Journal articles: 'Rna satellite'

1

LILLEY, D. M. J. "The Varkud satellite ribozyme." RNA 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.5217104.

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2

Short, Ben. "Satellite RNA guides kinetochore assembly." Journal of Cell Biology 207, no. 3 (November 3, 2014): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.2073iti1.

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3

Palukaitis, Peter. "Satellite RNAs and Satellite Viruses." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 29, no. 3 (March 2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-10-15-0232-fi.

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Satellite RNAs and satellite viruses are extraviral components that can affect either the pathogenicity, the accumulation, or both of their associated viruses while themselves being dependent on the associated viruses as helper viruses for their infection. Most of these satellite RNAs are noncoding RNAs, and in many cases, have been shown to alter the interaction of their helper viruses with their hosts. In only a few cases have the functions of these satellite RNAs in such interactions been studied in detail. In particular, work on the satellite RNAs of Cucumber mosaic virus and Turnip crinkle virus have provided novel insights into RNAs functioning as noncoding RNAs. These effects are described and potential roles for satellite RNAs in the processes involved in symptom intensification or attenuation are discussed. In most cases, models describing these roles involve some aspect of RNA silencing or its suppression, either directly or indirectly involving the particular satellite RNA.

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4

Tsai, Ming-Shiun, Yau-Heiu Hsu, and Na-Sheng Lin. "Bamboo Mosaic Potexvirus Satellite RNA (satBaMV RNA)-Encoded P20 Protein Preferentially Binds to satBaMV RNA." Journal of Virology 73, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 3032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.4.3032-3039.1999.

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ABSTRACT A satellite RNA of 836 nucleotides [excluding the poly(A) tail] depends on the bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) for its replication and encapsidation. The BaMV satellite RNA (satBaMV) contains a single open reading frame encoding a 20-kDa nonstructural protein (P20). The P20 protein with eight histidine residues at the C terminus was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Experiments of gel retardation, UV cross-linking, and Northwestern hybridization demonstrated that purified P20 was a nucleic-acid-binding protein. The binding of P20 to nucleic acids was strong and highly cooperative. P20 preferred binding to satBaMV- or BaMV-related sequences rather than to nonrelated sequences. By deletion analysis, the P20 binding sites were mainly located at the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of satBaMV RNA, and the RNA-protein interactions could compete with the poly(G) and, less efficiently, with the poly(U) homopolymers. The N-terminal arginine-rich motif of P20 was the RNA binding domain, as shown by in-frame deletion analysis. This is the first report that a plant virus satellite RNA-encoded nonstructural protein preferentially binds with nucleic acids.

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5

Stommel, John R., Marie E. Tousignant, Thanda Wai, and Jacobus M. Kaper. "Efficacy of Endogenous Satellite Expression to Confer Resistance to CMV in Satellite Transgenic Tomato under Field Conditions." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 569c—569. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.569c.

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Viral satellite RNA associated with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is know to modulate CMV symptomology. Virulent CMV associated RNA 5 (CARNA 5) satellites may intensify crop disease. Naturally occurring variants of these satellites, however, attenuate CMV symptoms. Satellite transgenic tomato plants expressing the S-CARNA 5 or 1-CARNA 5 ameliorating forms of the satellite were evaluated under simulated CMV epidemic conditions in USDA–APHIS approved field trials. Trials conducted at Beltsville, Md., in 1994 and 1995 demonstrated that CMV can be effectively controlled under field conditions in satellite transgenic plants. Yields of transgenic lines infected with CMV were 50%–65% greater than that of non-transgenic infected controls. Yields of noninfected transgenic lines ranged from 5% greater than, to 33% less than, noninfected nontransgenic controls. Expression of CARNA 5 in inoculated transgenic plants greatly reduced CMV foliar symptoms and virus titers when compared to inoculated control plants. Levels of CARNA 5 were detected at varying levels in infected transgenic plants throughout the growing season. Virus or satellite was not detected in samples collected from tomato border plants and weeds growing inside and outside a nonhost crop border surrounding the test plot. Field tests conducted in 1996 will evaluate transgenic tomato plants with a double construct coding for the CMV coat protein gene and 1-CARNA 5 satellite.

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6

Stommel, John R., Marie E. Tousignant, Thanda Wai, Rita Pasini, and Jacobus M. Kaper. "Viral Satellite RNA Expression in Transgenic Tomato Confers Field Tolerance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus." Plant Disease 82, no. 4 (April 1998): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.4.391.

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Field trials of transgenic tomato plants expressing an ameliorative satellite RNA of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were conducted to test the efficacy of satellite-transgenic technology to protect against CMV infection. Three transgenic tomato lines derived from two susceptible genotypes were evaluated over two growing seasons for viral symptoms and titers, satellite RNA expression, and fruit yield. Satellite-transgenic lines exhibited mild or no CMV symptoms and low viral titers relative to nontransformed plants. A significant negative correlation between satellite RNA levels and disease severity was evident in transgenic lines. Total marketable yield of CMV-infected satellite-transgenic lines was 40 to 84% greater than that of CMV-infected parent lines. Importantly, yield of CMV-infected satellite-transgenic lines did not differ significantly from mock-inoculated parent lines. Risk assessment results demonstrated low levels of satellite RNA transmission within the test site and no evidence of satellite RNA-induced damage on surrounding plants.

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7

Passmore, Boni K., Hans Van Tol, Jamal M. Buzayan, Doreen Stabinsky, and George Bruening. "Trace Amount of Satellite RNA Associated with Tobacco Ringspot Virus: Increase Stimulated by Nonaccumulating Satellite RNA Mutants." Virology 209, no. 2 (June 1995): 470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1279.

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8

Fritsch, C., M. Mayo, and O. Hemmer. "Properties of the satellite RNA of nepoviruses." Biochimie 75, no. 7 (January 1993): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(93)90062-w.

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9

Wang, Yongzeng, Victor Gaba, Jie Yang, Peter Palukaitis, and Amit Gal-On. "Characterization of Synergy Between Cucumber mosaic virus and Potyviruses in Cucurbit Hosts." Phytopathology® 92, no. 1 (January 2002): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.1.51.

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Mixed infections of cucurbits by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and potyviruses exhibit a synergistic interaction. Zucchini squash and melon plants coinfected by the potyvirus Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and either Fny-CMV (subgroup IA) or LS-CMV (subgroup II) displayed strong synergistic pathological responses, eventually progressing to vascular wilt and plant death. Accumulation of Fny- or LS-CMV RNAs in a mixed infection with ZYMV in zucchini squash was slightly higher than infection with CMV strains alone. There was an increase in CMV (+) strand RNA levels, but no increase in CMV (-) RNA3 levels during mixed infection with ZYMV. Moreover, only the level of capsid protein from LS-CMV increased in mixed infection. ZYMV accumulated to similar levels in singly and mixed infected zucchini squash and melon plants. Coinfection of squash with the potyvirus Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and CMV strains increased both the Fny-CMV RNA levels and the LS-CMV RNA levels. However, CMV (-) strand RNA3 levels were increased little or not at all for CMV on coinfection with WMV. Infection of CMV strains (LS and Fny) containing satellite RNAs (WL47-sat RNA and B5*-sat RNA) reduced the accumulation of the helper virus RNA, except when B5*-sat RNA was mixed with LS- CMV. However, mixed infection containing ZYMV and the CMV strains with satellites reversed the suppression effect of satellite RNAs on helper virus accumulation and increased satellite RNA accumulation. The synergistic interaction between CMV and potyviruses in cucurbits exhibited different features from that documented in tobacco, indicating there are differences in the mechanisms of potyvirus synergistic phenomena.

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10

Hayes, R. J., D. Tousch, M. Jacquemond, V. C. Pereira, K. W. Buck, and M. Tepfer. "Complete replication of a satellite RNA in vitro by a purified RNA-dependent RNA polymerase." Journal of General Virology 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 1597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-73-6-1597.

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11

Wu, G., J. M. Kaper, and S. D. Kung. "Replication of satellite RNA in vitro by homologous and heterologous cucumoviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases." Biochimie 75, no. 8 (January 1993): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(93)90106-3.

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12

Manfre, Alicia J., and Anne E. Simon. "Importance of coat protein and RNA silencing in satellite RNA/virus interactions." Virology 379, no. 1 (September 2008): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2008.06.011.

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13

Wang, Ming-Bo, and Neil A. Smith. "Satellite RNA pathogens of plants: impacts and origins-an RNA silencing perspective." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA 7, no. 1 (October 20, 2015): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1311.

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14

Buzayan, Jamal M., Hans Van Tol, Pierre A. Zalloua, and George Bruening. "Increase of Satellite Tobacco Ringspot Virus RNA Initiated by Inoculating Circular RNA." Virology 208, no. 2 (April 1995): 832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1221.

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15

MASUTA, C. "Molecular biology of cucumber mosaic virus and its satellite RNA." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 80, no. 3 (2014): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.80.134.

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16

Larson, Steven B., Stanley Koszelak, John Day, Aaron Greenwood, J. Allan Dodds, and Alexander McPherson. "Double-helical RNA in satellite tobacco mosaic virus." Nature 361, no. 6408 (January 1993): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361179a0.

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17

Lin, Na-Sheng, and Yau-Heiu Hsu. "A Satellite RNA Associated with Bamboo Mosaic Potexvirus." Virology 202, no. 2 (August 1994): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1994.1392.

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18

Dalmay, Tamas, and Luisa Rubino. "Replication of Cymbidium Ringspot Virus Satellite RNA Mutants." Virology 206, no. 2 (February 1995): 1092–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.1032.

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19

PRODY, G. A., J. T. BAKOS, J. M. BUZAYAN, I. R. SCHNEIDER, and G. BRUENING. "Autolytic Processing of Dimeric Plant Virus Satellite RNA." Science 231, no. 4745 (March 28, 1986): 1577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.231.4745.1577.

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20

Bentley, G. A., A. Lewit-Bentley, L. Liljas, U. Skoglund, M. Roth, and T. Unge. "Structure of RNA in satellite tobacco necrosis virus." Journal of Molecular Biology 194, no. 1 (March 1987): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(87)90722-4.

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21

Qiu, Wenping, and Scholthof G. Karen-Beth. "Defective Interfering RNAs of a Satellite Virus." Journal of Virology 75, no. 11 (June 1, 2001): 5429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.11.5429-5432.2001.

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ABSTRACT Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) is a recently molecularly characterized RNA virus with the unique feature of supporting the replication of two subviral RNAs in a few species of the familyGramineae. The subviral agents include a satellite RNA (satRNA) that is devoid of a coding region and the unrelated satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) that encodes its own capsid protein. Here we report the association of this complex with a new entity in the RNA world, a defective-interfering RNA (DI) of a satellite virus. The specificity of interactions governing this four-component viral system is illustrated by the ability of the SPMV DIs to strongly interfere with the accumulation of the parental SPMV. The SPMV DIs do not interfere with PMV satRNA, but they do slightly enhance the rate of spread and titer of PMV. The SPMV-derived DIs provide an additional avenue by which to investigate fundamental biological questions, including the evolution and interactions of infectious RNAs.

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22

Pezer, Zeljka, and Durdica Ugarkovic. "Satellite DNA-associated siRNAs as mediators of heat shock response in insects." RNA Biology 9, no. 5 (May 2012): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.20019.

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23

Liu, J. S., and N. S. Lin. "Satellite RNA associated with bamboo mosaic potexvirus shares similarity with satellites associated with sobemoviruses." Archives of Virology 140, no. 8 (August 1995): 1511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01322678.

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24

Chernysheva, Olena A., and K. Andrew White. "Modular arrangement of viral cis-acting RNA domains in a tombusvirus satellite RNA." Virology 332, no. 2 (February 2005): 640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2004.12.003.

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25

Song, Sang Ik, and W. Allen Miller. "cis and trans Requirements for Rolling Circle Replication of a Satellite RNA." Journal of Virology 78, no. 6 (March 15, 2004): 3072–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.6.3072-3082.2004.

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ABSTRACT Satellite RNAs usurp the replication machinery of their helper viruses, even though they bear little or no sequence similarity to the helper virus RNA. In Cereal yellow dwarf polerovirus serotype RPV (CYDV-RPV), the 322-nucleotide satellite RNA (satRPV RNA) accumulates to high levels in the presence of the CYDV-RPV helper virus. Rolling circle replication generates multimeric satRPV RNAs that self-cleave via a double-hammerhead ribozyme structure. Alternative folding inhibits formation of a hammerhead in monomeric satRPV RNA. Here we determine helper virus requirements and the effects of mutations and deletions in satRPV RNA on its replication in oat cells. Using in vivo selection of a satRPV RNA pool randomized at specific bases, we found that disruption of the base pairing necessary to form the non-self-cleaving conformation reduced satRPV RNA accumulation. Unlike other satellite RNAs, both the plus and minus strands proved to be equally infectious. Accordingly, very similar essential replication structures were identified in each strand. A different region is required only for encapsidation. The CYDV-RPV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (open reading frames 1 and 2), when expressed from the nonhelper Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus, was capable of replicating satRPV RNA. Thus, the helper virus's polymerase is the sole determinant of the ability of a virus to replicate a rolling circle satellite RNA. We present a framework for functional domains in satRPV RNA with three types of function: (i) conformational control elements comprising an RNA switch, (ii) self-functional elements (hammerhead ribozymes), and (iii) cis-acting elements that interact with viral proteins.

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26

Klimek-Tomczak, Karolina, Michał Mikula, Artur Dzwonek, Agnieszka Paziewska, Lucjan S. Wyrwicz, Ewa E. Hennig, and Jerzy Ostrowski. "Mitochondria-associated satellite I RNA binds to hnRNP K protein." Acta Biochimica Polonica 53, no. 1 (February 23, 2006): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2006_3375.

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hnRNP K protein, which localizes to the nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria, is involved in the various cellular processes that compose gene expression. We used a SAGE-based assay to profile RNAs associated with hnRNP K protein in rat mitochondria. RNA was isolated from mitoplasts obtained from highly purified and RNase-treated mitochondria. Total RNA and RNA associated with hnRNP K protein were then used as input material for generating two SAGE libraries. Mitochondrion-derived tags isolated from the total mitoplast RNA library represented 86.3%, while those isolated from the library constructed from RNA associated with hnRNP K protein represented only 28.2% of selected tags. Thus, an unexpected number of nuclear-encoded RNAs were purified from mitochondria. Many of these transcripts were co-purified with hnRNP K protein, and high levels of nuclear-encoded RNAs co-immunoprecipitating with K protein corresponded to elevated hnRNP K protein levels of the organelle. The most abundant RNAs that were co-purified with hnRNP K protein represented transcripts originating from satellite I DNA. While satellite I RNA levels were higher in the nucleus and cytoplasm than in mitochondria, the most abundant binding of satellite I transcripts to hnRNP K protein was found in mitochondria. The role of satellite I RNA in mitochondria remains to be elucidated.

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27

Kim, Shin Je, Kyung-Hee Paek, and Byung-Dong Kim. "Delay of Disease Development in Transgenic Petunia Plants Expressing Cucumber Mosaic Virus I17N-Satellite RNA." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 2 (March 1995): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.2.353.

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A cDNA clone of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 117 N-satellite RNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S transcript promoter, was stably integrated into the genome of Petunia hybrida `Bluepicoti' tissues by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants producing CMV satellite RNA showed delayed disease development when inoculated with CMV-Y, a helper virus for the I17N-satellite RNA. Furthermore, transgenic petunia plants showed delayed disease development against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a tobamovirus not related to CMV. Northern blot analysis revealed that large amounts of unit length satellite RNA (335 bp) were produced in CMV-infected transgenic petunia plants; whereas, mainly transcripts driven by the CaMV 35S promoter (approximately 1 kb) were produced in TMV-infected transgenic plants. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting showed that symptom reduction was correlated with a reduction in the amount of viral coat protein in transgenic plants.

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28

Landers, Catherine C., Christina A. Rabeler, Emily K. Ferrari, Lia R. D’Alessandro, Diana D. Kang, Jessica Malisa, Safia M. Bashir, and Dawn M. Carone. "Ectopic expression of pericentric HSATII RNA results in nuclear RNA accumulation, MeCP2 recruitment, and cell division defects." Chromosoma 130, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00412-021-00753-0.

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AbstractWithin the pericentric regions of human chromosomes reside large arrays of tandemly repeated satellite sequences. Expression of the human pericentric satellite HSATII is prevented by extensive heterochromatin silencing in normal cells, yet in many cancer cells, HSATII RNA is aberrantly expressed and accumulates in large nuclear foci in cis. Expression and aggregation of HSATII RNA in cancer cells is concomitant with recruitment of key chromatin regulatory proteins including methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). While HSATII expression has been observed in a wide variety of cancer cell lines and tissues, the effect of its expression is unknown. We tested the effect of stable expression of HSATII RNA within cells that do not normally express HSATII. Ectopic HSATII expression in HeLa and primary fibroblast cells leads to focal accumulation of HSATII RNA in cis and triggers the accumulation of MeCP2 onto nuclear HSATII RNA bodies. Further, long-term expression of HSATII RNA leads to cell division defects including lagging chromosomes, chromatin bridges, and other chromatin defects. Thus, expression of HSATII RNA in normal cells phenocopies its nuclear accumulation in cancer cells and allows for the characterization of the cellular events triggered by aberrant expression of pericentric satellite RNA.

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29

Bouchard, Patricia, and Pascale Legault. "A remarkably stable kissing-loop interaction defines substrate recognition by theNeurosporaVarkud Satellite ribozyme." RNA 20, no. 9 (July 22, 2014): 1451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.046144.114.

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30

Ferbeyre, Gerardo, James M. Smith, and Robert Cedergren. "Schistosome Satellite DNA Encodes Active Hammerhead Ribozymes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 3880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.7.3880.

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ABSTRACT Using a computer program designed to search for RNA structural motifs in sequence databases, we have found a hammerhead ribozyme domain encoded in the Smα repetitive DNA of Schistosoma mansoni. Transcripts of these repeats are expressed as long multimeric precursor RNAs that cleave in vitro and in vivo into unit-length fragments. This RNA domain is able to engage in bothcis and trans cleavage typical of the hammerhead ribozyme. Further computer analysis of S. mansoni DNA identified a potential trans cleavage site in the gene coding for a synaptobrevin-like protein, and RNA transcribed from this gene was efficiently cleaved by the Smα ribozyme in vitro. Similar families of repeats containing the hammerhead domain were found in the closely related Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosomatium douthitti species but were not present in Schistosoma japonicum orHeterobilharzia americana, suggesting that the hammerhead domain was not acquired from a common schistosome ancestor.

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31

Makino, D. L., J. Day, S. B. Larson, and A. McPherson. "Investigation of RNA structure in satellite panicum mosaic virus." Virology 351, no. 2 (August 2006): 420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.028.

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32

Huang, Ying-Wen, Chung-Chi Hu, Na-Sheng Lin, Ching-Hsiu Tsai, and Yau-Heiu Hsu. "In vitro replication of Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA." Virus Research 136, no. 1-2 (September 2008): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2008.04.024.

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33

Kuroda, T., W. Q. Wang, T. Natsuaki, and S. Okuda. "Formation of multimers of cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA." Journal of General Virology 78, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-941.

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34

Pinck, L., M. Fuchs, M. Pinck, M. Ravelonandro, and B. Walter. "A Satellite RNA in Grapevine Fanleaf Virus Strain F13." Journal of General Virology 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-69-1-233.

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35

Rubien, Jack D., Bede Portz, Liliya Yatsunyk, and Dawn Carone. "RNA-Protein Phase Separation in Cancer: Investigating Human Satellite II RNA Structure and Function." Biophysical Journal 118, no. 3 (February 2020): 223a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1321.

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36

Taliansky, Michael E., Eugene V. Ryabov, David J. Robinson, and Peter Palukaitis. "Tomato Cell Death Mediated By Complementary Plant Viral Satellite RNA Sequences." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 12 (December 1998): 1214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.12.1214.

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Cell death (necrosis) and severe yellowing (chlorosis) in tomato are induced by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) supporting particular satellite RNAs. To determine whether CMV RNA sequences also are needed to induce necrosis or chlorosis, tomato seedlings were infected with the potato virus X vector expressing either a necrogenic or chlorosis-inducing satellite RNA of CMV. The infected plants did not develop chlorosis, although they did develop necrosis, but only when all or part of a 335-nucleotide necrogenic satellite RNA was expressed in the (-) polarity; i.e., the strand not packaged in virus particles. Computer-assisted secondary structure analysis suggests that the necrogenicity domain is an octanucleotide loop and adjacent base-paired stem of a thermodynamically stable hairpin structure.

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37

Scholthof, Karen-Beth G. "A Synergism Induced by Satellite Panicum Mosaic Virus." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 12, no. 2 (February 1999): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.2.163.

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Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) induces a mild mottle on millet plants, but the addition of its satellite virus (SPMV) causes a severe chlorosis and stunting. Immunoblots, RNA blots, and sucrose density gradient analyses revealed increases of PMV RNA and its p8 and capsid proteins when plants were co-infected with SPMV. A unique feature associated with this satellite virus interaction was an increased rate of systemic infection of PMV.

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38

Ouellet, J., M. Byrne, and D. M. J. Lilley. "Formation of an active site in trans by interaction of two complete Varkud Satellite ribozymes." RNA 15, no. 10 (August 24, 2009): 1822–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.1759009.

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39

Taliansky, M. E., E. V. Ryabov, and D. J. Robinson. "Two Distinct Mechanisms of Transgenic Resistance Mediated by Groundnut Rosette Virus Satellite RNA Sequences." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 5 (May 1998): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.5.367.

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Transformation of Nicotiana benthamiana with full-length sequences of a mild variant of the groundnut rosette virus (GRV) satellite RNA (sat-RNA) yielded plants that did not produce symptoms when inoculated with GRV and a virulent sat-RNA. Two different resistance mechanisms operated in different transformed lines. In the first, plants contained high levels of transcript RNA, and replication of both sat-RNA and GRV genomic RNA was inhibited. This mechanism is analogous to the down-regulation of GRV genomic and sat-RNA replication in infections containing the mild sat-RNA, and indeed infection of sat-RNA transgenic plants with GRV was shown to lead to liberation of unit-length sat-RNA from transgene transcripts. In the second resistance mechanism, plants contained low transcript RNA levels, and replication of sat-RNA but not of GRV genomic RNA was inhibited. These plants were also resistant to infection by potato virus X derivatives containing GRV sat-RNA sequences. This mechanism is an example of homology-dependent gene silencing or cosuppression. Resistant plants were also produced by transformation with sequences representing only the 5′ terminal one-third of the mild sat-RNA; the mechanism of resistance in these plants was of the cosuppression type.

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40

Sung, Mi-Young, Min-Young Jung, Sang-Yong Lee, Ki-Hyun Ryu, and Jang-Kyung Choi. "Genomic Analysis of Satellite RNA of Cucumber mosaic virus-Paf Related with Mild Symptoms." Research in Plant Disease 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2004.10.4.241.

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41

Yadava, Ramesh S., Mahua Mandal, Jack M. Giese, Frank Rigo, C. Frank Bennett, and Mani S. Mahadevan. "Modeling muscle regeneration in RNA toxicity mice." Human Molecular Genetics 30, no. 12 (April 16, 2021): 1111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddab108.

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Abstract RNA toxicity underlies the pathogenesis of disorders such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Muscular dystrophy is a key element of the pathology of DM1. The means by which RNA toxicity causes muscular dystrophy in DM1 is unclear. Here, we have used the DM200 mouse model of RNA toxicity due to the expression of a mutant DMPK 3′UTR mRNA to model the effects of RNA toxicity on muscle regeneration. Using a BaCl2-induced damage model, we find that RNA toxicity leads to decreased expression of PAX7, and decreased numbers of satellite cells, the stem cells of adult skeletal muscle (also known as MuSCs). This is associated with a delay in regenerative response, a lack of muscle fiber maturation and an inability to maintain a normal number of satellite cells. Repeated muscle damage also elicited key aspects of muscular dystrophy, including fat droplet deposition and increased fibrosis, and the results represent one of the first times to model these classic markers of dystrophic changes in the skeletal muscles of a mouse model of RNA toxicity. Using a ligand-conjugated antisense (LICA) oligonucleotide ASO targeting DMPK sequences for the first time in a mouse model of RNA toxicity in DM1, we find that treatment with IONIS 877864, which targets the DMPK 3′UTR mRNA, is efficacious in correcting the defects in regenerative response and the reductions in satellite cell numbers caused by RNA toxicity. These results demonstrate the possibilities for therapeutic interventions to mitigate the muscular dystrophy associated with RNA toxicity in DM1.

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42

Mathews, D. M., and J. A. Dodds. "Naturally Occurring Variants of Satellite Tobacco Mosaic Virus." Phytopathology® 88, no. 6 (June 1998): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.6.514.

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Four natural variants of satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV) were compared with each other and with the type strain. Differences were detected in double-stranded RNA, single-stranded RNA, and virion electrophoretic mobility patterns, while the size and antigenicity of the coat protein were similar for all. RNase protection assays detected differences in the genomes of each of the four new variants, which differed not only from each other, but also from that of type STMV. Infectious RNA transcripts were made from complementary DNA clones of one variant (STMV 10) with a genome apparently smaller than that of type STMV. A 71-base deletion in the region that contains the 6.8-kDa protein in type STMV was detected by sequence analysis of the STMV 10 clones, a result that is confirmed by the lack of a 6.8-kDa in vitro translation product for STMV 10. Only minor sequence differences exist elsewhere in the genome compared with that of type STMV. Type STMV and STMV 10 each successfully cross-protected against the other when tobacco plants were inoculated 10 days apart.

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Du, Quan-Sheng, Cheng-Guo Duan, Zhong-Hui Zhang, Yuan-Yuan Fang, Rong-Xiang Fang, Qi Xie, and Hui-Shan Guo. "DCL4 Targets Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA at Novel Secondary Structures." Journal of Virology 81, no. 17 (July 3, 2007): 9142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02885-06.

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ABSTRACT It has been reported that plant virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) originated predominantly from structured single-stranded viral RNA of a positive single-stranded RNA virus replicating in the cytoplasm and from the nuclear stem-loop 35S leader RNA of a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus. Increasing lines of evidence have also shown that hierarchical actions of plant Dicer-like (DCL) proteins are required in the biogenesis process of small RNAs, and DCL4 is the primary producer of vsiRNAs. However, the structures of such single-stranded viral RNA that can be recognized by DCLs remain unknown. In an attempt to determine these structures, we have cloned siRNAs derived from the satellite RNA (satRNA) of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-satRNA) and studied the relationship between satRNA-derived siRNAs (satsiRNAs) and satRNA secondary structure. satsiRNAs were confirmed to be derived from single-stranded satRNA and are primarily 21 (64.7%) or 22 (22%) nucleotides (nt) in length. The most frequently cloned positive-strand satsiRNAs were found to derive from novel hairpins that differ from the structure of known DCL substrates, miRNA and siRNA precursors, which are prevalent stem-loop-shaped or dsRNAs. DCL4 was shown to be the primary producer of satsiRNAs. In the absence of DCL4, only 22-nt satsiRNAs were detected. Our results suggest that DCL4 is capable of accessing flexibly structured single-stranded RNA substrates (preferably T-shaped hairpins) to produce satsiRNAs. This result reveals that viral RNA of diverse structures may stimulate antiviral DCL activities in plant cells.

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Zahid, Kiran, Jian-Hua Zhao, Neil A. Smith, Ulrike Schumann, Yuan-Yuan Fang, Elizabeth S. Dennis, Ren Zhang, Hui-Shan Guo, and Ming-Bo Wang. "Nicotiana Small RNA Sequences Support a Host Genome Origin of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA." PLoS Genetics 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2015): e1004906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004906.

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Nishimura, Kanako, Yukiko Cho, Kazuaki Tokunaga, Mitsuyoshi Nakao, Tokio Tani, and Takashi Ideue. "DEAH box RNA helicase DHX38 associates with satellite I noncoding RNA involved in chromosome segregation." Genes to Cells 24, no. 8 (June 28, 2019): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gtc.12707.

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Chay, Catherine A., Xia Guan, and George Bruening. "Formation of Circular Satellite Tobacco Ringspot Virus RNA in Protoplasts Transiently Expressing the Linear RNA." Virology 239, no. 2 (December 1997): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1997.8897.

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Pantaleo, Vitantonio, and József Burgyán. "Cymbidium Ringspot Virus Harnesses RNA Silencing To Control the Accumulation of Virus Parasite Satellite RNA." Journal of Virology 82, no. 23 (September 24, 2008): 11851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01343-08.

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ABSTRACT Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV) satellite RNA (satRNA) is a parasitic subviral RNA replicon that replicates and accumulates at the cost of its helper virus. This 621-nucleotide (nt) satRNA species has no sequence similarity to the helper virus, except for a 51-nt-long region termed the helper-satellite homology (HSH) region, which is essential for satRNA replication. We show that the accumulation of satRNA strongly depends on temperature and on the presence of the helper virus p19 silencing suppressor protein, suggesting that RNA silencing plays a crucial role in satRNA accumulation. We also demonstrate that another member of the Tombusvirus genus, Carnation Italian ringspot virus (CIRV), supports satRNA accumulation at a higher level than CymRSV. Our results suggest that short interfering RNA (siRNA) derived from CymRSV targets satRNA more efficiently than siRNA from CIRV, possibly because of the higher sequence similarity between the HSH regions of the helper and CIRV satRNAs. RNA silencing sensor RNA carrying the putative satRNA target site in the HSH region was efficiently cleaved when transiently expressed in CymRSV-infected plants but not in CIRV-infected plants. Strikingly, replacing the CymRSV HSH box2 sequence with that of CIRV restores satRNA accumulation both at 24°C and in the absence of the p19 suppressor protein. These findings demonstrate the extraordinary adaptation of this virus to its host in terms of harnessing the antiviral silencing response of the plant to control the virus parasite satRNA.

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Rubino, Luisa, James C. Carrington, and Marcello Russo. "Biologically active cymbidium ringspot virus satellite RNA in transgenic plants suppresses accumulation of DI RNA." Virology 188, no. 2 (June 1992): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(92)90496-c.

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Flores, Ricardo, Douglas Grubb, Amine Elleuch, María-Ángeles Nohales, Sonia Delgado, and Selma Gago. "Rolling-circle replication of viroids, viroid-like satellite RNAs and hepatitis delta virus: Variations on a theme." RNA Biology 8, no. 2 (March 2011): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.8.2.14238.

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Garcı́a-Arenal, Fernando, Fernando Escriu, Miguel A. Aranda, José L. Alonso-Prados, José M. Malpica, and Aurora Fraile. "Molecular epidemiology of Cucumber mosaic virus and its satellite RNA." Virus Research 71, no. 1-2 (November 2000): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00183-0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rna satellite'

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