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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'RNA'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Warner, Katherine Deigan. "Structural studies of small molecule-RNA interactions in druggable RNA targets and fluorogenic RNAs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708889.

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2

Hall, Adam. "Biogenesis of Y RNA-derived small RNAs." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/42404/.

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Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) constitute a significant portion of the transcriptome in eukaryotes. Many of these sRNAs regulate gene expression. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed a plethora of previously uncharacterised sRNAs with potential biological function, a number of which originate from longer RNAs. Here, the biogenesis of sRNAs derived from the non-coding Y RNAs (YsRNAs) was characterised as a model for understanding this emerging class of sRNA fragments. Y RNAs are highly conserved, 100 nt long molecules involved in DNA replication which bind to the autoimmune proteins Ro6

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3

Richter, Andreas S. [Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Backofen. "Computational analysis and prediction of RNA-RNA interactions = Computergestützte Analyse und Vorhersage von RNA-RNA-Interaktionen." Freiburg : Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1123475695/34.

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4

Garbutt, Jennifer S. "RNA interference in insects : persistence and uptake of double-stranded RNA and activation of RNAi genes." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548101.

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a eukaryotic phenomenon where short double-stranded RNA molecules (dsRNAs) repress homologous sequences. In insects RNAi has been widely observed and has proved extremely useful as a reverse genetics tool to elucidate the function of newly identified genes, as well as showing potential as a novel insecticide. Unfortunately, however, not all insect species are equally susceptible to RNAi. This thesis explores whether persistence of dsRNA in insect hemolymph, uptake of dsRNA into insect tissue, or activation of RNAi genes could be limiting factors in RNAi experiments.

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5

Wilm, Andreas. "RNA-Alignments und RNA-Struktur in silico." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979837278.

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6

Salgado, Maria Paula Santos Cordeiro. "Structural studies of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430559.

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7

Lai, Daniel. "Computational analysis of ribonucleic acid basepairs in RNA structure and RNA-RNA interactions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57538.

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Ribonucleic acids (RNA), are an essential part of cellular function, transcribed from DNA and translated into protein. Rather than a passive informational medium, RNA can also be highly functional and regulatory. Certain RNAs fold into specific structures giving it enzymatic properties, while others bind to specific targets to guide regulatory processes. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, a large number of novel non-coding RNAs have been discovered through whole-transcriptome sequencing. Many efforts have been made to study the structure and binding partners of these novel RNAs, in

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8

Poolsap, Unyanee. "Computational methods for predictions of RNA pseudoknotted secondary structures and RNA-RNA interactions." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147348.

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9

Fritz, Sarah E. "Molecular basis of the DExH-box RNA helicase RNA helicase A (RHA/DHX9) in eukaryotic protein synthesis." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437413252.

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10

Pereira, Tiago Campos. "Estudo de possiveis aplicações médicas da interferencia por RNA." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316861.

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Orientadores: Iscia Teresinha Lopes-Cendes, Ivan de Godoy Maia<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T19:04:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_TiagoCampos_D.pdf: 3895694 bytes, checksum: d999bfc92e9a2e2c757db34bbfc7d7fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005<br>Doutorado<br>Genetica Animal e Evolução<br>Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular

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11

Lackey, Jeremy. "New methods for the synthesis of RNA, novel RNA pro-drugs and RNA microarrays." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92290.

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The demand for synthetic oligonucleotides has grown exponentially over the past decades as genome sequencing, functional genomics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection methods, and gene silencing via RNA interference (RNAi) consume enormous numbers of DNA and RNA oligonucleotides. Although various RNA synthesis chemistries now allow oligoribonucleotides to be produced routinely, the higher complexity and cost of RNA (over DNA) has somewhat limited its availability.<br>A major goal of this thesis work was aimed at finding ribonucleoside synthons that potentially benefit two critical

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12

Jensen, Morten Bernt. "Characterisation of an Arabidopsis RNA-dependent RNA polymerase." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437828.

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13

Shechner, David M. "The structural basis of RNA-catalyzed RNA polymerization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58463.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The Class I ligase is an artificial ribozyme that catalyzes a reaction chemically identical to a single turnover of RNA-dependent RNA polymerization. Such an activity would have been requisite for the emergence of a self-replicase ribozyme, an enzyme that, according to the RNA World hypothesis, would be fundamental for the emergence of life. Demonstrating the plausibility of RNA-catalyzed self-replication, the Class I ligase catalyt

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14

Tomescu, Alexandra Iulia. "Fluorescence studies of influenza RNA and RNA polymerase." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:77f33f82-76f7-4154-912e-5c92bd4bf9c6.

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The influenza A virus genome consists of eight single-stranded segments of negativesense viral RNA (vRNA) with highly conserved, partially complementary termini. These termini associate in a double-stranded RNA structure, known as a panhandle, which is bound by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and can serve as a promoter in both viral transcription and replication. In part A of this thesis, I use a combination of classical biochemistry techniques and fluorescence techniques (both at the ensemble and single-molecule level) for a quantitative investigation of the interaction between purifi

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15

Brown, James W. "RNA polymerase binding sites and polyadenylated RNAs in archaebacteria /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487591658174843.

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16

Wright, Sam Mathew. "Structural and biophysical studies of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d5c2a16d-e1e2-4c22-aca5-70f72aa96853.

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RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) play a vital role in the life cycle of RNA viruses, being responsible for genome replication and mRNA transcription. In this thesis viral RdRps (vRdRps) of dsRNA bacteriophage phi6 (phi6 RdRp) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus [non structural protein 12 (NSP-12)] are studied. For SARS polymerase NSP-12, a library-based screening method known as ESPRIT (Expression of Soluble Protein by Random Incremental Truncation) was employed in an attempt to isolate domains of NSP-12 that express solubly in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and are there

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17

Hahn, Daniela. "Brr2 RNA helicase and its protein and RNA interactions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5775.

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The dynamic rearrangements of RNA and protein complexes and the fidelity of pre-mRNA splicing are governed by DExD/H-box ATPases. One of the spliceosomal ATPases, Brr2, is believed to facilitate conformational rearrangements during spliceosome activation and disassembly. It features an unusual architecture, with two consecutive helicase-cassettes, each comprising a helicase and a Sec63 domain. Only the N-terminal cassette exhibits catalytic activity. By contrast, the C-terminal half of Brr2 engages in protein interactions. Amongst interacting proteins are the Prp2 and Prp16 helicases. The work

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18

Kimura, Richard Henry. "The SINE RNA stress response and Alu RNA activity /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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19

D'Abramo, Claudia M. "Biochemical characterization of the BVDV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase during initiation and elongation of RNA synthesis." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111870.

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The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family, including the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is critical for viral replication. The major goal of this PhD study was to biochemically characterize the role of the polymerase during initiation and elongation of RNA synthesis, utilizing the BVDV RdRp as a model system. We showed that the BVDV polymerase efficiently incorporates chain-terminating nucleoside analogues, which ultimately arrest RNA synthesis. The incorporated chain-terminators, however, can be removed from the pri

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20

Böhm, Stefanie. "Non-protein-coding RNA : Transcription and regulation of ribosomal RNA." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för molekylär biovetenskap, Wenner-Grens institut, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102718.

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Cell growth and proliferation are processes in the cell that must be tightly regulated. Transcription of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal biogenesis are directly linked to cell growth and proliferation, since the ribosomal RNA encodes for the majority of transcription in a cell and ribosomal biogenesis influences directly the number of proteins that are synthesized. In the work presented in this thesis, we have investigated the ribosomal RNA genes, namely the ribosomal DNA genes and the 5S rRNA genes, and their transcriptional regulation. One protein complex that is involved in RNA polymerase I and

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21

Marr, Edward John. "RNA interference (RNAi) for selective gene silencing in Astigmatid mites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25722.

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Psoroptic mange, caused by the Astigmatid mite Psoroptes ovis, is an ectoparasitic disease of significant economic importance to agriculture on a global scale and poses a serious welfare concern. With the current chemotherapeutic controls considered unsustainable, there is pressing need for novel control strategies. RNA interference has been proposed as a potential high throughput approach for the identification of novel therapeutic targets with high specificity, speed and at a relatively low cost compared to the existing methods. The presence of the components of the RNA interference (RNAi) p

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22

Jady, Béata Erika. "RNA-guided post-transcriptional modification of spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30156.

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23

Kable, Moffett Lee. "Kinetoplastid RNA editing : analysis of the mechanism of guide RNA directed uridylate insertion into precursor messenger RNA /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9295.

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24

Vasale, Jessica J. "Roles of Cellular RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases in Endogenous Small RNA Pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2010. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/481.

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The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans is a two-step, small RNA-mediated silencing pathway. Unlike in other organisms, Dicer processing of double-stranded RNA into small interfering (si) RNAs is not sufficient in worms to induce gene silencing. The activity of cellular RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) is necessary to synthesize a secondary pool of siRNAs, which interact with a unique class of Argonaute proteins to form the functional effector complexes that mediate silencing. The aims of this thesis were to: 1) characterize the role of RdRP family members in endogenou

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25

Croci, R. "RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE: A VALUABLE TARGET TO BLOCK VIRAL REPLICATION IN SINGLE-STRANDED (+)SENSE RNA VIRUSES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/243352.

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The (+)strand RNA viruses include a very large group of viruses that cause epidemic diseases in humans, including dengue fever and gastroenteritis. The human (+)RNA viruses include Flaviviruses (FV) and Norovirus (NV). Both encode for proteins essential for viral replication, such as the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Since human cells lack RdRp, it appears as one of the most promising targets for antivirals development. I worked on the identification of new non-nucleotide inhibitors against FV and NV, using RdRp as the main target. In this context, suramin and NF023 have been identifie

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26

Nip, Ka Ming. "RNA-Bloom : de novo RNA-seq assembly with Bloom filters." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62590.

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High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is primarily used in measuring gene expression, quantifying transcript abundance, and building reference transcriptomes. Without bias from a reference sequence, de novo RNA-seq assembly is particularly useful for building new reference transcriptomes, detecting fusion genes, and discovering novel spliced transcripts. This is a challenging problem, and to address it at least eight approaches, including Trans-ABySS and Trinity, were developed within the past decade. For instance, using Trinity and 12 CPUs, it takes approximately one and a half day to asse

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27

DeBlasio, Daniel. "NEW COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR MULTIPLE RNA ALIGNMENT AND RNA SEARCH." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4070.

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In this thesis we explore the the theory and history behind RNA alignment. Normal sequence alignments as studied by computer scientists can be completed in $O(n^2)$ time in the naive case. The process involves taking two input sequences and finding the list of edits that can transform one sequence into the other. This process is applied to biology in many forms, such as the creation of multiple alignments and the search of genomic sequences. When you take into account the RNA sequence structure the problem becomes even harder. Multiple RNA structure alignment is particularly challenging becaus

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28

Digard, Paul Eugene. "Analysis of the influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA poymerase complex." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304251.

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29

Xu, Guorong. "RNA CoMPASS: RNA Comprehensive Multi-Processor Analysis System for Sequencing." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1531.

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The main theme of this dissertation is to develop a distributed computational pipeline for processing next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. RNA-seq experiments generate hundreds of millions of short reads for each DNA/RNA sample. There are many existing bioinformatics tools developed for the analysis and visualization of this data, but very large studies present computational and organizational challenges that are difficult to overcome manually. We designed a comprehensive pipeline for the analysis of RNA sequencing which leverages many existing tools and parallel computing technology

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30

Sarver, Michael. "STRUCTURE-BASED MULTIPLE RNA SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT AND FINDING RNA MOTIFS." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1151076710.

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31

Phosiwa, Maanda Noaxe. "Molecular characterization of a porcine picobirnavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07152009-175205/.

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32

Bakker, Saskia. "RNA packaging and uncoating in simple single-stranded RNA viruses." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2801/.

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Simple (non-enveloped) small, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses infect hosts from all kingdoms of life. However, their assembly and uncoating processes remain poorly understood. For turnip crinkle virus (TCV), 3D reconstructions by cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) are shown for the native and the expanded form. The expanded form is a putative disassembly intermediate and exhibits pores that are large enough to allow exit of single-stranded RNA. Biochemical experiments revealed the expanded form is protease-sensitive, although the RNA genome remains protected from ribonuclease. Virus

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33

Jamieson, Lauren Vilda. "The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the hepatitis A virus." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268194.

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34

Zhou, Yu. "Application of RNA Bioinformatics in decoding RNA structure and regulation." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112234.

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Ma thèse porte sur le développement de méthodologies informatiques et bioinformatiques pour résoudre des problèmes provenant de questions biologiques liées à l’ARN, telles que la prédiction de structures, l’identification de structures communes, la découverte de cibles des micro-ARN, la prédiction de la régulation de l’épissage, et le design (ou repliement inverse) d'ARN. Le premier chapitre concerne la mise en place d’une méthode itérative pour la prédiction des structures secondaires des introns de groupes 1, incluant les pseudo-nœuds, et la développement d’une base de données complète sur l

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35

Stoppel, Rhea. "Chloroplast RNA metabolism." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-152718.

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36

Lawrence, Michael S. (Michael Scott) 1975. "[RNA polymerase ribozymes]." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31193.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2005.<br>Title supplied by cataloger from abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The RNA World is a hypothetical ancient evolutionary era during which RNA was both genome and catalyst. During that time, RNA was the only kind of enzyme yet in existence, and one of its chief duties was the replication of RNA. This scenario presupposes that among all possible RNA sequences, there exist RNA replicase ribozymes, capable of synthesizing RNA using the information in an RNA template. The goal of the present work is

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37

Zhang, Tongchuan. "RNA Structural Modelling." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404155.

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This thesis outlines the development of several methods for improving RNA secondary and tertiary structure prediction. Novel non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are discovered to play various roles in living organisms. A profound understanding of their structures is crucial for learning their functional mechanisms. In Chapter 2, a statistical RNA energy scoring function was developed based on a distance-scaled finite ideal-gas reference state (DFIRE_RNA). The energy score is tested by discriminating native and near-native structures from other decoy structures. We showed that this energy function has a h

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38

Swiatecka-Hagenbruch, Monika. "Phagenähnliche RNA-Polymerasen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15924.

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Chloroplasten höherer Pflanzen haben kleine Genome. Trotzdem ist ihre Transkriptionsmaschinerie sehr komplex. Plastidäre Gene werden von plastidenkodierten (PEP) und kernkodierten RNA-Polymerasen (NEP) transkribiert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Promotoren plastidärer Gene und Operons von Arabidopsis thaliana charakterisiert. Zur Unterscheidung zwischen NEP- und PEP-Promotoren wurden erstmals spectinomycinbehandelte, chlorophylldefiziente Arabidopsis-Pflanzen mit fehlender PEP-Aktivität verwendet. Obwohl für einige Gene auch einzelne Promotoren lokalisiert wurden, wird die Transkription d

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39

Forrest, Sophie. "Use of RNA aptamers to further elucidate the role of FMDV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3Dpol) in replication." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574540.

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Replication of poliovirus involves complexes between the viral RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase 3Dpol, its precursor 3CD and the primer Vpg, although the details of replication initiation and elongation are not fully understood. Much less is known about replication complexes of other picornaviruses, especially FMDV. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we carried out in vitro selection to produce RNA aptarners to FMDV 3Dpol. Aptamers are small nucleic acid molecules that can bind targets with affinities and specificities to rival those of antibodies, but offer significant advantages as molecular

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40

Xu, Ning. "Adenoviral Control of RNAi/miRNA Pathways in Human Cells." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distribution], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9387.

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41

Kajitani, Takuiya. "Ser7 of RNAPII-CTD facilitates heterochromatin formation by linking ncRNA to RNAi." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232146.

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42

Attwater, James. "Ice as a medium for RNA-catalysed RNA synthesis and evolution." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/246525.

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A critical event in the origin of life is thought to have been the emergence of a molecule capable of self-replication and evolution. According to the RNA World hypothesis, this could have been an RNA polymerase ribozyme capable of generating copies of itself from simple nucleotide precursors. In vitro evolution experiments have provided modern examples of such ribozymes, such as the R18 RNA polymerase ribozyme, exhibiting basic levels of this crucial catalytic activity; R18’s activity, however, falls far short of that required of an RNA replicase, leaving unanswered the question of whether RN

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Yin, Peng. "Structural and functional studies of reovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32040.pdf.

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Cheng, Chi-Ping. "VIRAL RNA ELEMENTS AND HOST GENES AFFECTING RNA RECOMBINATION IN TOMBUSVIRUSES." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/436.

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RNA recombination is a major factor driving viral evolution and contributing to new disease outbreaks. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of RNA recombination can help scientists to develop longer lasting antiviral strategies. Tombusviruses are one of the best model RNA viruses to study RNA virus recombination. My goals were to dissect the mechanism of tombusviral RNA recombination. To do so, in my thesis, I describe my results on the roles of (i) the viral replicase and the viral RNA templates; and (ii) the effect of host factors on tombusvirus recombination events. To study the mechanism

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Dall'Ara, Mattia. "RNA/RNA interactions involved in the regulation of Benyviridae viral cicle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ019/document.

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Pour préserver l’intégrité de leur génome, les virus multipartite à ARN nécessitent une forte multiplicité d’infection qui représente un coût biologique inapproprié en terme de réplication virale. Dans cette étude, un réseau d’interaction entre ARN génomiques (ARNg), constitué d’au moins un type de chaque ARNg est proposé. Un tel réseau permet de réduire les coûts biologiques liés à la réplication en assurant une reconnaissance intermoléculaire et une mobilisation d’un complexe RNP modulaire maintenant l’intégrité du génome. Un tel complexe est considéré comme l’unité infectieuse mobile assura

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Hunter, Lydia Jane. "The role of RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase 1 in antiviral defence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648332.

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47

Turnbull, Carly. "Sequence and structure requirements of Y RNA-derived small RNA biogenesis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/49478/.

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Numerous small non-coding RNAs have been identified in mammalian cells, including microRNAs and piwi-interacting RNAs. The patterns of gene expression within cells can be altered in response to cellular stress. To examine the effects of cellular stress on all small RNA types, a number of human cell lines were treated with Poly(I:C), a mimic of viral infection, and the levels of small RNAs were examined by next generation sequencing. Surprisingly, we did not find many differentially expressed microRNAs, but we discovered a new class of small RNAs that were 30-35 nucleotides and showed up-regula

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48

Hengrung, Narin. "Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from influenza C virus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:694e16a6-f94e-4375-a1f9-7e250aea7343.

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The influenza virus causes a disease that kills approximately 500,000 people worldwide each year. Influenza is a negative-sense RNA virus that encodes its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This protein (FluPol) carries out both genome replication and viral transcription. Therefore, like the L-proteins of non-segmented negative-sense RNA (nsRNA) viruses, FluPol also contains mRNA capping and polyadenylation functionality. In FluPol, capping is achieved by snatching cap structures from cellular mRNAs, so requiring cap-binding and endonuclease activities. This makes FluPol a substantial machine.

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49

Grierson, Patrick Michael. "The BLM helicase facilitates RNA polymerase I-mediated ribosomal RNA transcription." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337865492.

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50

Burger, Kaspar. "CDK9 links RNA polymerase II transcription to processing of ribosomal RNA." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-167037.

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