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Journal articles on the topic 'Road bridges'
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1
Hou, Jipeng. "Roadbed Pavement Construction Technology of Road and Bridge Transition Section." Scientific Journal of Technology 7, no. 3 (2025): 193–96. https://doi.org/10.54691/j0h07a34.
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The acceleration of urbanization has increased the number of vehicles on road traffic, bringing unprecedented pressure to the road surface and gradually increasing the quality requirements for roads and bridges. However, various quality problems have appeared in the construction of roads and bridges, seriously affecting people's daily lives. From the actual situation of road and bridge engineering construction, the subgrade pavement of the road and bridge transition section is more prone to quality problems, especially the appearance of uneven settlement, which seriously threatens road driving safety. Therefore, this paper combines the problems of subgrade pavement construction in the transition section of roads and bridges and analyzes the strategies for optimizing the construction of subgrade pavement in the transition section of roads and bridges.
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Savković, Lazar, Borivoje Aleksić, and Dalibor Pešić. "Bridges on the road network of state roads of the IB class and data required for the analysis of road safety on the bridge." Put i saobraćaj 68, no. 1 (2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.68.01.05.
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Bridges are structures designed to bridge natural or artificial obstacles, such as watercourses, valleys, railways, or roads. The purpose of the bridge is to allow people and vehicles to cross a certain obstacle. This paper presents the results of research conducted in the period from 2019 to 2020 on bridges on state roads of the IB class in the Republic of Serbia. The applied methodology in collecting inventory data on bridges in order to form a basic database on bridges is presented. Also, the connection of certain data in order to conduct analyzes of bridge road safety is presented. A total of 974 bridges were identified. The paper also presents the analysis of road crashes that occurred on state roads of the IB class with a specific place "bridge", where the most common types of road crashes in the bridge zone were discovered. At the end of the paper, a critical review is given of certain elements of the bridge that may have an impact on road safety.
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Yang, Wanting, and Lijie Ma. "Research on Common Diseases and Construction Treatment Technologies in Road and Bridge Engineering." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (2024): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fjz8z079.
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Road and bridges are the most basic transportation infrastructure. Its construction quality and use of safety are directly related to the lives of the people and the stability of society. In the process of construction and use, road and bridge projects often face challenges of multiple diseases. Such as uneven settlement, steel bar corrosion and breakage, and cracks. These diseases not only affect the safety and stability of roads and bridges, but also threaten people's driving safety and smooth traffic. This article mainly analyzes the common disease problems in road and bridge projects and propose reasonable measures in a targeted manner, aiming to improve the quality of roads and bridges and reduce the chance of the diseases of roads and bridges.
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Li, Yueshu. "Construction Treatment Technology for Cracks in Asphalt Pavement of Road and Bridge." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019803013.
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In recent years, with the development of road traffic in China, road and bridge projects have gradually increased. While the number of projects has increased sharply, construction technology has been greatly improved. The increase in the use of roads and bridges has led to an increase in the probability of cracks on the roads and bridges. Starting from the common types of cracks, this article explains how to effectively ensure the service life of roads and bridges, improve the performance of roads and bridges, avoid road cracks, deal with the cracks, and emphasize the influencing factors of cracks and the corresponding solutions for the reference of relevant personnel.
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Wang, Wei. "Construction Technology and Safety Monitoring Measures of Road and Bridge Engineering." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 5, no. 5 (2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v5i5.2542.
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With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous improvement of urban infrastructure construction, roads and bridges, as an important infrastructure content in China, directly affect people’s daily travel. Therefore, the construction and management of roads and bridges must be improved to ensure the quality and safety of roads and bridges and effectively prevent safety accidents. Strengthen the management of road and bridge construction through safety monitoring, improve the safety factor of the project and ensure people’s travel safety. This paper mainly analyzes the common diseases and construction technology of road and bridge engineering construction, and puts forward safety monitoring measures.
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Buhaievskyi, Serhii, Tetiana Nenastina, Tetiana Shekhovtsova, Olha Shtefan, and Mykhailo Matsyi. "Road Temporary Collapsible Bridges." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 100 (April 7, 2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2023.100.0.80.
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Abstract. Problem. Bridge crossings on motorways are the most vulnerable facilities. Restoration of bridges destroyed as a result of accidents, natural disasters and military operations is crucial for the functioning of Ukraine's economy and armed forces. The organisation of bridge reconstruction works on motorways remains one of the most challenging tasks. Reconstruction of bridges involves significant expenditure of effort, money and time. The main requirement is to restore destroyed bridges in a short time. The use of sets of temporary collapsible road bridges allows for the restoration of interrupted traffic across water obstacles in a short time. Goal. The goal of the research is to generalise and systematise temporary collapsible bridges of various static systems for civil and military purposes used in Ukraine and around the world. Methodology Methods of analysis and generalisation are used to systematise road temporary collapsible bridges of various static systems for civil and military purposes used in different countries. Results. The data for the use of temporary road collapsible bridges in Ukraine were obtained. The main characteristics of temporary bridges are: the size of spans, bridge length, carriageway width, load capacity, weight of bridge structures, main bridge elements, assembly time, etc. Originality. He article presents the results of generalisation and systematisation of temporary collapsible bridges of various static systems for civil and military purposes used in Ukraine and around the world. Practical value. The objective of the study was to familiarise a wide range of bridge specialists with the peculiarities of using various designs of temporary collapsible bridges and further modelling of organisational and technical solutions for their use in the context of military aggression against Ukraine.
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Li, Jie, and Lijie Ma. "Research on Quality Inspection and Reinforcement Technology of Road Bridge." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2024): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/np120e98.
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With the acceleration of urbanization, road bridges play a crucial role in urban transportation, and their quality condition is directly related to traffic safety and urban development. The article analyzes the common problems of existing road bridges, mainly including cracks, settlement problems and other aspects, to provide a reliable basis for the maintenance and reinforcement of road bridges. Based on this, the article mainly researches the quality inspection technology of road bridges and the reinforcement technology of old bridges at the present stage, and analyzes the application of quality inspection technology and reinforcement technology in improving the structural quality of road bridges according to the construction cases of Jialingjiang Bridge, Qiuyun Bridge and Luoxi Bridge in Heyang, so as to improve the safety of road bridges and prolong the service life of bridges.
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Hamunzala, Bennie, Koji Matsumoto, and Kohei Nagai. "Improved Method for Estimating Construction Year of Road Bridges by Analyzing Landsat Normalized Difference Water Index 2." Remote Sensing 15, no. 14 (2023): 3488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143488.
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The construction year of road bridges plays an important role in bridge management systems. Based on the age of road bridges and other factors, deterministic and probabilistic deterioration models can be used to calculate deterioration rates and predict the future physical condition of road bridges. Two new techniques are proposed in this manuscript for estimating the construction year of road bridges by analyzing the normalized difference water index 2 (NDWI_2). Technique 1 uses both the target bridge point (TBP) and a selected optimal reference control point, while Technique 2 uses only the TBP. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper NDWI_2 data were analyzed at all 44 road bridges in Nago City, Japan of the bridges’ overall length ≤ 100 m and construction year between 1990 and 2006. The sequential t-test analysis of the regime shift method, at a significance level α = 0.05 and cutoff length l = 2 to l = 27, was used to interpret the estimated construction year from the NDWI_2 for both techniques. Both techniques successfully determined the estimated construction year, which was statistically significant with p-values < 0.05, except for seven road bridges in Technique 1 and one road bridge in Technique 2. The correlation and comparative analysis of the actual and estimated construction years yielded R2 = 0.24 and R2 = 0.33, as well as an average deviation of S = 5.81 years and S = 4.08 years for Technique 1 and Technique 2, respectively. The findings suggest that Technique 2 is more accurate and provides a better estimate than Technique 1. It was observed that, as the cutoff length l increased, the absolute error between the actual and estimated construction year increased. Therefore, as a measure of accuracy, the upper limit of cutoff length l was set to l≤ 12. It was also observed that the increase in the bridge’s overall length and forested area contributed to the accuracy of the results. By using the construction year as one of the inputs into bridge management systems, bridge managers can make more informed decisions about how best to maintain and improve road bridges to ensure user safety and road bridge preservation for the future.
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Weston, Nigel, Miriam Goosem, Helene Marsh, Martin Cohen, and Robyn Wilson. "Using canopy bridges to link habitat for arboreal mammals: successful trials in the Wet Tropics of Queensland." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 1 (2011): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11003.
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We investigated the use of inexpensive aerial bridges (rope canopy bridges) above roads and a highway by arboreal mammals in the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia. Three rope bridge designs were trialed, including a single rope, ladder-like bridges and tunnel-shaped bridges. Nine mammal species were recorded using canopy bridges, including five species or subspecies endemic to the Wet Tropics and three species listed as rare under State nature conservation legislation. Most of these species suffer severely from either the fragmentation or mortality impacts caused by roads. Over 50 crossings above a 15-m-wide tourist road were observed on an elevated ladder-like bridge. Longer (~40 m) rope bridges were used on several occasions by four species. Our observations suggest that canopy bridges can assist rare arboreal mammals to cross roads in the Wet Tropics, thereby reducing both the risk of road-kill and the potential for subpopulation isolation. Further research is required to ascertain the level of benefit afforded by canopy bridges for arboreal mammal populations. It is likely that rope canopy bridges will have broad application for a range of arboreal mammal species.
10
Yang, Qianrong. "Analysis of Road Bridge Repair and Strengthening Construction Technology." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 8, no. 3 (2024): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v8i3.7158.
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Highway infrastructure plays a crucial role in the healthy development of the social economy. Therefore, China has invested a lot of financial resources in the construction of road and bridge projects in recent years, resulting in the rise in scale and number of road and bridge projects. Simultaneously, the quality of road bridges has garnered widespread attention, necessitating an exploration of common hazards associated with road bridges and the significance of their reinforcement. It is essential to delve into specific technical methods to enhance the quality and service life of road bridges. This paper elaborates on the common hazards faced by road bridges and proposes maintenance and reinforcement strategies to promote the healthy development of road bridge engineering.
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Russo, Francesco M., Terry J. Wipf, and F. Wayne Klaiber. "Cost-Effective Structures for Off-System Bridges." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (2003): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-50.
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Nearly half of the 587,000 bridges in excess of 6.1 m (20 ft) long on public roads in the United States are located off the Federal Aid System, are on local rural and urban roads or rural minor collectors, and are classified as off-system bridges. Approximately one-third of the off-system bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. The majority of states with large bridge populations are rural states with large percentages of structures owned by counties and other local agencies. Many of these bridges are on low-volume roads. Given the size of the deficient bridge population and the concentration of these bridges largely on locally owned networks, a recent NCHRP synthesis (NCHRP 32-08, Cost Effective Structures for Off-System Bridges) has explored the current practices regarding the maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement of off-system bridges. The administrative aspects of off-system bridge ownership and management were explored, including sources and problems of funding, bridge asset management, design policies for off-system bridges, exploration of the environmental process, and discussions of interagency partnering and coordination problems. A significant body of work exists on effective bridge maintenance and rehabilitation. A significant discussion of bridge strengthening, including specific techniques used on low-volume-road bridges, was also examined. Concerning bridge replacements, the literature and owner survey were used to provide information on successful concepts currently being used. In addition to successful bridge replacement options, discussion of the use of standard plans, design aids, and software is promoted as leading to standard and efficient low-volume-road bridge replacements.
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Ghorpade, Samiksha, Nutan Harle, Tina Kshirsagar, and Yash Lakhe. "Road and Bridge Blocking System in Flood Situation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 9 (2024): 1591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.64355.
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Abstract: The system uses hydraulic or mechanical barriers that can be quickly opened in response to rising water levels, preventing access to barriers and bridges. Up to date data from weather forecasters and water gauges provide effective protection to ensure closure times before flooding reaches critical levels. In addition, the central control centre provides timely updates to the public via mobile and digital signage applications, encouraging collaboration with emergency services and local authorities. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to highway authorities and other relevant organisations on road drainage. One problem that arises during floods is the closure of roads due to flooding, especially on roads located near rivers and canals. Most brides give the height above the highest water level, but the approach to the bridges often does not give the required height. As a result, the road was flooded while the bridge was standing
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Xu, Fengyue, Junlong Xie, and Jie Gao. "Discussion on the Status Quo of Non-Destructive Testing Technology in Highway Engineering and Strategies of Improving the Quality of Testing." Journal of World Architecture 7, no. 4 (2023): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jwa.v7i4.5140.
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Highway test and detection technology play a very important role in controlling the quality of road and bridge engineering and improving the maintenance of roads and bridges. The study of highway bridge test detection technology is both theoretically and practically useful. Road and bridge test and detection is a complicated task. With the development of science and technology highway and bridge engineering test and detection technology has also made great progress. The continuous improvement of test and detection technology has brought good social benefits to road and bridge construction. This article discusses the problems in test and detection technology of highway bridges and how to improve the quality of test and detection.
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SOUSA, Helder, Bruno J. A. COSTA, António Abel HENRIQUES, João BENTO, and Joaquim A. FIGUEIRAS. "ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC LOAD EVENTS AND STRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON ROAD BRIDGES BASED ON STRAIN MEASUREMENTS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no. 4 (2015): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.897991.
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Several technical and scientific publications have been made available focussing on Bridge Weight-in-Motion (BWIM) concerning railway bridges. On the contrary, BWIM analysis on road bridges are more scarce and therefore, this work intends to provide a contribution by presenting the BWIM analysis performed on two major road bridges in Portugal – Lezíria Bridge and Pinhão Bridge. These bridges are equipped with electric and optical strain gauges, acquisition systems with features that allow high sampling rates. Based on the collected data and focussing on the bridges’ lifetime, a probabilistic approach to quantify extreme traffic loads was implemented using extreme distribution functions. The bridges’ behaviour to these extreme traffic loads is numerically evaluated and a comparison with the alarm levels established by the bridge designers is performed. Although the bridge’s safety is not compromised, it was concluded that the representativeness of the observation period is a critical issue and the analysis of this kind of results must be carefully considered. A comprehensive discussion about this matter is carried out at the end of this work.
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Arıkan, Refik. "An unknown Roman bridge on sangarius and ancient road system around it." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2021): 873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i1.454.
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Not only do road systems serve dominance claims, but they also occupy a vital place as a power instrument. Road systems, made use of, at war, through transportation of army, are also an indispensable instrument for trade network as well as taking the existence of state back of the beyond. In this context, Roman Empire, while generating one of the most important elements for humankind, was able to take its influence, through these road nets constituted by bridges and milestone, to the lands dominated. Courier service has great importance for the rendering of power. In Roman period, the main road, from Belgrade via Edirne (Adrianople) to Istanbul strait, had been extending to Izmit (Nikomedia), passing to Anatolia side. Thus, Izmit that, until the establishment of Istanbul (Constantinapole), was the center of Roman Empire in Asia Minor had rendered a service as a first distribution point of Anatolian road system. From there, routes, leading to Black Sea (Phontus) coasts, were covering a distance to the territorial enclaves of Anatolia. Hence, the main road, extending from İzmit to Anatolia, was leading to Iznik (Nikaea) and from there via Osmaneli (Lefke) was bifurcating through Ankara (Ancyra) and Eskişehir (Dorylaion). Milestones, bridges and roads fitted with stones, still existent, have the evidences for this road nets. Sakarya River (Sangarios) was one of the obstacles in the proceeding of the road net reaching to Lefke surroundings. It was extremely hard to cross this ferocious river described as a hell by traveler Ibn Battuta. Romans had built enormous bridges to cross this obstacle dominating the main road. Even though none of these bridges reached today, their remnants have certain clues. The bridge, to which we refer, is located close to Selçik Village encountered at 3 kilometers far from and northwest of Osmaneli province. This bridge, following the milestones, is one of the most important points of main road extending to Anatolia. In this context we have determined another bridge remnant in the same place through our field research. This ultimate bridge, constructed by six arches, three of which is under the water, was devastated by this river. In this study, this bridge, having no records in literature, will be dealt with the road net surrounding it, and the remnants of this road net penetrating into Anatolia will, also, be examined.Keywords: Sangarius, The Pilgrim’s Road, Roman Bridges, Lefke, Roman and Byzantine Roads
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Nikolov, Peter. "Drainage of road bridges." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1297, no. 1 (2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1297/1/012001.
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Abstract When designing bridges, the main focus is usually on the design of structural elements. However, some important issues related to the safe operation and maintenance of these facilities are sometimes ignored. One such issue is related to the drainage of bridge roadways. In some countries with a well-working system of inspection and maintenance of road networks and of bridges in particular, there are clear rules for the design of bridge drainage. Unlike the common practice in Bulgaria, the goal of bridge drainage design in these countries is to minimize the number of scuppers and to look for appropriate ways to minimize the amount of water in the bridge area. In this paper, the available requirements of Bulgarian design documents and regulations related to drainage systems are studied and a comparison with the bridge design manuals of some US transportation administrations is made
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Bodnar, Larysa, Liuda Panibratets, Mariya Velichko, and Vira Kmetiuk. "ANALYTICAL INFORMATION OF THE AESUM SOFTWARE COMPLEX REGARDING BRIDGES AS OF 2022." Dorogi i mosti 2022, no. 26 (2022): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2022.26.155.
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Introduction. Effective development and maintenance of transport infrastructure is the key to the strategic development of the state. Bridges are the objects of critical infrastructure and, accordingly, an important component of it. In order to make effective management decisions at the level of the State Road Agency of Ukraine in the field of bridge construction, an Analytical Expert Bridge Management System (AESUM) software complex is implemented. Problem statement. Actually, AESUM contains brief technical information on all bridges on public roads, namely on 16,142 transport facilities. Bridge economy is a living system where everything is changing : the number of bridges due to the construction of new ones, the transformation of small bridges into culverts; operating organizations, and also, which is very important — the technical state of bridges. Today, the sampling of bridges inspected and included in the AESUM software complex is 75 % on roads of state importance, 15% on local roads. Accordingly, information on bridges is constantly changing and needs to be updated. It is also important to improve the bridge operation strategy considering the scientific and analytical apparatus of AESUM. Objective. Implementation of the effective strategy for bridges operation on the roads in order for planning financial resources for their repairing and maintenance. Providing the general public with up-to-date statistical information on bridges from AESUM will be useful for use in scientific and scientific-practical purposes, and the identification of certain analytical trends will allow improving AESUM regarding the formation of a bridge operation strategy. Materials and methods. Analytical, statistical, system analysis. Results. The study presents analytical and statistical information about bridges on the public roads of Ukraine. Certain trends and keen attention to the technical condition of bridges have been observed. Conclusions. Actually The technical state of road bridges in Ukraine at the moment is unsatisfactory, which causes significant social and material damage and requires an increase in allocations for their repair and reconstruction. Currently, there is an urgent need for improving and implementing strategies for bridges operation, considering the scientific and analytical apparatus of AESUM for optimal priority planning and timely implementation of rehabilitation works on bridges and maintenance of bridges in proper state with rational use of financial resources.
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Wan, Meng. "Design Strategy of Municipal Roads and Bridges Using BIM Technology." Journal of World Architecture 7, no. 6 (2024): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jwa.v7i6.5690.
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Under the rapid development of socio-economy and urbanization, the state’s attention toward urban infrastructure continues to increase. The construction of municipal road and bridge projects is related to people’s daily travel and transport safety, and it also plays an important role in promoting urban economic development. Therefore, modern technology should be fully utilized in the design of municipal roads and bridges to strengthen construction cost control and increase their social and economic benefits. In this paper, the characteristics and application status of BIM technology in municipal road and bridge design are analyzed, and corresponding road and bridge design strategies are explored to promote the healthy development of municipal road and bridge projects.
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Fan, Zibin. "Study on Vehicle-Bridge Coupled Vibration of Curved Girder Bridges under Different Road Surface Grades." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2024): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/1xw43837.
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This study explores the impact of different levels of road surface smoothness on the dynamic response of bridges. By conducting a detailed analysis under five different conditions of road surface smoothness, the mechanisms by which road surface irregularities affect the dynamic characteristics and safety performance of bridge structures are revealed. The research employs the finite element simulation method to compare and analyze the changes in key dynamic indicators such as vertical displacement, torsional angle, torque, and bending moment of bridges under different grades of road surface smoothness. The results indicate that a decrease in road surface smoothness significantly increases the dynamic response of bridges. The findings provide important reference information for bridge engineers in the design and maintenance of bridges.
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Mandić Ivanković, Ana, Dominik Skokandić, Marija Kušter Marić, and Mladen Srbić. "Performance-Based Ranking of Existing Road Bridges." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (2021): 4398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104398.
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Bridge condition assessment in most European countries is based on visual inspection in combination with damage assessment of bridge components. For adequate bridge management, the assessment needs to be further developed to move from the bridge component level to the system functionality level and finally to the priority ranking level for repairs in the network. Although visual inspection provides only qualitative insights into bridge condition and cannot predict load-carrying capacity, it is still very often the only way to collect data on existing bridges and can provide very important information for evaluating structural safety, traffic safety, durability, and overall bridge condition. Therefore, this paper presents a unique procedure that establishes a relationship between a country-specific bridge condition assessment procedure based on visual inspection and the systematization of key bridge performance indicators developed within the European integrated management approach at three complementary and interrelated levels—component, system, and network levels. The assessment procedure for existing bridges initiates with damage assessment based on visual inspection of bridge components and runs through weighting at component, system, and network levels to the six most important key performance indicators (KPIs) for road bridges, which are organized as graphical and numerical inputs for ranking priority maintenance. These are bridge condition assessment, structural safety, traffic safety, durability indicator, availability, and the importance of the bridge in the network. The procedure is validated on a case study set of five real bridges, using the decision-making process as an example for the small sample size. The case study bridges differ in cross-section, type, and span (which vary from 9.5 to 72 m). The bridges were built between 1958 and 2001 and are located either on state or municipal roads in Croatia. The results, in terms of condition classification and priorities of future interventions within the representative group of bridges, justify the application of the described assessment procedure. Additional digitization efforts could easily implement the described assessment approach at the infrastructure network level.
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Doornink, J. D., T. J. Wipf, and F. W. Klaiber. "Use of Railroad Flatcars in Cost-Effective Low-Volume-Road Bridges." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (2003): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-49.
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The use of railroad flatcars (RRFCs) as the superstructure in lowvolume bridges has been investigated in a research project at Iowa State University. These alternative bridges should enable county engineers to replace old, inadequate county bridges for less money and in a shorter construction time than required for a conventional bridge. Capital saved can be used to improve other areas of secondary road transportation. A feasibility study completed in 1999 by the Bridge Engineering Center at Iowa State University determined that RRFC structures have adequate strength to support Iowa legal traffic loads. In a follow-up research project, two RRFC demonstration bridges with different substructures and RRFC lengths were designed, constructed, and tested to validate the conclusions of the feasibility study. Bridge behavior predicted by grillage models was supported by data from field load tests, and it was determined that the engineered RRFC bridges had live-load stresses significantly below the safe yield strength of the steel and deflections well below the AASHTO bridge design specification limits. Moreover, since analytical procedures were able to predict RRFC bridge behavior, it is possible to analyze each bridge to determine its adequacy for any state’s legal traffic loads or for roads with larger hauling loads, such as quarry or coal-hauling roads. From the results of this research, it has been determined that, through proper RRFC selection, connection, and engineering design, RRFC bridges can be a viable, economic alternative for low-volumeroad bridges.
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Yin, Xinfeng, Yang Liu, Shihui Guo, W. Zhang, and C. S. Cai. "Three-Dimensional Vibrations of a Suspension Bridge Under Stochastic Traffic Flows and Road Roughness." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 07 (2016): 1550038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455415500388.
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When studying the vibration of a bridge–vehicle coupled system, most researchers mainly focus on the vertical vibration of bridges under moving vehicular loads, while the lateral and longitudinal vibrations of the bridges and the stochastic characteristics of the traffic flows are neglected. However, for long-span suspension bridges, neglecting the bridge’s three-dimensional (3D) vibrations under stochastic traffic flows can cause considerable inaccuracy in predicting the dynamic performance. This study is mainly focused on establishing a new methodology fully considering a suspension bridge’s vertical, lateral, and longitudinal vibrations induced by stochastic traffic flows under varied road roughness conditions. A new full-scale vehicle model with 18 degrees of freedom (DOFs) was developed to predict the longitudinal and lateral vibrations of the vehicle. An improved Cellular Automaton (CA) model considering the influence of the next-nearest vehicle was introduced. The bridge and vehicles in traffic flow coupled equations are established by combining the equations of motion of both the bridge and vehicles using the displacement relationship and interaction force relationship at the patch contacts. The numerical simulations show that the proposed method can rationally simulate the 3D vibrations of the suspension bridge under stochastic traffic flows.
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Katopola, Daudi, Fredirick Mashili, and Marie Hasselberg. "Pedestrians’ Perception of Pedestrian Bridges—A Qualitative Study in Dar es Salaam." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (2022): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031238.
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Background: About 30 percent of all road traffic deaths in Tanzania involve pedestrians. As one of the strategies to protect them, pedestrian overhead bridges have been constructed across busy roads, and plans to build more bridges are in place. It has, however, been shown that such pedestrian bridges do not necessarily discourage street-level road crossing, even when pedestrians must cross multiple lanes with heavy traffic. This paper explores the perceptions of pedestrians when crossing urban roads emphasizing pedestrian bridge users. Methods: Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in situ around six pedestrian bridges in Dar es Salaam. All interviews were conducted in Swahili, recorded using digital devices, transcribed verbatim then translated into English. Content analysis was employed using qualitative data analysis software (MAXQDA). Results: We identified three overarching themes, namely, I don’t know if it’s right or wrong, they already decided; the bridge is just a crossing facility, not for other purposes; and follow your gut feeling, even if you don’t know how things will end. The results suggest that many participants prefer to look for alternative means of transport and resorted to more alternative routes just to avoid using pedestrian bridges due to bridges length and crossing time. Conclusion: These findings highlight the concerns caused by alternative uses of pedestrian bridges and underscore the importance of involving local communities and other stakeholders during planning.
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Anand, Mulk Raj, and Surendra Pratap Singh. "Box Type Minor Bridge on Small Rivers in Alluvial Region." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 008 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37047.
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Since time immemorial, humankind has been using various techniques to cross the rivers, streams or any depression without closing or obstructing the original flow through a structure called bridge. With the span of time and advancements in civil engineering, several types of bridges have come into existence like wooden, steel, masonry arches, RCC and pre stressed concrete bridges. Indian Roads Congress categorizes three types of the bridges on the basis of length i.e. culverts up to 6.0 m, minor bridges above 6.0 m to maximum 60.0 m length and major bridges above 60.0 m. In present scenario, minor bridges over small rivers has become necessary for development and prosperity of nation as most of the roads have to cross small rivers at several places to connect remotest corner of the country. Bridges, though a manmade structure, over a period become an important part of environment because in most of the cases water flowing below is used for drinking, irrigation and underground recharging. The alluvial region of India spread from Punjab to West Bengal has a peculiar nature because soil is almost soft in nature consisting of mainly sand, clay and silt which is fertile for vegetation. Water retention and its movement condition are high throughout the year. Several type of water bodies which exists in this type of region are pond, small drain, small and medium rivers which drains into the big rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gomati and Sai etc. Since long time, road system on the earthen track and pucca has been introduced for traffic like chart, chariot and motorized vehicle. There were little number of bridges over major rivers i.e. bridge alone to cross over the river Ganga except in few places like Allahabad, Kanpur and Varanasi and over the Ghaghra Algine bridge, Maghighat, Bhatni. Some bridges were constructed over small and medium rivers in medevial period by local rulers and businesspersons, which have now become obsolete. It is found that most of the bridges are of masonry arches wooden and trusses having insufficient water and carriageway. After independence, the road network system has been improved to meet out socio economic needs of people. The new bridges have been constructed with standard road width and sufficient waterway. Study has been conducted for existing new constructed bridge system over small river and alluvial region of Uttar Pradesh to set guidance for future course of action in replacing and providing new bridges to optimize the needs of the people. Bridge system being provided over small & minor rivers for the road network for new and replacement of older bridge at different site is varying from place to place. For this purpose, study has been conducted for sustainable option of minor bridges over small rivers discharge up to 300 m3 /s. It is found that the box type minor bridges are best option on small & minor rivers.
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Bodnar, Larysa, Serhii Zavhorodnii, Serhii Stepanov, and Vitalii Yastrubinetskyi. "ANALYSIS OF DURABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES OF BRIDGES ACCORDING TO THEIR TYPICAL DESIGNS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 264, no. 4 (2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2020-4-264-58-63.
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Thousands of bridges built in the 20th century are operated on Ukrainian roads. In the limited funding of the road industry of Ukraine, the age of highway bridges is constantly increasing, the number of defects in structures is growing. The largest number of defects is concentrated in the bridge spans. The main part of the bridge spans consists of prefabricated reinforced concrete beams, manufactured in factories of reinforced concrete structures according to standard designs developed in the middle of the last century. As a result of long-term operation of bridges, the shortcomings of these designs which reduce the service life of bridge spans and bridges in general are revealed. The systematic approach is required to study this process. The Analytical Expert Bridge Management System (AESUM) operates in the Ukravtodor system. This software complex accumulates all the information on the results of inspections (certification) of bridges on public roads. The special module AESUM – a database of standard designs of bridge spans which is constantly updated was developed to make decisions on repair works taking into account the features of structures on standard designs, to store this information in a single complex, in electronic form. Standard designs of reinforced concrete bridge spans built and operated on the roads of Ukraine are considered, and a comparative analysis of the features of these designs is performed taking into account the impact on the safety of bridge operation, their main features and shortcomings are given. The concept of rank of the standard design on durability is entered. A formula for estimating the durability of bridge span of a standard design using this concept is proposed. The analysis of durability of bridge span is performed. A number of problematic standard designs have been identified. Keywords: road bridge, standard designs, durability.
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Braschler, Brigitte, Claudine Dolt, and Bruno Baur. "The Function of A Set-Aside Railway Bridge in Connecting Urban Habitats for Animals: A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (2020): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031194.
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As elements of green infrastructure, railway embankments are important corridors in urban environments connecting otherwise isolated habitat fragments. They are interrupted when railways cross major roads. It is not known whether dispersing animals use railway bridges to cross roads. We examined the function of a set-aside iron-steel railway bridge crossing a 12 m wide road with high traffic density in Basel (Switzerland) for dispersing animals. We installed drift fences with traps on a single-track, 32 m long and 6 m wide railway bridge with a simple gravel bed, and collected animals daily for 9 months. We captured more than 1200 animals crossing the bridge: small mammals, reptiles and amphibians as well as numerous invertebrates including snails, woodlice, spiders, harvestmen, millipedes, carabids, rove beetles and ants. For some animals it is likely that the gravel bed, at least temporarily, serves as a habitat. Many animals, however, were apparently dispersing, using the bridge to cross the busy road. We found season- and daytime-dependent differences in the frequency the bridge was used. Our findings indicate an important function of a set-aside railway bridges for connecting urban habitats. As most animal dispersal was recorded during the night, railway bridges with no (or little) traffic during the night may also contribute to animal dispersal. As important elements of green infrastructure, set-aside railway bridges should be considered in future urban planning.
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Knudsen, Ole Øystein, Håkon Matre, Cato Dørum, and Martin Gagné. "Experiences with Thermal Spray Zinc Duplex Coatings on Road Bridges." Coatings 9, no. 6 (2019): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9060371.
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Road bridges are typically designed with a 100-year lifetime, so protective coatings with very long durability are desired. Thermal spray zinc (TSZ) duplex coatings have proven to be very durable. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) has specified TSZ duplex coatings for protection of steel bridges since 1965. In this study, the performance of TSZ duplex coatings on 61 steel bridges has been analyzed. Based on corrosivity measurements on five bridges, a corrosivity category was estimated for each bridge in the study. Coating performance was evaluated from pictures taken by the NPRA during routine inspections of the bridges. The results show that very long lifetimes can be achieved with TSZ duplex coatings. There are examples of 50-year old bridges with duplex coatings in good condition. Even in very corrosive environments, more than 40-year old coatings are still in good condition. While there are a few bridges in this study where the coating failed after only about 20 years, the typical coating failures are due to application errors, low paint film thickness and saponification of the paint. Modern bridge designs and improved coating systems are assumed to increase the duplex coating lifetime on bridges even further.
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Panggabean, Anne Kartika, and Anton Anton Soekiman. "Evaluasi Penerapan Standar Dan Pedoman Bidang Jalan Dan Jembatan." Rekayasa Sipil 15, no. 1 (2021): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2021.015.01.9.
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Standardization, as one of the supporting activities for infrastructure development, has an important role in the utilization of resources and all development activities. Until now, 270 SNI documents and 143 road and bridge guidance documents have been published. Standards and guidelines that have been prepared needs to be evaluated for their application. The purpose of this study is to determinate the percentage of use of road dan bridge standards and guidelines, what the factors that influence the use of road and bridge standards and guidelines, and how to take the alternative strategies to improve the implementation standards and guidelines for road and bridge. The methodology used for determinate factors that influence the use of standards dan guidelines for road and bridges is logistic regression analysis, and to find alternative strategy to improve standards and guidelines is use SWOT analysis method. The result of this study is the use of standards and guidelines for road and bridges is still below 50%. There are 4 factors that influence the use of road and bridge standards and guidelines significantly. The result of SWOT analysis is, the implementation of standards dan guidelines for road and bridges is in quadrant I, which is an advantageous position but need some improvements implementations in the future.
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Yan, Jingbo. "Analysis of Common Diseases and Construction Treatment Technologies of Road and Bridge Engineering." Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering 1, no. 2 (2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/frae.v1i2.45.
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In recent years, the rapid growth of the number of private cars has greatly increased the traffc pressure, so the quality of roads and bridges should be further improved. The paper expounds the related matters of road and bridge engineering from three aspects. Firstly, it expounds the construction principles of road and bridge engineering, which are regarded as the theoretical basis of follow-up research. Secondly, it analyzes the common diseases of road and bridge engineering, including bridgehead damage, reinforcement corrosion, and subgrade uneven settlement, etc. Finally, it puts forward the construction treatment technology of road and bridge engineering on the basis of the construction principles and taking the common diseases as reference.
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Lu, Song, Ying Yue, Yihong Wang, et al. "The Factors Influencing Wildlife to Use Existing Bridges and Culverts in Giant Panda National Park." Diversity 15, no. 4 (2023): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15040487.
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Roads, acting as barriers, hamper wildlife movements and disrupt habitat connectivity. Bridges and culverts are common structures on roads, and some of them can function to allow wildlife passage. This study investigated the effects of traffic, the surrounding landscape, human disturbance, and bridge and culvert structures on the utilization of bridges and culverts as dedicated passages by wildlife, using motion-activated infrared camera traps along a 64 km road in Giant Panda National Park, Sichuan, China. The results show that both species richness and counts of wildlife recorded at the bridge and culvert were significantly lower than those observed at sites distant from roads. No large-sized wildlife was recorded at the bridges and culverts. Human activities and traffic volume significantly and negatively affect medium-sized wildlife utilization of bridges and culverts. We conclude that bridges and culverts serve as wildlife crossings, but their efficacy is weak. This emphasizes the necessity of retrofitting bridges and culverts via mitigation facilities such as noise and light barriers, and vegetation restoration on both sides of the roads in Giant Panda National Park.
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Park, Young Suk, Dong Ku Shin, and Tae Ju Chung. "Influence of road surface roughness on dynamic impact factor of bridge by full-scale dynamic testing." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 5 (2005): 825–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-040.
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Effects of road surface roughness on the dynamic impact factor of bridge are investigated through full-scale field loading tests under controlled traffic conditions. The dynamic time histories of displacements are obtained for twenty-five bridges on Korean highways. The impact factors of the bridges are evaluated by using the measured displacements. The road surface profiles of the twenty-five bridges are also measured at every 10 to 30 cm interval in the span direction. By using the measured road surface profiles, the international roughness index (IRI) and the roughness coefficients of the bridges are evaluated. The linear regression and correlation analyses are performed to obtain the coherences between the IRI and the roughness coefficient and between the IRI and the impact factor. The sample correlation coefficients between the impact factor and the IRI and between the impact factor and the roughness coefficient are calculated to be 0.61 and 0.62, respectively, showing a strong coherence between the road surface roughness and the impact factor.Key words: bridge, impact factor, road surface roughness, international roughness index, roughness coefficient.
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Mudahemuka, Eugene, Masatatsu Miyagi, Ryota Shin, Naoki Kaneko, Yukihiko Okada, and Kyosuke Yamamoto. "Estimating Bridge Natural Frequencies Based on Modal Analysis of Vehicle–Bridge Synchronized Vibration Data." Sensors 24, no. 4 (2024): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24041060.
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This paper presents a method for accurately estimating the natural frequencies of bridges by simultaneously measuring the acceleration vibration data of vehicles and bridges and applying modal analysis theory. Vibration sensors synchronized with GPS timing were installed on both vehicles and bridges, achieving stable and high-precision time synchronization. This enabled the computation of the bridge’s Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) for each mode, leading to a refined estimation of natural frequencies. The validity of the theory was confirmed through numerical simulations and experimental tests. The simulations confirmed its effectiveness, and similar trends were observed in actual bridge measurements. Consequently, this method significantly enhances the feasibility of bridge health monitoring systems. The proposed method is suitable for road bridges with spans ranging from short- to medium-span length, where the vehicle is capable of exciting the bridge.
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Bilchenko, Anatoly, та Alexander Kislov. "Аnalyzing existing systems of bridgework management on motorways". Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University 2, № 92 (2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.92.2.44.
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Abstract. The existing system of bridgework management in our country does not satisfy the bridge branch as it is financially and organizationally integrated in the structure of the road organizations which allocate for operation of bridge constructions4÷10 % of all financing for road operation. This situation is explained by the fact that bridges are very capital-intensive and require in-depth preparation in the hierarchy of road organizations. Goal. The purpose of this work is to improve the system ofbridge management in the country based on the analysis of world experience. Methodology. The analysis of many bridge management systems in Europe and the United States may allow to find the most rational solution in terms of practical implementation, to improve the situation in the bridge industry – which is the transition from overhaul to preservation of structures in the first 15-20 years. Results. This preservation allows to extend their service life. During this period the repairs of road clothes (at the expense of capital repairs) should be carried out aiming to prevent from developing damages of reinforced concrete elements. Originality. The main feature of the improved system of bridgework management is ensured regulation of the process of bridges maintenance which would provide comfort for traffic and long-term safety of structure functioning. Practical value. To implement this system, it is necessary to divide the operation of roads and the operation of bridges into separate structures with separate funding.
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Georgiev, Lazar. "Study of Problems Related to Pedestrian Bridges in Bulgaria." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1297, no. 1 (2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1297/1/012002.
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Abstract Pedestrian bridges due to specific features of the traffic on them have different parameters of structural behaviour and proportions in comparison with road and railway bridges. The lower traffic intensity leads to the possibility of realisation of slender structures with complex geometry. In accordance with Bulgarian national regulations the importance category of the bridge structures is related only with the road passing or under the structure. In Bulgaria there are large number of pedestrian bridges with relatively large spans up to 260m on small village roads and forest roads. Due to their low category in accordance with national regulations the process of control in their design, execution and maintenance is realised by the relevant municipalities. In the case of large spans suspension and cable-stayed superstructures are often used but the technical staff in the municipalities is frequently with no enough expert level in the complex behaviour of such type of structures. In the paper some common structural deficiencies, illustrated on analysis of particular pedestrian bridges in exploitation are discussed.
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Russell, Tracey C., Catherine A. Herbert, James L. Kohen, and Des Cooper. "The incidence of road-killed possums in the Ku-ring-gai area of Sydney." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 1 (2013): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12118.
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The spatial and temporal incidence of possum mortality on roads was monitored in Sydney’s northern suburbs over a two-year period. In total, 217 road surveys were completed, equating to over 17 000 km travelled. Almost 600 possums were observed as road-kill, with common ringtail possums (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) encountered in 87% of surveys and almost three times as often as common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) (encountered in 52% of surveys). Roads were classified into three categories based on adjacent landscape attributes, with the road-side environment ranging from suburban housing to continuous sclerophyll forest. Clusters, or ‘hot spots’, for possum road-kill were identified using GIS. Most possum fatalities, and five out of six hot spots, occurred along roads at the bush–urban interface, suggesting high possum movement rates and/or abundance at these sites. Continuous canopy across the road was available along only 4% of the roads surveyed, forcing these arboreal marsupials to cross roads via electricity wires or at ground level, making them vulnerable to collision with vehicles. In an attempt to mitigate the possum road toll, two rope tunnel bridges were erected at canopy level above the most consistent hot spot. Subsequent monitoring of the roads was undertaken for 10 months after erection of the canopy bridge and road-kill numbers declined significantly at the site of the bridges, but also at adjacent sites throughout the study area.
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Christian, Efrans, Viktor Handrianus Pranatawijaya, Widiatry Widiatry, and Muhammad Dwi Saputra. "Website Layanan Pengaduan Masyarakat Pada Bina Marga Kota Palangka Raya." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 2, no. 3 (2022): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47111/jointecoms.v2i3.8867.
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The public complaint service website is a support system primarily for the community who wish to report road and bridge damage complaints in the Public Works Department. In handling community complaints, the Public Works Department has a mechanism for handling complaints that can be done directly or using WhatsApp applications. This results in complaint handling still being manual and not computerized. The Waterfall software development methodology was used in designing and building this system. The stages involved were: Requirements Definitions, System and Software Design, Implementation and Unit Testing, Integration and System Testing, and Operation and Maintenance. The programming language used in developing the website was PHP, the database used was MySQL, and blackbox testing was performed. After testing, the website can run its functions well, which is to manage complaint data entered into the database. The aim is for the Public Works Department to plan road and bridge construction and repairs in a more structured manner and to help with road and bridge monitoring. This website can facilitate the public in reporting the location of damaged roads and bridges using the Google Maps API, making it easier for users to determine the location of damaged roads and bridges.
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Tegos, Nikolaos, Ilias Papadopoulos, and Georgios Aretoulis. "Definition of Compliance Criterion Weights for Bridge Construction Method Selection and Their Application in Real Projects." Buildings 13, no. 11 (2023): 2891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112891.
Full textAbstract:
The main research purpose of the present paper is the establishment of certain compliance criteria, applied for the selection of the most appropriate, per case, bridge construction method, as well as the definition of the weights of these criteria. The five basic concrete bridge construction methods considered in this study are: Cast-in-place, Precast I-Girder, Incremental Launching, Advanced Shoring, and Balanced Cantilever. In this context, the choice of construction method in a concrete road bridge project is proposed based on seven compliance criteria which are: safety, economy, durability, construction speed, serviceability, aesthetics, and environmental harmonization. The inclusion of all these criteria is achieved via the decision-making tool of multi-criteria analysis. A notable innovation of the current study is that road bridges are divided into three categories (bridges for highways, national roads, and provincial roads), in accordance with the importance of the road that contains them. Thus, three different sets of weights of criteria are calculated, corresponding to each bridge category. The research method used for this purpose was a structured questionnaire that was distributed to a large number of selected experts in the field of bridges, who come either from academia or the construction industry. The research results showed that the criteria of safety and economy are the most significant according to the experts, while aspects such as the correlations between experts’ profile and their weights were also considered. Finally, the derived criterion weights were applied to two case studies of real bridge projects in Greece.
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Yao, Gang, Linjun Wu, Yang Yang, Yuanlin Zheng, Bin Qin, and Yuxiao Chen. "A scientometric research and critical analysis of road-rail bridge." Vibroengineering Procedia 51 (October 20, 2023): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23552.
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With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, the development of transportation is particularly important. Therefore, the road-rail bridge has rapidly developed. We searched the relevant literature from 2002 to 2022 in the Web of Science database in order to objectively understand the research status and development trend of road-rail bridges. We use bibliometric analysis methods to analyze the year of publication, number of publications, distribution of academic journals, research institutions, application fields, analysis theories, test methods and influencing factors in the field of road-rail bridges. Using Citespace software, we analyzed 184 research articles related to road-rail bridges.
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Phares, B. M., F. W. Klaiber, and T. J. Wipf. "Low-Volume Road Bridge Alternative." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (2000): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-21.
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Recent reports indicate that a significant number of the nation’s bridges are either structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. A large number of these bridges are on the secondary road system and fall under the jurisdiction of county engineers with limited budgets and engineering staff. In response to this problem, a bridge replacement system was developed for simple span bridges with minimal to no skew that county engineers can design and build with limited resources. The bridge system involves fabrication of precast units consisting of two steel beams connected with a thin reinforced concrete deck. The precast deck thickness is limited to reduce the weight of the units so that they can be fabricated at one site and then easily transported to the bridge site. Multiple units are then connected on site to give the desired width of bridge, after which a reinforced cast-in-place concrete deck is placed over the entire bridge. Development of the design methodology for the steel beam precast unit bridge consisted of four phases. During the initial phase, small-scale bridge components and a full-scale model bridge were constructed and tested in the Iowa State University Structural Engineering Laboratory. These specimens were tested under a variety of loading configurations under service and ultimate loads. After completion of the laboratory testing, finite-element models of the laboratory bridge were developed and validated with data collected during the first phase. The validated finite-element model was then used to extrapolate analyses of common bridge configurations. The results of the analytical investigation were then combined with classic bridge engineering principles into a design methodology that is easy to use and understand. Although it is not discussed in detail, a demonstration project in which this concept was used has recently been completed and tested.
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Malla, PhD, Dalip Kumar. "Road Access under Thirty Two Bridge Constructions in Karnali Highway: An Analysis of Socio-economic Impact in Community." Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research 4, no. 3 (2023): p48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sshsr.v4n3p48.
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The ground conditions of Nepal, road transport is not possible in all places. Without roads, development cannot accelerate and economic and social changes cannot occur. Construction of bridges to connect roads has become a very important issue. After the bridge is built on the road, the access of road transport to the settlements in those remote places becomes easier. It plays a role in making the daily life of the people living in that place easier as well as including the contribution of women in economic development. The bridge construction program is anticipating limited adverse impacts of land acquisition and resettlement confined to the area near the bridge works. Based on experience, adverse social impacts are likely to be temporary during the project work, such as temporary land leasing for the contractor operations. Access to the Bridge helps the beneficiaries. The construction provides a bridge, which provides for communities to access all weather. The bridge has accessibility, reducing travel time and improving access to economic centers and social services, whereas the community is easy for their livestock. They can easily market their agricultural products on the market. The impact of these bridges would increase the internal and external tourism market as well as assist those provinces. It is believed that after the construction of the bridge, the standard of living of the citizens living in that place will improve and the agricultural products produced by them will find the market easily. By saving time on the one hand and helping, in financial gain, on the other hand, the bridges constructed here will have a positive impact on the lives of the people.
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Dagá, Joaquín, Alondra Chamorro, Hernán de Solminihac, and Tomás Echaveguren. "Development of fragility curves for road bridges exposed to volcanic lahars." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 8 (2018): 2111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2111-2018.
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Abstract. One of the main volcanic processes affecting road bridges are lahars, which are flows of water and volcanic material running down the slopes of a volcano and river valleys. Several studies have evidenced the effects of other volcanic processes on road infrastructure; however, limited information is available about the effects of lahars on bridges. In this paper, bridge failure models due to lahars are proposed and, based on these, fragility curves are developed. Failure models consider the limit state of pier and abutment overturning, and deck sliding caused by lahars. Existing physical models are used to stochastically characterize lahar loads and overturning momentum on bridges. Monte Carlo simulations are applied to quantify the probability of bridge failure given by different lahar depths. Fragility curves of bridges are finally parameterized by maximum likelihood estimation, assuming a cumulative log-normal distribution. Bridge failure models are empirically evaluated using data on 15 bridges that were affected by lahars in the last 50 years. Developed models suggest that decks fail mainly due to pier and/or abutment overturning, rather than deck-sliding forces. Moreover, it is concluded that bridges with piers are more vulnerable to lahars than bridges without piers. Further research is being conducted to develop an application tool to simulate the effects of expected lahars on exposed bridges of a road network.
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Jin, Tao, Qi Huang, Yong Ding, and Li Feng Zhu. "Measurement and Analysis of the Structural Noise of Urban Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 1623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.1623.
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To explore the noise generated by bridges during operational period, the equivalent continuous sound pressure levels of 12 bridges in the city of Ningbo were measured and analyzed. The measured data show that (1) Although the measured sound levels of these bridges meet the requirement of Chinese codes, they are near the maximum limit and the vibration and noise reduction is necessary; (2) A-weighted sound level of bridge is close to that of the road nearby; (3) Z-weighted sound level of bridge is much greater than that of the road nearby, it indicates that the bridge noise contains much low frequency noise, so that A-weighted sound level can’t reflect the noise of bridge accurately, and Z-weighted sound level shall be used to evaluate the acoustic environment near bridges.
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Han, Y., S. Q. Shu, and D. Tan. "Numerical Simulation on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Road Vehicles on Bridges under Cross Winds." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.241.
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The aerodynamic force coefficients of road vehicles under wind loads depend on not only the shapes of vehicles but also those of infrastructures, such as a bridge. Therefore, study of the aerodynamic characteristics of road vehicles considering the interaction of aerodynamic forces between the road vehicles and bridge is necessary for predicting the performance of vehicle under wind loads properly. This paper studies aerodynamic characteristics of road vehicles when vehicles run on bridges under cross winds using the CFD method. The dependence of aerodynamic forces on vehicle speeds, the interaction of aerodynamic forces between the vehicles and bridges and the influence of the turbulence are investigated by different simulation cases.
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Xhaferaj, Iralda. "Structural Investigation of Drini River Bridges, Case Study of Structures Analyses." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL MECHANICS 19 (May 16, 2024): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232011.2024.19.7.
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The Drini is the longest river not only in Albania, but in the west Balkan region, with a total length of 285 km. It is well known for a lot of number and famous bridges constructed since the antiquity period and continuing nowadays. This paper is focused on the structural development of bridges that used to be called “Kukësi Bridges” located over the White and Black Drini rivers. The old bridges were built and designed in 1974 using KTP Albanian national codes, carrying the first-class road until the building of a national road. The new bridge is in the final construction stage with the reconstruction of the national road highway, designed with advanced requirements regarding Eurocode standards. This paper analyses the structural bridges' progress related to historical and technical points of view.
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Huang, Rong Yau, and Ping Fu Chen. "The Influential Factors and Association Rules for Bridge Deck Deterioration - Case Study of National Bridge Inventory Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 2276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.2276.
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Bridge is the hub of a road, playing an important role in transportation. With the age of bridges increasing in recent years, the condition of bridges is deteriorating. Bridge deterioration usually results from multiple factors. Studies in exploring the factors leading to bridge deterioration and its state estimation are booming. However, studies in the relationship between bridge deterioration and external environment by using database are still limited. Since 1992, National Bridge Inventory (NBI) has collected basic and historical information of bridges in every state, a very rich database which should include some valuable knowledge. Hence, through clustering and classifying in data mining, this study explores association rules for bridge deterioration, which is displayed in decision tree with clear routes for reference. Using association rules developed by thus study, bridge maintenance personnel can understand the future state of the bridge under their jurisdiction, respond to risks and costs of bridge deterioration, extend the service life of bridges, and protect the safety of road users.
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Hamunzala, Bennie, Hiroto Goto, and Koji Matsumoto. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Estimating the Construction Years of Cambodia Road Bridges Using an Improved Satellite-Based Method." Remote Sensing 16, no. 24 (2024): 4796. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244796.
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This study evaluates the effectiveness of an enhanced satellite-based method for estimating the construction years of Cambodian road bridges. By leveraging Landsat satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Water Index 2 (NDWI_2), in combination with the sequential t-test analysis of regime shifts (STARS) method, this research identifies significant shifts in NDWI_2 values indicative of bridge construction activities. A total of 423 road bridges were analyzed, with the accuracy of the method assessed using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The improved method demonstrated considerable accuracy, with 64.3% of bridges classified as high-accuracy (MAE of 0–5), 20.8% as moderate-accuracy (MAE of 6–10), and 14.9% as low-accuracy (MAE of 11–30). Factors such as the bridge length and data quality were found to influence accuracy. A regression analysis comparing the actual bridge age to damage ratings closely aligned with the model using the estimated bridge age to damage ratings, suggesting that the the estimated bridge age obtained from the estimated construction years, in conjunction with damage ratings, provide a reliable basis for evaluating the damage trends of road bridges. The findings underscore the method’s potential for broader applications in regions with limited infrastructure data. Although effective for medium to large bridges, challenges remain for smaller bridges due to spatial resolution limitations. Recommendations for further enhancement include refining data preprocessing, segmenting bridges by size, and incorporating auxiliary datasets. This research highlights the critical role of accurate construction year estimation in effective bridge infrastructure monitoring and maintenance planning.
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Siwowski, Tomasz, and Piotr Żółtowski. "Strengthening Bridges with Prestressed CFRP Strips." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 7, no. 1 (2012): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10299-012-0021-2.
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Abstract Limitation of bridge’s carrying bearing capacity due to aging and deterioration is a common problem faced by road administration and drivers. Rehabilitation of bridges including strengthening may be applied in order to maintain or upgrade existing bridge parameters. The case studies of strengthening of two small bridges with high modulus prestressed CFRP strips have been presented in the paper. The first one - reinforced concrete slab bridge - and the other - composite steel-concrete girder bridge - have been successfully upgraded with quite new technology. In both cases the additional CFRP reinforcement let increasing of bridge carrying capacity from 15 till 40 metric tons. The CFRP strip prestressing system named Neoxe Prestressing System (NPS), developed by multi-disciplinary team and tested at full scale in Rzeszow University of Technology, has been also described in the paper.
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Yermakova, Inna, and Maxim Nechyporenko. "REUSE OF BRIDGE GIRDERS AS BRIDGE SPAN STRUCTURES OF TEMPORARY BRIDGES." Dorogi i mosti 2021, no. 24 (2021): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2021.24.097.
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Introduction. This article presents the results of study of the quality of girders that were used for the construction of temporary road bridge. In the bridge construction practice there is a need to use girders in the construction of road bridges on local roads that can be reused in temporary bridges construction. It is important when using such structures to determine their reliability for long-term operation. The cost of bridge girders is up to 60% of the cost of a new bridge, so the reuse of utilizedsed girders is economically feasible. Utilized girders can be reused on local roads and temporary bridges. Problem statement. To determine the usability of utilized girders in temporary bridges construction and provide recommendations for the girders reuse and possible bridge design structures. Materials and methods. The following works were performed during the inspection: visual inspection of the girders at places of their storage after dismounting; measurement of the basic sizes of girders; determination of concrete strength by non-destructive test method; determination of the number of working reinforcement and the protective layer thickness; measurements of pH of concrete of a protective layer were performed; registration of existing defects was performed. The following measurements were performed during the tests: general displacements and deformations of structural elements of the structures; relative deformations of cross sections; local deformations (displacements in joints). Results. According to the results of tests and calculations, the bearing capacity of the bridge span structure was determined. After analyzing the results of experimental and theoretical studies, conclusions were made regarding the operational performance of the girders of the bridge span structure. Conclusions. Girders in the 1st, the 2nd and the 3rd technical state can be considered suitable for bridge span structures unreservedly. Girders in the 4th technical state, need repairing and reinforcement for reuse in bridge span structures. They cannot be used without repairing. Girders in the 5th technical state cannot be used in the span structures of road bridges. They can be used, for example, as transition slabs, or for pedestrian bridges and crossings, or can be used for testing the technology of bridge structures repairing. Thus, tests of bridge girders and full-size joints testify that the accepted design decision provides the needed bearing capacity of girders and of the bridge span structure as a whole. This confirms the sufficient reliability of utilized girders in the further work. Practice shows that it is also needed to pay great attention to the following: firstly- to the methods of dismantling the girders without damage; secondly — to the proper storage of girders after dismantling.
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Pejović, Jelena, Nina Serdar, and Radenko Pejović. "Damage Assessment of Road Bridges Caused by Extreme Streamflow in Montenegro: Reconstruction and Structural Upgrading." Buildings 12, no. 6 (2022): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060810.
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The extreme river streamflow that occurred during floods in 2010 in Montenegro caused significant damage to infrastructure and road facilities. The most severe damages were located on bridges crossing the river Lim, where a rapid water level increase in several municipalities led to failure or damage of almost 20 bridges. In this paper, a damage assessment of four significantly damaged reinforced concrete (RC) bridges, located in the affected zone of 40 km, is conducted. One bridge in Berane (bridge 1) and three bridges located on roads upstream from Berane (bridges 2, 3, and 4) were analyzed. Extreme water levels and inadequate flow profiles caused great damage to the bridges of which the piers were not adequately founded. A scouring process under the foundation of piers and abutments located in the riverbed occurred due to surface erosion and degradation of alluvial sediments. Applied methods and techniques for reconstruction and structural strengthening of bridges are presented in detail as well as results of conducted analyses of the design reconstruction process. In order to design appropriate structural strengthening, nonlinear analyses of bridges due to the settlement of the piers were performed. The research findings can be used in the vulnerability assessment and reconstruction planning phases for other bridges in the considered zone.
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Bodnar, Larysa, Ruslan Nesterenko, Volodymyr Kaskiv, Volodymyr Kaskiv, and Yaroslav Bolotov. "ANALYSIS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORT FACILITIES ROADWAY DIMENSIONING." Dorogi i mosti 2022, no. 25 (2022): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2022.25.149.
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Abstract Introduction. According to DSTU 8814: 2018 “Road bridges. Terms and Definitions” transport facility is a structure to ensure the proper functioning of the road in difficult geological and hydrological conditions, as well as in the case of crossing the road obstacles: watercourses, highways, railways, etc. One of the indicators of safe operation and normal functioning of roads and transport facilities located on them is the dimension of the roadway - the width of the bridge deck, which is intended for the location of the roadway and safety lanes. Problem statement. The designing of transport facilities is a creative, but at the same time responsible process, which in turn is due to certain regulatory restrictions. One of the important designing criteria is the dimension of the roadway. Since the structure is located on the road, the width of the road should be harmonized with it and not create inconvenience to road users by decreasing of traffic speeds or inconveniences for low-mobility groups on sidewalks, the formation of "tunnel effect", etc. Actually, according to the Analytical Expert Bridge Management System (AESUM) in Ukraine, about 30% of structures on public roads have a dimension that does not meet the requirements of regulations on the width of the roadway. And transport facilities with oversized dimensions are more than 60% (9896 bridges and overpasses). The need to consider this topic is to harmonize the rules for the designing of bridges and roads, improving traffic safety and as a consequence increasing the financial efficiency of transportation. Purpose. The purpose of study is to draw the attention of structures owners, customers and design organizations to the importance of harmonious coexistence of roads and buildings located on them. Also, to draw the attention of developers of regulatory documents to the fact that the narrow dimensions of transport facilities can cause difficulties during the repairing works with partial blockage of traffic. Results. “DerzhdorNDI” SE scientists performed an analysis of regulatory documents on the determination of the dimensions of transport facilities for more than 70 years. Conclusions. According to the results of analysis of regulations on the determination of transport facilities dimensions, an example was presented, in accordance with current regulations, when a collision occurs after repairing works, namely the need to install “Road Narrowing” signs. Also the emphasis had been placed on further harmonization of regulations on the designing of roads and transport facilities. Keywords: transport facilities, roads, dimension, road