in species with low age at maturity and low annual reproductive output. Our results indicate that chondrichthyans that mature relatively later in life, and to a lesser extent those that are highly fecund, are less resilient to fishing than previously thought.
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Trinquart, Ludovic, Justine Jacot, Sarah C. Conner, and Raphaël Porcher. "Comparison of Treatment Effects Measured by the Hazard Ratio and by the Ratio of Restricted Mean Survival Times in Oncology Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 15 (May 20, 2016): 1813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.64.2488.
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Purpose We aimed to compare empirically the treatment effects measured by the hazard ratio (HR) and by the difference (and ratio) of restricted mean survival times (RMST) in oncology randomized trials. Methods We selected oncology randomized controlled trials from five leading journals during the last 6 months of 2014. We reconstructed individual patient data for one time-to-event outcome from each trial, preferably the primary outcome. We reanalyzed each trial and compared the treatment effect estimated by the HR with that by the difference (and ratio) of RMST. We estimated an average ratio of the HR to the ratio of RMST; an average ratio less than one indicates more optimistic assessments with HRs. Results We analyzed 54 randomized controlled trials totaling 33,212 patients. The selected outcome was overall survival in 21 (39%) trials. There was evidence of nonproportionality of hazards in 13 (24%) trials. The HR and RMST-based measures were in agreement regarding the statistical significance of the effect, except in one case. The median HR was 0.84 (Q1 to Q3 range, 0.67 to 0.97) and the median difference in RMST was 1.12 months (range, 0.22 to 2.75 months). The average ratio of the HR to the ratio of RMST was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.15), with substantial between-trial variability (I2 = 86%). Results were consistent by outcome type (overall survival v other outcomes) and whether the proportional hazard assumption held or not. Conclusion On average, the HR provided significantly larger treatment effect estimates than the ratio of RMST. The HR may seem large when the absolute effect is small. RMST-based measures should be routinely reported in randomized trials with time-to-event outcomes.
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Nakamura, Kohei, Azumi Takahashi, Chikahiro Mori, Hideyuki Tamaki, Hanako Mochimaru, Kazunori Nakamura, Kazuhiro Takamizawa, and Yoichi Kamagata. "Methanothermobacter tenebrarum sp. nov., a hydrogenotrophic, thermophilic methanogen isolated from gas-associated formation water of a natural gas field." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_2 (February 1, 2013): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.041681-0.
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A thermophilic and hydrogenotrophic methanogen, strain RMAST, was isolated from gas-associated formation water of a gas-producing well in a natural gas field in Japan. Strain RMAST grew solely on H2/CO2 but required Casamino acids, tryptone, yeast extract or vitamins for growth. Growth of strain RMAST was stimulated by acetate. Cells were non-motile, straight rods (0.5×3.5–10.5 µm) and occurred singly or in pairs. Bundles of fimbriae occurred at both poles of cells and the cell wall was thick (approximately 21 nm, as revealed by ultrathin section electron microscopy). Strain RMAST grew at 45–80 °C (optimum, 70 °C), at pH 5.8–8.7 (optimum, pH 6.9–7.7) and with 0.001–20 g NaCl l−1 (optimum, 2.5 g NaCl l−1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔHT was most closely related to the isolate (95.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). On the basis of morphological, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is clear that strain RMAST represents a novel species of the genus Methanothermobacter , for which we propose the name Methanothermobacter tenebrarum sp. nov. The type strain is RMAST ( = DSM 23052T = JCM 16532T = NBRC 106236T).
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Bonnici, Christian, and Vincent Cassar. "The Implications of Contextual Realities on Career Development: The Specific Case of University Research Managers and Administrators in Small Island States." Journal of Career Development 47, no. 3 (May 17, 2017): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845317709352.
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Career development for university research managers and administrators (RMAs) is inherently challenging in small island states. In this article, we argue that by acquiring career adaptability resources, university RMAs can address their career development needs even in contexts with a restricted labor market. We do this by first identifying the factors that shape the career development prospects of university RMAs. Subsequently, we present evidence of how university RMAs in small island states may pursue their career development goals by redefining their roles according to the contextual realities. Career adaptability theory helps us to explore how this redefinition occurs, particularly since adaptability arises from a combination of personality traits (self-regulation) and careful interventions that can build adaptability resources. We use the knowledge from career adaptability theory to identify a number of implications for RMAs, universities, counselors, and professional associations to address career development issues within restricted small island contexts.
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Nemes, Szilard. "HAZARD RATES AND RESTRICTED MEAN SURVIVAL TIME." Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications 3, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/ijsa.v3i3.520.
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Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST) is well-established, but underutilized measure that can be interpreted as the average event-free survival time up to a pre-specified time point. In the last decade RMST received substantial attention and was advocated as an alternative for the Hazard Rate when the proportionality assumption is not met. Currently studies with time-to-evet outcomes routinely report survival curves and hazard rates. Research planning assumes extraction of comparative effect measures and variances that facilitates sample size calculations. Here we assessed the possibility of extracting clinically meaningful effect size estimates for RMST based research plans from studies that report survival curves and hazard rates. This assessment was based on simulations using Exponential and Weibull distributions. The simulations suggest that under certain conditions meaningful RMST effect size estimates can be extrapolated form published hazard rates. However, in cases when the proportionality assumption is in doubt (i.e. when RMST have most utility) extraction of meaningful estimates is not feasible.
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Rahmadian, Amanda Putri, Seanthel Delos Santos, Shruti Parshad, Louis Everest, Matthew C. Cheung, and Kelvin K. Chan. "Quantifying the Survival Benefits of Oncology Drugs With a Focus on Immunotherapy Using Restricted Mean Survival Time." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 18, no. 3 (March 2020): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2019.7362.
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Background: Restricted mean survival time (RMST) overcomes limitations of current measures of survival benefits because it directly captures information of the entire area under Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Using RMST difference (absolute survival benefit) and RMST ratio (relative survival benefit), we quantified the magnitude of survival benefits of recent oncology drugs and compared immunotherapies with nonimmunotherapies. Methods: Kaplan-Meier curves were extracted from phase II/III randomized controlled trials used by the FDA for oncology drug approvals from January 2011 through November 2017 with overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) as primary endpoints. RMST differences, ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals were meta-analyzed to estimate absolute and relative survival benefits of contemporary oncology drugs and to compare immunotherapies with nonimmunotherapies. Meta-regression was conducted to adjust for potential confounders. Results: Ninety-four trials with a total of 51,639 patients were included. Overall absolute survival benefits (RMST differences) were 1.55 months for OS (95% CI, 1.32–1.77) and 2.99 months for PFS (95% CI, 2.65–3.33). Overall relative survival benefits (RMST ratios) were 1.11 for OS (95% CI, 1.09–1.13) and 1.42 for PFS (95% CI, 1.36–1.48). Immunotherapy absolute PFS benefit was less than that of nonimmunotherapy (1.56 vs 3.23 months), whereas immunotherapy absolute OS benefit was larger than that of nonimmunotherapy by 0.59 months (2.02 vs 1.43 months). Adjusted OS RMST difference was 0.91 months greater for immunotherapy than for nonimmunotherapy after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: Absolute survival benefits of recent oncology drugs are modest. Survival benefits of immunotherapies are not dramatically superior to those of nonimmunotherapies. Routine reporting and use of RMST may help patients, physicians, and payers make more informed and responsible decisions regarding the care of patients with cancer.