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1
SAH, BIKASH KUMAR. "A NOVEL CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR AIR POLLUTION FORECASTING." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18792.
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Air pollution was a global problem a few decades back. It is still a problem and will continue
to be a problem if not solved appropriately.Various machine learning and deep learining
approaches have been purposed for accurate prediction, estimation and analysis of the air
polution. We have purposed a novel five layer one-dimensional convolution neural network
architecture to forecast the PM2.5 concentration. It is a deep learning approach. We have used
the five year air pollution dataset from 2010 to 2014 recorded by the US embassy in Beijing,
China taken from the database from UCI machine learining repository [19]. The dataset we are
considering is in the .csv format. The dataset consists of feature columns like “Number,”
“year,” “month,” “day,” “PM2.5”, “PM10”, “S02”, “dew,” “temp,” “pressure,” “wind
direction,” “wind direction,” “snow” and “rain.” The dataset consisted of a total of 43,324 rows
and nine feature columns.The model yields the best results in predicting PM2.5 levels with an
RMSE of 28.1309 and MAE of 14.9727. On statistical analysis we found that ur proposed
prediction model outperformed the traditional forecasting models like DTR, SVR and ANN
models for the air pollution forecasting.
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Chermiti, Amro. "Hur kan injicerad aktivitet individanpassas vid skelettscintigrafi? Effekten av patientspecifika parametrar." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84602.
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Bakgrund: Skelettscintigrafi är en nuklearmedicinsk undersökning. Undersökningen är den mest använda nukleardiagnostiska metoden och den genomförs ofta som en helkroppsundersökning. För att undersökningen ska kunna erhålla sin diagnostiska kvalitet, samt följa strålsäkerhetsmyndighetens rekommendationer behövs det mer kännedom till hur optimeringen ska följa as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). Studiens syfte var att optimera patientstråldos samt att undersöka hur injicerad aktivitet kan anpassas efter patientens specifika parametrar. Metod: Studiegruppen bestod av 85 patienter som genomgick skelettscintigrafier vid Central sjukhuset i Karlstad, från perioden februari-april 2020. Resultat: Visade att både ålder och vikt är patientspecifika variabler som borde tas till betraktning vid bestämning av injicerad strålningsdos. Konklusionen: För att optimera undersökningen för varje patient bör injicerad aktivitet anpassas efter både kroppsvikt och ålder. Fler studier där andra parametrar undersöks måste genomföras.Background: Bone scintigraphy is a nuclear medicine procedure. It is the most used nuclear diagnostic method and provides the opportunity to perform a full-body examination. For the method to retain its diagnostic quality, and to follow the recommendations of the Radiation Safety Authority, more knowledge is required on how the optimization should follow as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). The purpose of the study was to optimize patient radiation dose and to investigate how the injected activity can be adapted to patient-specific parameters. Method: The study group consisted of 85 patients who underwent bone scintigraphy at the Central Hospital in Karlstad, from the period February-April 2020. Result: Showed that age and weight are patient-specific variables that should be considered when determining injected radiation dose. Conclusion: To optimize the examination for each patient, injected activity should be adjusted according to the patient’s body weight and age. More studies in where other parameters are investigated must be carried out.
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Hast, Isak. "Quality Assessment of Spatial Data: Positional Uncertainties of the National Shoreline Data of Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18743.
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This study investigates on the planimetric (x, y) positional accuracy of the National Shoreline (NSL) data, produced in collaboration between the Swedish mapping agency Lantmäteriet and the Swedish Maritime Administration (SMA). Due to the compound nature of shorelines, such data is afflicted by substantial positional uncertainties. In contrast, the positional accuracy requirements of NSL data are high. An apparent problem is that Lantmäteriet do not measure the positional accuracy of NSL in accordance to the NSL data product specification. In addition, currently, there is little understanding of the latent positional changes of shorelines affected by the component of time, in direct influence of the accuracy of NSL. Therefore, in accordance to the two specific aims of this study, first, an accuracy assessment technique is applied so that to measure the positional accuracy of NSL. Second, positional time changes of NSL are analysed. This study provides with an overview of potential problems and future prospects of NSL, which can be used by Lantmäteriet to improve the quality assurance of the data. Two line-based NSL data sets within the NSL classified regions of Sweden are selected. Positional uncertainties of the selected NSL areas are investigated using two distinctive methodologies. First, an accuracy assessment method is applied and accuracy metrics by the root-means-square error (RMSE) are derived. The accuracy metrics are checked toward specification and standard accuracy tolerances. Results of the assessment by the calculated RMSE metrics in comparison to tolerances indicate on an approved accuracy of tested data. Second, positional changes of NSL data are measured using a proposed space-time analysis technique. The results of the analysis reveal significant discrepancies between the two areas investigated, indicating that one of the test areas are influenced by much greater positional changes over time. The accuracy assessment method used in this study has a number of apparent constraints. One manifested restriction is the potential presence of bias in the derived accuracy metrics. In mind of current restrictions, the method to be preferred in assessment of the positional accuracy of NSL is a visual inspection towards aerial photographs. In regard of the result of the space-time analysis, one important conclusion can be made. Time-dependent positional discrepancies between the two areas investigated, indicate that Swedish coastlines are affected by divergent degrees of positional changes over time. Therefore, Lantmäteriet should consider updating NSL data at different time phases dependent on the prevailing regional changes so that to assure the currently specified positional accuracy of the entire data structure of NSL.
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Abdelhafeid, Faraj. "The Effect Upon Antenna Arrays of Variations of Element Orientation and Spacing in the Presence of Channel Noise, with an Application to Direction Finding." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1525866099535246.
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Cantarello, Luca. "Analisi delle previsioni meteorologiche mensili mediante il modello GLOBO (ISAC-CNR)." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7690/.
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In questo lavoro sono presentate le principali caratteristiche delle previsioni meteorologiche mensili, nonché il progresso scientifico e storico che le ha coinvolte e le tecniche adibite alla loro verifica. Alcune di queste tecniche sono state applicate al fine di valutare ed analizzare l'errore sistematico (o bias) e l'RMSE di temperatura a 850 hPa (T850), altezza geopotenziale a 500 hPa (Z500) e precipitazioni cumulate del modello GLOBO, utilizzato presso l'Istituto per le Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche per formulare previsioni mensili.
I risultati mostrano la progressione temporale dell'errore, che aumenta nelle prime due settimane di integrazione numerica fino a stabilizzarsi tra la terza e la quarta. Ciò mostra che il modello, persa l'influenza delle condizioni iniziali, raggiunge un suo stato che, per quanto fisiologicamente distante da quello osservato, tende a stabilizzarsi e a configurarsi quindi come sistematico (eventualmente facilitandone la rimozione in fase di calibrazione delle previsioni). Il bias di T850 e Z500 presenta anomalie negative prevalentemente lungo le zone equatoriali, e vaste anomalie positive sulle aree extra-tropicali; quello delle precipitazioni mostra importanti sovrastime nelle zone continentali tropicali. La distribuzione geografica dell'RMSE (valutato solo per T850 e Z500) riscontra una generale maggiore incertezza nelle zone extra-tropicali, specie dell'emisfero settentrionale e nei mesi freddi.
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Mansour, Tony, and Majdi Murtaja. "Applied estimation theory on power cable as transmission line." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46583.
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This thesis presents how to estimate the length of a power cable using the MaximumLikelihood Estimate (MLE) technique by using Matlab. The model of the power cableis evaluated in the time domain with additive white Gaussian noise. The statistics havebeen used to evaluate the performance of the estimator, by repeating the experiment fora large number of samples where the random additive noise is generated for each sample.The estimated sample variance is compared to the theoretical Cramer Raw lower Bound(CRLB) for unbiased estimators. At the end of thesis, numerical results are presentedthat show when the resulting sample variance is close to the CRLB, and hence that theperformance of the estimator will be more accurate.
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Reigota, Nilvana dos Santos. "Comparação da transformada wavelet discreta e da transformada do cosseno, para compressão de imagens de impressão digital." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18152/tde-27042007-101810/.
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo comparar os seguintes métodos de compressão de imagens de impressão digital: transformada discreta do cosseno (DCT), transformada de wavelets de Haar, transformada de wavelets de Daubechies e transformada de wavelets de quantização escalar (WSQ). O propósito da comparação é identificar o método que resulta numa menor perda de dados, para a maior taxa de compressão possível. São utilizadas as seguintes métricas para avaliação da qualidade da imagem para os métodos: erro quadrático médio (ERMS), a relação sinal e ruído (SNR) e a relação sinal ruído de pico (PSNR). Para as métricas utilizadas a DCT apresentou os melhores resultados, seguida pela WSQ. No entanto, o melhor tempo de compressão e a melhor qualidade das imagens recuperadas avaliadas pelo software GrFinger 4.2, foram obtidos com a técnica WSQ.This research aims to compare the following fingerprint image compression methods: the discrete cosseno transform (DCT), Haar wavelet transform, Daubechies wavelets transform and wavelet scalar quantization (WSQ). The main interest is to find out the technique with the smallest distortion and higher compression ratio. Image quality is measured using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and root mean square (ERMS). Image quality using these metrics showed best results for the DCT followed by WSQ, although the WSQ had the best compression time and presented the best quality when evaluated by the GrFinger 4.2 software.
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Khurram, Jassal Muhammad. "The Effect of Optimization of Error Metrics." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20471.
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It is important for a retail company to forecast its sale in correct and accurate way to be ableto plan and evaluate sales and commercial strategies. Various forecasting techniques areavailable for this purpose. Two popular modelling techniques are Predictive Modelling andEconometric Modelling. The models created by these techniques are used to minimize thedifference between the real and the predicted values. There are several different errormetrics that can be used to measure and describe the difference. Each metric focuses ondifferent properties in the forecasts and it is hence important which metrics that is used whena model is created. Most traditional techniques use the sum of squared error which havegood mathematical properties but is not always optimal for forecasting purposes. This thesisfocuses on optimization of three widely used error metrics MAPE, WMAPE and RMSE.Especially the metrics protection against overfitting, which occurs when a predictive modelcatches noise and irregularities in the data, that is not part of the sought relationship, isevaluated in this thesis.Genetic Programming, a general optimization technique based on Darwin’s theories ofevolution. In this study genetic programming is used to optimize predictive models based oneach metrics. The sales data of five products of ICA (a Swedish retail company) has beenused to observe the effects of the optimized error metrics when creating predictive models.This study shows that all three metrics are quite poorly protected against overfitting even ifWMAPE and MAPE are slightly better protected than MAPE. However WMAPE is the mostpromising metric to use for optimization of predictive models. When evaluated against allthree metrics, models optimized based on WMAPE have the best overall result. The results oftraining and test data shows that the results hold in spite of overfitted models.Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik
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Laskauskas, Ramūnas. "Vaizdo kontūrų nustatymo būdų analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080929_113638-76811.
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Vaizdo kontūrų nustatymo metodų tyrimui buvo pasirinktas 100 įvairaus turinio paveikslų su įvairiu elementų dydžiu ir skaičiumi. Tyrimui buvo pasirinkti 8 populiariausi vaizdo kontūrų nustatymo metodai: Canny, Sobel, Prewitt, Roberts, Zerocross, Laplacian, LoG, Marr-Hildreth. Atliekant tyrimus visiems paveikslams, naudojant visus 8 metodus, buvo subjektyviai parinkta optimaliausia slenkstinė reikšmė. Gavus visų 100 įvairių paveikslų geriausias slenkstines reikšmes su visais 8 metodais, buvo nustatytos slenkstinių reikšmių kitimo ribos kiekvienam kontūro išskyrimo metodui. Kiekvienam paveikslui buvo pritaikyta vidutiniškai 10 slenkstinių reikšmių ir kiekvienam paveikslui buvo suskaičiuotas vidutinis kvadratinis nuokrypis (RMSE, Root Mean Square Error) su geriausiu pasirinktu kontūru.One hundred various pictures with different size and number of elements were chosen for the method research of image outline evaluation. All these pictures were converted into grayscale pictures. Most of edge detection methods (filters) required to be blurred to reduce noise. Eight the most popular methods were chosen to evaluate the image outline: Canny, Sobel, Prewitt, Roberts, Zerocross, Laplacian, LoG, Marr-Hildreth. A Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was computed for each edge picture with the best-chosen outline.
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Morelli, Stefano. "Optimal pose selection for the calibration of an overconstrained Cable-Driven Parallel Robot." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
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In this project an optimal pose selection method for the calibration of an overconstrained
Cable-Driven Parallel robot is presented. This manipulator belongs to a subcategory
of parallel robots, where the classic rigid "legs" are replaced by cables. Cables
are flexible elements that bring advantages and disadvantages to the robot modeling.
For this reason, there are many open research issues, and the calibration of geometric
parameters is one of them. The identification of the geometry of a robot, in particular,
is usually called Kinematic Calibration. Many methods have been proposed in the past
years for the solution of the latter problem. Although these methods are based on calibration
using different kinematic models, when the robot’s geometry becomes more
complex, their robustness and reliability decrease. This fact makes the selection of
the calibration poses more complicated. The position and the orientation of the endeffector
in the workspace become important in terms of selection. Thus, in general,
it is necessary to evaluate the robustness of the chosen calibration method, by means,
for example, of a parameter such as the observability index. In fact, it is known from the
theory, that the maximization of the above mentioned index identifies the best choice
of calibration poses, and consequently, using this pose set may improve the calibration
process.
The objective of this thesis is to analyze optimization algorithms which aim to calculate
an optimal choice of poses both in quantitative and qualitative terms. Quantitatively,
because it is of fundamental importance to understand how many poses are
needed. Not necessarily a greater number of poses leads to a better result. Qualitatively,
because it is useful to understand if the selected combination of poses actually
gives additional information in the process of the identification of the parameters.
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Thornton, Victor. "DETERMINING TIDAL CHARACTERISTICS IN A RESTORED TIDAL WETLAND USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES AND DERIVED DATA." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5369.
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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology was used to determine tidal extent in Kimages Creek, a restored tidal wetland located in Charles City County, Virginia. A Sensefly eBee Real-Time Kinematic UAV equipped with the Sensor Optimized for Drone Applications (SODA) camera (20-megapixel RGB sensor) was flown during a single high and low tide event in Summer 2017. Collectively, over 1,300 images were captured and processed using Pix4D. Horizontal and vertical accuracy of models created using ground control points (GCP) ranged from 0.176 m to 0.363 m. The high tide elevation model was subtracted from the low tide using the ArcMap 10.5.1 raster calculator. The positive difference was displayed to show the portion of high tide that was above the low tide. These results show that UAVs offer numerous spatial and temporal advantages, but further research is needed to determine the best method of GCP placement in areas of similar forest structure.
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Naraharisetti, Sahasan. "Region aware DCT domain invisible robust blind watermarking for color images." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9748/.
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The multimedia revolution has made a strong impact on our society. The explosive growth of the Internet, the access to this digital information generates new opportunities and challenges. The ease of editing and duplication in digital domain created the concern of copyright protection for content providers. Various schemes to embed secondary data in the digital media are investigated to preserve copyright and to discourage unauthorized duplication: where digital watermarking is a viable solution. This thesis proposes a novel invisible watermarking scheme: a discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain based watermark embedding and blind extraction algorithm for copyright protection of the color images. Testing of the proposed watermarking scheme's robustness and security via different benchmarks proves its resilience to digital attacks. The detectors response, PSNR and RMSE results show that our algorithm has a better security performance than most of the existing algorithms.
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Chungbaek, Youngyun. "Impacts of Ignoring Nested Data Structure in Rasch/IRT Model and Comparison of Different Estimation Methods." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77086.
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This study involves investigating the impacts of ignoring nested data structure in Rasch/1PL item response theory (IRT) model via a two-level and three-level hierarchical generalized linear model (HGLM). Currently, Rasch/IRT models are frequently used in educational and psychometric researches for data obtained from multistage cluster samplings, which are more likely to violate the assumption of independent observations of examinees required by Rasch/IRT models. The violation of the assumption of independent observation, however, is ignored in the current standard practices which apply the standard Rasch/IRT for the large scale testing data. A simulation study (Study Two) was conducted to address this issue of the effects of ignoring nested data structure in Rasch/IRT models under various conditions, following a simulation study (Study One) to compare the performances of three methods, such as Penalized Quasi-Likelihood (PQL), Laplace approximation, and Adaptive Gaussian Quadrature (AGQ), commonly used in HGLM in terms of accuracy and efficiency in estimating parameters.
As expected, PQL tended to produce seriously biased item difficulty estimates and ability variance estimates whereas almost unbiased for Laplace or AGQ for both 2-level and 3-level analysis. As for the root mean squared errors (RMSE), three methods performed without substantive differences for item difficulty estimates and ability variance estimates in both 2-level and 3-level analysis, except for level-2 ability variance estimates in 3-level analysis. Generally, Laplace and AGQ performed similarly well in terms of bias and RMSE of parameter estimates; however, Laplace exhibited a much lower convergence rate than that of AGQ in 3-level analyses.
The results from AGQ, which produced the most accurate and stable results among three computational methods, demonstrated that the theoretical standard errors (SE), i.e., asymptotic information-based SEs, were underestimated by at most 34% when 2-level analyses were used for the data generated from 3-level model, implying that the Type I error rate would be inflated when the nested data structures are ignored in Rasch/IRT models. The underestimated theoretical standard errors were substantively more severe as the true ability variance increased or the number of students within schools increased regardless of test length or the number of schools.Ph. D.
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Cascavilla, Francesco Paolo. "Sull'impiego di dati telerilevati per la stima del regime idrometrico in sezioni fluviali non strumentate." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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La crescente disponibilità di dati da telerilevamento satellitare apre la strada a nuove possibilità di monitoraggio delle grandezze idrauliche (es., livelli idrici, umidità del suolo, estensione delle aree bagnate), rappresentando una risorsa di interesse, specie per le aree scarsamente monitorate mediante tradizionali strumentazioni. La letteratura scientifica oggi riporta numerosi sforzi volti a dimostrare la possibilità di sfruttare tali misure per la caratterizzazione delle portate, e del regime idrologico, dei corsi d’acqua monitorati. Lo scopo di questa tesi è valutare le potenzialità della missione SWOT (Surface Water Ocean Topography; https://swot.jpl.nasa.gov/; in orbita dal 2021) per la stima delle portate di deflusso sulla base della misura del livello idrico in alveo. Le analisi sono condotte lungo il Fiume Po facendo ricorso alla stima delle portate mediante tre approcci semplificati, e riproducendo le misure attese dal satellite mediante un approccio statistico di tipo Monte Carlo. Le portate stimate sono quindi confrontate con le portate osservate presso tre distinte stazioni di misura lungo il Fiume: Borgoforte, Sermide e Pontelagoscuro. Il confronto mette in evidenza un’adeguata stima delle portate partendo dai livelli attesi da SWOT, ottenendo valori significativi di efficienza di Nash-Sutcliffe (efficienza compresa tra 0.86 e 0.94), superiori a quelli attesi dall’utilizzo di livelli altimetrici ad oggi disponibili da altri satelliti.
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Bajracharya, Dinesh. "Econometric Modeling vs Artificial Neural Networks : A Sales Forecasting Comparison." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20400.
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Econometric and predictive modeling techniques are two popular forecasting techniques. Both ofthese techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. In this thesis some econometricmodels are considered and compared to predictive models using sales data for five products fromICA a Swedish retail wholesaler. The econometric models considered are regression model,exponential smoothing, and ARIMA model. The predictive models considered are artificialneural network (ANN) and ensemble of neural networks. Evaluation metrics used for thecomparison are: MAPE, WMAPE, MAE, RMSE, and linear correlation. The result of this thesisshows that artificial neural network is more accurate in forecasting sales of product. But it doesnot differ too much from linear regression in terms of accuracy. Therefore the linear regressionmodel which has the advantage of being comprehensible can be used as an alternative to artificialneural network. The results also show that the use of several metrics contribute in evaluatingmodels for forecasting sales.Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik
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Cowmeadow, Rebecca. "Posizionamento relativo tramite tecnologia UWB di un braccio automatico." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24531/.
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La presente tesi si pone l'obiettivo di studiare le prestazioni della tecnologia a banda ultra-larga nell'ambito del posizionamento radio, cosicché dei nodi installati su un braccio automatico riescano a permettere a quest'ultimo di individuare degli oggetti a brevi distanze con la più elevata accuratezza. In prima istanza sono stati analizzati diversi aspetti dei sistemi di posizionamento radio (metodi di localizzazione, tecnologie etc.), poi è stata descritta la tecnologia UWB e, successivamente, sono stati descriti i parametri utilizzati per valutare le prestazioni del sistema (GDOP, PEB, RMSE). Dopo aver effettuato anche un'analisi teorica delle prestazioni, è stato introdotto il sistema di misure utilizzato nell'applicazione ed infine sono stati riportati e analizzati i risultati delle misure ritenuti più rilevanti.
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Kwon, Hyukje. "A Monte Carlo Study of Missing Data Treatments for an Incomplete Level-2 Variable in Hierarchical Linear Models." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303846627.
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Boselli, Luca. "Utilizzo della simulazione dinamica per l'ottimizzazione delle logiche di controllo degli impianti tecnici a servizio di un centro per grande distribuzione." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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L'obiettivo di questo progetto, svolto in collaborazione con lo studio tecnico Caster, è stato quello di modificare e tarare un modello energetico di un centro per la grande distribuzione non alimentare a seguito della realizzazione di alcuni interventi di riqualificazione energetica. Per la taratura del modello si sono utilizzate informazioni pervenute a seguito di sopralluoghi e interviste col personale oltre che derivanti da una campagna di monitoraggio dei consumi avvenuta dal 1 aprile al 31 agosto 2018. Per la valutazione del modello si sono utilizzati il NMBE e il CV(RMSE), con riferimento a quanto suggerito dall'Ashrae Guideline 14.
Sul modello tarato si sono infine svolte delle analisi allo scopo di ottimizzare le logiche di funzionamento degli impianti tecnici. Il programma di ottimizzazione utilizzato è GenOpt. Si è ricercata la condizione operativa che ottimizzasse il comfort termico, valutato per mezzo dei due indici PMV e PPD. Questi vengono calcolati per mezzo di un type creato appositamente per questo progetto. Si è cercato poi di ottimizzare il funzionamento degli impianti allo scopo di ridurre i consumi energetici pur rimanendo all'interno degli intervalli delle tre classi di comfort termico.
Dall'analisi dei risultati delle simulazioni di Trnsys si è infine ricercata una funzione correlatrice con la quale gestire in modo ottimale l'accensione degli impianti in funzione delle condizioni climatiche esterne ed interne all'edificio.
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Thomas, Robin Rajan. "Optimisation of adaptive localisation techniques for cognitive radio." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27076.
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Spectrum, environment and location awareness are key characteristics of cognitive radio (CR). Knowledge of a user’s location as well as the surrounding environment type may enhance various CR tasks, such as spectrum sensing, dynamic channel allocation and interference management. This dissertation deals with the optimisation of adaptive localisation techniques for CR. The first part entails the development and evaluation of an efficient bandwidth determination (BD) model, which is a key component of the cognitive positioning system. This bandwidth efficiency is achieved using the Cramer-Rao lower bound derivations for a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) antenna scheme. The performances of the single-input-single-output (SISO) and SIMO BD models are compared using three different generalised environmental models, viz. rural, urban and suburban areas. In the case of all three scenarios, the results reveal a marked improvement in the bandwidth efficiency for a SIMO antenna positioning scheme, especially for the 1×3 urban case, where a 62% root mean square error (RMSE) improvement over the SISO system is observed. The second part of the dissertation involves the presentation of a multiband time-of arrival (TOA) positioning technique for CR. The RMSE positional accuracy is evaluated using a fixed and dynamic bandwidth availability model. In the case of the fixed bandwidth availability model, the multiband TOA positioning model is initially evaluated using the two-step maximum-likelihood (TSML) location estimation algorithm for a scenario where line-of-sight represents the dominant signal path. Thereafter, a more realistic dynamic bandwidth availability model has been proposed, which is based on data obtained from an ultra-high frequency spectrum occupancy measurement campaign. The RMSE performance is then verified using the non-linear least squares, linear least squares and TSML location estimation techniques, using five different bandwidths. The proposed multiband positioning model performs well in poor signal-to-noise ratio conditions (-10 dB to 0 dB) when compared to a single band TOA system. These results indicate the advantage of opportunistic TOA location estimation in a CR environment.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted
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Jorge, Dalton Cozac Tanos. "Tecnologia de medição não invasiva do encolhimento e homogeneidade de cores em processos têxteis." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/RMAE-7AUFS3.
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This work presents three methodologies based on the digital acquisition and treatment of image for quality control in the textile industry, being two related to the dimensional control, and one related to the control of the fabric dye. The dimensional control is necessary during the sanforization, stage in which occurs the daily pay-shrinking of the fabric, to the step that the coloration control is necessary during the Coloration. The first methodology consists of counting the number of pixels between two made marks in the fabric before the sanforization and to compare with the number of pixels between the same marks after the process. Of this form the percentage of shrinking of the fabric can be calculated from the difference of the number of pixels between the markings in the two images. The second methodology uses the fast Fourier transformed (FFT) to analyze the images in the domain of the frequency. By the difference of the frequencies of the images before and after the process the percentage of shrinking of the fabric is determined. This same FFT also can be used to count the number of trams of the fabric in the image. The third methodology consists on the comparative analysis of the histograms of colors (RGB) of samples of one same neighborhood to verify the homogeneity of the coloration of the fabric. All the methods in subject presented quite satisfactory results, with high reliability metric, mainly if compared to the current techniques, also demonstrating a high use potential in the industry for its easy adaptation in lines of fabric finishing for monitor and control on-line of processes.Este trabalho apresenta três metodologias baseadas na aquisição e tratamento digital de imagem para controle de qualidade na indústria têxtil, sendo duas relacionadas ao controle dimensional e uma relacionada ao controle de tingimento do tecido. O controle dimensional é necessário durante a sanforização, etapa na qual ocorre o pré-encolhimento do tecido, ao passo que o controle de coloração é necessário durante o tingimento. A primeira metodologia consiste em contar o número de pixels entre duas marcas feitas no tecido antes da sanforização e comparar com o número de pixels entre as mesmas marcas após o processo. Dessa forma, determina-se o percentual de encolhimento do tecido pela diferença do número de pixels entre as marcações nas duas imagens. A segunda metodologia utiliza a transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT) para analisar as imagens no domínio da freqüência. Pela diferença das freqüências das imagens antes e depois de passar pela sanforizadeira determina-se o percentual de encolhimento do tecido. Essa mesma FFT também pode ser utilizada para contar o número de tramas do tecido presentes na imagem. A terceira metodologia consiste na análise comparativa dos histogramas de cores nos canais Red, Green e Blue (RGB) de amostras de uma mesma vizinhança para verificar a homogeneidade da coloração do tecido. Todos os métodos em questão apresentaram resultados bastante satisfatórios, com elevada confiabilidade metrológica, principalmente se comparados às técnicas atuais, demonstrando também alto potencial de empregabilidade na indústria, por sua fácil adaptação em linhas de acabamento de tecidos para monitoramento e controle on-line de processos.
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Grossi, Pablo Andrade. "Metodologia para avaliação de incerteza na medição de propriedades termofísicas pelo método flash laser: método de monte carlo aplicado a modelos dinâmicos de saída multivariável." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/RMAE-7LVFDA.
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The Laser Flash Method has been considered by INMETRO, NPL, NIST, PTB and other organizations as a standard method for thermal diffusivity measurements. Despite its several advantages, inherent experimental features become obstacles to a coherent expression of the measurement results. In this work, an effective methodology for uncertainty evaluation of thermophysical properties measurements based on the laser flash method is presented. Such methodology is based on Monte Carlo Method (MCM) applied to a central thermal diffusion model that consider all real initial and boundary conditions form a physical model. As results, the material thermophysical properties and
assign uncertainties are evaluated by a stochastic, dynamic and multivariate output model. The developed model and methodology was validated by standard samples Method carried out in the LMPT Laboratório de Medição de Propriedades Termofísicas (thermophysical properties measurement laboratory) of the Nuclear Technology Development Center (CDTN/CNEN - Brazil). The definition of a consistent and robust methodology to evaluate statistical properties involving multivariate input and multivariate output quantities of a generic model is the main result in this work. In a generic way, this methodological structure can perform the propagations of uncertainties of a central model for any real phenomenon or process.O método de Flash do Laser tem se consagrado como método padrão para medição das propriedades termofísicas de sólidos pelo INMETRO, NPL, NIST, PTB e outras organizações internacionais de metrologia. Apesar de inúmeras vantagens, características experimentais inerentes ao método tem se tornado obstáculos para uma coerente expressão do resultado de medição. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para avaliação de incertezas na medição de propriedades termofísicas pelo método Flash Laser. Aplicou-se o Método de Monte Carlo a um modelo central de difusão térmica, em meio sólido, considerando condições iniciais e de contorno reais de um modelo físico. Como resultados, as propriedades termofísicas do material e suas respectivas incertezas são estimadas utilizando um modelo estocástico dinâmico de saída multivariável. A validação da metodologia proposta foi realizada utilizando amostras padrão e os valores estimados para os parâmetros físicos associados ao Laboratório de Medições de Propriedades Termofísicas - LMTP do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear CDTN. O resultado final deste trabalho é a definição de uma coerente e robusta metodologia para avaliação de propriedades estatísticas e propagação de distribuições envolvendo modelos com múltiplos parâmetros de entrada e múltiplas saídas. De uma forma generalizada, esta estrutura metodológica pode realizar a propagação de incertezas de um modelo matemático central para qualquer fenômeno ou processo real.
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Silveira, Livio de Barros. "Avaliação das alterações do fluido crevicular gengival drenado de tecidos gengivais clinicamente normais submetidos à laser em baixa intensidade: estudo em anima nóbile." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/RMAE-7LVG6D.
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In periodontology the gingival tissue, peripheral blood flow and crevicular gingival fluid (which normally comes out of the gingival socket) are the most important immune barriers acting as defense mechanisms at the front door for peridontal disease. The purpose of this study is to present a non invasive and safe activation of the immune system during the beginning process of periodontal disease associated to dental plaque, by stimulating the gingival tissue through low intensity laser at two different waves lengths and observing the changes in the gingival crevicular fluid drained from normal gingival tissues. Thirty volunteers were selected for this study, with ages between 18 and 60 years old, with clinically normal dental and periodontal structures. Six frontal interdental gingival areas were selected from each patient being 3 areas at the jawbone and 3 areas at the mandible. At the jawbone, one area did not receive any kind of radiation, one area was submitted to low intensity laser irradiation of . = 780 nm and one area submitted to laser irradiation of . = 680 nm. The same procedure was repeated for the mandible. The protocol used 40mW of power (spot area of 0,04 cm2) for the different types of laser, with irradiation time of two and a half minutes resulting on a dose of 150 J/cm2. The changes of the gingival tissues after the laser irradiation with 2 different wave lengths where observed and analyzed: the cellular components of the gingival crevicular fluid (neutrophils and macrophages) the volume change of the fluid measured by Periotron and temperature variations (due to the increase of the blood flow) registered by a thermocamera. Based on the results we can conclude that: about variations of volume and cellular presence, the lasers of low intensity emission infrared (. = 780 nm) and red (. = 680 nm), at the conditions of the present study, promoted an increase of the drained gingival crevicular fluid and an increase of number of macrophages present in its composition, but only the red laser promoted a decrease of the neutrophils present in its composition. The temperature variation tests indicated that the use of the low intensity laser on the gingival tissues caused and average change of only 0,5º C, not causing thermal damage.Key words: Low Level Laser intensity, gingivalNesta area da periodontia em que se situam os tecidos gengivais, a circulacao sanguinea periferica do periodonto e o liquido sulcular gengival (proveniente do sulco gengival) sao as duas importantes barreiras imunologicas que atuam na defesa dessa regiao, que e, por excelencia, a porta de entrada e instalacao da doenca periodontal. O presente estudo objetiva avaliar a utilizacao de uma conduta conservadora, nao invasiva, de ativacao da barreira imunologica contra a instalacao da doenca periodontal associada a placa bacteriana, estimulando o tecido gengival atraves da aplicacao do laser em baixa intensidade utilizando dois comprimentos de onda diferentes, avaliando as alteracoes ocorridas no fluido sulcular gengival drenado de tecidos gengivais clinicamente normais submetidos a radiacao laser em baixa intensidade. Para este estudo foram selecionados 30 voluntarios, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, com estruturas dentais e periodontais clinicamente normais. Foram selecionadas 6 areas gengivais interproximais anteriores de cada voluntario sendo 3 na maxila e 3 na mandibula. Na maxila , uma area nao recebeu nenhum tipo de irradiacao, uma area foi submetida a irradiacao laser de baixa intensidade de É = 780 nm e uma area foi submetida a irradiacao laser de É = 680 nm. O mesmo procedimento se repetiu para a mandibula. O protocolo utilizado constou de potencia de 40 mW (area de spot de 0,04 cm2) para os diferentes tipos de feixe laser, com tempo de irradiacao de dois minutos e meio resultando numa dose de 150 J/cm2. Baseado nos conhecimentos do comportamento dos tecidos gengivais e apos a irradiacao laser em dois comprimentos de onda, foram observados e analisados: 1) o conteudo do fluido sulcular gengival coletado avaliando sua composicao celular (Neutrofilos e Macrofagos), 2) a variacao da quantidade de volume do fluido medida pelo Periotron e 3) as variacoes de temperatura justificados pelo aumento de irrigacao sanguinea, registradas por uma termocamera. Baseando-se nos resultados pode-se concluir que: nas comparacoes entre variacoes de volume e presenca celular, os lasers de baixa intensidade de emissao infravermelha (É = 780 nm) e vermelha (É = 680 nm), nas condicoes do presente estudo, promoveram o aumento de volume do fluido sulcular gengival drenado como tambem o aumento do numero de macrofagos presentes em sua composicao, mas somente o laser vermelho (É = 680 nm) promoveu uma reducao no numero de neutrofilos presentes em sua composicao. Os testes de variacao de temperatura indicaram que a aplicacao dos lasers de baixa intensidade sobre os tecidos gengivais promoveram uma mudanca media menor que 0,5o C, nao ocasionando dano termico.
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Barbosa, Marcio. "Modelagem de cadeia de suprimentos de produtos farmacêuticos e de cosméticos, usando sistemas de controle discreto: estudo de caso." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/RMSA-89WLM4.
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The objective of this essay is to use digital models predictors for echelon of a supply chain of pharmacist products and cosmetics, mainly for FMX Company that represents the weak echelon of the chain. The methodology is based on control systems and allows us to gain valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of supply chain replenishment rules. Also introduce engineering control concepts to quantify the variance amplification bullwhip effect (Forrester Effect) or variance reduction and in consequence the decreasing inventories throughout the chain, making it competitive. The applied methodology was the case study, within two echelons of the chain through real data and composed of up to and out order, it means, orders from an echelon down to and up to another one. At the end signaling demands were compared with and without filters, indifferent echelons, as well as the influence of the professional that is in charge of signaling the demand.Esta dissertação tem como objetivo utilizar modelos digitais na previsão de demanda para elos de uma cadeia de suprimentos de produtos farmacêuticos e de cosméticos, principalmente para a empresa FMX, que se constitui no elo fraco da cadeia. A metodologia está baseada em sistema de controle que cria e permite ganhar habilidades no conhecimento dinâmico em cadeia de suprimento e regras de reabastecimento. Também introduz conceitos da área de engenharia de controle para quantificar o efeito de chicoteamento (efeito Forrester), redução da variância da demanda e, como conseqüência, o enxugamento de estoques ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos, tornando-a competitiva. A metodologia utilizada foi o Estudo de Caso, em dois elos da cadeia, através de dados reais, constituídos de demandas de entrada e de saída, ou seja, pedidos de elo a jusante para elo a montante e vice versa ao longo da cadeia. Ao final foram comparadas as sinalizações de demandas (previsões de demanda) com e sem filtros em diferentes elos, assim como a influência do profissional que decide ao sinalizar a demanda.
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Hallak, Ricardo. "Simulações numéricas de tempestades severas na RMSP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-04032009-085852/.
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Tempestades severas ocorrem na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) principalmente nos meses quentes e úmidos do ano. Nesta tese, os mecanismos de disparo da convecção profunda são estudados por meio de análises observacionais e simulações numéricas com o Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS). A metodologia proposta compreende o uso da parametrização microfísica fria na simulação dos processos físicos que levam à formação de nuvens cumulonimbus, sem o uso da parametrização de cúmulos nas grades de altíssima resolução espacial. Nos eventos estudados, as primeiras células de precipitação observadas e simuladas surgiram em razão da interação entre o escoamento atmosférico na camada limite planetária e a topografia local. As células secundárias foram geralmente mais intensas, uma vez que elas surgiram após o aquecimento diabático adicional. O mecanismo de disparo das células secundárias foi a corrente ascendente induzida pela propagação horizontal das frentes de rajada em baixos níveis da atmosfera das correntes descendentes das células primárias. As frentes de rajada tiveram velocidade de propagação horizontal típica de 6 m s-1. No evento de 02 de fevereiro de 2004, células convectivas profundas foram simuladas com alto grau de realismo no domínio da grade de 3 km de resolução espacial. Observou-se que, neste caso, a frente de brisa marítima pôde atuar como guia de ondas para a colisão entre duas frentes de rajada. A propagação da frente de brisa marítima para o interior do continente ocorreu em conjunção a um forte gradiente de vapor dágua nos níveis mais baixos da troposfera. As células convectivas profundas secundárias surgiram e se desenvolveram exatamente nesta zona de interface, a qual representa o contraste entre as diferentes massas de ar marítima e continental. No evento de 04 de fevereiro de 2004, na grade de 1 km de resolução, a análise objetiva com as medidas das estações de superfície na RMSP correspondente às 1800 UTC indicou a presença de uma ilha de calor urbana com até 4 oC de aquecimento diferencial entre a Capital e vizinhanças. O principal efeito da assimilação destas medidas foi a redução do NCL em até 80 hPa, o que favoreceu o disparo da convecção naquela área.Severe thunderstorms occur in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) mainly in the warm and wet months of the year. In this work, the triggering mechanisms of deep convection are studied through observed data and numerical simulations with the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS). The proposed methodology focuses in the use of microphysics parameterization of cold clouds to simulate physical process linked to the life cycle of thunderstorms. The cumulus cloud parameterization isnt used in high resolution numerical grids. In the real case studies, both observed and simulated, early convective cells developed as a consequence of the interaction between the planetary boundary layer atmospheric flow and the local topography. The secondary convective cells were generally strongest, once they developed after additional surface diabatic heating. The triggering mechanism of these secondary cells was the updraft induced by gust fronts generated by downdrafts of primary cells. The gust fronts had a typical horizontal propagation velocity of 6 m s-1. In the February 02 2004 event, deep convective cells were simulated with high degree of realism with a 3 km resolution grid. It was observed that, in this case, the sea-breeze front could act as a wave guide to the collision between two different gust fronts. In addition, the sea breeze front propagated to the continental area together with a strong low level water vapor gradient. The secondary deep convective cells arose and developed exactly on this interface zone, which represents the contrast between the oceanic and continental air masses. The interface zone was marked by a water vapor mixing rate of 14 g kg-1. In the February 04 2004 event, the objective analysis, made with some MASP´s surface stations measurements at 1800 UTC in the 1 km resolution grid, indicates the presence of an urban heat island with up to 4 oC of differential heating between São Paulo city and its neighboring area. The main effect in assimilating these surface measurements was the lowering of the lift condensation level up to 80 hPa, which favored the triggering of convection in that area.
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Mohamed, Mostafa. "Evaluation de la qualité des modèles 3D de bâtiments en photogrammétrie numérique aérienne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD037/document.
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Les méthodes et les outils de génération automatique ou semi-automatique de modèles 3D urbains se développent rapidement, mais l’évaluation de la qualité de ces modèles et des données spatiales sur lesquelles ils s’appuient n’est que rarement abordée. Notre objectif est de proposer une approche multidimensionnelle standard pour évaluer la qualité des modèles 3D de bâtiments en 1D, 2D et 3D. Deux méthodes sont présentées pour l'évaluation 1D. La première se base sur l’analyse de l’erreur moyenne quadratique en X, Y et Z. La deuxième solution s’appuie sur les instructions parues au Journal Officiel du 30 octobre 2003 et exigeant le respect de classes de précisions. L'approche que nous proposons se penche sur le calcul d'indices de qualité fréquemment rencontrés dans la littérature. L'originalité de notre approche réside dans le fait que les modèles employés en entrée ne se limitent pas au mode raster, mais s'étendent au mode vecteur. Il semble évident que les modèles définis en mode vecteur s'avèrent plus fidèles à la réalité qu'en mode raster. Les indices de qualité 2D et 3D calculés montrent que les modèles 3D de bâtiments extraits à partir des couples d’images stéréoscopiques sont cohérents. Les modèles reconstruits à partir du LiDAR sont moins exacts. En conclusion, cette thèse a abouti à l’élaboration d’une approche d’évaluation multidimensionnelle de bâtiments en 3D. L’approche proposée dans cette thèse est adaptée et opérationnelle pour des modèles vectoriels et rasters de bâtiments 3D simplifiésMethods and tools for automatic or semi-automatic generation of 3D city models are developing rapidly, but the quality assessment of these models and spatial data are rarely addressed. A comprehensive evaluation in 3D is not trivial. Our goal is to provide a standard multidimensional approach for assessing the quality of 3D models of buildings in 1D, 2D and 3D. Two methods are applied. The first one is done by computing Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) based on the deviations between both models (reference and test), in X, Y and Z directions. Second method is performed by applying the French legal text (arrêté sur les classes de précision) that is based on the instructions published in the Official Journal from October 30, 2003. These indices pass through the space discretization in pixels or voxels for measuring the degree of superposition of 2D or 3D objects. The originality of this approach is built on the fact that the models used as input are not only limited to raster format, but also extended to vector format. The results of statistics of the quality indices calculated for assessing the building models show that the 3D building models extracted from stereo-pairs are close from each other. Also, the models reconstructed from LiDAR are less accurate than the models reconstructed from aerial images alone. In conclusion, the quality evaluation of 3D building models has been achieved by applying the proposed multi-dimensional approach. This approach is suitable for simplified 3D building vector models created from aerial images and/or LiDAR datasets
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Wire, Clint. "Mini-screw assisted RME vs. traditional RME to more successfully achieve mid-palatal sutural separation." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6886.
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Introduction: Treating adolescent maxillary constriction often includes a traditional RME appliance, with the aim of creating a separation of the midpalatal sutural (MPS). However, maxillary skeletal expansion becomes more difficult with age due to increased facial and mid-palatal, skeletal resistance. An emerging treatment option with the hopes of overcoming this skeletal resistance is a mini-screw assisted RME appliance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the age and maturation at which successful separation of the maxillary MPS can be achieved, and whether or not this can be improved with the utilization of a mini-screw assisted RME appliance.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, N=96 (n=43 M, n=53 F) consecutively treated subjects exhibiting maxillary skeletal constriction underwent traditional RME treatment and N=13 (n=7 M, n=6 F) underwent MARME treatment utilizing mini-screws. Subjects were also classified into either pre-pubertal or post-pubertal groups based on maturation. Evidence of MPS separation was confirmed by the development of a diastema between upper central incisors and using a maxillary occlusal radiograph.
Results: Average age of the 96 subjects with traditional RME treatment was 13.8 years with 71.9% achieving successful separation of the maxillary MPS. Sutural separation occurred with traditional RME for 96% of the pre-pubertal group compared with 62% of the post-pubertal group. There was also a significantly strong negative correlation between age and percent ability to get MPS separation with traditional RME. In contrast, average age of mini-screw RME subjects was 17.1 years (n=13), all were classified as post-puberty, and MPS separation occurred 100% of the time.
Conclusions: Utilization of mini-screw assisted RME is a good option for clinicians when treating post-pubertal adolescents and early adult patients. However, MPS separation is highly likely to occur in pre-pubertal patients treated with traditional RME. As a result, patient age and maturation should be taken into account when deciding between traditional or mini-screw assisted RME treatment.
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Rühl, Maximilian. "Prozessmodellierung von Reaktiv-Multischicht-Systemen (RMS)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-198818.
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The focus of this work is the theoretical and experimentell descreption of so-called Reactive Multilayer Systems (RMS). The RMS consist of at least two mostly metallic materials, which can exothermic response with each other. Using magnetron sputter deposition (MSD) several hundred to thousands alternating layers are produced. The periodic thickness varies between 10-150 nm and the total thickness between 10-100 µ m . The exotermic reaction is effected by an activation energy, e.g. with an electric spark. In this case a phase transition of the RMS materials, which are in a metastable equilibrium, will take place. This released energy in the shape of heat, which actvates the reaction in the neighboring areas. It forms a self-sustaining thermal wave through the RMS foil. In this case the amount of energy is present, that a solder on the RMS or the joining samples or even the material itself can be melted. Therefore the RMS can be used as a heat source for joining two components. The major advantage of this technology is the very low heat input in the bonding components, due to the milliseconds of the reaction. Thus the components are heated only superfical and there is no structural damage. Thus a very low-stress joining is possible.
Furthermore is guaranteed, because of the metallic materials, a very high electrical and thermal conductivity. For the theoretical characterization of the physical and chemical processes within the RMS FEM-Simulations of the absolut temperature and the propagation velocity are preformed. In order to calculate the tmeperature ditribution in the components a new method will presented. It is thus possible to calculate the temperature penetration of the components to determine potential thermal barrier layer-thickness and the meltig time. Thus parameters for the specific joint problem such as period thickness, etc. of the RMS are derived. Modelling the heat transport after joining with RMS it is possible to derive a corralation between the thermal conductivity and shear strength. To quantify the theoretical results and to require certain parameters for the calculations experiments were preformed. The RMS will be investigated experimentally in terms of their enthalpy H , propagation velocity v , nascent temperature, melting time t schmelz , interdiffusion zone w , phase transition and its use as inovative heat source for joining components. The experimental results are compared with the theortical and complet this work.
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Fioresi, Adriano. "A new method to characteriz e monitoring platforms for dynamic distribution systems." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12387/.
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Nell'esercizio della Distribuzione Elettrica, molte applicazioni come il controllo dei
ussi di
potenza e la stabilità della tensione, richiedono la conoscenza dello stato della rete. Queste
informazioni possono essere ottenute aggregando misure disponibili della rete, seppur di
diversa natura, e applicando ad esse algoritmi di Stima di Stato.
Diversi fattori possono avere un impatto sull'incertezza della stima di stato nel caso in cui
alcune grandezze della rete stiano evolvendo dinamicamente. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è
quello di identificare i diversi contributi che incidono sulla accuratezza del risultato della
Stima di Stato globale durante il verificarsi di eventi di natura dinamica. Tra questi si
citano quali veloci variazioni della potenza generata da parte di fonti di energia rinnovabili
e
uttuazioni della domanda di potenza da parte clienti della rete.
I test eseguiti evidenziano l'importanza del porre particolare attenione agli effetti portati
da queste dinamiche allo scopo di identificare le incertezze che affliggono il sistema di
monitoraggio della rete.
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Busfield, Anthony Leigh. "The RMS survey : radio and millimeter studies." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424608.
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Peres, Thais Helena de Alcântara. "Educação superior, emprego e renda: uma relação problemática. RMSP. 2002-2009." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-27092010-160051/.
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Este estudo investigou a relação entre educação e renda a fim de entender os limites da educação superior como promotora do bem-estar individual e social. Pretende, assim, contribuir para a análise dos impactos, no curto prazo, da educação superior sobre o mercado de trabalho e sobre a renda dos trabalhadores em seu conjunto. A escolha do recorte de tempo, 2002-2009, é particular porque é o momento no qual as dinâmicas de três processos sociais, aparentemente sem muita sinergia entre eles, começam a se encontrar. Os processos são: (i) a expansão do acesso ao ensino superior, particularmente do setor privado; (ii) a reestruturação do mercado de trabalho na RMSP Região Metropolitana de São Paulo; e (iii) o crescimento da PIA População em Idade Ativa. A questão que se colocou foi entender quais arranjos sociais seriam feitos para dar conta da maior entrada de pessoas mais jovens e mais escolarizadas num mercado de trabalho que redefinia a sua estrutura de oportunidades. Foram utilizados os bancos de dados da PME Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego do IBGE para as análises cross section dos mesmos pares de indivíduos em dois momentos, 2002-2003 e 2008- 2009, fornecendo elementos descritivos para a compreensão da relação em foco. Modelos probabilísticos Logit e OLogit foram modelados para a mensuração dos impactos, entre 2002 e 2009, da escolaridade sobre a ocupação (emprego ou desemprego); da escolaridade sobre a qualidade da ocupação (mercado formal ou mercado informal); e os impactos na renda recebida pelos indivíduos segundo as características de escolaridade, idade, gênero, cor, condição na família e inserção no mercado de trabalho. Entre outras conclusões, os resultados desta investigação reafirmam as possibilidades muito maiores do trabalhador com ensino superior de estar nos estratos superiores de renda, mas destacam que ele perdeu importância para fins de empregabilidade no período analisado, ao contrário do trabalhador com ensino médio cuja importância aumenta para fins de empregabilidade.This study assesses the relation between education and income in order to understand the limits of higher education as a promoter of individual and social welfare. Thus seeks to contribute to the analysis of the impacts in the short run of higher education on the labor market and the income of workers. The chosen period of analysis, 2002-2009, is special because it is the moment when the dynamics of three social processes begin to meet, though apparently without much synergy among them. The processes are: (i) the expanding access to higher education, particularly at private institutions, (ii) the restructuring of the labor market in Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area, and (iii) the working age population growth. The issue was about social arrangements that would be made to allow more young and educated people entering in the labor market whose structure of opportunities have been redefined. The databases of the PME (Montly Employment Survey)/IBGE were used for cross section analysis of the same pairs of individuals on 2002-2003 and 2008-2009 and provided descriptive statistics to figure out the relation between education and income across the population. Probabilistic Models - Logit and OLogit - were modeled to measure education impacts between 2002 and 2009 on the occupation (employment or unemployment); schooling on the quality of occupation (the formal or informal market), and impacts on individuals income according to characteristics of schooling, age, gender, race, family position and insertion in the labor market. Among other conclusions, the results of this investigation reaffirm the far greater probabilities of workers with higher education earn higher wages, but stressed that higher education became less important for employability in the period analyzed, unlike high school whose importance increases for employability.
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Flynn, Kevin. "THE RMS FRAMEWORK OF ACADEMIC MARKETING RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1600792969043768.
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Penfold, Catherine. "The development of a large interval recombinase mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) strategy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12256.
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Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells have provided researchers with a useful tool to investigate genome function and the consequences of genome mutation. One mutational approach is gene-targeting, this involves the introduction of DNA sequences of choice, precisely, to almost any location in the target genome by homologous recombination. At present, most gene-targeting strategies introduce DNA constructs that derive from plasmids. Plasmids can stably propagate up to approximately 30 kb of DNA. Therefore, this size limit may place a restriction on the range of mutations that may be made to a genome using a single plasmid-derived gene-targeting construct alone. To overcome this limitation, multiple rounds of sequential gene-targeting experiments may be performed, however such an approach may be too lengthy to be practicable. In order to address this current limitation with gene-targeting a novel strategy was tested, implementing Cre-lox site-specific recombination (SSR) technology and the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector system. Two sequential gene-targeting events in murine E14Tg2a ES cells (HPRT) were performed at separate locations to chromosome 11. The aim of gene-targeting was to create an interval on chromosome 11 that included a single copy of the murine alpha-globin locus, between the hetero-specific lox sites, loxP and lox511, an interval of approximately 64 kb. To this end the first targeting event delivered lox511 /hygromycin/I See Illox51 J sequences and the second event frt/I See I/5'hprt//oxP/neomycin sequences. ES cells that were confirmed to have correctly undergone the two desired targeting events (double-targeted) were then assessed to determine whether these events had occurred to the same chromosome 11 (in eis ), as desired, or to the alternate copies of chromosome 11 (in trans). This assessment involved restricting DNA from the double-targeted ES cell lines with the rare-cutting restriction endonuclease I See I and resolving the products of this restriction by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. This analysis identified two in cis lines (CAT-A3 and CAT-B3) and an in trans line (CATCIO). The double-targeted ES cell lines were then further characterised to determine whether the hetero-specific lox sites they harboured would participate in ere-mediated SSR. The positive result of this analysis was the generation of ES cell clones that were hemizygous for the alpha-globin locus, a deletion of 64 kb. Hemizygous ES cell clones were obtained from the CAT-A3 and CAT-B3 ES cell lines, as predicted, but not from the CAT-C 10 line, although all the lines tested showed evidence of SSR occurring. In parallel to achieving the interval between loxP and lox51 l in ES cells, a BAC, harbouring the alpha-globin locus, was similarly modified with lox sites using recombination-mediated cloning. The aim of the BAC modification was to create an interval between lox sites in the BAC identical to that achieved in the ES cells. The BAC was targeted sequentially with two separate constructs, lox511/k.anamycin/lox511/HSVtk and then blasticidin/loxP/3'hprt/I See 11.frt. The correct targeting of the BAC was verified by restricting its DNA with a panel restriction endonucleases. The lox sites were then tested in an in vitro analysis with purified Cre recombinase and found to be competent to participate in SSR reactions. The modified BAC was co-electroporated with a Cre expression plasmid into the CAT-A3 and CAT-B3 ES cell lines, previously characterised as targeted in eis, with the aim of exchanging the interval sequences in the ES cell with those of the BAC. The ultimate aim of such an exchange would be to deliver any combination of mutations that would be previously engineered to the BAC interval, to that of the ES cell, by a single SSR event. This experimental approach should expedite and facilitate the mutational analysis of gene loci. To generate comparative data the result of SSR between the modified BAC and an in trans targeted ES cell line (CAT-CI 0) was also assessed. The selection for the desired exchange involved reconstruction of an Hprt minigene and exclusion of a thymidine kinase gene, cells which haboured these events could therefore be selected for in HAT and ganciclovir supplemented media respectively. ES cell clones generated from both of the in cis lines tested (CAT-A3 and CAT-B3) had the correct selection resistance profiles, thus indicating that the desired exchange had been achieved in these clones. Additionally, Southern blot analysis from the DNA from these clones was consistent with the achievement of the desired exchange. However, the results obtained from clones generated from the in trans line (CAT-CI 0) were not consistent with their predicted genetic arrangement following SSR with the modified BAC. Thus far similar experimental approaches have been implemented to exchange smaller intervals of I to 5 kb and have been termed recombinase mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). However the experiments described within this thesis are the first test whether the same rationale may be applied to larger intervals. The strategy described and tested in this thesis has therefore been termed large interval RMCE (liRMCE).
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Lee, Hye Joo. "CRT-RMS cross-cultural study with Korean college students." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39505.
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The Conditional Reasoning Test-Relative Motive Strength (CRT-RMS; James, 1998) has shown to be a psychometrically reliable and valid approach for measuring implicit motives and biases in United States and European contexts (James&Rentsch, 2004; Mot, 2003). Extended from previous research, the current study demonstrated the utility of the CRT-RMS with a sample of 186 college students in Korea. The results showed a significant association between the CRT-RMS scores and Korean college students' grade point average. Korean samples also supported the dissociative model in relating with self-report measures. Additionally, mean score differences on implicit and explicit measures of achievement motivation between Korean and US samples provided meaningful information. Implications of cross-culturally valid implicit measures are discussed.
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Teixeira, Marcelo. "A sustentabilidade na RMSP através do saneamento básico: Sabesp, um estudo de caso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-17112010-145014/.
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O trabalho consiste em entender o papel de uma empresa de saneamento, a Sabesp, Companhia de Saneamento Básico de São Paulo, na sustentabilidade da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, RMSP, através de seus projetos estruturantes: Projeto Tietê, Projeto Vida Nova, Córrego Limpo e o PURA. Para tanto, foram analisados os dados oficiais dos programas desenvolvidos pela companhia paulista juntamente com depoimentos dos profissionais envolvidos com os projetos, com especialista do Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - IPT e do responsável pelo Programa Vida Nova da PMSP. A partir de então, pôde-se concluir que, apesar do bom encaminhamento dos programas e de suas ações serem multidisciplinares, é necessário que, para que se tenha um resultado efetivo, todas as ações sejam pensadas e desenvolvidas de forma ampla e sistemática, com participação intensa e colaborativa de toda a sociedade bem como de agentes públicos e privados e em longo prazo.The work consists in understanding the role of a sanitation company, Sabesp, the Basic Sanitation Company of São Paulo, at the sustainability of São Paulo´s Metropolitan Region (RMSP), by means of its structuring projects: Projeto Tietê, Projeto Vida Nova, Córrego Limpo and PURA. In order to do that, the official data of the developed programs by the São Paulo´s company have been analyzed, together with the statements of the professionals involved with the projects, with the expert of the Instituto de Pesquisa Tecnológica - IPT and the responsible for the Programa Vida Nova of São Paulo´s City Hall. From then on, it was possible to conclude that, despite the good management of the programs and that their actions are multitasks, it is necessary that, in order to achieve an effective result, all actions are reasoned and developed in a broad and systematic way, with an intense and collaborative participation of all society as well as the public and private players and in the long term.
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Nestler, Franziska. "Automated Parameter Tuning based on RMS Errors for nonequispaced FFTs." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-160989.
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In this paper we study the error behavior of the well known fast Fourier transform for nonequispaced data (NFFT) with respect to the L2-norm. We compare the arising errors for different window functions and show that the accuracy of the algorithm can be significantly improved by modifying the shape of the window function. Based on the considered error estimates for different window functions we are able to state an easy and efficient method to tune the involved parameters automatically. The numerical examples show that the optimal parameters depend on the given Fourier coefficients, which are assumed not to be of a random structure or roughly of the same magnitude but rather subject to a certain decrease.
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Kalikavunkal, Priya. "Development of EMT Simulation Model to Use RMS Control Model." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187641.
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Evolution is continuous and as a result, developments in semiconductors are endless. This led to the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) converter termed as HVDC light. HVDC light is quite preferable because of its pros in the technology used as well as the application it is used for. For instance, the VSC technology allows independent control of the real and reactive power and has reduced short circuit current. HVDC light are used in applications such as wind power integration, offshore power supply, underground transmission and in enhancing connected AC networks. It is vital that the control system in HVDC ensures the stability of the system and the power flow between the AC and DC systems. This is done by determining the instant at which the IGBT’s are fired in the converterstations (at both rectifier and inverter). ABB has developed RMS (using sequence components and phasors) control system based on the actual control system in a fully graphical programming language tool known as Hidraw. This RMS control has been implemented in other simulation software such as Netomac, Power factory and PSS/E. the RMS control Model is named by ABB as Common Component. The thesis aims at implementing an RMS control Model in an EMT (Electro Magnetic Transient Tools) simulation, carried out at the department of High Voltage Direct Current at ABB, Ludvika. The RMS control Model is a developed power system control and protection model which uses a simplified representation of areal time control system. When implemented, the RMS control model results are then compared with the detailed control representation implemented in PSCAD. The thesis is a result of ABB’s innovative ideas in implementing the RMS control model called Common Component into various other simulation tools of different compatibility that enables the control system to be exercised and exploited to its fullest. It also gives the prospect in developing the control system to ensure the electrical system is more efficient. The control system implemented in the EMT tool will enable developing better EMT models. The Common Component is developed but has not been implemented in PSCAD. There has been no reference to such work being carried out. Hence no reference has been referred to specific to the main work. Currently the EMT tool uses a detailed representation that shares the same code as the actual control system, MACHTM (Modular Advanced Control for HVDC) [9] control system. The implementation of Common Component in PSCAD requires an interface between them to pass the necessary parameters between them. The Common Component is developed in C++ and FORTRAN while PSCAD uses FORTRAN and hence proper interface in C++ is developed. Thereafter the electrical model representing one HVDC station (rectifier) is modelled in PSCAD. Four electrical models are implemented, described and evaluated to achieve proper control in the electrical system. The electrical models are operated in STATCOM (Static synchronous compensator) mode, where either reactive power or AC Voltage Control can be used. The model is run in reactive power control mode and the system is studied along with the control system for the required control. Model 4 gives more accurate results compared with the other models. There is better reactive power control in monitoring the PCC (point of common Coupling) and converter bus of the HVDC system. Since the Common Component is a simplified representation of the MACH [9] control system, it can behanded over to third parties without IP concerns. A simplified representation also gives the advantage of reduced simulation time. The electrical model can be further extended for both the converter stations and assessed for other control modes such as real power, dc voltage control and ac voltage control. Also the model needs to be further investigated on its behavior when subjected to faults.Utveckling är kontinuerlig och det betyder att även utvecklingen av halvledare är oändlig. Det har lett till att en Voltage Source Converter (VSC) baserad High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) omvandlare som kallas HVDC Light har skapats. HVDC light är att föredra på grund av dess fördelar i den teknik som används samt applikationerna den används för. Till exempel så tillåter VSC tekniken oberoende kontroll av den verkliga och reaktiva effekten och har minskat kortslutningsströmen. HVDC Light används i applikationer så som vindkraftintegration, offshore strömförsörjning, markkabelöverföring och för att förbättra anslutna växelströmsnät. Styrsystemet i HVDC säkerställer stabiliteten i systemet och kraftflödet mellan AC- och DC-system. Detta görs genom att bestämma det ögonblick då IGBT tänds i strömriktarstationerna (både likriktare och växelriktare). ABB har utvecklat ett RMS (med sekvenskomponenter och fasvektorer) styrsystem baserat på det faktiska styrsystemet i ett helt grafiskt programmeringsverktyg som kallas Hidraw. Denna RMS-kontroll har implementerats i andra simuleringsprogram såsom Netomac, Powerfactory och PSS/E. ABB kallar sin RMS-kontroll för Common Component. Avhandlingen syftar till att implementera en RMS-styrsystemsmodell i en EMT (Electro Magnetic Transient Tools) simulering som utförs vid institutionen för högspänd likström vid ABB, Ludvika. RMS-styrsystemsmodellen är ett befintligt utvecklat styr- och skyddssystem som använder en förenklad representation av det verkliga styrsystemet. När det implementerats jämförs resultaten från RMS-modelen med detaljerade styrsystemsrepresentationer som genomförts i PSCAD. Avhandlingen är ett resultat av ABBs innovativa idéer att implementera Common Component i olika simuleringsverktyg, trots deras olikheter, vilket gör det möjligt att prova och utvärdera styrsystemet maximalt. Det ger också utvecklingspotential för effektiviteten i kraftnäten. Att implementera styrsystemet i ett EMT-verktyg ger även bättre kunskap om att utveckla bättre EMT modeller. Common Component är redan utvecklad men har inte blivit implementerad i PSCAD. Det finns inga referenser till att något sådant arbete har utförts. Därför har inga sådana referenser tagits upp i rapporten. För närvarande så använder EMT verktyget en detaljerad styrsystemsrepresentation som delar samma kodbas som det verkliga styrsystemet, MACHTM (Modular Advanced Control for HVDC) [9]. Implemeteringen av Common Component i PSCAD kräver att gränssnitt mellan de båda kan överföra nödvändiga parametrar. Common Component är utvecklat i C++ och FORTRAN, PSCAD använder FORTRAN. För att kommunikationen mellan de två verktygen ska fungera har ett gränssnitt utvecklats i C++. Den elektriska modell som representerar en HVDC station (likriktaren) har tagits fram i PSCAD. Totalt har fyra olika elektriska modeller implementerats, beskrivits och utvärderats för att hitta en optimal representation. Implemeteringen av Common Component i PSCAD kräver att gränssnitt mellan de båda kan överföra nödvändiga parametrar. Common Component är utvecklat i C++ och FORTRAN, PSCAD använder FORTRAN. För att kommunikationen mellan de två verktygen ska fungera har ett gränssnitt utvecklats i C++. Den elektriska modell som representerar en HVDC station (likriktaren) har tagits fram i PSCAD. Totalt har fyra olika elektriska modeller implementerats, beskrivits och utvärderats för att hitta en optimal representation.
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Rodrigues, Francisco de Assis. "(In) eficacia do modelo brasileiro de festão de recursos hidricos : a experiencia da RMSP." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286785.
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Orientador: Hildebrando HerrmannTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O modelo brasileiro de gestão de recursos hídricos tem sido apresentado aos usuários de água como uma panacéia. Ou seja: como solução para todos problemas relacionados a água, que já afetam o país de norte a sul. Já se passou mais de uma década desde a implantação deste modelo na RMSP e infelizmente a melhoria na qualidade das águas disponíveis, nem de longe foi alcançada neste período. Nos últimos 15 anos, interlocutores de setores da sociedade civil, do estado, da indústria e do mercado vêm se dedicando ao desenvolvimento e implementação dos instrumentos de gestão preconizados pela norma, porém ainda não foram equacionados os graves problemas que a relativa escassez de água acarreta periodicamente à metrópole paulistana. O presente trabalho analisa uma parte substancial desses instrumentos, bem como as proposituras dos atores acima mencionados e já transformadas em normas, relatórios e projetos para esta região. Concomitantemente a esta análise, resgatam-se referenciais teóricos das últimas décadas do século passado, no intuito de mostrar que, tanto a visão norteadora dos modelos de gestão atuais está abrigada nestes referenciais, quanto os diagnósticos que eles produziram, em pouco se diferenciam daqueles apresentados agora, em relação aos recursos naturais e em particular as águas. Apresenta exemplos de experiências no setor de gestão de águas, vividas por países como França, Alemanha, Inglaterra/País de Gales, Holanda, México, Estados Unidos e Brasil, onde, embora as características fisiográficas sejam muito diferentes, o emprego dos instrumentos de gestão de recursos hídricos busca os mesmos objetivos - ou seja, melhorar e manter a qualidade da água de modo a atender as demandas pelo recurso. Depois de apresentar essas experiências e de mostrar que os fundamentos do modelo de gestão encontram-se abrigados na produção intelectual do fim do século passado, analisa as normas e as iniciativas brasileiras no setor. Análise esta que leva o autor a concluir que os agentes responsáveis pela implementação do modelo brasileiro, têm sido muito eficientes na montagem e/ou adaptação das instituições do setor. No entanto, os resultados até agora obtidos, em matéria de controle sobre a qualidade e a quantidade da água, apenas demonstram quão baixa é a eficácia do modelo.
Abstract: The new Brazilian model of water management has been presented to the public opinion as a new panacea. It is intended to be the solution to all problems associated with water from North to South of the Country. Meanwhile, after more than a decade of applying this model to the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo City the results are poor since we can not say that there no improvement in the quality of available water. Legally, the Brazilian Water Management Model was created 15 years ago, but to be applied in practice it depends on a series of complementary regulations. Over the last years, professionals and academics from the society, State, industry and market have joined forces to put pressure on government to implement these regulations. Even with the application of these complementary regulations, the model has been unable in solving the problem of water scarcity in the city of São Paulo. The present thesis analyzes a significant part of these water managerial instruments (created regulations) as well as proposals from society, Government and market that are already in practice in the form of reports and projects. At the same time of this analysis, this study brings the theoretical referential of the last three decades of last century with the objective of showing that the way of thinking of the last decades is the very same one present in the current water policy. This work presents some examples of experiences in the sector of water management from countries like France, Germany, United Kingdom, Holland, Mexico, United States and Brazil. Although these countries have different physiographic features, they have a common focus: keep on or even improve the water quality in order to keep the supply of this resource to society. After the presentation of these experiences and showing that the fundaments of the current water policy comes from the 20th century, this work analyzes some topics the water Law as well as some Brazilian initiatives for this strategic sector. The author concludes that public agents responsible for implementing the Brazilian model have been efficient in the elaboration reports and creation and/or adaptation of institutions of this sector. But, as yet, the results are poor in terms of improving the quality and quantity of water, and this demonstrates the inefficiency of the current model.
Doutorado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Doutor em Ciências
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Leal, Greisse Quintino. "Políticas públicas de esgotamento sanitário no território da região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-03052018-112920/.
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Esta pesquisa de Geografia Urbana é um diagnóstico do Esgotamento Sanitário na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). Objetivou-se apresentar as Políticas Públicas (PPs) de Saneamento Básico, as Instituições do Saneamento Básico e a infraestrutura existente nos municípios metropolitanos a fim de evidenciar, com detalhe, o quadro de degradação hídrica urbana e seus motivos. A tese é de que as PPs são capazes de promover mudanças no território quando cumprido o processo de implementação das mesmas pelas instituições do Saneamento Básico. A relação entre as instituições apresenta conflitos, sobreposições de poder e lacunas que promovem o esvaziamento parcial das PPs. O policy cycle de Frey (2000) e os 3 Es (Eficácia, Eficiência e Efetividade) de Arretche (1998) são o fundamento teórico para identificar os rebatimentos territoriais produzidos pelas PPs. Com esta investigação obteve-se os seguintes resultados: existe uma fragilidade institucional na esfera dos municípios que precisa ser combatida, pois o ente municipal está desterritorializado dos sistemas sanitários dentro de seus limites administrativos; a participação popular junto às decisões sobre o Saneamento Básico é diminuta e que urge sensibilizar as populações sobre esta questão urbana e política; a gestão do esgotamento sanitário apresenta falhas e torna as PPs morosas e ineficazes. Este conjunto de pontos instáveis em todos os níveis administrativos desabilitam a efetividade das Políticas Públicas de Saneamento Básico na RMSP, em especial no que se refere ao esgotamento sanitário. O setor é complexo e exige uma série de reformulações quanto à execução das PPs e a atuação das instituições do Saneamento Básico.This research of Urban Geography is a diagnosis of Sanitary Sewage in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP). The objective was to present the Public Policies (PPs) of Basic Sanitation, the Institutions of Basic Sanitation and the existing infrastructure in the metropolitan municipalities in order to evidence, in detail, the urban water degradation framework and its reasons. The thesis is that PPs are able to promote changes in the territory when the implementation process of the same by the Basic Sanitation institutions is completed. The relation between institutions presents conflicts, power overlaps and loopholes that promote the partial emptying of PPs. The Frey (2000) policy cycle and the 3 Es (Efficicacious, Efficiency and Effectiveness) of Arretche (1998) are the theoretical basis for identifying the territorial results produced by the PPs. With this investigation the following results were obtained: there is an institutional fragility in the sphere of municipalities that needs to be combated, since the municipal entity is deterritorialized of sanitary systems within its administrative limits; the popular participation in the decisions on Basic Sanitation is small and it is urgent to raise the awareness of the population about this urban and political issue; the management of sanitary sewage presents flaws and makes PPs sluggish and ineffective. This set of unstable points at all administrative levels disables the effectiveness of the Public Policies of Basic Sanitation in the RMSP, especially with regard to sanitary sewage. The sector is complex and requires a series of reformulations regarding the execution of PPs and the actions of the Basic Sanitation institutions.
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Yu, Adam Christopher. "Neuroinflammatory conditions modulate ARNT2 and RME-8 expression within the CNS." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58643.
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Microglia are the primary immune cells found within the central nervous system (CNS), playing a vital role in neuronal function, trophic support and also modulating immune or inflammatory responses to pathogens or damage during disease. Microglia are essential to repair processes influencing axonal health and remyelination. However, the study of microglia is limited as significant yields of microglia through tissue culture are difficult to obtain. We show that the addition of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) during the culture of embryonic microglia yields significantly greater cell numbers. GM-CSF cultured microglia exhibit a non-differentiated phenotype similar to in vivo microglia and represent a useful model for disease and reparative processes in the CNS. Using our primary microglial model, we investigated two proteins, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) and receptor-mediated endocytosis – 8 (RME-8). ARNT2, a transcription factor for several proteins but most notably for the neuronal growth factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), has been primarily studied in neurons. Our studies show regulation of ARNT2 in astrocytes and immune cells (microglia and splenocytes) under inflammatory conditions. In the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, splenocytes exhibited lower ARNT2 expression than those from healthy controls. Lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ increased otherwise low ARNT2 expression in microglia.
RME-8 is a protein that is important in endosomal trafficking. Mutations in RME-8 have been linked to Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor. However, RME-8 has yet to be characterized within the CNS. Motor neurons, astrocytes and ependymal cells expressed RME-8 in healthy control mice; RME-8 was increased and co-localized with CD68 positive cells in immune infiltrates in EAE mice. Our results show the uptake of dextran in RME-8 mutant knock-in microglia is decreased, indicating the importance of this protein in phagocytic processes. These results show that microglia can be effectively cultured from embryonic tissue with the addition of GM-CSF in comparison to previously established protocols and are similar to microglia in vivo. Furthermore, inflammatory mediators influence expression of ARNT2 and RME-8 and may highlight roles for each in neuroprotection or phagocytic function respectively, thereby influencing inflammatory neurodegenerative or reparative processes relevant to several diseases in the CNS.Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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Davidge, Kelly S. "Effects of Carbon Monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) on Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515442.
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Sawle, Philip John. "Biochemical properties and bioactivities of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445046/.
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Carbon monoxide (CO), synonymous of the "silent killer", is rapidly emerging as an important and versatile mediator of physiological processes. The study of CO has been hampered by the lack of a means to simulate its release biologically. Current means to replicate the effects of CO include, most notably, the use of CO gas and upregulation of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to generate endogenous CO. Both are limited in their approach and offer only a partial solution. The recent discovery that certain transition metal carbonyls function as CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) in biological systems highlighted the potential of exploiting this and similar classes of compounds as a stratagem to deliver CO for research and therapeutic purposes. Initially a large portfolio of CO-RMs was investigated to determine their CO releasing capability. This thesis examines a number of aspects related to the characterisation of a core group of CO-RMs including: a) CORM-3, the prototypic water soluble transition metal carbonyl b) CORM-A1, a water soluble CO-RM without a metal centre c) CORM-319, an iron based water soluble CO-RM and d) CORM-311, an ethanol soluble iron centred CO-RM. Specifically, the study will examine CO-RMs for their ability to: i) release CO ii) suppress LPS-induced nitrite production iii) promote toxicity iv) induce haem oxygenase (HO) activity and HO-1 expression and v) modulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. These different aspects of CO-RM characterisation were addressed using biochemical, molecular biology and cell culture techniques. Further work was also carried out determining certain chemical aspects of each CO-RM including the decomposition rate and pH/temperature stability. The study into the CO release of the new CO-RMs emphasizes the versatile potential of the metal carbonyl complexes and related compounds. This research on CO-RMs will help lay the foundations for a novel therapeutic agent based on the delivery of safe and controlled quantities of CO.
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Chalk, Christopher David. "Novel IC test methodologies : evaluation of AC RMS supply current monitoring." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244997.
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CARIJÉ, Anderson Andrade. "Cidades Metropolitanas: A cidade de Lauro de Freitas na RMS/BA." Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, 2007. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/19797.
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O objetivo central deste trabalho é analisar Lauro de Freitas como Cidade Metropolitana, suas relações com a Região Metropolitana de Salvador e sua especialização funcional, priorizando o aprofundamento na qualidade de vida de seus moradores. Para alcançar tal objetivo, resgatamos aspectos ligados à constituição do modelo de Região Metropolitana no Brasil, assim como o acompanhamento do atual modelo. Sob essa perspectiva, realizamos um aprofundamento sobre a qualidade de vida das Cidades Nordestinas com melhores índices de IDH. Analisamos, também, a Região Metropolitana de Salvador sob aspectos ligados à qualidade de vida dos seus moradores, assim como sua arrecadação tributária, renda municipal e emprego. No decorrer do trabalho, encontramos uma Cidade Metropolitana em pleno processo de urbanização, assim como qualquer outra cidade do país. Contudo, evidenciamos a constituição de uma especialização funcional do seu espaço. Essa especialização funcional tem incrementado, operativamente, três tipos de “negócios” específicos sobre seu espaço: condomínios horizontais voltados para as classes média e alta; comércio e serviços voltados à construção civil e jardinagem; e, por fim, o desenvolvimento de instituições de ensino superior. Essa especialização funcional vem corroborando para o desenvolvimento sócio-espacial da cidade e acreditamos que, se bem instrumentalizada, terá uma importante contribuição no desenvolvimento da cidade metropolitana de Lauro de Freitas.
ABSTRACT The main object of this work is to analyze Lauro de Freitas as a Metropolitan City, its relation with the metropolitan region of Salvador and its functional specialization, aiming the life quality of its residents. To reach this objective, rescuing aspects of a Metropolitan Region’s model constitution in Brazil, such as following the current model. According to it, it was performed deepening about life quality of northern cities with the best indices of IDH. It was also analyzed the metropolitan city of Salvador about aspects of the quality life of the residents, such as collection tax, municipal income and employment. During this work a Metropolitan City was found in a urbanization process as any other city of the country, however, it was evidenced a constitution of a functional specialization of this space. This functional specialization has developed three types of specific “business” about its space, such as: horizontal properties to the high and medium society, - commercial service, civil construction and gardening – and finally, the development of college institution. This functional specialization is increasing the city socio-spacial development, and we believe that it will have an import contribution to the development of the metropolitan city Lauro de Freitas.
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Haupt, Joachim. "Protein Binding Site Similarities as Driver for Drug Repositioning." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-144517.
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Drug repositioning applies existing drugs to new disease indications. A prerequisite for drug repurposing is drug promiscuity - a drug's ability to bind to several targets, possibly leading to side effects on the other hand. One reason for drug promiscuity is binding site similarity between (otherwise unrelated) proteins. In this thesis, a new algorithm for remote binding site similarity assessment and its application to the whole of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) is presented, forming the base for off-target identification and drug repositioning.
The present thesis contributes to a long-standing debate on the reasons for drug promiscuity, being one of the pioneer studies investigating these from a protein structural point of view. Except for a small influence of flexibility, the analysis of all promiscuous drugs in the PDB revealed that drug properties are of minor importance. However, a strong correlation between promiscuity and binding site similarity of protein targets is found (r = 0.81), suggesting binding site similarity as the main reason for drug promiscuity. For 71 % of the promiscuous drugs at least one pair of their targets' binding sites is similar and for 18 % all are similar. In order to overcome issues in detection of remotely similar binding sites, a score for binding site similarity is developed: LigandRMSD measures the similarity of the aligned ligands and uncovers remote local similarities in proteins. It can be applied to arbitrary binding site alignments and also works on distinct ligands on a structural proteome scale.
To answer the question on which other targets might be hit when targeting a particular protein, an all-to-all binding site alignment of 32,202 protein structures is analyzed. Of the hundreds of million possible protein pairs, 0.27 % were found to have similar binding sites. Extrapolating to the human proteome, for one human protein are 54 proteins with a similar binding site expected on average. Clearly, this is in contrast to the one drug-one target paradigm in drug development. Based on these data, disadvantageous off-targets can be uncovered and drug-repositioning candidates inferred. The enormous potential is demonstrated with the example of Viagra, proposing it for repositioning to Alzheimer's disease and prostate cancer.
The findings in this thesis question the established single-target dogma in drug discovery. Drugs are triggered to modulate multiple targets simultaneously by the widespread binding site similarity. With the presented pipeline, drug targets can be reliably predicted: Starting from a target protein, additional targets are predicted based on binding site similarity and prioritized according to the resulting ligand structural overlap. Identifying drug targets helps to understand severe side effects and opens the door for drug repositioning.
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Fauzan, Ahmad. "Applying realistic mathematics education (RME) in teaching geometry in Indonesian primary schools." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2002. http://doc.utwente.nl/58707.
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Whitley, Michael Aaron. "Using statistical learning to predict survival of passengers on the RMS Titanic." Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20541.
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Master of ScienceStatistics
Christopher Vahl
When exploring data, predictive analytics techniques have proven to be effective. In this report, the efficiency of several predictive analytics methods are explored. During the time of this study, Kaggle.com, a data science competition website, had the predictive modeling competition, "Titanic: Machine Learning from Disaster" available. This competition posed a classification problem to build a predictive model to predict the survival of passengers on the RMS Titanic. The focus of our approach was on applying a traditional classification and regression tree algorithm. The algorithm is greedy and can over fit the training data, which consequently can yield non-optimal prediction accuracy. In efforts to correct such issues with using the classification and regression tree algorithm, we have implemented cost complexity pruning and ensemble methods such as bagging and random forests. However, no improvement was observed here which may be an artifact associated with the Titanic data and may not be representative of those methods’ performances. The decision trees and prediction accuracy of each method are presented and compared. Results indicate that the predictors sex/title, fare price, age, and passenger class are the most important variables in predicting survival of the passengers.
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Britto, Elissandra Alves de. "A dinâmica do novo mundo rural e o seu reflexo na RMS." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2004. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/8891.
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A dinâmica do novo mundo rural e o seu reflexo na RMS? (Região Metropolitana de Salvador) é um trabalho que tem como propósito analisar o papel da agricultura familiar e a contribuição da reforma agrária para o processo de desenvolvimento rural sustentável no mundo rural baiano. Essas abordagens são elucidadas na perspectiva de que os centros urbanos baianos possam se tornar vítimas do processo de esvaziamento da zona rural. Nesse aspecto, ao longo do trabalho é dado enfoque sobre os impactos sociais decorrentes do desemprego da mão-de-obra agrícola baiana e do conseqüente êxodo rural. O objetivo ao elaborá-lo foi verificar se o desenvolvimento rural incentiva as pessoas a permanecerem no campo, possibilitando a redução do fluxo de migrantes que muitas vezes vão habitar as periferias e as favelas. Observa-se nas pesquisas realizadas por Machado, Schmitz e Paula que as ocupações não-agrícolas têm-se tornado cada vez mais presentes na zona rural. Ao mostrar por meio de estudos reais que a composição da renda rural vem mudando consideravelmente, busca-se ressaltar a importância dessas atividades para a redução do fluxo migratório que vêem para as grandes cidades. Esse processo dá fôlego aos centros urbanos para que resolvam ou pelo menos amenizem o problema do subemprego acumulado. Para tanto, tem-se como objeto de estudo a estrutura e a formação de renda de famílias pluriativas, afim de revelar os principais tipos de atividades que empregam e/ ou ocupam as diversas unidades de trabalho familiar (UTf), bem como suas respectivas rendas. De posse dessas informações, utiliza-se a metodologia análise-diagnóstico de sistemas agrários, que vem sendo adotada desde 1995 pelo Projeto de Cooperação Técnica firmado entre o Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária e a Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação. Ela consiste num instrumento de apoio dos profissionais que atuam na elaboração de diagnósticos para diferentes microrregiões de um país. Através destes, identificam-se os principais problemas que as famílias rurais enfrentam, e se estabelecem diretrizes para o desenvolvimento rural local mais coerentes com a necessidade de cada região.
Salvador
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Volpe, Larissa Lucciane. "Análise da paisagem no entorno dos eixos viários: o exemplo do Rodoanel Mario Covas na RMSP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-03022010-094215/.
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A construção de uma rodovia pode interferir na dinâmica urbana, transformando a paisagem em seu entorno, e isto pode ocorrer devido a diversos fatores como instalações de empreendimentos, novas ocupações residenciais, mudanças na dinâmica e na fisionomia das áreas já ocupadas. Neste trabalho, o objetivo do estudo da paisagem urbana ao longo de um eixo viário, que tem como função interligar outras rodovias, é analisar de que forma ocorrem as alterações na paisagem urbana e sua abrangência. O estudo das transformações da paisagem urbana no entorno do eixo viário Rodoanel trecho oeste nos bairros de Perus e Jaraguá na cidade de São Paulo foi trabalhada por meio de levantamento de dados de diversas fontes e utilização de geotecnologias. As geotecnologias unidas às informações provenientes de documentos e trabalhos de campo, auxiliaram na organização, gerenciamento e quantificação dos dados. Os resultados obtidos foram organizados nos mapas temáticos de área construída, área verde densa, gramínea e árvores esparsas, área de solo exposto e galpões. Estes mapas temáticos permitiram uma caracterização de um cenário no entorno do trecho oeste do Rodoanel Mario Covas nos bairros Perus e Jaraguá, com as alterações ocorridas desde o ano de 1994 até 2002, isto é, uma análise temporal. Para alcançar estes resultados foi trabalhado em ambiente SIG dois tipos de classificação digital, a analógica e a automática, sendo o método analógico realizado na imagem IKONOS e também nas fotografias aéreas; e o método automático realizado apenas na imagem de alta resolução IKONOS. Foram comparados os dois métodos e observado que a classificação analógica foi mais adequada para a realização da análise multitemporal por ter sido realizada da mesma forma nas duas fontes, nas fotos aéreas de 1994 e na imagem IKONOS de 2002; e também permitiu uma melhor visualização nos mapas temáticos por considerar áreas maiores que a classificação automática. Com a análise temporal foi possível concluir que, do ano de 1994 ao ano de 2002, a área verde densa aumentou, a área de gramínea e árvores esparsas diminuiu, a área de solo exposto diminuiu, a área construída aumentou e a área de galpões de 1984 a 2002 também aumentou. As imagens aéreas de 1994 e 2002 também foram comparadas com os trabalhos de campo realizados nos anos de 2006, 2007, 2008 e 2009, onde foi possível observar as transformações ocorridas neste período. Nesta análise, os resultados foram divididos em alterações positivas, neutras e negativas, como sugere relatório desenvolvido pela empresa responsável pela construção do trecho oeste do Rodoanel Mario Covas, e de acordo com as observações realizadas em campo e no âmbito bibliográfico. Concluiu-se aproximadamente 48% de alterações consideradas negativas, 41% positivas e 12% neutras na área de estudo.The construction of a highway may interfere on the urban dynamics and transform the landscape in its surroundings and this might occur due to several factors as installations of new undertakings, new residential constructions, changes on the dynamics and appearance in already occupied areas. In this work, the objective in the study of the urban landscape on the surroundings of a expressway axle, that have the function to link other highways, is to analyze in which way the landscape changes occur and its range. The transformations study of the urban landscape on the surroundings of the Mario Covas Expressway, east part, on the districts of Perus and Jaraguá, was developed through the gathering of data from several sources and the use of geotechnologies. The geotechnologies united to the data from documents and field works, aided the organization, managing and quantification of the data. The results obtained were organized on thematic maps of the built area, dense green area, grass and sparse trees, exposed soil and warehouses. These thematic maps allowed a characterization of the surroundings scenario of the East part of the Mario Covas Expressway on the São Paulo districts of Perus an Jaraguá, with a temporal analysis of the changes that took place from the year of 1994 through 2002. To reach these results two types of digital classification were worked over a GIS environment: the analogic and the automatic, being the analogical method constructed over the IKONOS imagery and also over aerial photographs; and the automatic method constructed exclusively over the IKONOS high resolution imagery. The two methods were compared and observed that the analogic classification was more suited to the multitemporal analysis due to the use of the same methods on both sources, on 1994 aerial imagery and 2002 high resolution imagery; and also allowed a better visualization on the thematic maps for considering larger regions than the automatic classification. With the multitemporal analysis was possible to conclude that, from 1994 through 2002 year, the dense green area increased, the grass and sparse tree area decreased, the exposed soil area decreased, the constructed area increased and warehouses area, from 1984 to 2002 also increased. The aerial images from 1994 and 2002 also were compared with the field work developed on 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, where was possible to observe the transformations that took place throughout this period. In this analysis, the results was divided in positive, neutral and negative alterations, as suggests report developed by the responsible company for the construction of the East part of the Mario Covas Expressway and according to the observations carried out on the field and over the bibliography extent. The conclusion is that approximately 48% of the transformations are considered negative, 41% positive and 12% neutral over the study area.
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Pomar, Kenri. "Visualization and Quantification of Karst and Fractures in Cretaceous Carbonates, Cassis, France." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/76.
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Fractures in carbonate strata are often associated with dissolution features such as karst cavities along the fracture plane. Integration of full resolution 3D GPR data and outcrop observation allows the visualization and quantification of fractures and karst cavites in three dimensions. Three 3D GPR cubes were acquired in the Solvay quarry, Provence region, SE France. The quarry exposes an intensly fractured and karstified shallow-water Barremian carbonates with matrix porosity less than 1.8%. The quarry walls provide the 2D information of the fractures (location, type, orientation, dip, length, aperture, spacing and stratigraphic position) and the karst (location, size, shape, stratigraphic position and relationship with fractures), that were documented using 1D scan line measurement. Several deformation features are observed in the quarry, dominated by meter-scale joints and tension gashes, and also minor faults, burial and tectonic-related stylolites. Three major fracture orientations (E-W, NW-SE and N-S) were found in the quarry with a non-uniform distribution influenced by structural position relative to major structural features (eg: large fractures (>10m) and faults). Interpretation of 3D GPR data reveals one major fracture orientation (NE-SW) that was not observed in the outcrop because it is oriented parallel with the quarry wall. Besides fractures, karst were also documented in outcrop as well as in 3D GPR data. Combination between 3D GPR and outcrop observation show that in the Solvay quarry karst occur along fracture plane and preferentially at fracture intersections. The karst are decimeter to meter-size karst which are below the resolution of 3D seismic reflection. Quantification of karst in the quarry show that karst size-frequency distribution follows power-law distribution, where small karst is more common and large karst is less common. The volume of karst in the quarry is up to 3.8% of the total rock volume. The power-law scaling relationship and the quantification of the sub-seismic karst volume will help predicting karst arrays in wide range of sizes in subsurface reservoirs, where visualization of karst is restricted to the resolution of 3D seismic data.
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Carvalho, Carla Deguirmendjian Rosa. "Distribuição urbana de carga: um estudo com empresas que atuam na região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3148/tde-24042015-160903/.
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As externalidades negativas geradas pela distribuição urbana de cargas como congestionamentos, poluição e ruídos, são amplamente conhecidas e vivenciadas pela população que vive em grandes centros urbanos. Esses problemas têm sido agravados pelo crescimento da população urbana, pela crise no modelo de mobilidade adotado nas grandes cidades brasileiras e pelo aumento da complexidade do processo de distribuição urbana de carga. Nesse sentido, alguns atributos podem contribuir para a melhoria do desempenho logístico dos agentes participantes na distribuição de carga e outros podem dificultar a sua competitividade A investigação dos atributos de distribuição urbana de carga e dos papéis desses agentes são o ponto de partida deste estudo. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo identificar os atributos de distribuição urbana de carga, levando-se em conta os diferentes pontos de vista dos principais responsáveis pela distribuição de carga na RMSP e que atuam no mercado varejista: Embarcador, Operador Logístico, Transportador e Cliente. Para tanto, foi feita a análise do referencial teórico sobre o tema distribuição urbana de carga, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos de caso em Operadores logísticos que atuam na logística de distribuição de carga na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Foi também realizado um levantamento de dados com 119 prestadores de serviços logísticos, Operador logístico e Transportador, obtidas pela aplicação de questionário de pesquisa com esses agentes. Por meio das informações obtidas, verificou-se que os atributos relevantes e unânimes entre os prestadores de serviços logísticos, são: filas e local para carga e descarga, flexibilidade, restrição de circulação por tamanho de veículo, local regulamentado para estacionar veículos de carga, congestionamento e roubo de carga. Adicionalmente, o consumo sazonal e o comprometimento no recebimento são os problemas mais relevantes segundo os Operadores logísticos e Transportadores, respectivamente.The negative externalities generated by the urban distribution of cargo, such as traffic jams, pollution and noise, are widely known and experienced by the population living in large urban centers. These problems have been aggravated by the growth in urban population, by the crisis in the mobility model adopted in the large Brazilian cities and by the growth in complexity of the urban cargo distribution process. In this sense, some attributes may contribute to improving the logistic performance of the agents participating in the cargo distribution and others may hinder its competitiveness. The investigation into the urban cargo distribution attributes and of these agents roles is the starting point of this study. The present thesis aims to analyze the urban cargo distribution attributes, taking into account the different points of view of the major actors in the cargo distribution in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR) and acting in the retail market: Shipper, Logistic Operator, Carrier and Client. For this, an analysis of the theoretical referential was performed regarding the theme urban cargo distribution; two case studies were conducted with Logistic Operators acting in the cargo distribution logistics in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region and, lastly, the descriptive measures of the problems faced by Logistic Service Renderers, Logistic Operators and Carriers were analyzed, obtained from the application of a research questionnaire to these agents. From the information obtained, the relevant and unanimous attributes among the logistic service renderers were verified to be: lines and places for loading/ unloading, flexibility, circulation constraints as per the size of the vehicle, regulated place to stop cargo vehicles, traffic jam and cargo theft. Added to these attributes are seasonal consumption and product compromised at receipt, which are considered relevant by Logistic Operators and Carriers, respectively.