Academic literature on the topic 'Road bridges'
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Journal articles on the topic "Road bridges"
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Hou, Jipeng. "Roadbed Pavement Construction Technology of Road and Bridge Transition Section." Scientific Journal of Technology 7, no. 3 (2025): 193–96. https://doi.org/10.54691/j0h07a34.
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The acceleration of urbanization has increased the number of vehicles on road traffic, bringing unprecedented pressure to the road surface and gradually increasing the quality requirements for roads and bridges. However, various quality problems have appeared in the construction of roads and bridges, seriously affecting people's daily lives. From the actual situation of road and bridge engineering construction, the subgrade pavement of the road and bridge transition section is more prone to quality problems, especially the appearance of uneven settlement, which seriously threatens road driving safety. Therefore, this paper combines the problems of subgrade pavement construction in the transition section of roads and bridges and analyzes the strategies for optimizing the construction of subgrade pavement in the transition section of roads and bridges.
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Savković, Lazar, Borivoje Aleksić, and Dalibor Pešić. "Bridges on the road network of state roads of the IB class and data required for the analysis of road safety on the bridge." Put i saobraćaj 68, no. 1 (2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.68.01.05.
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Bridges are structures designed to bridge natural or artificial obstacles, such as watercourses, valleys, railways, or roads. The purpose of the bridge is to allow people and vehicles to cross a certain obstacle. This paper presents the results of research conducted in the period from 2019 to 2020 on bridges on state roads of the IB class in the Republic of Serbia. The applied methodology in collecting inventory data on bridges in order to form a basic database on bridges is presented. Also, the connection of certain data in order to conduct analyzes of bridge road safety is presented. A total of 974 bridges were identified. The paper also presents the analysis of road crashes that occurred on state roads of the IB class with a specific place "bridge", where the most common types of road crashes in the bridge zone were discovered. At the end of the paper, a critical review is given of certain elements of the bridge that may have an impact on road safety.
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Yang, Wanting, and Lijie Ma. "Research on Common Diseases and Construction Treatment Technologies in Road and Bridge Engineering." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (2024): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fjz8z079.
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Road and bridges are the most basic transportation infrastructure. Its construction quality and use of safety are directly related to the lives of the people and the stability of society. In the process of construction and use, road and bridge projects often face challenges of multiple diseases. Such as uneven settlement, steel bar corrosion and breakage, and cracks. These diseases not only affect the safety and stability of roads and bridges, but also threaten people's driving safety and smooth traffic. This article mainly analyzes the common disease problems in road and bridge projects and propose reasonable measures in a targeted manner, aiming to improve the quality of roads and bridges and reduce the chance of the diseases of roads and bridges.
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Li, Yueshu. "Construction Treatment Technology for Cracks in Asphalt Pavement of Road and Bridge." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019803013.
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In recent years, with the development of road traffic in China, road and bridge projects have gradually increased. While the number of projects has increased sharply, construction technology has been greatly improved. The increase in the use of roads and bridges has led to an increase in the probability of cracks on the roads and bridges. Starting from the common types of cracks, this article explains how to effectively ensure the service life of roads and bridges, improve the performance of roads and bridges, avoid road cracks, deal with the cracks, and emphasize the influencing factors of cracks and the corresponding solutions for the reference of relevant personnel.
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Wang, Wei. "Construction Technology and Safety Monitoring Measures of Road and Bridge Engineering." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 5, no. 5 (2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v5i5.2542.
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With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous improvement of urban infrastructure construction, roads and bridges, as an important infrastructure content in China, directly affect people’s daily travel. Therefore, the construction and management of roads and bridges must be improved to ensure the quality and safety of roads and bridges and effectively prevent safety accidents. Strengthen the management of road and bridge construction through safety monitoring, improve the safety factor of the project and ensure people’s travel safety. This paper mainly analyzes the common diseases and construction technology of road and bridge engineering construction, and puts forward safety monitoring measures.
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Buhaievskyi, Serhii, Tetiana Nenastina, Tetiana Shekhovtsova, Olha Shtefan, and Mykhailo Matsyi. "Road Temporary Collapsible Bridges." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 100 (April 7, 2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2023.100.0.80.
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Abstract. Problem. Bridge crossings on motorways are the most vulnerable facilities. Restoration of bridges destroyed as a result of accidents, natural disasters and military operations is crucial for the functioning of Ukraine's economy and armed forces. The organisation of bridge reconstruction works on motorways remains one of the most challenging tasks. Reconstruction of bridges involves significant expenditure of effort, money and time. The main requirement is to restore destroyed bridges in a short time. The use of sets of temporary collapsible road bridges allows for the restoration of interrupted traffic across water obstacles in a short time. Goal. The goal of the research is to generalise and systematise temporary collapsible bridges of various static systems for civil and military purposes used in Ukraine and around the world. Methodology Methods of analysis and generalisation are used to systematise road temporary collapsible bridges of various static systems for civil and military purposes used in different countries. Results. The data for the use of temporary road collapsible bridges in Ukraine were obtained. The main characteristics of temporary bridges are: the size of spans, bridge length, carriageway width, load capacity, weight of bridge structures, main bridge elements, assembly time, etc. Originality. He article presents the results of generalisation and systematisation of temporary collapsible bridges of various static systems for civil and military purposes used in Ukraine and around the world. Practical value. The objective of the study was to familiarise a wide range of bridge specialists with the peculiarities of using various designs of temporary collapsible bridges and further modelling of organisational and technical solutions for their use in the context of military aggression against Ukraine.
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Li, Jie, and Lijie Ma. "Research on Quality Inspection and Reinforcement Technology of Road Bridge." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2024): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/np120e98.
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With the acceleration of urbanization, road bridges play a crucial role in urban transportation, and their quality condition is directly related to traffic safety and urban development. The article analyzes the common problems of existing road bridges, mainly including cracks, settlement problems and other aspects, to provide a reliable basis for the maintenance and reinforcement of road bridges. Based on this, the article mainly researches the quality inspection technology of road bridges and the reinforcement technology of old bridges at the present stage, and analyzes the application of quality inspection technology and reinforcement technology in improving the structural quality of road bridges according to the construction cases of Jialingjiang Bridge, Qiuyun Bridge and Luoxi Bridge in Heyang, so as to improve the safety of road bridges and prolong the service life of bridges.
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Hamunzala, Bennie, Koji Matsumoto, and Kohei Nagai. "Improved Method for Estimating Construction Year of Road Bridges by Analyzing Landsat Normalized Difference Water Index 2." Remote Sensing 15, no. 14 (2023): 3488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143488.
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The construction year of road bridges plays an important role in bridge management systems. Based on the age of road bridges and other factors, deterministic and probabilistic deterioration models can be used to calculate deterioration rates and predict the future physical condition of road bridges. Two new techniques are proposed in this manuscript for estimating the construction year of road bridges by analyzing the normalized difference water index 2 (NDWI_2). Technique 1 uses both the target bridge point (TBP) and a selected optimal reference control point, while Technique 2 uses only the TBP. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper NDWI_2 data were analyzed at all 44 road bridges in Nago City, Japan of the bridges’ overall length ≤ 100 m and construction year between 1990 and 2006. The sequential t-test analysis of the regime shift method, at a significance level α = 0.05 and cutoff length l = 2 to l = 27, was used to interpret the estimated construction year from the NDWI_2 for both techniques. Both techniques successfully determined the estimated construction year, which was statistically significant with p-values < 0.05, except for seven road bridges in Technique 1 and one road bridge in Technique 2. The correlation and comparative analysis of the actual and estimated construction years yielded R2 = 0.24 and R2 = 0.33, as well as an average deviation of S = 5.81 years and S = 4.08 years for Technique 1 and Technique 2, respectively. The findings suggest that Technique 2 is more accurate and provides a better estimate than Technique 1. It was observed that, as the cutoff length l increased, the absolute error between the actual and estimated construction year increased. Therefore, as a measure of accuracy, the upper limit of cutoff length l was set to l≤ 12. It was also observed that the increase in the bridge’s overall length and forested area contributed to the accuracy of the results. By using the construction year as one of the inputs into bridge management systems, bridge managers can make more informed decisions about how best to maintain and improve road bridges to ensure user safety and road bridge preservation for the future.
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Weston, Nigel, Miriam Goosem, Helene Marsh, Martin Cohen, and Robyn Wilson. "Using canopy bridges to link habitat for arboreal mammals: successful trials in the Wet Tropics of Queensland." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 1 (2011): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11003.
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We investigated the use of inexpensive aerial bridges (rope canopy bridges) above roads and a highway by arboreal mammals in the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia. Three rope bridge designs were trialed, including a single rope, ladder-like bridges and tunnel-shaped bridges. Nine mammal species were recorded using canopy bridges, including five species or subspecies endemic to the Wet Tropics and three species listed as rare under State nature conservation legislation. Most of these species suffer severely from either the fragmentation or mortality impacts caused by roads. Over 50 crossings above a 15-m-wide tourist road were observed on an elevated ladder-like bridge. Longer (~40 m) rope bridges were used on several occasions by four species. Our observations suggest that canopy bridges can assist rare arboreal mammals to cross roads in the Wet Tropics, thereby reducing both the risk of road-kill and the potential for subpopulation isolation. Further research is required to ascertain the level of benefit afforded by canopy bridges for arboreal mammal populations. It is likely that rope canopy bridges will have broad application for a range of arboreal mammal species.
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Yang, Qianrong. "Analysis of Road Bridge Repair and Strengthening Construction Technology." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 8, no. 3 (2024): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v8i3.7158.
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Highway infrastructure plays a crucial role in the healthy development of the social economy. Therefore, China has invested a lot of financial resources in the construction of road and bridge projects in recent years, resulting in the rise in scale and number of road and bridge projects. Simultaneously, the quality of road bridges has garnered widespread attention, necessitating an exploration of common hazards associated with road bridges and the significance of their reinforcement. It is essential to delve into specific technical methods to enhance the quality and service life of road bridges. This paper elaborates on the common hazards faced by road bridges and proposes maintenance and reinforcement strategies to promote the healthy development of road bridge engineering.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Road bridges"
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Alnuaimi, Matar M. "The behaviour of brickwork arches subjected to cyclic loading." Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26539/.
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There are over 40,000 road bridges in the UK and most of them are over a hundred years old. These bridges were not designed to carry today's modern traffic and the everincreasing live loads especially with the introduction of 40 tonne lorries since January 1999. Moreover, in the case of multi-ring brickwork arches the penetration of rainwater and/or overloading with the passage of time breaks the adhesion between the rings leading to ring separation. The loss of continuum behaviour is accompanied by a significant drop in load carrying capacity. It is important that they continue to perform their functions. Sympathetic strengthening is preferred to demolition and replacement. A large amount of work has, in recent years, been devoted to the study of the behaviour of brickwork arch bridges subjected to monotonic loading. However, little is known about the behaviour under cyclic loading. The thesis reports the results of tests under cyclic loading applied at the quarter spans on six large-scale brickwork arch bridges of spans 3m and 5m. Some of them were constructed with damp sand between the brickwork rings, which simulate the defect of ring separation in real bridges. The tests were used to develop a better understanding about the behaviour and failure mechanisms of these arches subjected to cyclic loading. Additionally, the efficacy of surface strengthening to the structural performance of multi-ring brickwork arches was investigated. Both the ring separation and surface strengthening affects the behaviour of arches subjected to cyclic loading where the former reduces the carrying capacity and the latter increases the carrying capacity. The static failure loads of brickwork arches were predicted using four different methods: the mechanism method, Gilbert's 'RING' program, the elastic method and the FE method using ABAQUS software. It was found that the mechanism method and the 'RING' program were conservative in predicting the carrying capacity of the tested arches.
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Hout, Lay. "Decision-Making Model for road planning based on Life Cycle Cost analysis of roads and bridges." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-271849.
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Infrastructure investment and management often incur high capital cost that dictates the decision making during the planning phase. Future operation and maintenance costs have been considered but in different methods. With the pressure of existing aging infrastructure, the need to cut down maintenance cost has been highlighted. Currently, there is a lack of a standardized framework for decision making. Delay in decision making will lead to construction delay and increase in construction cost. This MSc thesis discusses the various frameworks available and proposes the optimal framework. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) provides a methodology to evaluate an object, e.g. a road, through including investment, operation, maintenance, dismantling and landfill or recycling. Higher cost saving will be possible to achieve if LCCA can be applied during the planning phase of the construction. Thus, LCCA is studied and applied on a case study of a section along a 9- km road in south of Sweden. By considering the specific site conditions such as soil profile and road alignment, this thesis evaluates its effect on LCCA. Sensitivity analysis is carried out on the cost output due to uncertainty variable input of the data. The aim of this thesis is to formulate a generic model/tool for decision making based on LCCA methodology on the project level. The rules and regulations provided by Trafikverket (Swedish Transport Administration) and ISO standard for life cycle costing are used as parameters during the analysis. The model described above can be used in different countries if these parameters are redefined by adapting local standards and conditions. This thesis demonstrates the application of the model with a case study to discuss the difference between two different alternatives. The case study compares two alternatives for the same stretch of the road. The first alternative proposes a longer bridge while the second alternative provides a shorter bridge. The result shows that the first alternative has slightly lower LCC compared to the second alternative. Through understanding all the costs connected to the project, cost calculation has been adjusted to ensure accuracy of the data input. Finally, the result from the cost comparison is tested with Monte Carlo Simulation to manage uncertainty risks.
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Rekstis, Michael C. "Scour evaluation on The Little Beaver Creek Crossing on Goshen Road, Mahoning County,Ohio." Connect to online version at OhioLINK ETD Connect to online version at Digital.Maag, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/3745.
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Karagania, Richard M. "Road roughness and infrastructure damage." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36011/1/36011_Karagania_1997.pdf.
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Scientific research has identified road roughness as a significant factor that
contributes to increased vehicle dynamic wheel loads and therefore damage to
pavements and bridges. The other factors include vehicle speed and vehicle
suspension type. More specifically and regarding road roughness, research has
shown that damaging effects are caused by certain wavelengths and features in road
profiles and not the overall road roughness. Various methods of classifying road
roughness based on the ride quality are available. These methods, though important,
are limited in identifying the location of features along road profiles that cause
exceptionally high dynamic wheel loads hence damage. It is the development of a
methodology for identifying the location of these abnormally high dynamic wheel
forces that this thesis addresses.
A vehicle-road interaction model was developed for this research. This computer
model uses a quarter vehicle model and recorded road profile elevation data to
simulate the response of half a vehicle axle (quarter vehicle) driving along a road. 47
road profiles over 17 bridges were measured to run the model.
Signal processing techniques developed by electrical and mechanical engineers have
been used as an additional tool to road profile analysis. These techniques are very
powerful and their application to road profile investigations is significant. Using
computer simulation and by combining ride and damage criteria analysis, a
methodology of identifying segments of road that induce high dynamic wheel forces
and the location of abnormally high dynamic wheel forces has been established.
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Bailey, Simon F. Bailey Simon Frederick. "Basic principles and load models for the structural safety evaluation of existing road bridges /." Lausanne : EPFL, 1996. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1467.
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Taylor, Brendan Dominic. "Use and effectiveness of engineered road crossing-structures for wildlife in eastern Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365203.
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Roads are primary agents of habitat fragmentation and transform landscapes on a global scale. Roads remove habitat and create barriers or filters to the movement of many wildlife species. Moreover, roads disrupt population processes by breaking up continuous populations into smaller, isolated subpopulations or metapopulations, which can suffer genetic drift and become more vulnerable to stochastic processes. Consequently, understanding and mitigating the impact of roads on wildlife has attracted increasing international interest in recent decades. Foremost in efforts to re-connect wildlife populations severed by roads has been the installation of crossing-structures. These are engineered structures designed to provide the opportunity for animals to safely cross either over the road (e.g. land-bridges, rope or wooden canopy-bridges) or under the road (e.g. underpasses, culverts, ecopipes). Crossing-structures enhance the permeability of roads to animal movement thereby improving the ‘functional connectivity’ of the surrounding landscape, or the degree to which the inter-fragment landscape (matrix) facilitates movement. Crossing-structures have thus become a common feature of new road projects in developed countries. Research into the efficacy of crossing-structures is very much in its infancy and has largely focused on assessing whether structures are being used by different wildlife species. As a consequence, we know very little about higher order questions pertaining to population processes, particularly whether the viability of local populations is enhanced by the deployment of crossing-structures. Furthermore, the deployment of crossing-structures has largely focused on terrestrial vertebrates and scant attention has been directed at mitigating road impacts on arboreal mammals, particularly gliding mammals (gliders). This thesis endeavours to address some of these information gaps by presenting the results of a number of investigations into wildlife use of road crossing-structures located in subtropical, eastern Australia. The topics of investigation include: i) glider use of wooden poles on a road land-bridge; ii) home-ranges of gliders residing near road crossing-structures; iii) modelling the effect of connecting habitat patches across road-gaps on glider metapopulation viability; and, vi) determining the effect of road widening on bandicoot use of highway underpasses. They represent the first studies of their kind to investigate such topics. The Australian squirrel glider Petaurus norfolcensis (Marsupialia: Diprotodontia) is a gliding marsupial distributed along the eastern seaboard of Australia. It is listed as threatened in the southern part of its geographic range due to habitat fragmentation. I investigated whether 7-m high wooden poles installed on a land-bridge could enable squirrel gliders to cross a road canopy-gap at two locations in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland. This represented the first attempt in the world to facilitate road crossing by a gliding mammal in this way. At one location no road crossing was revealed from trapping over a 3-year period. Radio-tracking over 8 months revealed 3 occasions when animals whose home-ranges were aligned along the road had crossed the road. Hair-sampling devices revealed use of the poles at one location during 15 of 20 sampling sessions over a 3-year period, and at the second location during 6 of 6 sampling sessions over a 6-month period. Detection of hair on all poles during some sessions at both locations suggests complete crossings could occur. These observations suggest that wooden poles can be used to facilitate road-crossing by gliding mammals. Obtaining information on the use of novel road-crossing technologies such as gliding poles is a necessary first step to understanding their efficacy. However, the ultimate test of a crossing-structure’s effectiveness is in establishing to what extent has it alleviated the barrier effect of the road and prevented the extirpation of local populations. Accordingly, I utilised the population modelling program VORTEX to assess the viability of a metapopulation of squirrel gliders and Australia’s largest gliding marsupial, the greater glider (Petauroides volans), occurring in forest remnants in the fastest urbanising region of Australia. Population studies were conducted over two years within two of these forest remnants (one small, one large) connected across a major road by a land-bridge with gliding poles and rope canopy-bridges. Whereas I obtained direct evidence of squirrel glider use of the land-bridge poles, it is currently unknown whether greater gliders will use the crossing structures but available tree height and spacing do not allow a glide crossing and fences with metal flashing prevent access to the road by terrestrial and arboreal mammals. My modelling revealed that even a relatively low rate of dispersal facilitated by these structures would substantially reduce the probability of extirpation of the smaller subpopulation for both glider species. This rate of dispersal is plausible given the small distance involved (~50 m). The inclusion of wildfire as a catastrophe in my model suggests that these two remnants may encounter an undesirable level of extinction risk. This can be reduced to an acceptable level by including inter-patch movement via dispersal among other forest remnants. However, this requires connection to a very large remnant 8 km away, through a set of smaller remnants that straddle two motorways. These motorways create discontinuities in forest cover that are beyond the gliding ability of both these species and will require the deployment of crossing-structures to allow inter-patch movement. Whereas our knowledge of wildlife use of road crossing-structures has grown considerably in recent years, little is known about the effect that road widening may have on patterns of use by target fauna. To address this, I investigated the effect that duplicating a highway had on bandicoot (Marsupialia: Peramelemorphia) use of underpasses at Brunswick Heads in north east New South Wales (NSW). This study represented one of the first of its kind in Australia and spanned the period of pre and post-construction over an eight year period. Evidence from trapping data showed that individuals of the two bandicoot species present at the study site (i.e. Isoodon macrourus and Perameles nasuta) incorporated both sides of the road corridor into their home ranges and that the majority of movements were likely associated with foraging. The trapping data also demonstrated spatial overlap between and within sexes and congeners suggesting that underpasses were functionally available to resident animals and were each being used by multiple individuals. Despite this, gaining clear insights on the effect that road-widening had on underpass use by bandicoots was confounded by drought, loss of high quality habitat, a decline in bandicoot abundance, the presence of foxes and different design characteristics of new underpasses. Further surveys are required at Brunswick Heads to elucidate this issue. The results of my investigations on bandicoot and glider use of road crossing-structures provide strong support for the need to manage road impacts on wildlife at multiple scales. At the patch or site-level, a number of enhancements are required to improve the functionality of the investigated crossing-structures and to make the study sites more amenable to the target species. At the landscape-level, management needs to focus on improving functional connectivity in the surrounding landscape to strengthen the viability of local metapopulations. This will require the combination of habitat restoration works, wildfire control and the deployment of crossing structures where large roads and motorways breach forest cover. In the case of gliders, the deployment of crossing-structures can be achieved rapidly and cost-effectively by installing gliding poles along motorway edges and in median strips at locations where forest cover is breached. Future research at these study sites needs to continue for much longer periods (i.e. 5-10 years) and incorporate genetic techniques. This will assist in improving our understanding of the isolation effects of road barriers and whether or not gene flow is restored by the installation of crossing-structures. This should be routinely combined with viability assessments (e.g. PVA) to determine how populations are affected by roads and whether they might benefit from crossing structures. Research is also required to provide insights to dispersal behaviour, particularly for gliders, and the likely use of road-crossing structures. Loss of habitat and habitat connections is continuing in my study landscapes and this is likely to have dire consequences for wildlife if land managers are unable to retain appropriate habitat cover with corridors and install effective wildlife road crossing-structures where large roads bisect wildlife habitat.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith School of Environment<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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Ormecioglu, Hilal Tugba. "Technology, Engineering And Modernity In Turkey: The Case Of Road Bridges Between 1850 And 1960." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611599/index.pdf.
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Almost all the sources on modernism originate material transformations in Western world to industrial revolution while mental ones to enlightenment. In all these narrations, technology, engineering, and modernism are considered as correlated. Besides these concepts, the everyday life rituals that were naturally constructed in the historical process also strengthen this attitude. Then, what are the meanings of the same concepts in a country that experience a reverse process instead of the modernization through industrialization? How new technologies had adapted to local circumstances of an unindustrialized country?
While having these questions in mind, this study intends to identify the role of engineer and to reflect on the importance of technology on Turkish modernization project, hence, this dissertation is an historical inquiry into the role played by new building technologies and civil engineering. It covers a broad period extending from late Ottoman to 1960. Among many prestigious building types of engineering such as silos, dams, harbors, factories, railroad etc. that also became popular representations of development, prosperity and modernity, the bridges have been focused on with a particular emphasis because of both their importance for engineering and construction of transportation networks.
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Hira, Mohammad Hasnain. "Effects of Climate Change on Road Infrastructure and Development of Adaptation Measures." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367905.
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The primary aim of the research work is to focus on the effects of climate change for maintaining physical infrastructures (i.e. such as buildings, dams, bridges, road pavements and other road infrastructures). As infrastructure requires major investment, it is important to build necessary management system to cope with future changes. This means that recognition of likely climate change impacts and appropriate adaptation measures are critical. However, most infrastructures has been designed, built and maintained on the premise that the future climate will be similar to that experienced in the past. Since the occurrence of the most recent climate disasters in Queensland, Australia, it has become mandatory to put especial policies for design and maintenance purposes of infrastructures . Recognition of the risks associated with climate change is a valuable initial step towards improved planning of new infrastructure investments and mitigating. Road infrastructure especially pavement requires special type of maintenance policy as the material of pavement like bitumen is very much sensitive to these types of effects such as moisture or temperature.<br>Thesis (Masters)<br>Master of Philosophy (MPhil)<br>Griffith School of Engineering<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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García, Segura Tatiana. "Efficient design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder road bridges based on sustainable multi-objective criteria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/73147.
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[EN] Bridges, as an important component of infrastructure, are expected to meet all the requirements for a modern society. Traditionally, the primary aim in bridge design has been to achieve the lowest cost while guaranteeing the structural efficiency. However, concerns regarding building a more sustainable future have change the priorities of society. Ecological and durable structures are increasingly demanded. Under these premises, heuristic optimization methods provide an effective alternative to structural designs based on experience. The emergence of new materials, structural designs and sustainable criteria motivate the need to create a methodology for the automatic and accurate design of a real post-tensioned concrete bridge that considers all these aspects. For the first time, this thesis studies the efficient design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder road bridges from a sustainable point of view. This research integrates environmental, safety and durability criteria into the optimum design of the bridge. The methodology proposed provides multiple trade-off solutions that hardly increase the cost and achieve improved safety and durability. Likewise, this approach quantifies the sustainable criteria in economic terms, and evaluates the effect of these criteria on the best values of the variables.
In this context, a multi-objective optimization is formulated to provide multiple trade-off and high-performing solutions that balance economic, ecologic and societal goals. An optimization design program selects the best geometry, concrete type, reinforcement and post-tensioning steel that meet the objectives selected. A three-span continuous box-girder road bridge located in a coastal region is selected for a case study. This approach provides vital knowledge about this type of bridge in the sustainable context. The life-cycle perspective has been included through a lifetime performance evaluation that models the bridge deterioration process due to chloride-induced corrosion. The economic, environmental and societal impacts of maintenance actions required to extend the service life are examined. Therefore, the proposed goals for an efficient design have been switch from initial stage to life-cycle consideration.
Faced with the large computational time of multi-objective optimization and finite-element analysis, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are integrated in the proposed methodology. ANNs are trained to predict the structural response based on the design variables, without the need to analyze the bridge response. The multi-objective optimization problem results in a set of trade-off solutions characterized by the presence of conflicting objectives. The final selection of preferred solutions is simplified by a decision-making technique. A rational technique converts a verbal pairwise comparison between criteria with a degree of uncertainty into numerical values that guarantee the consistency of judgments. This thesis gives a guide for the sustainable design of concrete structures. The use of the proposed approach leads to designs with lower life-cycle cost and emissions compared to general design approaches. Both bridge safety and durability can be improved with a little cost increment by choosing the correct design variables. In addition, this methodology is applicable to any type of structure and material.<br>[ES] Los puentes, como parte importante de una infraestructura, se espera que reúnan todos los requisitos de una sociedad moderna. Tradicionalmente, el objetivo principal en el diseño de puentes ha sido lograr el menor coste mientras se garantiza la eficiencia estructural. Sin embargo, la preocupación por construir un futuro más sostenible ha provocado un cambio en las prioridades de la sociedad. Estructuras más ecológicas y duraderas son cada vez más demandadas. Bajo estas premisas, los métodos de optimización heurística proporcionan una alternativa eficaz a los diseños estructurales basados en la experiencia. La aparición de nuevos materiales, diseños estructurales y criterios sostenibles motivan la necesidad de crear una metodología para el diseño automático y preciso de un puente real de hormigón postesado que considere todos estos aspectos. Por primera vez, esta tesis estudia el diseño eficiente de puentes de hormigón postesado con sección en cajón desde un punto de vista sostenible. Esta investigación integra criterios ambientales, de seguridad estructural y durabilidad en el diseño óptimo del puente. La metodología propuesta proporciona múltiples soluciones que apenas encarecen el coste y mejoran la seguridad y durabilidad. Al mismo tiempo, se cuantifica el enfoque sostenible en términos económicos, y se evalúa el efecto que tienen dichos criterios en el valor óptimo de las variables.
En este contexto, se formula una optimización multiobjetivo que proporciona soluciones eficientes y de compromiso entre los criterios económicos, ecológicos y sociales. Un programa de optimización del diseño selecciona la mejor combinación de geometría, tipo de hormigón, armadura y postesado que cumpla con los objetivos seleccionados. Se ha escogido como caso de estudio un puente continuo en cajón de tres vanos situado en la costa. Este método proporciona un mayor conocimiento sobre esta tipología de puentes desde un punto de vista sostenible. Se ha estudiado el ciclo de vida a través de la evaluación del deterioro estructural del puente debido al ataque por cloruros. Se examina el impacto económico, ambiental y social que produce el mantenimiento necesario para extender la vida útil del puente. Por lo tanto, los objetivos propuestos para un diseño eficiente han sido trasladados desde la etapa inicial hasta la consideración del ciclo de vida.
Para solucionar el problema del elevado tiempo de cálculo debido a la optimización multiobjetivo y el análisis por elementos finitos, se han integrado redes neuronales en la metodología propuesta. Las redes neuronales son entrenadas para predecir la respuesta estructural a partir de las variables de diseño, sin la necesidad de analizar el puente. El problema de optimización multiobjetivo se traduce en un conjunto de soluciones de compromiso que representan objetivos contrapuestos. La selección final de las soluciones preferidas se simplifica mediante una técnica de toma de decisiones. Una técnica estructurada convierte los juicios basados en comparaciones por pares de elementos con un grado de incertidumbre en valores numéricos que garantizan la consistencia de dichos juicios. Esta tesis proporciona una guía que extiende y mejora las recomendaciones sobre el diseño de estructuras de hormigón dentro del contexto de desarrollo sostenible. El uso de la metodología propuesta lleva a diseños con menor coste y emisiones del ciclo de vida, comparado con diseños que siguen metodologías generales. Los resultados demuestran que mediante una correcta elección del valor de las variables se puede mejorar la seguridad y durabilidad del puente con un pequeño incremento del coste. Además, esta metodología es aplicable a cualquier tipo de estructura y material.<br>[CAT] Els ponts, com a part important d'una infraestructura, s'espera que reunisquen tots els requisits d'una societat moderna. Tradicionalment, l'objectiu principal en el disseny de ponts ha sigut aconseguir el menor cost mentres es garantix l'eficiència estructural. No obstant això, la preocupació per construir un futur més sostenible ha provocat un canvi en les prioritats de la societat. Estructures més ecològiques i durables són cada vegada més demandades. Davall estes premisses, els mètodes d'optimització heurística proporcionen una alternativa eficaç als dissenys estructurals basats en l'experiència. L'aparició de nous materials, dissenys estructurals i criteris sostenibles motiven la necessitat de crear una metodologia per al disseny automàtic i precís d'un pont real de formigó posttesat que considere tots estos aspectos. Per primera vegada, esta tesi estudia el disseny eficient de ponts de formigó posttesat amb secció en calaix des d'un punt de vista sostenible. Esta investigació integra criteris ambientals, de seguretat estructural i durabilitat en el disseny òptim del pont. La metodologia proposada proporciona múltiples solucions que a penes encarixen el cost i milloren la seguretat i durabilitat. Al mateix temps, es quantifica l'enfocament sostenible en termes econòmics, i s'avalua l'efecte que tenen els dits criteris en el valor òptim de les variables.
En este context, es formula una optimització multiobjetivo que proporciona solucions eficients i de compromís entre els criteris econòmics, ecològics i socials. Un programa d'optimització del disseny selecciona la millor geometria, tipus de formigó, armadura i posttesat que complisquen amb els objectius seleccionats. S'ha triat com a cas d'estudi un pont continu en calaix de tres vans situat en la costa. Este mètode proporciona un major coneixement sobre esta tipologia de ponts des d'un punt de vista sostenible. S'ha estudiat el cicle de vida a través de l'avaluació del deteriorament estructural del pont a causa de l'atac per clorurs. S'examina l'impacte econòmic, ambiental i social que produïx el manteniment necessari per a estendre la vida útil del pont. Per tant, els objectius proposats per a un disseny eficient han sigut traslladats des de l'etapa inicial fins a la consideració del cicle de vida.
Per a solucionar el problema de l'elevat temps de càlcul degut a l'optimització multiobjetivo i l'anàlisi per elements finits, s'han integrat xarxes neuronals en la metodologia proposada. Les xarxes neuronals són entrenades per a predir la resposta estructural a partir de les variables de disseny, sense la necessitat d'analitzar el pont. El problema d'optimització multiobjetivo es traduïx en un conjunt de solucions de compromís que representen objectius contraposats. La selecció final de les solucions preferides se simplifica per mitjà d'una tècnica de presa de decisions. Una tècnica estructurada convertix els juís basats en comparacions per parells d'elements amb un grau d'incertesa en valors numèrics que garantixen la consistència dels dits juís. Esta tesi proporciona una guia que estén i millora les recomanacions sobre el disseny d'estructures de formigó dins del context de desenrotllament sostenible. L'ús de la metodologia proposada porta a dissenys amb menor cost i emissions del cicle de vida, comparat amb dissenys que seguixen metodologies generals. Els resultats demostren que per mitjà d'una correcta elecció del valor de les variables es pot millorar la seguretat i durabilitat del pont amb un xicotet increment del cost. A més, esta metodologia és aplicable a qualsevol tipus d'estructura i material.<br>García Segura, T. (2016). Efficient design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder road bridges based on sustainable multi-objective criteria [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/73147<br>TESIS
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Jamtsho, Lungten. "Performance load testing and structural adequacy evaluation of road bridge decks." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46822/1/Lungten_Jamtsho_Thesis.pdf.
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Many ageing road bridges, particularly timber bridges, require urgent improvement due to the demand imposed by the recent version of the Australian bridge loading code, AS 5100. As traffic volume plays a key role in the decision of budget allocations for bridge refurbishment/ replacement, many bridges in low volume traffic network remain in poor condition with axle load and/ or speed restrictions, thus disadvantaging many rural communities. This thesis examines an economical and environmentally sensible option of incorporating disused flat rail wagons (FRW) in the construction of bridges in low volume, high axle load road network. The constructability, economy and structural adequacy of the FRW road bridge is reported in the thesis with particular focus of a demonstration bridge commissioned in regional Queensland. The demonstration bridge comprises of a reinforced concrete slab (RCS) pavement resting on two FRWs with custom designed connection brackets at regular intervals along the span of the bridge. The FRW-RC bridge deck assembly is supported on elastomeric rubber pads resting on the abutment. As this type of bridge replacement technology is new and its structural design is not covered in the design standards, the in-service structural performance of the FRW bridge subjected to the high axle loadings prescribed in AS 5100 is examined through performance load testing. Both the static and the moving load tests are carried out using a fully laden commonly available three-axle tandem truck. The bridge deck is extensively strain gauged and displacement at several key locations is measured using linear variable displacement transducers (LVDTs). A high speed camera is used in the performance test and the digital image data are analysed using proprietary software to capture the locations of the wheel positions on the bridge span accurately. The wheel location is thus synchronised with the displacement and strain time series to infer the structural response of the FRW bridge. Field test data are used to calibrate a grillage model, developed for further analysis of the FRW bridge to various sets of high axle loads stipulated in the bridge design standard. Bridge behaviour predicted by the grillage model has exemplified that the live load stresses of the FRW bridge is significantly lower than the yield strength of steel and the deflections are well below the serviceability limit state set out in AS 5100. Based on the results reported in this thesis, it is concluded that the disused FRWs are competent to resist high axle loading prescribed in AS 5100 and are a viable alternative structural solution of bridge deck in the context of the low volume road networks.
Books on the topic "Road bridges"
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Auditor-General, Victoria Office of the. Management of road bridges. Victorian Government Printer, 2011.
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Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas. and California. Dept. of Transportation. District 4., eds. Location hydraulic study: San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge east span seismic safety project. 2nd ed. Calif. Dept. of Transportation], 1998.
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OREGON DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. Standard specifications for highway construction, 1996. Oregon Dept. of Transportation, 1996.
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Virginia. Dept. of Highways and Transportation., ed. Road and bridge standards. Virginia Dept. of Highways and Transportation, 1986.
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Virginia. Dept. of Transportation., ed. Road and bridge standards. Virginia Dept. of Transportation, 1996.
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Great Britain. Scottish Development Department. Chief Road Engineer., ed. Damage to bridges by road vehicles: Traffic signs at bridges. ScottishDevelopment Department, 1988.
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. Durability of concrete road bridges: Report. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1989.
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Evans, Ryan. Modified sheet pile abutments for low-volume road bridges. Iowa State University, 2012.
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United States. State and Private Forestry. Northeastern Area. McCurdy Road Timber Bridge, Richland County, Ohio. Northeastern Area, State and Private Forestry, 2000.
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Congress, Indian Roads. Code of practice for concrete road bridges. Indian Roads Congress, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Road bridges"
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Shabani, Amirhosein, Wahid Amin, and Sven Kirschhausen. "Corrosion Risk Assessment of Bridges in Oslo, Norway, Based on Visual Inspection." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_57.
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AbstractCorrosion can have several detrimental effects on bridges, impacting both the structural integrity and long-term durability of the infrastructure. The risk of corrosion for structures like bridges can vary depending on several factors, and different elements of a bridge may be exposed to different levels of risk. In addition to humidity and rainfall, which elevate the risk of corrosion, another contributing factor is road salt, commonly employed for de-icing roads in cold-climate regions during winter. Proper corrosion protection measures, including coatings, cathodic protection, and material selection, can help extend the service life of bridge structures and ensure their safety and durability over time. A risk assessment was performed to evaluate the risk of corrosion of different components of bridges in Oslo, Norway, based on visual inspection data registered in the Brutus online system. The Brutus system, specifically developed for bridge maintenance in Norway, has recorded various information about the bridges. This information encompasses various details, including geometry, construction year, location, material type, and bridge type. In this study, bridges under the maintenance responsibility of the Oslo municipality were classified according to their material type and construction year. Afterward, the level of corrosion damage to each component and its possible consequences were evaluated. The study pinpointed components of bridges exhibiting corrosion damage and categorized the Oslo region according to the corrosion risk index. Finally, preventive measures were suggested to decrease the corrosion risk of bridges.
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Konig, Gert, and Peter Seifert. "Fatigue Loading and Design for Road Bridges." In Bridge Evaluation, Repair and Rehabilitation. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2153-5_20.
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Tsionis, Georgios, and Michael N. Fardis. "Fragility Functions of Road and Railway Bridges." In SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7872-6_9.
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Yang, Shuyu, Chen Zhang, and Yang Feng. "Quasi-static regression extrapolation test method for taxiway bridges." In Frontier Research: Road and Traffic Engineering. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003305002-32.
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Ashrafi, Mahnaz, Nima Nadimi Shoa Hendi, and Bahman Soltan Ahmadi. "Service Spaces of Historical Bridges on the Qazvin-Gilan Road: A Case Study of the Anbooh and Manjil Bridges." In Archaeology and Conservation Along the Silk Road. Böhlau Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/9783205215097.105.
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Bojović, Aleksandar, and Novak Velović. "Rehabilitation of the Gazelle Road Bridge in Belgrade." In The Eight International Conference "Bridges in Danube Basin". Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03714-7_8.
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Li, Zhonglong, Qiyuan Li, Haonan Bing, Mingjun Zhang, and Qingfei Gao. "Numerical investigation on the stiffness of girder bridges influenced by cracks." In Frontier Research: Road and Traffic Engineering. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003305002-30.
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Ademović, Naida. "Proposed New Quality Control Plan Procedure for Road Bridges." In New Technologies, Development and Application III. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46817-0_92.
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Tassi, G. "The Hungarian Road System with Special Emphasis on Bridges." In Transportation Infrastructure. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61092-9_36.
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Shmukler, Valery, Yuriy Krul, Vladislav Dushin, and Asaf Aghayev. "Rational Structural System for Roadway Slab of Road Bridges." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17385-1_29.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Road bridges"
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Darden, Winn, Robert Parker, and Takashi Takayanagi. "Bridge Coating in Japan: Doing It Right the First Time." In SSPC 2013 Greencoat. SSPC, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2013-00014.
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Abstract As an island nation, Japan is particularly dependent on the good health of its bridges to connect its different regions for commercial activities. In order to reduce maintenance cost and downtime for bridges, Japanese road authorities have looked to the use of longer lasting premium materials of construction. In the case of bridge coatings, the road authorities have specified the use of fluoropolymer topcoats for all bridges. Properly applied, fluoropolymer topcoats yield coating systems with expected lifetimes of 30-60 years, virtually eliminating the need for regular maintenance painting. These topcoats offer substantial life cycle cost savings compared to traditional topcoats.
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Klähne, Thomas, and Martin Mensinger. "Three examples of the planning of bridge structures in consideration of existing road infrastructure in Bavaria." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.1118.
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<p>The existing road infrastructure in Germany must be constantly maintained and adapted to future needs. Existing bridges often have to be replaced by new replacements. The requirements of functionality, sustainability and aesthetics will be explained using three examples.</p><p>The Thulba valley bridge is a typical motorway bridge and is being replaced by a new replacement with two substructures. The assembly and disassembly processes are pioneering for an economical construction method while maintaining traffic on the motorway.</p><p>The new overfly in the Nuremberg motorway triangle bridges two motorway lines and is a curved bridge in steel composite construction with a total length of 588 m. The assembly process using incremental launching means that the flow of traffic underneath the new bridge is not restricted.</p><p>The Gänstor bridge between Ulm and Neu-Ulm over the Danube is an inner-city bridge and is being replaced by an integral frame structure in steel composite construction with a span of 86.50 m.</p>
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Henry, Michael. "Revising Weights for Bridge Maintenance Prioritization Using Stakeholder Input." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.1078.
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<p>Road bridges in Bhutan are prioritized for maintenance planning based on the bridge priority score derived from aggregated inventory and condition data scores. The current weighting scheme shows inconsistencies, with the inventory scores disproportionately influencing the priority score, even when there is no structural deterioration. This results in the misallocation of resources, as some bridges with poorer structural conditions are ranked lower than those with better structural conditions but higher inventory scores, overlooking bridges that truly need maintenance. This study examines the weighting scheme for bridge prioritization from the stakeholder’s perspectives through participative group decision-making using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It aims to enhance maintenance planning by comparing changes in bridge rankings between the current and the stakeholder-driven approaches.</p>
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Nili, Mohammad Hossein, Zanyar Mirzaei, and Kristian Schellenberg. "User and Environmental Impacts in Bridges Maintenance Planning– Potentials of Discrete Event Simulation." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.0801.
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<p>The maintenance of bridges significantly impacts overall life-cycle costs, often matching construction costs over time. Rehabilitation projects not only incur direct costs but also pose challenges such as traffic disruptions and environmental impacts, especially when temporary structures are required to maintain road capacities. To enhance sustainability, incorporating user and environmental costs into bridge maintenance decision-making is critical. This study presents a novel integrated methodology utilizing Discrete Event Simulations (DES) to accurately estimate these costs. By evaluating both user and environmental impacts, this approach enables the development of optimized, sustainable maintenance strategies across a bridge’s life cycle. A case study illustrates the application of this model, demonstrating its effectiveness in integrating user and environmental costs into life-cycle cost analyses, ultimately leading to more efficient intervention planning.</p>
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Ishibashi, Hiroki, Takuya Hashimoto, Haruhisa Ishigami, Ichiro Iwaki, and Nobuhiro Jinnai. "Social Impact Assessment of Bridges Based on Detour Simulation Using Virtual Person Trip Data." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.3094.
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<p>This paper proposes a methodology for assessing the potential social impact of bridge closures using privacy-protected virtual person trip data. The increases in travel distance and time and CO2 emissions due to detours of individual agents are calculated by performing a path search for each trip using the Dijkstra algorithm on the road network modeled with graph theory assuming the closure of the analyzed bridges. The potential social impact of bridges is quantified as the economic loss estimated based on the increases in travel distance and time and CO2 emissions. As an illustrative example, the potential social impacts of the bridges located in the Tohoku region of Japan are evaluated. The estimation results demonstrate that even bridges with relatively low traffic volume can cause significant economic loss when closed to traffic. The proposed methodology contributes to the prioritization of bridge management strategies.</p>
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Takahashi, Yuya, Masahiro Futami, Masato Nakamura, Jie Fang, and Taiju Yoneda. "Development of High-Speed Cycle Simulation Scheme for Fatigue Life Prediction and Maintenance for a Group of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Bridges." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.0963.
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<p>In this study, a high-speed simulation framework for assessing the fatigue life of reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PC) bridges was developed using a full-scale model of a target group of road bridges. A full-scale analytical mesh was created for four different bridge types in the target bridge group, and fatigue analysis was conducted using a nonlinear finite element analysis system capable of structural analysis of concrete structures. Parametric modeling techniques were used to rapidly create a full-scale analytical mesh of the RC and PC bridges with over 100,000 elements using representative parameters obtained from drawings. In addition, a framework was developed to quickly set the fatigue loads and water-retention conditions on the top surface of the bridge. The development of these frameworks resulted in a reduction of the analysis input preparation process from several months per bridge to approximately 10%.</p>
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Bodnar, Larysa, and Alexander Kanin. "A model for assessing the priority of the bridges within their repair strategy." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1212.
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The efficiency of the road network operation significantly depends on ensuring the durability and operational reliability of road bridges. To prevent accidents on bridges, ensure their reliability and durability, it is necessary to perform a set of measures, including the following: inspection of bridges, determination of their operational condition, calculation of residual life, development of recommendations for their further operation, and performance of operational measures. Considering the significant quantity of bridges in Ukraine, most of these activities have to be performed using modern information technology. Therefore, an Analytical Expert Bridge Management System Software Complex (AESUM) for bridges of Ukraine on public roads was developed and implemented. An important component of this software complex is the procedures for development of a strategy of repairs in the system of road bridges operation. One of the components of the mathematical model, which is the basis for justifying the repairing strategy, is a system of priorities for bridges repairs, taking into account their importance. This scientific paper considers the current system of priority, which takes into account the technical and operational condition of bridges and the category of roads on which they are located. A new model for evaluation of the priorities of repairs is proposed which takes into account such factors as importance of the bridge, technical and operational condition of the bridge, traffic capacity of the bridge and the cost-effectiveness of repairs. The factors mentioned above consist of a set of sub-factors. For example, the bridge importance factor consists of such sub-factors as the average daily traffic volume, the bypass influence, the bridge's affiliation with international transport corridors, etc.
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Skokandić, Dominik, Anđelko Vlašić, Marija Kušter Marić, Mladen Srbić, and Ana Mandic Ivanković. "Seismic retrofitting of existing road bridges – current state of practice." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1461.
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Seismic assessment and subsequent retrofitting of existing road bridges is a growing challenge for structural engineers in earthquake-prone areas. Following the two catastrophic earthquakes which occurred in the last two years in Croatia, the awareness (both from the engineers and public) for older existing road bridges is heightened. As they were designed according to old codes, and due to their age, deterioration, and increased traffic volume over the last decades, these bridges are in need of assessment (and retrofitting when required). The first part of the paper provides a theoretical overview of bridge behavior during seismic events and the identification of critical structural elements, based on the bridge type and size. In the second part, the review on the most commonly used techniques for seismic retrofitting of these bridges is given, with practical examples were available. The techniques are divided based on the corresponding structural elements and bridge types, with a focus on reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges as the most common bridge types in Croatia and the surrounding region.
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Yoshikura, Mai, Takahiro Minami, Tomotaka Fukuoka, et al. "Development of new bridge inspection system using 5G and AI under Cloud condition." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1292.
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In Japan, the deterioration of bridges constructed in the high economic growth period is progressing, and the maintenance of those bridges is a problem. Municipalities, as road administrators, are required to conduct close visual inspections of bridges (longer than 2m) once every five years, but municipalities face difficulties due to lack of financial and human resources. For this reason, the research of inspection and diagnosis technology is advanced for efficient inspection work. Especially, it is the new technology of ICT(information and communications technology), such as AI analysis of image data of bridge photographs. In this study, we developed a bridge inspection support system that automatically detects cracks in concrete bridges from bridge photographs. This system uses AI of image processing by deep learning. By using AI, we will be able to detect cracks in a short time and inspect bridges more efficiently. However, it requires many photographs of huge amount of data for image analysis. And those images take time to upload to the system by mobile communication. Therefore, we verified the system operation using 5G mobile communication, which is characterized by high speed and large capacity.
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Bekić, Damir, Igor Kerin, Paul Cahill, et al. "Bridge SMS - Innovative Solution for Management of Bridges Over Water." In Fifth International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2018.705.
Full textReports on the topic "Road bridges"
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Kulhandjian, Hovannes. AI-Based Bridge and Road Inspection Framework Using Drones. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2226.
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There are over 590,000 bridges dispersed across the roadway network that stretches across the United States alone. Each bridge with a length of 20 feet or greater must be inspected at least once every 24 months, according to the Federal Highway Act (FHWA) of 1968. This research developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based framework for bridge and road inspection using drones with multiple sensors collecting capabilities. It is not sufficient to conduct inspections of bridges and roads using cameras alone, so the research team utilized an infrared (IR) camera along with a high-resolution optical camera. In many instances, the IR camera can provide more details to the interior structural damages of a bridge or a road surface than an optical camera, which is more suitable for inspecting damages on the surface of a bridge or a road. In addition, the drone inspection system is equipped with a minicomputer that runs Machine Learning algorithms. These algorithms enable autonomous drone navigation, image capture of the bridge or road structure, and analysis of the images. Whenever any damage is detected, the location coordinates are saved. Thus, the drone can self-operate and carry out the inspection process using advanced AI algorithms developed by the research team. The experimental results reveal the system can detect potholes with an average accuracy of 84.62% using the visible light camera and 95.12% using a thermal camera. This developed bridge and road inspection framework can save time, money, and lives by automating and having drones conduct major inspection operations in place of humans.
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Andrawes, Bassem, Isaias Colombani, Md Abdul Hamid Mirdad, and Alexander Chen. Load Rating of Reinforced Concrete Slab Bridges Using Field Testing. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-025.
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Bridge load-rating analysis is typically used to assess the safe load-carrying capacity of bridges. However, in many cases, this analytical approach was proven to be too conservative, which leads to unnecessary bridge postings and road restrictions. In such cases, field testing is sought as a more reliable method for assessing the structural condition of the investigated bridge. This study focused on investigating the efficacy and practicality of performing load rating on reinforced concrete slab bridges in Illinois using two field testing methods—namely, diagnostic and proof load testing. The versatility of both methods was examined through testing six different slab bridges of varying characteristics and conditions. The tested bridges included single- and double-span bridges with span lengths varying between 20.5 ft and 32 ft, and skew angles varying between 0 and 55 degrees. The bridges also varied in age, with the first tested bridge’s construction dating as far back as 1925. The research assessed the type of instrumentation and data acquisition system used as well as the challenges associated with setting up these devices in the field. The analytical and field-based load-rating factors were compared for each bridge. The results showed the effectiveness of field testing in providing a relatively fast and reliable assessment of the structural condition of the investigated bridges. The methods adopted and developed in this research will assist the Illinois Department of Transportation in making future decisions about the condition of bridges in Illinois.
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Alexander, Serena, Bo Yang, Owen Hussey, and Derek Hicks. Examining the Externalities of Highway Capacity Expansions in California: An Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Using Remote Sensing Technology. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2251.
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There are over 590,000 bridges dispersed across the roadway network that stretches across the United States alone. Each bridge with a length of 20 feet or greater must be inspected at least once every 24 months, according to the Federal Highway Act (FHWA) of 1968. This research developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based framework for bridge and road inspection using drones with multiple sensors collecting capabilities. It is not sufficient to conduct inspections of bridges and roads using cameras alone, so the research team utilized an infrared (IR) camera along with a high-resolution optical camera. In many instances, the IR camera can provide more details to the interior structural damages of a bridge or a road surface than an optical camera, which is more suitable for inspecting damages on the surface of a bridge or a road. In addition, the drone inspection system is equipped with a minicomputer that runs Machine Learning algorithms. These algorithms enable autonomous drone navigation, image capture of the bridge or road structure, and analysis of the images. Whenever any damage is detected, the location coordinates are saved. Thus, the drone can self-operate and carry out the inspection process using advanced AI algorithms developed by the research team. The experimental results reveal the system can detect potholes with an average accuracy of 84.62% using the visible light camera and 95.12% using a thermal camera. This developed bridge and road inspection framework can save time, money, and lives by automating and having drones conduct major inspection operations in place of humans.
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Swedberg, Dusty, Phillip Willink, and Wendy Schelsky. Avoiding and Minimizing Impacts to Aquatic Resources through Construction Design Standards. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/25-001.
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The primary objective was to summarize best management practices that avoid and minimize impacts on aquatic resources through construction design standards. The study involved a literature review and discussions with experts to identify knowledge gaps regarding the effects of road and bridge construction on aquatic resources. We examined how other states responded to similar challenges and the standard specifications they used. These recommendations were based on findings from different states and best practices accepted by regulatory agencies. The research reviewed each state’s processes and guidelines for stream-road crossings, focusing on culvert and bridge designs that affect aquatic resources. We identified that impacts on aquatic resources were commonly framed from the context of aquatic organism passage. Our report emphasizes the importance of bridges and culvert design specifics for maintaining ecological connectivity and the long-term health of aquatic ecosystems while also considering road crossings’ structural integrity and safety. Information on the design specifics of culverts and bridges is described within our report. We provided a foundation for future studies and improvements to construction standards, aiming to reduce adverse effects on aquatic resources while meeting public safety and use demands.
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Ajagu, Richard, Dongyoon Song, David Holguin Mejia, et al. Assessing the Asset Management Programs of Locals: Bridges and Pavement Conditions. Purdue University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317841.
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Indiana’s 2016 House Enrolled Act (HEA) 1001 provided a funding mechanism for transportation infrastructure that required Local Public Agencies (LPAs) to have an Asset Management Plan (AMP) to be eligible for funding. In 2022, the Indiana General Assembly desired to know the extent to which LPAs had adopted AMPs in response to this legislation. This study’s literature review found that LPAs nationwide are increasingly adopting asset management practices. Analysis of aggregate data on local road expenditures and revenues in Indiana showed significant reductions in maintenance expenditures in post-HEA 1001-2016 years, suggesting the efficacy of the 2016 legislation. The data trend suggests a 2-year lag in the effects of the 2016 legislation—in 2018 and afterwards, the pavement conditions improved significantly. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that goals of the 2016 legislation have largely been realized, as approximately 100% of Indiana’s LPAs have developed AMPs of various levels of maturity, and the AMP-enabled asset management practices are yielding positive outcomes by reducing maintenance spending and improving road asset conditions. LTAP should continue to reach out to LPAs and provide technical support and training that could further advance existing AMPs, particularly at LPAs that face resource constraints.
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Netid, Mihai. GENERAL TRENDS IN THE EXECUTION OF DEFORMATION JOINTS AT THE ROAD BRIDGES WITH THE SIMPLE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS SUPERSTRUCTURE. Intellectual Archive, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2073.
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Queiroz, Cesar, Andrés Uribe, and Dennis Blumenfeld. Mechanisms for Financing Roads: A Review of International Practice. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009351.
Full textAbstract:
In the last two decades there has been an increased contribution of the private sector, through some form of public-private partnership (PPP), to finance transport infrastructure in general, and roads in particular, in both the developed and developing worlds. Such contribution has helped several countries to maintain, rehabilitate and expand their road networks, including the construction of new motorways, bridges and tunnels. Some governments have increased the public contribution to potential PPP road projects to make them attractive to private investors. Such support may take the form of grants (or subsidies) to project construction, as well as availabilitypayments and operational grants or minimum revenue guarantees during the operational phase of the PPP project. Nevertheless, there are projects that will not be able to attract private financing and will have to be financed with only public funds. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the most commonly used means to charge road users to generate financial resources for supporting PPP projects or to finance totally public projects. Such charges include inter alia fuel taxes, vehicle taxes, vignettes, and tolls. A brief survey of road user charging systems in selected European countries is presented. Consideration is given to different forms of PPP, including a review of potential application of the World Bank Toolkit for PPP in Roads and Highways as an instrument to help decision-makers and practitioners to define the best PPP approach for a specific country. Developing and transition economies can also take advantage of guarantees offered by international financial institutions, an example of which is the World Bank's partial risk guarantees that can increase a project's attractiveness to private investors through lower interest rates and longer maturities of loans.
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Baah, Prince. Implementing Epoxy Injection in Concrete Overlaid Bridge Decks. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317588.
Full textAbstract:
Concrete overlays have proven to be an effective maintenance treatment as they slow de-icing chemical and water penetration into the original deck surface. Typically, due to vibration, structural flexibility, and weak bond between the concrete overlay and deck concrete potentially due to poor construction, de-bonding develops at the boundary between the original deck and overlay. This de-bonding creates voids, providing reservoir for chloride laden water to fill after it penetrates cracks in the surface. Displacing this liquid solution and filling these cracks with epoxy helps reduce freeze/thaw cycling and reduces spalling. The epoxy material protects the bridge deck from moisture and helps support the overlay and prevent it from failing under traffic loads. This leads to an extension of the asset life span and life cycle cost benefit increase. Overall, the bridge infrastructure performance improves significantly with greater mobility and less traffic interruptions due to repairs to bridges on our roadway infrastructures. Epoxy injection helps extends the service life of bridge decks and reduces the need for emergency bridge deck patching and as a result improves safety of road users. Epoxy injection has been added to INDOT’s Maintenance Work Performance Standards during the course of this study.
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Konijnenburg, Jan. Certification Approaches for Weigh-In-Motion Systems in Law Enforcement Applications. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.2200-05.
Full textAbstract:
Every day, overweight and excessively heavy vehicles cause damage to roads, bridges, and other vehicle-based infrastructure. To protect the vital transportation infrastructure for the U.S., states have imposed weight limits for commercial and fleet transport vehicles. A common way for enforcing these weight limits is to guide trucks off the road to weigh stations where the vehicles can be weighed using static truck scales. A disadvantage of these dedicated weigh stations is that they take up a substantial amount of space (which is not always available) and time to conduct weighments, as well as cause delays to traffic flow that may impede commerce based on truck transport. A solution to these problems is the use of high-speed weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems that are installed in the road and weigh vehicles as they pass by while maintaining their speed. For jurisdictions to effectively use a WIM system for direct enforcement of weight limits, the system must be evaluated against a recognized standard to establish suitability for its intended application. The vast majority of weighing instruments used for legal metrology purposes (including law enforcement) need to comply with the requirements in NIST Handbook 44 Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices. However, the NIST Handbook 44 does not (yet) cover WIM systems for direct enforcement. Although state and local jurisdictions use NIST Handbook 44 to certify legal metrological instruments, it does not exclude jurisdictions from using additional technical standards to certify certain instruments. New York City recently certified a WIM system to protect a critical section of the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (BQE) by designating it as a pilot project while efforts were made to amend NIST Handbook 44 to include WIM systems for direct enforcement. This publication discusses the main characteristics of WIM systems and how they can be used for direct enforcement. An overview of several alternative documentary standards that can be applied for certification of WIM systems is also provided, with further explanation regarding how the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) implemented the certification of the WIM system to begin issuing citations to overweight vehicles in an effort to protect the BQE.
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Minnich, Loren, Katrice Lippa, Tanvi Pandya, and James Willis. Certification approaches for weigh-in-motion systems in law enforcement applications. National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.2200-5.
Full textAbstract:
Every day, overweight and excessively heavy vehicles cause damage to roads, bridges, and other vehicle-based infrastructure. To protect this vital transportation infrastructure for the U.S., states have imposed weight limits for commercial and fleet transport vehicles. A common way for enforcing these weight limits is to guide trucks off the road to weigh stations where the vehicles can be weighed using static truck scales. A disadvantage of these dedicated weigh stations is that they take up a substantial amount of space (which is not always available) and time to conduct weighments, as well as cause delays to traffic flow that may impede commerce based on truck transport. A solution to these problems is the use of automatic weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems that are installed in the road and weigh vehicles as they pass by while maintaining their speed.For jurisdictions to effectively use a WIM system for direct enforcement of weight limits, the system must be evaluated against a recognized standard to establish suitability for its intended application. The vast majority of weighing instruments used for legal metrology purposes (including law enforcement) need to comply with the requirements in NIST Handbook 44. However, the NIST Handbook 44 does not (yet) cover WIM systems for direct enforcement.Although state and local jurisdictions use NIST Handbook 44 to certify legal metrological instruments, it does not exclude them from using additional technical standards to certify certain instruments. New York City recently certified a WIM system to protect a critical section of the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (BQE) by designating it as a pilot project while efforts were made to amend NIST Handbook 44 to include WIM systems for direct enforcement.This publication discusses the main characteristics of WIM systems and how they can be used for direct enforcement. An overview of several alternative documentary standards that can be applied for certification of WIM systems is also provided, with further explanation regarding how New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) implemented the certification of the WIM system to begin issuing citations to overweight vehicles in an effort to protect the BQE.