Academic literature on the topic 'RNA Abbau'

Abstract The mRNA export pathway is responsible for the transport of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and thus is essential for protein production and normal cellular functions. A partial loss of function allele of the mRNA export factor Nxt1 in Drosophila shows reduced viability and sterility. A previous study has shown that the male fertility defect is due to a defect in transcription and RNA stability, indicating the potential for this pathway to be implicated in processes beyond the known mRNA transport function. Here we investigate the reduced viability of Nxt1 partial loss of function mutants, and describe a defect in growth and maintenance of the larval muscles, leading to muscle degeneration. RNA-seq revealed reduced expression of a set of mRNAs, particularly from genes with long introns in Nxt1 mutant carcass. We detected differential expression of circRNA, and significantly fewer distinct circRNAs expressed in the mutants. Despite the widespread defects in gene expression, muscle degeneration was rescued by increased expression of the costamere component tn (abba) in muscles. This is the first report of a role for the RNA export pathway gene Nxt1 in the maintenance of muscle integrity. Our data also links the mRNA export pathway to a specific role in the expression of mRNA and circRNA from common precursor genes, in vivo.

Moctezuma, Aztec ruler was the last of four big temporary exhibitions about ‘world rulers’ that the British Museum has put on in the past three years. Moctezuma was the king who received Cortés and the Conquistadores in 1519 and was killed the next year in their custody. The previous three exhibitions were on the First Emperor of China, the Roman Emperor, Hadrian, and Shah ‘Abbas, respectively. Hadrian and The First Emperor were archaeological (James 2008a, 2008c). So was Moctezuma. It ran from September 2009 to January 2010.Kingship is evidently in vogue among London’s galleries. During The First Emperor’s showing, Tutankhamun entertained on the other side of the river (James 2008b); and the Victoria & Albert Museum mounted Maharaja during Moctezuma’s run. There are good reasons for thinking about kings in any society, regardless of political constitution, because, in their coronations, their deeds and their deaths or funerals, they are ‘collective representations’. Whether as heroes or as scapegoats, democracies tend to promote ‘celebrities’ by the same token and, as well as governing, perhaps monarchs, ancient or contemporary, served and serve that function too. Historians, sociologists and anthropologists have tackled these themes through comparison and so have archaeologists, with epigraphy, iconography and the excavation of palaces and tombs (Blanton et al. 1996; Quigley 2005).

<p>The purpose of this study was to describe the legal status of the guardian of marriage for the father of the incest against the biological child. This study is limited to a review of four schools and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). This study is a library research, which is to examine several basic and secondary references to discuss the subject matter of the study. The results of this study state that guardian marriage is one of the pillars of marriage and there is no marriage if there is no guardian. A marriage is considered invalid if there is no guardian who allows the bride to leave the bridegroom. Thus the presence of guardians in marriage can play a role in protecting women from possible disadvantages in their marital life. As for the marriage guardian, it is regulated in Article 19 to Article 23 Compilation of Islamic Law. Imam Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hambali argue that guardians are a legitimate condition of a marriage, while Imam Abu Hanifah argues that a woman may marry herself without a guardian. The legal basis of the opinions of Imam Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hambali are several hadiths. The opinion of Imam Abu Hanifah based on the hadith of the Prophet narrated by Bukhari and Muslim from Ibn Abbas r.a.</p>

In a 2002 lecture at Home Works, Beirut’s contemporary art festival, writer and cultural critic Abbas Beydoun claimed that Lebanon’s internationalism had led to derivative cultural production. The well known critic’s comments evoked an angry outburst from members of his predominantly Lebanese audience of young artists and cultural workers. To varying degrees, however, this characterization of Beiruti culture repeats and prefigures descriptions of the city as a meeting point between East and West. Indeed, Beirut’s reputation as a multi-linguistic and cross-cultural Mediterranean port is traced to the latter half of the nineteenth century when the city became the capital of an Ottoman province and followed as a regional center for missionary, political, and cultural activities. Moreover, Beydoun’s characterization did not always carry such a negative connotation. This paper begins to trace the ways in which the visual arts is a field for producing, rather than reflecting, Beirut’s cosmopolitanism. To do so, I look at two historical moments pivotal in the institutionalization of the visual arts. The first is that of Daoud Corm (1852-1930), the city’s first professional easel painter whose career ran from the Ottoman period through the French Mandate (1920-1943). The second is the decades of the 1960s and 70s, the city’s heyday as a regional cultural capital when a number of artists and activists established a gallery system, further expanding the private sector’s consumption of painting and sculpture.

IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL CHIEF EDITOR Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia TECHNICAL EDITOR Erry Yulian Triblas Adesta, IIUM, Malaysia EXECUTIVE EDITOR AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia ASSOCIATE EDITOR Anis Nurashikin Nordin, IIUM, Malaysia LANGUAGE EDITOR Lynn Mason, Malaysia COPY EDITOR Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, IIUM, Malaysia EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, Malaysia Abdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, Malaysia Amir Akramin Shafie, IIUM, Malaysia Erwin Sulaeman, IIUM, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia Hazleen Anuar, IIUM, Malaysia Konstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, Canada Ma'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, Malaysia Md Zahangir Alam, IIUM, Malaysia Meftah Hrairi, IIUM, Malaysia Mohamed B. Trabia, United States Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States Muataz Hazza Faizi Al Hazza, IIUM, Malaysia Mustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, Singapore Nor Farahidah Binti Za'bah, IIUM, Malaysia Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States Rosminazuin AB. Rahim, IIUM, Malaysia Waqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUMENGINEERING JOURNAL The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually, is a carefully refereed international publication of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). 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Published by: IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone (+603) 6196-5014, Fax: (+603) 6196-6298 Website: http://iiumpress.iium.edu.my/bookshop Whilst every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement. IIUM Engineering Journal ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860 Volume 19, Issue 1, June 2018 https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i1 Table of Content CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS AND RESIDUAL OIL FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING A NOVEL ADSORBENT OF ALGINATE AND MANGROVE COMPOSITE BEADS COATED WITH CHITOSAN IN A PACKED BED COLUMN... 1 Rana Jaafar Jawad, Mohd Halim Shah Ismail, Shamsul Izhar Siajam INVESTIGATION OF BIOFLOCCULANT AS DEWATERING AID IN SLUDGE TREATMENT........................................ 15 Mohammed Saedi Jami, Maizirwan Mel, Aysha Ralliya Mohd Ariff, Qabas Marwan Abdulazeez HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM ETHANOL DRY REFORMING OVER LANTHANIA-PROMOTED CO/AL2O3 CATALYST............................. 24 Fahim Fayaz, Nguyen Thi Anh Nga, Thong Le Minh Pham, Huong Thi Danh, Bawadi Abdullah, Herma Dina Setiabudi, Dai-Viet Nguyen Vo OPTIMIZATION OF RED PIGMENT PRODUCTION BY MONASCUS PURPUREUS FTC 5356 USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY......................................................... 34 Nor Farhana Hamid And Farhan Mohd Said PRODUCTION AND STABILITY OF MYCO-FLOCCULANTS FROM LENTINUS SQUARROSULUS RWF5 AND SIMPLICILLIUM OBCLAVATUM RWF6 FOR REDUCTION OF WATER TURBIDITY.............................................................................. 48 Nessa Jebun, Md. Zahangir Alam, Abdullah Al-Mamun, Raha Ahmad Raus ROLE OF SUBSTRATE BINDING ON THE PROTEIN DYNAMICS OF AN ENDOGLUCANASE FROM FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES .............................................................307 Abdul Aziz Ahmad, Ibrahim Ali Noorbatcha, Hamzah Mohd. Salleh CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DIMINISHING SEISMIC EFFECT ON BUILDINGS USING BEARING ISOLATION....................................................... 59 A. B. M. Saiful Islam ELECTRICAL, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING A DISTRIBUTED ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR DATA AGGREGATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS.................................................................................. 72 Seyed Mohammad Bagher Musavi Shirazi, Maryam Sabet, Mohammad Reza Pajoohan POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT WITH CASCADED MULTILEVEL CONVERTER BASED STATCOM................. 91 Mahdi Heidari, Abdonnabi Kovsarian, S. Ghodratollah Seifossadat THE EFFECTS OF CABLE CHARACTERISTICS ON MAXIMUM OVERVOLTAGE IN COMBINED OVERHEAD/CABLE LINES PROTECTED BY SURGE ARRESTERS.............................................................................. 104 Reza Alizadeh, Mohammad Mirzaie SMART PORTABLE CRYOTHERAPY SYSTEM REPHRASED I.E. WITH CONTROLLED THERMOELECTRIC COOLING MODULES FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS................................................................................................ 117 Abbas Rahmani, Reza Hassanzadeh Pack Rezaee, Naser Kordani STATIC PIPELINE NETWORK PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION USING DUAL INTERLEAVE ROUTING ALGORITHM 129 Siva Kumar Subramaniam1, Shariq Mahmood Khan, Anhar Titik, Rajagopal Nilavalan A MODIFIED MODEL BASED ON FLOWER POLLINATION ALGORITHM AND K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR FOR DIAGNOSING DISEASES........................................................................ 144 Mehdi Zekriyapanah Gashti A SINGLE LC TANK BASED ACTIVE VOLTAGE BALANCING CIRCUIT FOR BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .158 A K M Ahasan Habib, S. M. A. Motakabber, Muhammad Ibn. Ibrahimy, A. H. M. Zahirul Alam ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS AND APPLIED SCIENCE ON THE CONTROL OF HEAT CONDUCTION.......................................... 168 Fayziev Yusuf Ergashevich MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING SAGO (METROXYLON SAGU) VIA AUTOCLAVING METHOD......178 Aliyah Jamaludin, Che Ku Mohammad Faizal EFFECT OF ALKALINE TREATMENT ON PROPERTIES OF RATTAN WASTE AND FABRICATED BINDERLESS PARTICLEBOARD....185 Zuraida Ahmad, Maisarah Tajuddin, Nurul Farhana Fatin Salim, Zahurin Halim AMORPHOUS STRUCTURE IN CU-ZN-V-AL OXIDE COMPOSITE CATALYST FOR METHANOL REFORMING..... 197 Mohd Sabri Mahmud, Zahira Yaakob, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, Vo Nguyen Dai Viet PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM) WITH NICKEL ADDED DIELECTRIC FLUID....215 Ahsan Ali Khan, Muataz Hazza Faizi Al Hazza, A K M Mohiuddin, Nurfatihah Abdul Fattah, Mohd Radzi Che Daud ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF DURIAN SKIN NANOFIBRE BIOCOMPOSITE.......................................... 233 Siti Nur E’zzati Mohd Apandi, Hazleen Anuar, Siti Munirah Salimah Abdul Rashid MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING A REVIEW ON RHEOLOGY OF NON-NEWTONIAN PROPERTIES OF BLOOD....................................................... 237 Esmaeel Fatahian, Naser Kordani, Hossein Fatahian NUMERICAL STUDY OF THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUEL OIL-ALUMINA AND WATER-.......................... 250 Hossein Fatahian, Hesamoddin Salarian, Majid Eshagh Nimvari, Esmaeel Fatahian A PARAMETRIC STUDY ON CONTROL OF FLOW SEPARATION OVER AN AIRFOIL IN INCOMPRESSIBLE REGIME....270 Lakshmanan Prabhu, Jonnalagadda Srinivas OPTIMIZATION OF BOX TYPE GIRDER WITH AND WITHOUT INDUSTRIAL CONSTRAINTS................................ 289 Muhammad Abid, Shahbaz Mahmood Khan, Hafiz Abdul Wajid

Background: Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathways enhances anti-leukemic responses in pre-clinical studies. PD1 inhibition alone had limited clinical activity in AML. CLTA4 inhibition demonstrated encouraging single-agent CR's in postASCT patients (pts), especially for extra-medullary (EMD) relapses (Davis M et al, NEJM 2016). AZA+Nivo up-regulated CTLA4 on bone marrow (BM) CD8 cells in both responders (R) and non-responders (NR) on treatment (Daver N, et al, Cancer Discovery 2019), suggesting a triplet of AZA+Nivo+Ipi may abrogate PD-1 mediated resistance. Methods: Pts were eligible for the AZA+Nivo (cohort 1, n=59) if they had R/R AML, ECOG ≤ 2, and adequate organ function. This cohort has completed enrollment. A cohort of AZA+Nivo+Ipi was opened (cohort 2), with the same eligibility criteria. Ipi 1mg/kg Q6 weeks was added to the established AZA+Nivo schedule and found to be safe in a lead-in dose cohort. Results: Cohort 1 (59 R/R AML) pts were treated with Aza+Nivo (Daver et al., Cancer Discovery 2019). CR/CRi and OS were superior to contemporary historic HMA-based clinical trial controls at MDACC (Table 1). Pts with low pretherapy BM blasts (&lt;20% BM blasts) and early salvage (salvage 1) had encouraging median (med) OS 11 months (mos), indicating progressive T-cell exhaustion with multiple relapses. Importantly, on 40-parametric CYTOF assessment, Rs to AZA+Nivo had a higher frequency of pre-therapy BMA CD3+ and CD8+ cells compared with NRs (optimal CD3+ cutoff 13.2%: ORR 56% versus 23%), suggesting pre-existing BM T-cell infiltration may be a pre-requisite of response to PD1 based therapies, as PD1 inhibitors have limited ability to mobilize peripheral T-cells (Fig 1A). The pre-therapy BM CD4 polyfunctional strength index (PSI) defined as percentage of polyfunctional cells in the sample, multiplied by the intensities of the secreted cytokines, assessed by single cell cytokine analysis was dramatically different between Rs and NRs (P=0.03). Single-cell RNA-seq on 113,394 BM cells collected longitudinally from 8 pts (3R, 2 stable disease (SD), 3NR) demonstrated that deletion 7/7q, LSC signature enrichment, and activated metabolic/oxidative pathways, were associated with resistance to AZA+Nivo (Abbas H et al, ASH 2020). Importantly, AZA+Nivo induced novel and expanded T cell clonotypes, almost exclusively in Rs. Cohort 2 (36 R/R AML) pts were treated with Aza+Nivo+Ipi, with med age 67 years (25-83), secondary AML (50%), ELN unfavorable cytogenetics (67%), TP53 (36%), med salvage 2 (range, 1-3), and prior HMA based therapies in 67%. All 36 pts are evaluable. Per ELN 2017, CR/CRi was noted in 7 (19%) and PR in 1 (3%). Five (14%) pts had durable stable disease (SD) (defined as absence of CR, CRi, PR; with SD on treatment for ≥6 months), and 23 (64%) were NRs (Table 1). Interestingly, 4 pts with EMD were enrolled and 3 had CR/PR [med DOR 8 (5-13) mos]. The 4- and 8-week mortalities were 0 and 6%, respectively. Grade 3/4 immune toxicities noted in 8 pts (19%), including rash, pneumonitis, colitis, pyrexia. One pt required ICU stay, but no deaths attributed to immune toxicity. Other grade ≥2 toxicities were as expected for R/R AML population and were mostly infections/febrile neutropenia. Converse to AZA+Nivo, on CYTOF, R did not have a higher frequency of pre-therapy BM CD8+ infiltration, but did have progressive BM CD8+ infiltration on therapy, compared with NRs, demonstrating that Ipi (unlike Nivo) may be able to mobilize peripheral T-cells to the BM (Fig 1B). Expansion of a cluster of antigen experienced CD8+ T cells was associated with response (Fig 1B). In all salvage the med OS with Aza+Ipi+Nivo versus Aza+Nivo versus contemporary HMA-controls in R/R AML, were 7.6, 5.9, and 4.6 mos, respectively (P=0.01) (Fig 1C). The 1-year OS in R/R AML pts with AZA+Nivo+Ipi was 25%. The med OS with Aza+Ipi+Nivo was comparable to med OS 6-8 mos reported with HMA+VEN salvage in numerous studies. Conclusion: The OS with Aza+Nivo+Ipi was modestly improved over AZA+Nivo and HMA-controls in R/R AML. Single-cell cytokine profiling and single-cell RNA-seq from Aza+Nivo showed striking pre- and on-treatment differences among R and NR not only in T-cell fitness and clonality, but also in the tumor microenvironment. Ipi may be uniquely able to mobilize peripheral T-cell to BM and EMD. This underappreciated immune diversity suggests a critical need for biomarker-based trials (as we are doing with molecular therapies) for immunotherapies in AML. Disclosures Daver: Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Trovagene: Research Funding; Fate Therapeutics: Research Funding; ImmunoGen: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Trillium: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Syndax: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; KITE: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Servier: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novimmune: Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Garcia-Manero:Merck: Research Funding; Onconova: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Helsinn Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; H3 Biomedicine: Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Acceleron Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amphivena Therapeutics: Research Funding; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Konopleva:Eli Lilly: Research Funding; Rafael Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Stemline Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Agios: Research Funding; Cellectis: Research Funding; Calithera: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Ascentage: Research Funding; Reata Pharmaceutical Inc.;: Patents & Royalties: patents and royalties with patent US 7,795,305 B2 on CDDO-compounds and combination therapies, licensed to Reata Pharmaceutical; Sanofi: Research Funding; Kisoji: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; F. Hoffmann La-Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ablynx: Research Funding; Forty-Seven: Consultancy, Research Funding. Kadia:Pulmotec: Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding; Cellenkos: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Genentech: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding; Cyclacel: Research Funding; JAZZ: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Research Funding; Ascentage: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding. DiNardo:AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria; Agios: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Calithera: Research Funding; Jazz: Honoraria; MedImmune: Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Syros: Honoraria; Notable Labs: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ImmuneOnc: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy. Borthakur:Abbvie: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; PTC Therapeutics: Research Funding; Curio Science LLC: Consultancy; FTC Therapeutics: Consultancy; Argenx: Consultancy; PTC Therapeutics: Consultancy; BioLine Rx: Consultancy; BioTherix: Consultancy; Nkarta Therapeutics: Consultancy; Treadwell Therapeutics: Consultancy; Oncoceutics: Research Funding; Xbiotech USA: Research Funding; Polaris: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; BioLine Rx: Research Funding; Cyclacel: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding; Jannsen: Research Funding. Pemmaraju:AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding; Stemline Therapeutics: Honoraria, Research Funding; DAVA Oncology: Honoraria; Incyte Corporation: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; SagerStrong Foundation: Other: Grant Support; Plexxikon: Research Funding; LFB Biotechnologies: Honoraria; Blueprint Medicines: Honoraria; Samus Therapeutics: Research Funding; Affymetrix: Other: Grant Support, Research Funding; Pacylex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; MustangBio: Honoraria; Roche Diagnostics: Honoraria; Cellectis: Research Funding. Jabbour:Takeda: Other: Advisory role, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Other: Advisory role, Research Funding; Pfizer: Other: Advisory role, Research Funding; BMS: Other: Advisory role, Research Funding; Amgen: Other: Advisory role, Research Funding; AbbVie: Other: Advisory role, Research Funding; Genentech: Other: Advisory role, Research Funding. Sasaki:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Otsuka: Honoraria; Pfizer Japan: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy. Yilmaz:Pint Pharma: Honoraria; Pfizer: Research Funding; Daicho Sankyo: Research Funding. Issa:Syndax: Research Funding; Celegene: Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Short:AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Amgen: Honoraria; Astellas: Research Funding; Takeda Oncology: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Andreeff:Amgen: Research Funding; Centre for Drug Research & Development; Cancer UK; NCI-CTEP; German Research Council; Leukemia Lymphoma Foundation (LLS); NCI-RDCRN (Rare Disease Clin Network); CLL Founcdation; BioLineRx; SentiBio; Aptose Biosciences, Inc: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi-Sankyo; Breast Cancer Research Foundation; CPRIT; NIH/NCI; Amgen; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo; Jazz Pharmaceuticals; Celgene; Amgen; AstraZeneca; 6 Dimensions Capital: Consultancy. Cortes:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sun Pharma: Research Funding; BioPath Holdings: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Telios: Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding; Amphivena Therapeutics: Research Funding; Arog: Research Funding; BiolineRx: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding; Immunogen: Research Funding; Merus: Research Funding. Ravandi:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Macrogenics: Research Funding; Orsenix: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Xencor: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Allison:BioAlta: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Apricity Health: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Achelois: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Codiak BioSciences: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Dragonfly Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Forty-Seven Inc.: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Hummingbird: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ImaginAB: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jounce Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties; Lava Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Lytix Biopharma: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Marker Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Polaris: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BioNTech: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Kantarjian:Cyclacel: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria; Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astex: Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz Pharma: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Research Funding; Actinium: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Immunogen: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Ariad: Research Funding. Sharma:Achelois: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Apricity Health: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BioAlta: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Codiak BioSciences: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Constellation: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Dragonfly Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Forty-Seven Inc.: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Hummingbird: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ImaginAb: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jounce Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties; Lava Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Lytix Biopharma: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Marker Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncolytics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Infinity Pharma: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BioNTech: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Glympse: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Polaris: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. OffLabel Disclosure: Nivolumab and Ipilimumab based combinations for AML, will be discussed. These agents do not have an on label indication for AML at this time.

The cabinet of Prime Minister Ahmad Qurai' was approved by the Palestinian Council 46-13, with 5 abstentions and 23 absent. Asterisks denote cabinet members who also served in the previous Abbas government (see Doc. B1 in JPS 128), though not necessarily in the same capacity. Of note, four of the six ““Independent”” PC members named to the cabinet ran as independents but are members of Fatah. The list was read over the Voice of Palestine in Arabic and was translated by World News Connection on 14 November.

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), a native fruit tree to China, is a popular edible fruit with medicinal properties (Badenes et al. 2013). A 2016-2019 field survey of ~13,000 loquat trees in two orchards in Chongqing and Fujian provinces showed about 5 to 10% root rot disease incidence. The disease symptoms included leaf yellowing, wilting, rotting of main root, and cracking of lateral roots, eventually leading to defoliation and death. To determine the causative agent, diseased roots from six trees were collected, washed in tap water, cut into 2-3 mm pieces, and disinfected for 3 min in 75% (v/v) EtOH. After rinsing in sterilized water, the root pieces were soaked in 10% NaClO (w/v) for 5-10 min, rinsed thrice in sterile water, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 7 days of incubation at 25°C, individual spores were collected from the fungal colonies and replated. Single spore cultures growing on PDA gave rise to woolly-cottony, cream-white colored aerial mycelium and a yellowish pigmented mycelium. The average colony growth rate was 8.6 mm day-1 (n=3). Microscopic observation of the mycelium revealed septate and hyaline hyphae and long cylindrical monophialides. Macroconidia were moderately curved, stout, 3-4 septate, measuring 20.79-48.70 μm × 4.16-10.14 μm (n=50). Microconidia produced from long phialides were kidney-shaped, 0-2 septate, and 5.72-17.28 μm × 2.29-6.51 μm (n=50) in size. The mycelial characteristics and reproductive structures of the isolates fit the morphological description of Fusarium sp. (Summerell et al. 2003). To confirm this identification, translation elongation factor (EF-1α) and RNA polymerase I beta subunit (RPB1) and RNA polymerase II beta subunit (RPB2) regions of the genome were PCR amplified from 3 separate isolates (R2, R4 and R5) using EF1/ EF2, RPB1-Fa/G2R, RPB2-5f2/7cR & RPB2-7cF/11aR primer pairs (O’Donnell et al. 2010) and sequenced. BLASTn comparison of the EF-1α (MT976167), RPB1 (MT967271) and RPB2 (MW233052) regions from isolate R4 showed 99% identity with the EF-1α (GU170620, 675/676 bp), RPB1 (KC808270, 1543/1545 bp) and RPB2 (MK4419902, 1637/1638 bp) sequences of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) in GenBank database. The same species level identification was also found using FUSARIUM-ID and FUSARIUM-MLDT databases. Two-year-old seedlings (n=3) of two different cultivars, ‘Hunanzaoshu’ and ‘Huabai No. 1’, growing in pots indoors at 25-27 °C were inoculated by drenching the soil with a conidial suspension of isolate R4 (40 mL, 106 conidia mL-1 obtained from 6-10 day old cultures). Control plants (n=3) were inoculated with sterilized water. At 20 days after inoculation (DAI) the leaves of inoculated plants became chlorotic and wilted, defoliated over time, and by 53 DAI 91.67% of plants died. The taproot and lateral roots of inoculated plants appeared brown to black in color and most lateral roots died and decomposed at 53 DAI, whereas the control plant roots remained healthy. All control plants remained symptomless. Based on morphological and molecular characters (TEF-1, RPB1 and RPB2), the re-isolated pathogen from diseased plants was identical to the R4 isolate used for inoculation and the disease assays were repeated thrice. FSSC was recently reported to cause fruit rot disease on loquat in Pakistan (Abbas et al. 2017). Identifying Fusarium solani species complex as a disease agent in Chinese loquat will assist in future development of improved germplasm for this important worldwide tree crop.

One of the central themes of biology is to understand how individual cells achieve a high fidelity in gene expression. Each cell needs to ensure accurate protein levels for its proper functioning and its capability to proliferate. Therefore, complex regulatory mechanisms have evolved in order to render the expression of each gene dependent on the expression level of (all) other genes. Regulation can occur at different stages within the framework of the central dogma of molecular biology. One very effective and relatively direct mechanism concerns the regulation of the stability of mRNAs. All organisms have evolved diverse and powerful mechanisms to achieve this. In order to better comprehend the regulation in living cells, biochemists have studied specific degradation mechanisms in detail. In addition to that, modern high-throughput techniques allow to obtain quantitative data on a global scale by parallel analysis of the decay patterns of many different mRNAs from different genes. In previous studies, the interpretation of these mRNA decay experiments relied on a simple theoretical description based on an exponential decay. However, this does not account for the complexity of the responsible mechanisms and, as a consequence, the exponential decay is often not in agreement with the experimental decay patterns. We have developed an improved and more general theory of mRNA degradation which provides a general framework of mRNA expression and allows describing specific degradation mechanisms. We have made an attempt to provide detailed models for the regulation in different organisms. In the yeast S. cerevisiae, different degradation pathways are known to compete and furthermore most of them rely on the biochemical modification of mRNA molecules. In bacteria such as E. coli, degradation proceeds primarily endonucleolytically, i.e. it is governed by the initial cleavage within the coding region. In addition, it is often coupled to the level of maturity and the size of the polysome of an mRNA. Both for S. cerevisiae and E. coli, our descriptions lead to a considerable improvement of the interpretation of experimental data. The general outcome is that the degradation of mRNA must be described by an age-dependent degradation rate, which can be interpreted as a consequence of molecular aging of mRNAs. Within our theory, we find adequate ways to address this much debated topic from a theoretical perspective. The improvements of the understanding of mRNA degradation can be readily applied to further comprehend the mRNA expression under different internal or environmental conditions such as after the induction of transcription or stress application. Also, the role of mRNA decay can be assessed in the context of translation and protein synthesis. The ultimate goal in understanding gene regulation mediated by mRNA stability will be to identify the relevance and biological function of different mechanisms. Once more quantitative data will become available, our description allows to elaborate the role of each mechanism by devising a suitable model.
Ein zentrales Ziel der modernen Biologie ist es, ein umfassendes Verständnis der Genexpression zu erlangen. Die fundamentalen Prozesse sind im zentralen Dogma der Genexpression zusammengefasst: Die genetische Information wird von DNA in Boten-RNAs (mRNA) transkribiert und im Prozess der Translation von mRNA in Proteine übersetzt. Zum Erhalt ihrer Funktionalität und der Möglichkeit von Wachstum und Fortpflanzung muss in jeder Zelle und für jedes Gen die optimale Proteinkonzentration akkurat eingestellt werden. Hierzu hat jeder Organismus detaillierte Regulationsmechanismen entwickelt. Regulation kann auf allen Stufen der Genexpression erfolgen, insbesondere liefert der Abbau der mRNA-Moleküle einen effizienten und direkten Kontrollmechanismus. Daher sind in allen Lebewesen spezifische Mechanismen - die Degradationsmechanismen - entstanden, welche aktiv den Abbau befördern. Um ein besseres Verständnis von den zugrunde liegenden Prozessen zu erlangen, untersuchen Biochemiker die Degradationsmechanismen im Detail. Gleichzeitig erlauben moderne molekularbiologische Verfahren die simultane Bestimmung der Zerfallskurven von mRNA für alle untersuchten Gene einer Zelle. Aus theoretischer Perspektive wird der Zerfall der mRNA-Menge als exponentieller Zerfall mit konstanter Rate betrachtet. Diese Betrachtung dient der Interpretation der zugrunde liegenden Experimente, berücksichtigt aber nicht die fundierten Kenntnisse über die molekularen Mechanismen der Degradation. Zudem zeigen viele experimentelle Studien ein deutliches Abweichen von einem exponentiellen Zerfall. In der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit wird daher eine erweiterte theoretische Beschreibung für die Expression von mRNA-Molekülen eingeführt. Insbesondere lag der Schwerpunkt auf einer verbesserten Beschreibung des Prozesses der Degradation. Die Genexpression kann als ein stochastischer Prozess aufgefasst werden, in dem alle Einzelprozesse auf zufällig ablaufenden chemischen Reaktionen basieren. Die Beschreibung erfolgt daher im Rahmen von Methoden der stochastischen Modellierung. Die fundamentale Annahme besteht darin, dass jedes mRNA-Molekül eine zufällige Lebenszeit hat und diese Lebenszeit für jedes Gen durch eine statistische Lebenszeitverteilung gegeben ist. Ziel ist es nun, spezifische Lebenszeitverteilungen basierend auf den molekularen Degradationsmechanismen zu finden. In dieser Arbeit wurden theoretische Modelle für die Degradation in zwei verschiedenen Organismen entwickelt. Zum einen ist bekannt, dass in eukaryotischen Zellen wie dem Hefepilz S. cerevisiae mehrere Mechanismen zum Abbau der mRNA-Moleküle in Konkurrenz zueinander stehen. Zudem ist der Abbau durch mehrere geschwindigkeitsbestimmende biochemische Schritte charakterisiert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden diese Feststellungen durch ein theoretisches Modell beschrieben. Eine Markow-Kette stellte sich als sehr erfolgreich heraus, um diese Komplexität in eine mathematisch-fassbare Form abzubilden. Zum anderen wird in Kolibakterien die Degradation überwiegend durch einen initialen Schnitt in der kodierenden Sequenz der mRNA eingeleitet. Des Weiteren gibt es komplexe Wechselwirkungen mit dem Prozess der Translation. Die dafür verantwortlichen Enzyme - die Ribosomen - schützen Teile der mRNA und vermindern dadurch deren Zerfall. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden diese Zusammenhänge im Rahmen eines weiteren spezifischen, theoretischen Modells untersucht. Beide Mechanismen konnten an experimentellen Daten verifiziert werden. Unter anderem konnten dadurch die Interpretation der Zerfallsexperimente deutlich verbessert und fundamentale Eigenschaften der mRNA-Moleküle bestimmt werden. Ein Vorteil der statistischen Herangehensweise in dieser Arbeit liegt darin, dass theoretische Konzepte für das molekulare Altern der mRNAs entwickelt werden konnten. Mit Hilfe dieser neuentwickelten Methode konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die Komplexität der Abbaumechanismen in einem Alterungsprozess manifestiert. Dieser kann mit der Lebenserwartung von einzelnen mRNA-Molekülen beschrieben werden. In dieser Doktorarbeit wurde eine verallgemeinerte theoretische Beschreibung des Abbaus von mRNAMolek ülen entwickelt. Die zentrale Idee basiert auf der Verknüpfung von experimentellen Zerfallsmessungen mit den biochemischen Mechanismen der Degradation. In zukünftigen experimentellen Untersuchungen können die entwickelten Verfahren angewandt werden, um eine genauere Interpretation der Befunde zu ermöglichen. Insbesondere zeigt die Arbeit auf, wie verschiedene Hypothesen über den Degradationsmechanismus anhand eines geeigneten mathematischen Modells durch quantitative Experimente verifiziert oder falsifiziert werden können.

The aim of this study was to examine how Abbas Rezai, the first male victim of honor- related violence that received media attention in Sweden, was portrayed in swedish news journalism. The questions examined were: How was Abbas Rezai and the perpetrators portrayed in swedish news journalism and how did the portrayal of the characters change over time. We made a critical discourse analysis with Faircloughs model as a base. We examined fourteen articles from a morning paper and a tabloid, during a period of six years. The result showed that Abbas Rezai was portrayed as a honest, considerate and innocent victim, which makes him relatable to the western world. But regardless of the good portrayal noted, however, that he is all this despite the fact that he is an "Afghan asylum seeker". Which makes the news reporting ambiguous, and leaves Abbas Rezai on the borderline between “us” and “them”. When it comes to the perpetrators they are portrayed as heartless, brutal and uneducated. Which by the reporting manifests itself in their cultural and religious background. During the six-years-period that we studied, we noticed that the reporting of one of the perpetrators changed remarkably. He goes from a coldblooded murderer to a victim of his own culture. Which has its explanation in the constant flow of new information. The biggest difference we found between the morning paper and the tabloid was how they selected their sources. The morning paper focused on confirmed fact from the police and the court, meanwhile the tabloid more often choose unconfirmed sources. Our study overall shows that news reporting are producing and re-creating stereotypes and preconceptions.

During the height of Western imperialism in Egypt from 1882 to 1922, the British ran the country and the French directed the Antiquities Service. Two contemporary artistic allegories expressed Western appropriation of the pharaonic heritage: the façade of Cairo's Egyptian Museum (1902) and Edwin Blashfield's painting Evolution of civilization in the dome of the Library of Congress (1896). The façade presents modern Egyptology as an exclusively European achievement, and Evolution presents ‘Western civilization’ as beginning in ancient Egypt and climaxing in contemporary America. The illustrated cover of an Arabic school magazine (1899) counters with an Egyptian nationalist claim to the pharaonic heritage. A woman shows children the sphinx and pyramids to inspire modern revival, and Khedive Abbas II and Egyptian educators, not European scholars, frame the scene. The careers of three Egyptologists — Gaston Maspero, E. A. W. Budge, and Ahmad Kamal Pasha — are explored to provide context for the allegories.