Academic literature on the topic 'Rnai down-regulation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Rnai down-regulation"

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Habib, Sidra, Yee Yee Lwin, and Ning Li. "Down-Regulation of SlGRAS10 in Tomato Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance." Genes 12, no. 5 (2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050623.

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Adverse environmental factors like salt stress, drought, and extreme temperatures, cause damage to plant growth, development, and crop yield. GRAS transcription factors (TFs) have numerous functions in biological processes. Some studies have reported that the GRAS protein family plays significant functions in plant growth and development under abiotic stresses. In this study, we demonstrated the functional characterization of a tomato SlGRAS10 gene under abiotic stresses such as salt stress and drought. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 by RNA interference (RNAi) produced dwarf plants with smaller leaves, internode lengths, and enhanced flavonoid accumulation. We studied the effects of abiotic stresses on RNAi and wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, SlGRAS10-RNAi plants were more tolerant to abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and Abscisic acid) than the WT plants. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 significantly enhanced the expressions of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2− and H2O2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were remarkably high in SlGRAS10-RNAi plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and stress-related genes were also enhanced under abiotic stress conditions. Collectively, our conclusions emphasized the significant function of SlGRAS10 as a stress tolerate transcription factor in a certain variety of abiotic stress tolerance by enhancing osmotic potential, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ROS scavenging system in the tomato plant.
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Hui, Yvonne Y., and Holly A. LaVoie. "GATA4 Reduction Enhances 3′,5′-Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Stimulated Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Progesterone Production in Luteinized Porcine Granulosa Cells." Endocrinology 149, no. 11 (2008): 5557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0484.

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Previous studies with cultured granulosa cells implicated GATA4 in gonadotropin regulation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) gene. Caveats to these prior studies exist. First, GATA4 levels are reduced in granulosa-luteal cells after the LH surge when GATA6 expression is relatively high. Second, STAR mRNA expression is negligible in granulosa cells until after the LH surge. Both exogenous GATA4 and GATA6 can transactivate STAR gene promoter constructs. We used an RNA interference (RNAi) approach to determine the contributions of GATA4 and GATA6 to cAMP analog regulation of the endogenous STAR gene in luteinizing granulosa cells. STAR mRNA was stimulated by cAMP under control RNAi conditions. Surprisingly, GATA4 reduction by its respective RNAi approximately doubled the cAMP induction of STAR mRNA. At 24 h cAMP treatment, this augmentation was abolished by co-down-regulation of GATA4+GATA6. GATA6 down-regulation by itself did not alter STAR mRNA levels. GATA4+GATA6 co-down-regulation elevated basal CYP11A mRNA at 24 h treatment but did not affect its induction by cAMP. Basal levels of HSD3B mRNA were reduced by GATA4 RNAi conditions leading to a greater fold induction of its mRNA by cAMP. Fold cAMP-stimulated progesterone production was enhanced by GATA4 down-regulation but not by GATA4+GATA6 co-down-regulation. These data implicate GATA6 as the facilitator in cAMP-stimulated STAR mRNA and downstream progesterone accumulation under reduced GATA4 conditions. Data also demonstrate that basal levels of GATA4/6 are not required for cAMP induction of the STAR gene. The altered ratio of GATA4 to GATA6 after ovulation may allow GATA6 to enhance STAR mRNA accumulation.
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Gourlay, Geraldine, Dawei Ma, Axel Schmidt, and C. Peter Constabel. "MYB134-RNAi poplar plants show reduced tannin synthesis in leaves but not roots, and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 20 (2020): 6601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa371.

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Abstract The importance of the poplar MYB134 gene in controlling condensed tannin (CT) biosynthesis was tested by suppressing its expression using RNA interference (RNAi). MYB134-RNAi plants grew normally but showed reduced accumulation of stress-induced CTs in leaves. RNA-seq analysis indicated that flavonoid- and CT-related genes, as well as additional CT regulators, were strongly and specifically down-regulated by MYB134 suppression. This confirmed that the primary MYB134 target is the leaf flavonoid and CT pathway. Root CT accumulation was not impacted by MYB suppression, suggesting that additional CT regulators are active in roots and emphasizing the complexity of the regulation of CTs in poplar. To test the effect of CT down-regulation on oxidative stress resistance, leaves of MYB134-RNAi and control plants were exposed to the reactive oxygen species generator methyl viologen. MYB134-RNAi leaves sustained significantly more photosystem II damage, as seen in reduced chlorophyll fluorescence, compared with wild-type leaves. MYB134-RNAi leaves also contained more hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species, compared with the wild type. Our data thus corroborate the hypothesis that CT can act as an antioxidant in vivo and protect against oxidative stress. Overall, MYB134 was shown to be a central player in the regulation of CT synthesis in leaves.
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Hong, Jie, Zhikang Qian, Shuiyuan Shen, et al. "High doses of siRNAs induce eri-1 and adar-1 gene expression and reduce the efficiency of RNA interference in the mouse." Biochemical Journal 390, no. 3 (2005): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050647.

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RNAi (RNA interference) is a gene-silencing mechanism that is conserved in evolution from worm to human and has been a powerful tool for gene functional research. It has been clear that the RNAi effect triggered by endogenous or exogenous siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) is transient and dose-dependent. However, there is little information on the regulation of RNAi. Recently, some proteins that regulate the RNA-silencing machinery have been identified. We have observed in previous work that the expression of target genes rebounds after being suppressed for a period of time by siRNAs. In the present study, we used secretory hepatitis B virus surface antigen gene as a reporter and compared its expression level in cell culture and mice challenged by different doses of siRNAs. A quicker and higher rebound of gene expression was observed in mice tail-vein-injected with higher doses of siRNA, and the rebound was associated with an increase in the mRNA level of meri-1 (mouse enhanced RNAi) and adar-1 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) genes encoding an exonuclease and RNA-specific adenosine deaminase respectively. Down-regulation of meri-1 by RNAi enhanced the sensitivity and efficiency of siRNA in inhibiting the expression of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. These results indicate that RNAi machinery may be under negative regulation, through the induction of a series of genes coding for destabilizing enzymes, by siRNAs introduced into the cell, and also suggest that a suitable amount of siRNA should be used for research or therapeutic applications.
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Paensuwan, Pussadee, Jatuporn Ngoenkam, Donruedee Sanguansermsri, et al. "RNAi down-regulation of Nck1 adaptor protein in Jurkat T cells." ScienceAsia 40, no. 5 (2014): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2014.40.340.

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Tilly, G., J. Chapuis, D. Vilette, H. Laude, and J. L. Vilotte. "Efficient and specific down-regulation of prion protein expression by RNAi." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 305, no. 3 (2003): 548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00805-2.

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Kord, Hadis, Ali Mohammad Shakib, Mohammad Hossein Daneshvar, et al. "RNAi-mediated down-regulation of SHATTERPROOF gene in transgenic oilseed rape." 3 Biotech 5, no. 3 (2014): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13205-014-0226-9.

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Jin, Jing, Xinhua Bao, Hansen Wang, Hong Pan, Yuzhi Zhang, and Xiru Wu. "RNAi‐induced down‐regulation of Mecp2 expression in the rat brain." International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 26, no. 5 (2008): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.02.009.

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Xiao, Yan, Qiong Li, Wei Wang, Yumei Fu, and Feng Cui. "Regulation of RNA Interference Pathways in the Insect Vector Laodelphax striatellus by Viral Proteins of Rice Stripe Virus." Viruses 13, no. 8 (2021): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081591.

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RNA interference (RNAi), especially the small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways, plays an important role in defending against viruses in plants and insects. However, how insect-transmitted phytoviruses regulate the RNAi-mediated antiviral response in vector insects has barely been uncovered. In this study, we explored the interaction between rice stripe virus (RSV) and the miRNA and siRNA pathways of the small brown planthopper, which is a vector insect. The transcript and protein levels of key genes in the two RNAi pathways did not change during the RSV infection process. When the expression of insect Ago1, Ago2, or Translin was silenced by the injection of double-stranded RNAs targeting these genes, viral replication was promoted with Ago2 silencing but inhibited with Translin silencing. Protein-protein binding assays showed that viral NS2 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase interacted with insect Ago2 and Translin, respectively. When NS2 was knocked down, the transcript level of Ago2 increased and viral replication was inhibited. Therefore, viral NS2 behaved like an siRNA suppressor in vector insects. This protein-binding regulation of insect RNAi systems reflects a complicated and diverse coevolution of viruses with their vector insects.
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Wan, Shun-Mei, Jun Tie, Ya-Fei Zhang, et al. "Silencing of the hPOT1 gene by RNA inference promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and aggressive phenotype of gastric cancer cells, likely through up-regulating PinX1 expression." Journal of Clinical Pathology 64, no. 12 (2011): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200211.

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BackgroundThe human protection of telomeres 1 (hPOT1) protein, a single-strand telomeric DNA binding protein, plays an important role in telomere protection and telomere length regulation. However, its effect on invasion of gastric cancer remains unclear.AimsTo explore the role of hPOT1 in the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.MethodsThe gastric expression of hPOT1 was examined in normal gastric mucosa (n=25), intestinal metaplasia (n=20), gastric dysplasia (n=20) and gastric cancer (n=150) by immunohistochemistry. The mean optical density (MOD) of the immunostaining was determined by semi-quantitative image analysis. The role of hPOT1 in the cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of gastric cancer 7901 cells was determined by means of the RNA interference (RNAi) of hPOT1 mRNA. The effects of hPOT1 RNAi on the expression of hPinX1 and hTERT were detected with western blotting.ResultsThe hPOT1 MOD was progressively increased from the normal mucosa to intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and gastric cancer. An increased hPOT1 expression significantly correlated with tumour serosal invasion, node metastasis and advanced stage. Transfection of hPOT1 siRNA into SGC-7901 cells led to a decrease in cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion, and also an increase of apoptosis. An up-regulation of hPinX1 and down-regulation of hTERT were found in gastric cancer cells with hPOT1 siRNA.ConclusionsIncreased hPOT1 expression is associated with an advanced tumour stage. hPOT1 RNAi inhibits proliferation and invasion, and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. The effects of hPOT1 RNAi seem to be functionally linked to up-regulation of PinX1 and down-regulation of hTERT.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rnai down-regulation"

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Tanniche, Imen. "Correlating antisense RNA performance with thermodynamic calculations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49698.

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Antisense RNA (asRNA) strategies are identified as an effective and specific method for gene down-regulation at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, the major purpose is to find a correlation between the expression level and minimum free energy to enable the design of specific asRNA fragments. The thermodynamics of asRNA and mRNA hybridization were computed based on the fluorescent protein reporter genes. Three different fluorescent proteins (i) green fluorescent protein (GFP), (ii) cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and (iii) yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) were used as reporters. Each fluorescent protein was cloned into the common pUC19 vector. The asRNA fragments were randomly amplified and the resulted antisense DNA fragments were inserted into the constructed plasmid under the control of an additional inducible plac promoter and terminator. The expression levels of fluorescent reporter protein were determined in real time by plate reader. Different results have been observed according to the fluorescent protein and the antisense fragment sequence. The CFP expression level was decreased by 50 to 78% compared to the control. However, with the GFP, the down-regulation did not exceed 30% for the different constructs used. For certain constructs, the effect was the opposite of expected and the expression level was increased. In addition, the YFP showed a weak signal compared to growth media, therefore the expression level was hard to be defined. Based on these results, a thermodynamic model to describe the relationship between the particular asRNA used and the observed expression level of the fluorescent reporter was developed. The minimum free energy and binding percentage of asRNA-mRNA complex were computed by NUPACK software. The expression level was drawn as a function of the minimum free energy. The results showed a weak correlation, but linear trends were observed for low energy values and low expression levels the CFP gene. The linear aspect is not verified for higher energy values. These findings suggest that the lower the energy is, the more stable is the complex asRNA-mRNA and therefore more reduction of the expression is obtained. Meanwhile, the non-linearity involves that there are other parameters to be investigated to improve the mathematical correlation. This model is expected to offer the chance to "fine-tune" asRNA effectiveness and subsequently modulate gene expression and redirect metabolic pathways toward the desired component. In addition, the investigation of the localization of antisense binding indicates that there are some regions that favors the hybridization and promote hence the down-regulation mechanisms.<br>Master of Science
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Kenyon, Janet. "Down-regulation of ColQ by RNA interference as a potential alternative therapy in myasthetic disorders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531967.

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Cartwright, Megan. "Down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig chondrocytes using RNA interference techniques." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6563.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 19 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 17-19). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Pradeepkumar, Pushpangadan Indira. "Chemically Modified Oligonucleotides: Synthesis, Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties of their Duplexes with DNA and RNA." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4247.

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Yang, Tianyu. "Two novel mechanisms of MHC class I down-regulation in human cancer accelerated degradation of TAP-1 mRNA and disruption of TAP-1 protein function /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1078192113.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 117 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-117). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Webb, Robin. "THE CELLULAR NUCLEIC ACID BINDING PROTEIN IN AGING AND DISEASE." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/biochem_etds/7.

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The ZNF9 gene on chromosome 3 encodes the cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP), a ubiquitously expressed, 177 amino acid (≈19.5kDa) protein that is highly conserved among vertebrates. The function of the protein is largely unknown, however an expansion in the first intron of the protein results in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2), a multisystemic disease featuring cardiac arrhythmia, muscle wasting, cataracts, and a range of neuropathologies. Remarkably, we recently discovered that CNBP is involved in regulating the activity of β-secretase, the enzyme that produces the first cleavage event in the generation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). The progressive fibrillization and deposition of Aβ is widely believed to be the primary causal factor in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and AD-like pathology in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). DS provides a unique model for evaluating how these factors change in the aged brain as compared to young brain, and how such changes affect the proportion of DS patients with AD. In the AD brain, both BACE1 and BACE2 increased from an early stage of disease; in DS brains, BACE1 significantly decreased (p<0.04) with age, whereas BACE2 was unchanged, even though the gene for BACE2 is located within the DS obligate region of chromosome 21. BACE1 and BACE2 activity levels were highly correlated in this series (r2 = 0.95), indicating that there may be a higher degree of shared regulation than previously believed. This implicates regulators of BACE as potentially critical for the development of AD, and our data suggests that CNBP may be one such regulator. In AD, CNBP increases early in the disease process, a change that does not occur in the normal aging process or in DS. CNBP and BACE protein levels were correlated in these cases (p<0.001), while there was no relationship between CNBP and age, or CNBP and Aβ, in either the human or mouse brain, indicating that CNBP does not increase as a consequence of normal aging. Thirty day overexpression of CNBP following adeno-associated viral delivery in murine gastrocnemius muscle resulted in an increase in BACE1 protein (p<0.01) and a consequential increase in Aβ production (p<0.01). Other experiments indicated that CNBP overexpression did not affect the half-life of BACE1 mRNA or protein, but resulted in an increase in BACE1 translation. These data indicate that CNBP is an important regulator of β-secretase, and may play an important role in the onset and progression of AD.
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Grootboom, Andile W. "Effect of RNAi down-regulation of three lysine-deficient kafirins on the seed lysine content of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28964.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) ranks fifth worldwide in production among cereals. It is a major staple food for millions in Africa and Asia, and a major livestock feed grain in developed countries. However, the sorghum grain is poor in lysine content, limiting its value as food and feed. In this study, I hypothesize that reduction of some of the major storage proteins that are inherently poor in lysine through in vitro manipulation will result in the enhanced expression of proteins with a better lysine profile and, thus, increased overall grain lysine content. Sorghum genotypes were screened for in vitro amenability and a sorghum genotype-tissue culture medium combination that yielded the highest somatic embryo callus formation and regeneration potential, was identified. This resulted in the establishment of a sorghum biolistic transformation method with a transformation efficiency of 3.36%, the highest reported to date. Using genetic engineering tools, the enhancement of the nutritional quality of grain sorghum was achieved by increasing the seed lysine content. An RNAi co-suppression strategy was employed and resulted in 45.23 and 77.55% increase in whole seed and endosperm lysine increase, respectively. The co-suppression RNAi constructs targeted the endosperm specific suppression of three lysine-poor storage proteins, namely ä-kaf-2, ã-kaf-1 and -2, and an enzyme that catalyzes seed lysine degradation, lysine keto-gluterate reductase (LKR). Seven independent transgenic events displayed successful transgene integration for both the selectable marker gene and the target constructs. However, the Southern blot hybridization analysis revealed two transgenic events that displayed transgene re-arrangement at the 5’promoter end, thus resulting in a lack of suppression of target proteins. Variations in target proteins co-suppression was observed with Western blot analysis and RT-PCR for both the target kafirins and LKR suppression, and no lysine improvement was observed where no kafirin suppression occurred. The transgenic co-suppression of the target kafirins resulted in the endosperm structural change from a hard, corneous endosperm to a soft, floury endosperm, consistent with ã-zein suppression in the Opaque-2 maize mutant.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Plant Science<br>unrestricted
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Book chapters on the topic "Rnai down-regulation"

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Mann, David G. J., Peter R. LaFayette, Laura L. Abercrombie, Wayne A. Parrott, and C. Neal Stewart. "pANIC: A Versatile Set of Gateway-Compatible Vectors for Gene Overexpression and RNAi-Mediated down-Regulation in Monocots." In Plant Transformation Technologies. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958988.ch11.

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Hagemann, Carsten, Harun M. Said, Michael Flentje, Klaus Roosen, and Giles Hamilton Vince. "Proteins Involved in Cell Migration from Glioblastoma Neurospheres Analyzed by Overexpression and siRNA-Mediated Knock-Down." In RNAi and microRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation in Stem Cells. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-769-3_11.

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Travella*, Silvia, and Beat Keller. "Down-Regulation of Gene Expression by RNA-Induced Gene Silencing." In Methods in Molecular Biology™. Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-379-0_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rnai down-regulation"

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Subedi, Udaya. "RNAi mediated down-regulation of various genes enhances abiotic stress tolerance in alfalfa." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1052945.

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Vaske, Charles, Rahul Parulkar, Nazli Bahrami, et al. "Abstract P6-04-07: Time-course DNA and RNA profiling reveals down regulation of all members of the sulfotransferase A1 subfamily during neoadjuvant therapy with aromatase inhibitors." In Abstracts: 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 10-14, 2019; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-p6-04-07.

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Varadan, V., S. Kamalakaran, A. Janevski та ін. "Abstract PD05-05: RNA-seq identifies unique transcriptomic changes after brief exposure to preoperative nab-paclitaxel (N), bevacizumab (B) or trastuzumab (T) and reveals down-regulation of TGF-β signaling associated with response to bevacizumab". У Abstracts: Thirty-Fifth Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 4‐8, 2012; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-pd05-05.

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