To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Road design and construction.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Road design and construction'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Road design and construction.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rehnberg, Adam. "Suspension design for off-road construction machines." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33883.
Full textAbstract:
Construction machines, also referred to as engineering vehicles or earth movers, are used in a variety of tasks related to infrastructure development and material handling. While modern construction machines represent a high level of sophistication in several areas, their suspension systems are generally rudimentary or even nonexistent. This leads to unacceptably high vibration levels for the operator, particularly when considering front loaders and dump trucks, which regularly traverse longer distances at reasonably high velocities. To meet future demands on operator comfort and high speed capacity, more refined wheel suspensions will have to be developed. The aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate which factors need to be considered in the fundamental design of suspension systems for wheeled construction machines. The ride dynamics of wheeled construction machines are affected by a number of particular properties specific to this type of vehicle. The pitch inertia is typically high in relation to the mass and wheelbase, which leads to pronounced pitching. The axle loads differ considerably between the loaded and the unloaded condition, necessitating ride height control, and hence the suspension properties may be altered as the vehicle is loaded. Furthermore, the low vertical stiffness of off-road tyres means that changes in the tyre properties will have a large impact on the dynamics of the suspended mass. The impact of these factors has been investigated using analytical models and parameters for a typical wheel loader. Multibody dynamic simulations have also been used to study the effects of suspended axles on the vehicle ride vibrations in more detail. The simulation model has also been compared to measurements performed on a prototype wheel loader with suspended axles. For reasons of manoeuvrability and robustness, many construction machines use articulated frame steering. The dynamic behaviour of articulated vehicles has therefore been examined here, focusing on lateral instabilities in the form of “snaking” and “folding”. A multibody dynamics model has been used to investigate how suspended axles influence the snaking stability of an articulated wheel loader. A remote-controlled, articulated test vehicle in model-scale has also been developed to enable safe and inexpensive practical experiments. The test vehicle is used to study the influence of several vehicle parameters on snaking stability, including suspension, drive configuration and mass distribution. Comparisons are also made with predictions using a simplified linear model. Off-road tyres represent a further complication of construction machine dynamics, since the tyres’ behaviour is typically highly nonlinear and difficult to evaluate in testing due to the size of the tyres. A rolling test rig for large tyres has here been evaluated, showing that the test rig is capable of producing useful data for validating tyre simulation models of varying complexity. The theoretical and experimental studies presented in this thesis contribute to the deeper understanding of a number of aspects of the dynamic behaviour of construction machines. This work therefore provides a basis for the continued development of wheel suspensions for such vehicles.QC 20110531
2
Obuzor, Gift Nwadinma. "Development of technology for the construction of low-cost road embankments." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2011. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/development-of-technology-for-the-construction-of-lowcost-road-embankments(e92d7c4e-e9d5-47e8-bf8e-e4b66769dd2d).html.
Full textAbstract:
It is envisaged that flood plains will be put into more active usage to meet the increasing demands for road infrastructural development as well as relieve the pressure exerted on arable lands owing to infrastructural development activities. This is consequent upon the general shortfall in the availability of soils possessing the right engineering properties to carry infrastructures such as roads which consume large tracks of land. Expanding the global infrastructural base is inevitable due to the ever increasing human population and the need to meet their social, economic, political and transportation needs. However, owing to the prevailing environmental awareness campaigns fronted by different environmental agencies, there is the need to regulate and monitor the interaction of the processes involved in the provision of these needs with the limited resources as well as the environmental aftermath associated with such operations. The stabilization of flood plain soils for road embankment construction is envisaged to reduce the demand on the material resources required to build classical high embankments in flood prone areas as well as offer implied mitigating dimensions in the restoration of environmental integrity. This impliedly will reduce the use of traditionally unsustainable methods of soil stabilization such as, the excavation and importation of new materials, to a more robust system that will offer environmental friendliness amidst value engineering for better strength and durability results. The experimental processes involved the simulation of flooding scenarios in the laboratory, to monitor the strength and durability aspects of low-bearing-capacity soils (such as Lower Oxford Clay) stabilized with blended mixes of the traditional stabilizer of lime and the novel materials of lime and Ground Granulated Blastfumace Slag (GOBS) by-product combined. Preliminary investigations were carried out on the Lower Oxford Clay soil to establish the moisture and compaction requirements of the material. Different mix compositions were formulated by incrementally replacing the amount of lime in the system with GOBS. This was based on the premise that high stabilizer contents could offer better stabilization to flood susceptible geo-materials upon flooding. A high stabilizer level of 16% was therefore investigated. Regimes of different blending ratios were established as follows: 16%Lime-0%GGBS, 12%Lime-4%GGBS, 8%Lime-8%GGBS, 4%Lime-12%GGBS and 0%Lime-16%GGBS and tested at moisture contents of 23%, 28%, 33% and 38%. The two extremes 16%Lime-0%GGBS and 0%Lime-16GGBS were used as controls. A system of elimination based on strength criteria was employed, where only the 8%Lime- 8%GGBS and 4%Lime-12%GGBS mixtures were deemed fit to be investigated further to determine their resistance to challenging environmental factors of flooding. The test samples were cylindrical, measuring 50 mm in diameter and 100 mm long, and these were compacted using a static compaction apparatus to achieve Maximum Dry Density (MDD). Depending on the testing regime to be applied to a given specimen, a curing pattern was defined and samples were wrapped in cling film to minimise moisture losses. At the end of each curing period of 7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 days, one of the experimental procedures which ranged from Unconfined Compressive Strength, Water Absorption, Volume Stability, Permeability, Soaked Strength and Durability Index Assessment or Compressibility Assessment was carried out on the moist cured samples. Following these assessments, the 4%Lime-12%GGBS mix composition was appraised to have overall improved characteristics with the added benefit of reduced cost of material utilisation. Based on the available data, regression analyses were carried out and equations established for predicting the strength values of stabilized materials. Using these equations further extrapolations were made and the observable trends were those of the dependence of compressive strength on the age of moist curing and the compaction moisture contents at which samples were produced at given blended mixture. Cost-benefit-risk analysis was also carried out with a further cost annualisation of the capital and operational cost of a selected system. It is reassuring to learn that at replacement level of lime with GOBS of 4%Lime-12%GGBS it was possible to establish multi-binder mixtures that could be effectively used for sustainable construction in flood prone areas with enormous savings accruing from the possible higher strength and enhanced durability indices achievable over traditional unsustainable options of continued over-reliance on lime and Portland cement.
3
Sadagah, Bahaaeldin Hashim. "Engineering geological maps for road design & construction in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47636.
Full text
4
McKinney, Edward James. "The evolution of a commercial strip : a design approach for Howell Mill Road, Atlanta, Georgia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23081.
Full text
5
Cheung, Kwong-chung. "Reinforced earth wall design & construction in northern access road for Cyberport Development /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3676288X.
Full text
6
Cheung, Kwong-chung, and 張光中. "Reinforced earth wall design & construction in northern access road for Cyberport Development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014279.
Full text
7
McLaughlin, Logan M. "Understanding Road Use and Road User Interaction: An Exploratory Ethnographic Study Toward the Design of Autonomous Vehicles." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849632/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis contributes to research that informs the design of autonomous vehicles (AVs). It examines interactions among various types of road users, such as pedestrians and drivers, and describes how findings can contribute to the design of AVs. The work was undertaken as part of a research internship at Nissan Research Center-Silicon Valley on the Human Understanding in Design team. Methods included video ethnography “travel-alongs” which captured the experience of travel from the point of view of drivers and pedestrians, analysis of interaction patterns taken from video of intersections, and analysis of road laws. Findings address the implications of what it will mean for AVs to exist as social entities in a world of varied road contexts, and how AVs might navigate the social act of driving on roads they share with a variety of human users. This thesis contributes to an emerging body of research and application on the subject of the AV in the world.
8
Karagania, Richard M. "Road roughness and infrastructure damage." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36011/1/36011_Karagania_1997.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Scientific research has identified road roughness as a significant factor that
contributes to increased vehicle dynamic wheel loads and therefore damage to
pavements and bridges. The other factors include vehicle speed and vehicle
suspension type. More specifically and regarding road roughness, research has
shown that damaging effects are caused by certain wavelengths and features in road
profiles and not the overall road roughness. Various methods of classifying road
roughness based on the ride quality are available. These methods, though important,
are limited in identifying the location of features along road profiles that cause
exceptionally high dynamic wheel loads hence damage. It is the development of a
methodology for identifying the location of these abnormally high dynamic wheel
forces that this thesis addresses.
A vehicle-road interaction model was developed for this research. This computer
model uses a quarter vehicle model and recorded road profile elevation data to
simulate the response of half a vehicle axle (quarter vehicle) driving along a road. 47
road profiles over 17 bridges were measured to run the model.
Signal processing techniques developed by electrical and mechanical engineers have
been used as an additional tool to road profile analysis. These techniques are very
powerful and their application to road profile investigations is significant. Using
computer simulation and by combining ride and damage criteria analysis, a
methodology of identifying segments of road that induce high dynamic wheel forces
and the location of abnormally high dynamic wheel forces has been established.
9
Olsson, Sofia. "Concept Study of Construction Ingress." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15647.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to, on Volvo Truck’s account, look at a new concept for the construction ingress used on construction vehicles which have a higher ground clearance than ordinary trucks. The high ground clearance makes it hard for the driver to reach the first instep and therefore a construction ingress is assembled below the stationary insteps. It is designed in a way that avoids damage if colliding with objects.
The present construction ingress used is too expensive, too complex and a bit unsteady to climb on. There is also a new construction vehicle being developed and the old ingress might not fit the new truck.
The concept generation is carried out using systematic concept development. There are many demands and requests for the ingress and these are summarized in a design criterion list. All wished-for properties can not be fulfilled for the simplest ingress designs since they conflict with each other, for example flexibility and stability.
The concepts that are generated are evaluated and selected through different matrices until one concept is found to be the most promising. Different designs of this concept are discussed and one is chosen as the most suitable. The chosen concept design is already used by at least two competitors and that confirms its suitability.
The detailed design presented is only a suggestion for a new construction ingress. Before manufacturing the design needs to be analysed more accurately and the strength, material and cost need to be optimized. The analyses made in the project only show that the design is realistic and that it is worth further work. The final design is promising since it is stable to use, consists of only a few simple parts and will be cheap to manufacture.
10
Chan, Kwok-wong, and 陳國煌. "The study of utilization of pulverized fuel ash in road construction in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31232966.
Full text
11
Stephenson, Gregory John. "Use of stone mastic asphalt mixtures in road pavement maintenance and construction." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
Find full text
12
Ng'anjo, Peter. "Research into the properties of lateritic gravels and their impact on pavement design." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51897.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Ing.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Laterites are used extensively in the tropics as road building materials in unbound base, sub-base layers and in surface layers. However, most base course specifications usually require the provision of crushed and graded stone or stabilized base and often exclude the general use of as-dug laterites or other naturally occurring gravels. Various field studies in the past have clearly indicated that many lateritic gravel deposits can be used successfully as base course materials in roads carrying low to medium traffic without incurring additional maintenance costs and with considerable cost savings in pavement construction rehabilitation. Further research is needed for the more precise definition of the relationship between laterite characteristics, traffic loading, environment, and pavement performance. In this study, extensive use was made of static and cyclic triaxial testing to investigate the fundamental behaviour of a lateritic gravel material. The tests produce information for characterizing the shear strength, stress-strain properties and behaviour under repeated loading. The gravel was sourced from stockpile at Malans Transport borrow pit at Maaitjies Kuil near Cape Town. Testing was conducted on the material both as granular material and stabilized with cement and foamed bitumen. Testing was done under various conditions of stress, moisture and compaction. The resilient modulus of the lateritic gravel was found to be affected by moisture and compaction apart from the stress condition. Well known models were used to characterize the stressdependent resilient modulus. A model for prediction of permanent deformation was developed which together with the resilient modulus model were applied to the design of a light pavement structure composed of lateritic gravel base.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lateriete word wydverspreid gebruik in die trope as 'n padbou materiaal. Die materiaal word gebruik in ongebonde kroonlae, stutlae en oppervlaklae. Die meeste spesifikasies vir kroonlae vereis dat gegradeerde gebreekte klip of gestabiliseerde materiaal in die kroonlaag gebruik word. Die spesifikasies maak nie voorsiening vir lateriet en gruis wat natuurlik voorkom nie. Verskeie veldstudies in die verlede het duidelik getoon dat lateritiese materiaal met sukses gebruik kan word in die kroonlae van paaie wat ligte tot medium verkeer dra. Lateriete kan gebruik word sonder addidionele onkoste vir instandhouding en daar is merkbare kostebesparings wanneer plaveisels rehabiliteer word. Die verhouding tussen lateriet eienskappe, verkeerslas, omgewingsinvloede en plaveisel werkverrigting moet beter gedefinieer word deur verdere navorsing. In hierdie studie is omvattend gebruik gemaak van eenmalige en herhaalde belasting drie-assige toetse om die fundamentele gedrag van lateritiese materiaal te definieer. Hierdie toetse se resultate lewer inligting oor die skuifsterkte, spanning-vervorming eienskappe en gedrag onder herhaalde belasting. Die gruis wat gebruik is, is verkry vanaf 'n materiaalopslag by die leengroef van Malans Transport te Maaitjies Kuil naby Kaapstad. Die materiaal is getoets as granulêre materiaal en gestabiliseer met sement en skuim-bitumen. Die toetse is gedoen onder verskillende toestande van spanning, voginhoud en verdigting. Daar is bevind dat die veerkragtigheidmodulus van die lateritiese gruis nie net deur die aangewende spanning beïnvloed word nie, maar ook deur die voginhoud en verdigting van die materiaal. Welbekende modelle is gebruik om die spanningsafhanklike gedrag van die materiaal te karakteriseer. 'n Model is ook ontwikkel om die permanente vervorming van die materiaal te voorspel. Die twee modelle vir die veerkragtigheidsmodulus en permanente vervorming is gebruik om 'n ligte plaveiselstruktuur mee te ontwerp wat 'n lateritiese kroonlaag bevat.
13
Coffey, Jarrad P. "An investigation into opportunities for improvement of surface mine haul road functional design, construction and maintenance." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2089.
Full textAbstract:
Haul road pavement condition has long been considered as having a significant influence on the efficiency of haulage in surface mining. However limited literature exists relating wearing course condition with performance, resulting in mine operators not maximising the potential value of their haul road assets. This project focuses on defining current issues associated with the functional performance of haul roads, through a case study involving three iron ore mines in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Consequently attempts are then made to relate material properties to performance so that existing criteria can be verified or refined. Cementitious stabilisation and naturally occurring gravels found adjacent to the mines involved in the case study are then trialled via laboratory testing, show promise and lead to a recommendation of subsequent field trials. Pavement lifetime costing is finally completed with the Pilbara environment as the basis, utilising the most appropriate models currently available for pavement condition and vehicle operating and maintenance costs. This resulted in a lack of variability due to material properties, with maintenance variables having a greater effect. Lastly it is found that potential production loss values (net reduction in ore hauled) outweigh expenditure on improved maintenance practice or even material treatments.
14
Teague, Frederick Thomas. "Characterization of road materials and environmental conditions for the analysis and design of flexible pavements in Hong Kong." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21451473.
Full text
15
Zhang, Zhiming. "An Integrated System for Road Condition and Weigh-in-Motion Measurements using In-Pavement Strain Sensors." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25819.
Full textAbstract:
The United States has the world?s largest road network with over 4.1 million miles of roads supporting more than 260 million of registered automobiles including around 11 million of heavy trucks. Such a large road network challenges the road and traffic management systems such as condition assessment and traffic monitoring. To assess the road conditions and track the traffic, currently, multiple facilities are required simultaneously. For instance, vehicle-based image techniques are available for pavements? mechanical behavior detection such as cracks, high-speed vehicle-based profilers are used upon request for the road ride quality evaluation, and inductive loops or strain sensors are deployed inside pavements for traffic data collection. Having multiple facilities and systems for the road conditions and traffic information monitoring raises the cost for the assessment and complicates the process. In this study, an integrated system is developed to simultaneously monitor the road condition and traffic using in-pavement strain-based sensors, which will phenomenally simplify the road condition and traffic monitoring. To accomplish such a superior system, this dissertation designs an innovative integrated sensing system, installs the integrated system in Minnesota's Cold Weather Road Research Facility (MnROAD), monitors the early health conditions of the pavements and ride quality evaluation, investigates algorithms by using the developed system for traffic data collection especially weigh-in-motion measurements, and optimizes the system through optimal system design. The developed integrated system is promising to use one system for multiple purposes, which gains a considerable efficiency increase as well as a potential significant cost reduction for intelligent transportation system.USDOT (U.S. Department of Transportation)
MPC (Mountain-Plains Consortium)
16
Davies, Hugh E. H. "Design and construction of Roman roads in Britain." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343169.
Full text
17
Missato, Luciane Lopes. "Contribuição ao estabelecimento de critérios de projeto para definição das características do canteiro central considerando sua relação com as condições de segurança em rodovias de pista dupla." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-08072014-125802/.
Full textAbstract:
Os critérios atualmente empregados para a definição da configuração do separador central em rodovias levam em consideração principalmente a massa de exposição ao risco. Para isso, analisam a largura do canteiro central e o VDM (volume diário médio). No entanto, para implantação de rodovias em pista dupla ou para a duplicação de rodovias existentes, a definição da largura do canteiro central bem como do possível emprego de dispositivos de contenção central muitas vezes não é uma tarefa simples, pois depende da análise conjunta de alguns fatores como os custos da movimentação de terra, da desapropriação, das soluções possíveis para drenagem, do atendimento à distância de visibilidade de parada, entre outros. Além disso, deve ser avaliado qual o impacto da configuração proposta para a separação central da rodovia na redução do custo social dos acidentes. Essa ultima avaliação é mais delicada e de difícil mensuração. Este texto apresenta a revisão bibliográfica dos principais critérios existentes nacionais e internacionais com relação ao separador físico central e aborda a questão das características dos acidentes que envolvem saída de pista. Através do estudo de caso de uma rodovia hipotética, foram analisados conjuntamente os custos de implantação da rodovia, a distância de visibilidade disponível e os custos dos acidentes para diferentes configurações de canteiro central. Por fim, foi apresentada uma análise benefício / custo incremental que, após avaliação mais precisa dos custos sociais dos acidentes, poderá ser empregada para tomada inicial de decisão quanto ao separador físico central da rodovia a ser empregado.Criteria currently used to choose median or median barriers configurations on divided highways take into account mainly the risk exposure mass. For this, median width and ADTV (average daily traffic volumes) are analyzed. However, for deployment of divided highways or duplication of existing ones, the definition of median width as well as the potential use of median barrier is not always a simple task, because it depends on the joint analysis of factors such as earthmoving costs, land acquisition costs, drainage possible solutions, stop sight distance, among others. Furthermore, the impact of the proposed median configuration in reducing the social cost of accidents should also be estimated. This thesis presents a literature review of existing national and international median solution criteria and address the characteristics of run off the road accidents. Through a case study of a hypothetical highway, were analyzed jointly highway construction costs, available sight distance and accident costs for different widths of median. Finally, an analyze cost / benefit incremental, that could be used for making the initial decision about the central physical separator highway after proper calibration of social costs of accidents is presented.
18
Knowland, Katherine Emma. "A study of the meteorological conditions associated with anomalously early and anomalously late openings of a Northwest Territories winter road /." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112526.
Full textAbstract:
In the Canadian arctic, winter roads are engineered across the frozen land, rivers, and lakes. The strength and longevity of these roads depends on particular weather conditions.Our research focuses on the winter road between Tulita and Norman Wells, Northwest Territories, open since 1982. The opening dates for the winter road are statistically analyzed. Five extreme early-opening years and five extreme late-opening years are determined and subsequently compared to both surface weather observations and large-scale synoptic structures prior to the opening dates for these years. Results show extreme late years are strong El Nino seasons, and extreme early years are colder and have more precipitation during November, than the 1971--2000 climatology.
The analysis of meteorological conditions near Norman Wells, associated with the extreme opening dates for this winter road, provides planners with more precise information germane to this road construction.
19
Greenwood, Aaron Todd. "Development of alternative methods for delineating diverges in freeway work zones." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43709.
Full textAbstract:
Work zones are visually and physically complex environments, requiring that drivers maintain control of their vehicle and comprehend atypical and often discontinuous traffic control devices to safely navigate appropriate paths. Freeway diverges represent particularly difficult work zones areas. This thesis investigates current methods of delineating diverges in freeway work zones to determine important characteristics of these methods for future research.
A virtual environment was constructed with two ramp geometries: a freeway continuing straight and one curving left. Still images of work zones on these geometries were created using drums spaced 10 ft apart, drums spaced 40 ft apart, drums spaced 40 ± 2 ft apart, and portable concrete barriers. These alternatives were used to construct temporary ramps that were either open or closed. 39 participants were asked to identify whether the ramp was open or closed and their responses were recorded to evaluate the performance of each alternative.
Results indicate the importance of the Gestalt principles of closure, proximity, and continuity in perception of temporary exit ramps in work zones. These results will be used to guide future research into methods of delineating diverges in freeway work zones.
20
Kumar, Vivek. "Design and construction of haul roads using fly ash." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0003/MQ59826.pdf.
Full text
21
Khalifeh, Ihssan. "Internship in pavement construction: analyzation of hot bituminous mixtures design, formulation, placement and quality control." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21945.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia CivilEste trabalho prático baseia-se em observações realizadas sobre a execução de pavimentos rodoviários, a realizar por uma das empresas portuguesas especializadas nesta área de construção. O trabalho inclui três fases essenciais da indústria rodoviária, nomeadamente: design e produção de misturas betuminosas a quente, aplicação de misturas (construção de pavimentos) e controlo de qualidade. Cada fase é discutida em detalhe para fornecer o melhor entendimento possível sobre este tópico de acordo com a inspeção do local. Assim, permite dar uma boa compreensão sobre o trabalho, que estuda em detalhes todos os aspectos relacionados com a fabricação de misturas betuminosas a quente, bem como a sua aplicação em pavimentos rodoviários de acordo com uma série de circunstâncias impostas pela situação prática da obra, além de garantia de controle de qualidade.
This practical work is based on observations conducted over the execution of road pavements, to be held by one of the specialized Portuguese companies in this area of construction. The work includes three crucial phases of the road industry, namely: hot bituminous mixtures design and production, mixture application (pavement construction) and quality control. Each phase is discussed in detail to provide the best possible understanding over this topic in accordance with the site inspection.Thus, it aims to provide a good comprehension about the work, which studies in detail every aspect related to the fabrication of hot bituminous mixtures, as well as its application in road pavements according to a number of circumstances imposed by the practical situation of the construction site in addition to quality control assurance.
22
Lo, Chi-wah Felix, and 盧志華. "A case study of build-operate-transfer road project in Hong Kong: Route 3 Country Park Section." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29949877.
Full text
23
Masood, Muhammad Tahir. "Further development and application of computer-assisted creativity to rural road resources management projects." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53642.
Full textAbstract:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the part of computer science concerned with designing computer systems, that is, systems that exhibit the characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behavior--understanding language, learning, reasoning, solving problems, and so on. Many believe that insights into the nature of the mind can be gained by studying the operation of such programs. The AI concept has formed the basis for developing the computer-assisted creativity techniques called The Computer Consultant (TCC), and The Idea Machine (TIM).
TIM has, so far, been applied to topics in the engineering and "hard sciences" fields. In this study these techniques are presented/reviewed in detail and the research concentrated on the expansion/development of a methodology for computer—assisted creativity. This research will help in further evolution of TIM into a richer process for idea generation and general problem solving, and in enhancing the application capabilities. This is done by: (1) expanding the conceptual and ideas data bases from which analogies can be drawn; (2) conducting comprehensive trials with TIM to establish its strengths and limitations; and (3) doing research on techniques for the screening and packaging of ideas techniques.
Rural road projects are an important part of rural development programs in the Third World countries. For some years the construction of such road projects, funded in part by international donor agencies, has been a subject of some controversy. Most policy makers in the developing or underdeveloped countries support the practice of expanding the rural dirt (unpaved) roads rather than spending limited resources on maintenance. Some donor agencies are now inclined to only support maintenance-biased road projects.
A similar situation arose in Pakistan where the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) proposed to fund a road resources development project in the Sind Province. This real life situation is selected as a basis for developing a road resources management model, and generating ideas using TIM. These ideas are screened and packaged to be used in revising the model for further trials.
The application of TIM to this problem from the civil engineering field results in some useful outputs. This study provides a good basis for further enhancing TIM capabilities.Ph. D.
24
Amukwelele, Laimi Naango. "Rural road infrastructure as a facilitating channel towards rural development : community views and perceptions on the Kamanjab-Omakange-Okahao road project in North-Western Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95652.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.Rural development in most of the developing countries, Namibia included, entails making sure that every area is accessible in terms of road networks and telecommunications. Such infrastructure avoids the alienation of some areas or segregation and marginalisation of these same areas. Just as in many other African countries, a large portion of the Namibian population is located in the rural areas, yet development has not as of yet cascaded downstream to reach them. This research explores how rural road infrastructure development and facelift can transform the economic development of the rural folk. Most entrepreneurs in rural areas struggle to grow as they have challenges connecting to the markets, due to poor road infrastructure. The rural people in Tsandi and Opuwo constituencies in north-western Namibia desire to be easily connected to activity centres like schools, hospitals, etc. However, accessibility, especially during the rainy season, is a problem. The researcher used a quantitative data analysis method on data collected from rural residents and rural entrepreneurs via questionnaires, interviews and observation methods. These methods were combined in order to come up with a more reliable conclusion from the randomly selected sample, representing the population of the two constituencies in the north-western Namibia. Rural communities are prevented from accessing a number of resources because of poor road networks. For example, it is common that the rural residents get stale news with expiration dates ranging from one month up until three to four months. This report shall propagate various ways that can be employed to improve road infrastructure in the rural areas as well as unveil the benefits of such development to overall rural economic challenges. A large amount of literature was considered for review on this topic as well as field research in order to understand the findings on the topic and to come up with a sound conclusion containing worthwhile recommendations. It was observed that rural road infrastructure development plays a pivotal role in rural socio-economic development, which is usually measured by the Rural Access Index (RAI). As the road infrastructure improves, so too will the standard of living for rural people because they will have the convenience and ease of road travel to be able to access to hospitals, schools and other activity centres. In order to effectively unlock the full potential of rural road infrastructure and transport corridors, a new perspective for road infrastructure is required that takes into account lessons learnt and changes to the external environment.
25
Driessen, Miriam. "Asphalt encounters : Chinese road building in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:160b0802-8bb6-4ddb-8bb1-e9c8cd3f11d7.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past decade, road construction has come to represent Chinese engagement with Ethiopia. This study considers the lives of Chinese workers at the lower end of one such project in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. By examining the ways in which Chinese road workers tried to make sense of daily life on the construction site, I reveal the inherent contradictions of a state rhetoric that promoted 'win-win cooperation' ('huying huli hezuo') and 'friendly collaboration' ('youhao hezuo') between China and Africa, and demonstrate the local manifestations of the much-debated 'China Model'. Initial expectations coloured by state narratives, as well as the migrants' own experiences with domestic development, stood in sharp contrast to realities on the ground. Convinced of the goodwill nature of their activities, Chinese workers were puzzled by and resentful of the apparent ingratitude of local Ethiopians, their lack of cooperation, and, worse, repeated attempts to sabotage the construction work. Chinese workers' struggles with development in Africa, I argue, should be understood in relation to their background as upwardly mobile rural migrants at the bottom of the corporate hierarchy, successors of engineers dispatched under Mao Zedong who had enjoyed a respectable reputation at home - a reputation current workers felt they were about to lose - and as citizens aware of their country's status in the world as superior to Africa and inferior to the West. The workers sought to live up to Chinese ideals of development by demonstrating and promoting the virtues of self-development, simultaneous development, and entrepreneurialism. Ethiopians, however, did not concede to these ideas, and their lack of cooperation stirred resentment and expressions of self-pity on the part of the Chinese, who blamed the Ethiopian labourers, their suzhi (human quality), and wenhua (culture) for the limited success of the projects. What Chinese workers failed to realise was that the attitude of Ethiopians was in fact a response to asymmetrical and contested power relations that did not allow for win-win cooperation and friendly collaboration.
26
Davis, William Jeffrey. "An evaluation of life cycle factors for urban arterial roadways." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21534.
Full text
27
Plankermann, Kai [Verfasser], and Alf [Akademischer Betreuer] Zimmer. "Human factors as causes for road traffic accidents in the Sultanate of Oman under consideration of road construction designs / Kai Plankermann. Betreuer: Alf Zimmer." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051132622/34.
Full text
28
Galitsky, Joshua. "Paving the Mega Cities : Dynapac Red Carpet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen Designhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-67503.
Full textAbstract:
While the design and the technology behind the vehicles we drive has gone a long way, the main principle in which we construct our roads today, the materials and the machinery we use to do it has hardly changed for the last 40 years.This project takes a fresh look at an industry that has remained stagnant for several decades. Looking into a future in which large Mega-Cities will develop, the aim of this project will be to develop a new solution for constructing and maintaining the transport arteries in those cities. This project was performed in collaboration with Dynapac, a leading manufacturer of road construction equipment, with supporting feedback from NCC roads, the Scandinavian road construction group.
29
Svensson, Mikael, and Radovan Petrovic. "ÄR DET RÄTT ATT UPPHANDLA DRIFT- OCH UNDERHÅLLSENTREPRENADER SOM TOTALENTREPRENAD?" Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213453.
Full textAbstract:
Trafikverkets drift- och underhållsentreprenader "basunderhåll väg" anses av entreprenörerna ha en obalanserad riskfördel. Huvudfrågan är om totalentreprenad är den bästa lösningen på Trafikverket driftkontrakt på vägsidan. Examensarbetet har utförts tillsammans med NCC. Datainsamlingen har gjorts dels genom litteraturstudier och dels genom intervjuer med Trafikverket, Sveriges Byggindustrier samt de stora entreprenörerna Svevia, NCC, Peab och Skanska. Slutsatsen av arbetet är att kontrakten innehåller för många oklarheter för att upphandlas på totalentreprenad, men får Trafikverket kontroll på mängder som ska utföras framöver är det fullt möjligt att upphandla kontrakten på totalentreprenad. Däremot kommer det inte att hinnas med någon inventering av mängderna inför kommande upphandling. Av den anledningen föreslås att kontrakten 2018 upphandlas som samverkansentreprenad utan incitamentsavtal under de två första åren då entreprenören tillsammans med Trafikverket inventerar och planerar vad som ska utföras under den fyraåriga kontraktstiden. Inför tredje och fjärde året görs ett incitamentsavtal 50/50 när omfattningen är mera känd.Trafikverket:s Road maintenance contracts, "Basunderhåll väg", is considered by the contractors to have an uneven distribution of risk between the partners. The main question is if Design-build contract is the best solution for Trafikverket:s Road maintenance contracts on the roadside. The essay has been written on behave of NCC account. The study is based upon literature studies, but also by interviewing staff from big companies, whom are affected by these contracts (Trafikverket, Sveriges Byggindustrier, NCC, Svevia, Peab, Skanska). The main conclusion with the essay is that the contracts maintain too many uncertainties to be procured at a Design-build contract. However, if Trafikverket manages to control the amount mass data, it is highly possible to procure contracts with Design-build contract contracts in the near future. Although, it will not be obtainable to have some sort of inventory of these amounts for the upcoming procurements. By this reason, the proposal is Partnering contract procured by 2018 without any incentives during the first two years. Both the contractors and Trafikverket plan the inventory of what shall be done during the four-year contract period. For the third and the final year they shall make an agreement on a target price for the incentive 50/50 when the extent is better known. Key
30
Hughes, Lynsay Anne. "Effects of alignment on CO2 emissions from the construction and use phases of highway infrastructure." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265557.
Full textAbstract:
The environmental aspect of sustainability is currently high on many agendas due at least in part to the issue of climate change, manifesting in the monitoring of C02 emissions from all activities within all industrial sectors, with construction projects being no exception. The concept of Whole Life Carbon (WLC) involves understanding the carbon impact of an infrastructure project from its beginning, through its serviceable life, to the end of its life. The WLC concept can be applied to future infrastructure projects to assist in decision making, to ensure the correct project is taken forward in terms of minimising carbon emissions across the life time of the infrastructure. The life cycle of a highway project comprises the planning, design, construction, operation, use and decommissioning phases. For a new 23km motorway project in the UK, when considering the construction and use phases, the C02 emissions from vehicles using the road comprised 91% over a 40 year period. With the majority of C02 resulting from the use phase, any measures taken to minimise the impacts of this could potentially significantly reduce the C02 over the lifetime of a highway. It is during the planning stage that decisions can be made to reduce the WLC; by forecasting the impact of different design options at the different future phases of the life cycle. This thesis considers the effect of highway alignment, which is a decision taken early in a project's life cycle. The gradient of a highway can have a significant impact on the fuel consumption (and hence C02 emissions) of the vehicles operating on it. To design the alignment around an optimum earthworks phase in terms of time, cost and carbon may result in a construction phase with a lower impact, yet the long term effect of the subsequent gradients on vehicle fuel consumption may yield a significantly higher level of C02 emissions than the amount saved during the efficient construction operation. Conversely, an intensive earthworks operation may result in a C02 intensive construction phase yet result in long term benefits throughout the life cycle, as the fuel consumed by the vehicles operating on the highway is reduced. To understand the effect of the vertical alignment through the life cycle, the C02 in both the construction and use phases has been calculated. A methodology to calculate the C02 from the earthworks operations has been developed. The instantaneous emission model, PHEM, has been used to calculate the C02 from the vehicles using a highway. Different vehicle types have been assessed over hypothetical terrains, with the application of varying fleet mixes and vehicle speeds enabling an understanding of the effect of alignment on typical vehicle flows. These alignments have been modified, requiring more C02 intensive earthworks operations, to understand the potential benefits the new alignment can bring to the use phase, and the overall life cycle. The methodology developed has been applied to an actual case study that had six very different horizontal and vertical alignments. A second real and current project was used to gain an understanding of the C02 impacts of choosing an embankment over a viaduct structure.
31
Siegel, Timothy C. "Correlation of mix characteristics with rutting in bituminous mixes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19552.
Full text
32
Vizzari, Domenico. "Mix-design of a novel semi-transparent layer for solar roads." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0023.
Full textAbstract:
Le réseau routier du futur ne sera pas simplement un système de transport pour les utilisateurs et les biens, mais aussi une technologie pour la récupération d'énergie, profitant des surfaces existantes. Cette thèse traite de la formulation d'une couche semitransparente pour les routes solaires. La nouvelle surface est un matériau composite constitué de granulats de verre lié entre eux par une colle polyuréthane. A l’heure actuelle il n'existe aucune préconisation pour l’emploi de liant polyuréthane sur les couches de surface. Pour cette raison, 4 colles polyuréthanes sont caractérisé en termes de cinétique de polymérisation et de propriétés viscoélastiques. La recherche se focalise ensuite sur la formulation de la couche semi-transparente en se basant sur trois méthodes/techniques: la compacité de l’empilement granulaire, le plan d’expérience et la technique de l’enduit superficiel. L'objectif est l'optimisation à la fois optique et mécanique du matériau, dans la perspective d'une application à l’echelle 1. La dernière étape est la compréhennsion du vieillissement de la colle par le rayonnement solaire au moyen des techniques FTIR, DSC et rhéomètre rotationnel. La formulation de la couche semi-transparente est une étape importante vers la réalisation de la "route hybride", un système dédié à la récupération d'énergie né de l'union d'une route photovoltaïque avec un milieu poreux capable d'extraire de l'énergie temrique au moyen d'un fluide caloporteurThe road network of the future will be not only a transportation system for people and goods, but also a technology able to harvest energy from the Sun exploiting existing surfaces. This manuscript deals with the mixdesign of a semi-transparent layer for solar roads. The novel surface is a composite material given by recycled glass aggregates bonded together using the polyurethane. At present, there are no specifications or guidelines for the use of the polyurethane in solar roads. In the light of this, the polyurethane is characterized in terms of curing kinetic and viscoelastic behavior performing the DSR and the DMA. The research also focuses on the mix-design of the semi-transparent layer based on three methods/techniques: the packing density, the fraction factorial design and the surface dressing. The objective is to optimize the optical and mechanical performance of the mixture, in the prospective of a full scale application. Finally, the aging of the polyurethane because of the UV exposition is investigated by means of the FTIR, the DSC and the rotational rheometer test. The mix-design of the semi-transparent layer is an important step towards the manufacture of the “hybrid road”, a road energy harvesting system obtained by the union between a concrete porous medium used as solar collector with a photovoltaic road
33
Awuah-Baffour, Robert. "Investigation on kinematic determination of highway geometric characteristics by attitude GPS." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21657.
Full text
34
Itani, Samir Youssef. "Behavior of base materials containing large sized particles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20291.
Full text
35
Noureldin, Ehab Magdy Salah. "Analysis on Structural Modeling for Recycled Asphalt Pavement used as a Base Layer." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25320.
Full textAbstract:
Reusing RAP in the base layer became a common practice in the last decade. However, some crucial issues must be resolved to succeed in using RAP satisfying the standard specifications as a base layer. The most important unknown factor is the mechanistic behavior of RAP. This question may be satisfied by understanding the role of RAP in terms of whether it just behaves as a black rock or has a stabilizing effect with traditional aggregates used for base layer.
The first stage of this study is modeling the structural behavior of RAP via prediction MR. This stage then comprises comparing the predicted results to actual measured data under several field conditions. The second stage focuses on the modeling behavior of PD. This stage takes in consideration two sets of data, the first is for the measured PD data calculated from MR test. While another traditional set of measured data for PD from repeated tri-axial loading (RTL) test either single or multi-stage is collected for the same RAP sources used in the first stage. The third stage concerns on MR-PD relationship. It indicates the typical relationship for the MR-PD behavior that can be understood for the RAP in base layer. The fourth and last stage is essential to investigate the Poisson?s ratio of RAP blends and its effectiveness on both parameters MR and PD. This ratio is measured during un-confined compression test. Two main testing conditions: various water and RAP contents are taken in consideration during this measurement for different RAP/Aggregate sources.
This study proves that both prediction models used in the MEPDG for prediction of both parameters MR and PD are totally significant for RAP/Aggregate blends used for pavement base layer. The prediction is at the highest accuracy at water content levels close to OMC%, MDD and with 50% to 75% RAP content. In addition, it is proved that Poisson?s ratio is an effective parameter on both MR and PD parameters especially with variation of water content. This conclusion recommends to take in consideration Poisson?s ratio as an effective parameter in MR and PD prediction models used in MEPDG software.National Science Foundation (NSF)
36
Piehl, Bradley T. "An evaluation of culverts on low volume forest roads in the Oregon Coast Range." Connect to this title online, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/478.
Full text
37
Smith, Brad Steven. "Design and Construction of Pavements in Cold Regions: State of the Practice." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1654.pdf.
Full text
38
Vidlák, Pavel. "Vyhledávací studie obchvatu městyse Okříšky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225465.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this master´s thesis is to design version of bypass of small town Okříšky, which is located in Vysočina district. The design of the route is expected to be 3 kilometers long. The goal is to design horizontal and vertical solution of the route, which begins on projected part of the road II/405 aprox. 2 kilometers behiond Zašovice village and continues around small down Okříšky in the direction to Třebíč, where the road connects to existing road II/405. The road will be designed so that costs of the design and subsequent realisation will be minimized. And also environmental impact will be taken into consideration. The project documentation will be used as study in relation to construction of road II/405.
39
Blanton, Paul 1968. "The distribution and impact of roads and railroads on the river landscapes of the coterminous United States." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11186.
Full textAbstract:
xvi, 150 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Floodplain roads and railroads are common features in river landscapes, but their distribution and impacts have not been explicitly studied. This dissertation discusses the impacts of floodplain roads and railroads on channel and floodplain processes in river landscapes at the continental, regional, and local scales. At the continental scale, I documented the spatial patterns of roads and railroads in the floodplains of the continental United States and the regional variability of their potential impacts. Based on these results, I developed a conceptual model based on topography and the interaction of transportation and stream networks that suggests that the area of lateral disconnection caused by transportation infrastructure should be most extensive in mid-sized alluvial valleys in relatively rugged settings, such as those located in the western United States. I used pre-existing digital geologic, hydrologic, and transportation data with Geographic Information Systems software to map floodplain areas and lateral disconnection along the floodplains of two river systems in Washington State. I developed methods to quickly and inexpensively delineate potential or historic floodplain surfaces, to analyze lateral floodplain disconnection caused by different types of structure, and to rank floodplain reaches in terms of salmon habitat potential. Although all floodplains exhibited disconnection, the floodplain maps and habitat rankings helped identify opportunities for habitat preservation and restoration. At the local scale, I mapped and measured the impacts of lateral disconnection, showing that channel and riparian habitat was degraded in locations with floodplain transportation infrastructure confining the channel compared with similar nearby sites lacking such confinement. Railroad grades and road beds function as confining structures in the riparian zone, disrupting flood pulses and the exchange of water, sediment, and biota between channels and their floodplains and within the floodplain. Over longer time periods, these structures can also impede the natural meandering and migration of channels across their floodplains, disrupting the erosional and depositional processes that drive the high habitat and biological diversity characteristic of floodplains. My results show that human-caused disconnections need to be further incorporated into river science and management. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: W. Andrew Marcus, Chairperson, Geography; Daniel Gavin, Member, Geography; Patricia McDowell, Member, Geography; Joshua Roering, Outside Member, Geological Sciences
40
Dumbaugh, Eric. "Safe Streets, Livable Streets: A Positive Approach to Urban Roadside Design." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08052005-134758/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.Michael Meyer, Committee Chair ; Adjo Amekudzi, Committee Member ; Randall Guensler, Committee Member ; David Sawicki, Committee Member ; Michael Dobbins, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
41
Lambert, Sam R. "Transportation enhancements : a creative interpretation to the proposed widening of State Route 67 south." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041732.
Full textAbstract:
Transportation corridors are designed to transfer motorists from one area to another in the safest and most efficient way possible. Unfortunately, in Indiana scenic and environmental enhancements, often, were not a priority in the past. The main problem, therefore, is that travelers of most Indiana highways have been deprived of inspiring scenic opportunities and cultural enlightenment, thus there is a need to educate those involved in the design and implementation process to take heed of the advantages these enhancements and amenities can provide.This study examines the SR 67 South transportation corridor from 1-69 at Daleville, Indiana, to Delaware CR 500 South, and proposes an overall transportation corridor concept that could be implemented. This study, also, investigates current Indiana Department of Transportation policies and practices involving scenic and environmental enhancements in transportation corridors, while specifically evaluating the department's assessment of the suggestions offered in "The Gateways of Delaware County" study (in which SR 67 was incorporated).In the end, this study provides significant insight into the "posture" of those directly involved in the design and implementation process of transportation corridors; however, augmenting that posture to the advantages and importance of scenic and environmental enhancements will remain a struggle, especially during these economically challenging times. One added subplot; How can the landscape architect provide guidance to bring new understanding to those persons involved in highway design which results in improved scenic and cultural opportunities to SR 67?Department of Landscape Architecture
42
江垂燊 and Shui-sun Kong. "Building superhighways in PRC." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267981.
Full text
43
Nanagiri, Yamini Varma. "Development of a rational method of designing hot mix asphalt (HMA) for low volume roads." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-01055-115823/.
Full text
44
Parrock, Philip. "Mega project analysis : a case study of the Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97019.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mega projects have fascinated human beings for as long as history can remember. The urge to build something bigger and better than has ever been done before has always been a driving force behind the human race’s relentless pursuit of technological advancement. It is in this vein that mega projects have evolved over time, as methods of construction improved, so did the scale on which people could attempt new projects. The Channel Tunnel between England and France, the Hoover Dam in America and the Millau Viaduct in the French countryside are some of the biggest examples of infrastructure projects in the world and these are all unequivocally, mega projects. Costing at least $ 250 million and incorporating major technological challenges, mega projects continue to inspire and motivate artists and engineers alike. This thesis seeks to expand people’s understanding of the analysis of these mega projects. Mega project analysis is a field that has struggled to differentiate itself ordinary project analysis. The Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project (GFIP) and the associated e-tolling mega project will be analysed in this thesis. The framework for analysis will be provided by the work of Flyvbjerg, Bruzelius and Rothengatter (2003), who seek to analyse mega project success or failure based on three key indicators of economic sustainability, environmental concerns and the effect of public support. This thesis will use the indicators of economic sustainability and the effect of public support to determine whether the Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project (GFIP) can be viewed as a failed mega project or not. After an in-depth study of the data and material available, this descriptive and explanatory study shows that the GFIP and associated e-tolling mega project is indeed a failed mega project. This is because it has failed the analysis in both categories of economic sustainability and the effect of public support.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Megaprojekte het al eeue lank die mens gefasineer. Die neiging van die mens om iets groter en beter te maak as wat al ooit gemaak was het nog altyd baie dryfkrag verskaf vir die mens se strewe na tegnologiese verbetering. Dit is met hierdie idee in gedagte dat megaprojekte met tyd verander het, soos wat boumetodes verbeter het, so ook het die grootte van projekte verander wat mense kon aanpak. Die Channel Tonnel tussen Engeland en Frankryk, die Hoover Dam in Amerika en die Millau Brug in die Franse platteland is voorbeelde van die grootste infrastruktuur projekte ter wêreld en hierdie is al drie, sonder enige twyfel, megaprojekte. Teen ‘n koste van ten minste $ 250 miljoen en met grootskaalse tegnologiese uitdaging, hou megaprojekte aan om vir beide kunstenaars en ingenieurs te motiveer en uit te daag. Hierdie tesis poog om mense se kennis van die analise van megaprojekte te verbreed. Megaprojek analise is ‘n veld wat al jare lank sukkel om verskille te bewerkstellig tussen homself en gewone projek analise. Die “Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project” (GFIP) en die verwante e-toll megaprojek sal geanaliseer word in hierdie tesis. Die raamwerk vir analise sal deur Flyvbjerg, Bruzelius en Rothengatter (2003) verskaf word, waar die outeurs poog om megaprojekte se sukses of mislukking te bepaal gebaseer op die sleutel aanwysers van ekonomiese volhoubaarheid, omgewingskwessies en die effek van openbare ondersteuning. Hierdie tesis sal gebruik maak van die ekonomiese volhoubaarheid en openbare ondersteuning aanwysers om te bepaal of die GFIP beskou kan word as a mislukte megaprojek of nie. Na ‘n in-diepte study van die data en materiaal beskikbaar, sal hierdie beskrywende en verduidelikende studie wys dat die GFIP en verwante e-toll megaprojek inderdaad ‘n mislukte megaprojek is, as gevolg daarvan dat die GFIP megaprojek analise aandui dat die megaprojek misluk het in beide die ekonomiese volhoubaarheid en publieke ondersteunings aanwysers.
45
Thomas, Noura. "Analysis of right-turn lane length in left-hand traffic countries at signalised intersections of urban roads." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1781.
Full textAbstract:
Analysis of the right turn lane length of urban roads in left-hand traffic countries, such as Australia, UK and India (left-turn lane length in right-hand traffic countries such as USA), at signalised intersections encounters two main geometric features namely, deceleration length and storage length. The literature shows that in routine practice, the deceleration length is generally estimated by using constant deceleration rate. Many researchers consider this assumption for all design speeds unrealistic as it does not reflect the influence of the pavement condition. Hence, it may be desirable to consider the pavement’s condition in terms of its longitudinal coefficient of friction in the design analysis. In regard to the storage length, a large number of the current guidelines and models estimate the storage length of right-turn lane at signalised intersections under split phase. Hence, there is a need to examine other phase types and timings and integrate the signal timing as a part of the geometric design
In this thesis, two analytical expressions have been analysed for the design of deceleration length. The first expression assumes a constant deceleration rate, and the second expression employs the concept of forces on a rotating wheel in which the coefficient of longitudinal friction between a vehicle’s tyres and the road surface is considered. The calculated deceleration lengths by these two expressions were compared with the recommended values in American and Australian standards as well as with the deceleration lengths that were obtained by a recent simulation study presented in the literature. It has been found that applying a constant deceleration rate of 2.74 m/s2 in the first expression provides the values of deceleration length comparable to most guidelines and studies. The second expression highlights the importance of using the pavement design in terms of the coefficient of friction to reduce the deceleration length in the case of limited space.
A MATLAB based simulation programme has been developed to provide an estimate of the right-turn lane storage length for different traffic volumes in order to avoid the problems associated with blocking and overflow of right turn vehicles in 95% of cycles. In established intersections that cannot be modified due to physical constraints, the model is flexible enough to examine different signal phase types and timings and provides other solutions to reduce overflow and/or blockage situations. The simulation model also takes into consideration the leftover queue. The model results have been compared against an available analytical method in which similar signal phases and timings were investigated. The outcomes are similar to those of the analytical model in most of the signal phase types. The simulation model provides the flexibility to estimate the right-turn lane length for different combinations of through lane and right-turn lane traffic volumes.
The developed simulation model has also been validated against the field data using three parameters, namely 95th percentile of maximum queue, overflow cycle percentage, and blockage cycle percentage. Comparing with the field observations yields a level of accuracy in the range of 78%-85%. Finally this simulation model has been used to optimise the green time in the case of split phase that demonstrates a large difference in traffic volumes of two opposite approaches; this could reduce the mean wait time by up to 28%.
46
Hollý, Tomáš. "SO 217 Most přes řeku Morávku v km 6.205." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225523.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the thesis is to design and consider steel superstructure of a composite steel-concrete road bridge. It is a continuous beam with seven spans of 36,0 + 57,0 + 75,0 + 90,0 + 75,0 + 57,0 + 36,0 = 426 meters. The superstructure consists of welded I-beams, which pass into closed box girder. The calculations take into account the construction phase.
47
Fontana, Patricia. "Análise de modelos de distribuição transversal de cargas em superestruturas de viga em seção caixão de pontes e viadutos alargados." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2016.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho apresenta uma comparação entre resultados da análise estrutural da superestrutura de um viaduto em seção celular obtidos do estudo por métodos teóricos e pelo método dos elementos finitos com uso de software adequado, visando a validação dos métodos empregados para obras em seção celular, observando os critérios de tempo, custo e resultados satisfatórios. Foram analisados os coeficientes de distribuição transversal dos esforços na superestrutura de um viaduto quando da ampliação da obra com uso de seção caixão de dimensões diferentes da original e sem haver simetria, visto a ampliação apenas para um lado da obra. Tal determinação apresenta grande importância, visto que o conhecimento das distribuições transversais entre as longarinas que compõem a obra permite a elaboração de projetos de alargamento de pontes mais precisos, buscando a melhor aproximação entre os modelos numéricos e o comportamento real da estrutura. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os modelos tridimensionais são aqueles que mais se aproximam da condição real da estrutura, porém com alto nível de complexidade para desenvolvimento e uma demanda de tempo elevada. Os modelos de grelha e o modelo baseado na teoria de Fauchart apresentaram resultados divergentes dos modelos tridimensionais, se mostrando conservadores e com respostas imprecisas, não sendo indicados para análise de estruturas em seção caixão. Já o Método de Mason apresentou bons resultados, com valores próximos aos modelos tridimensionais, porém com um prazo mais reduzido de desenvolvimento e obtenção de resultados, caracterizando um método eficiente para estudos de ampliações de obras de arte com seção caixão, quando da análise dos critérios de custo, tempo e resultados.The present work shows a comparison between results of the structural analysis of a cellular box cross section viaduct superstructure, the results are obtained with analytic simplified methods and with the finite element method using a suitable software, aiming the validation of the methods used for constructions in cellular box cross section, observing the criteria of time, cost and satisfactory results. The stress transversal distribution coefficients for the superstructure of a box cross section viaduct were analyzed for the expansion of the construction with the use of box cross section with different dimensions from the original one and with no symmetry, regarding the expansion only for one side of the construction. Such determination presents a huge importance, once the knowledge of the transversal distributions among the stringer beams that comprise the construction allows the elaboration of more accurate bridge widening designs, searching for the best approximation between the numerical models and the real behavior of the structure. The results showed that the three-dimensional models are those that are closer to the real condition of the structure, but with high level of complexity for development and a high demand of time. The grid model and the model based on the Fauchart’s theory show different results of the three-dimensional models, proving to be conservative and with inaccurate answers, not being indicated for the analysis of box cross section structures. On the other hand, the Mason’s Method showed good results, with values close to the ones of the three-dimensional models, however with a shorter time of development and delivery of results, featuring an efficient method for box cross section artworks widening studies, when analyzing the criteria of cost, time and results.
48
Rafferty, Paula S. "Spatial Analysis of North Central Texas Traffic Fatalities 2001-2006." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33195/.
Full textAbstract:
A traditional two dimensional (planar) statistical analysis was used to identify the clustering types of North Central Texas traffic fatalities occurring in 2001-2006. Over 3,700 crash locations clustered in ways that were unlike other researched regions. A two dimensional (x and y coordinates) space was manipulated to mimic a one dimensional network to identify the tightest clustering of fatalities in the nearly 400,000 crashes reported from state agencies from 2003-2006. The roadway design was found to significantly affect crash location. A one dimensional (linear) network analysis was then used to measure the statistically significant clustering of flow variables of after dark crashes and daylight crashes. Flow variables were determined to significantly affect crash location after dark. The linear and planar results were compared and the one dimensional, linear analysis was found to be more accurate because it did not over detect the clustering of events on a network.
49
Kluyts, Grant. "Investigation of the effect of selected polypropylene fibres and ultra-fine aggregate on plastic shrinkage cracks on South African roads." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/174.
Full textAbstract:
Plastic shrinkage cracks, although not inherently structurally debilitating, expose the reinforcement in low-volume reinforced concrete roads to deleterious substances, which may reduce its effectiveness leading ultimately to structural failure. In un-reinforced low-volume concrete road these cracks appear unsightly and cause the road user an unpleasant riding experience. Many researchers believe that plastic shrinkage crack development remains a concern to the concrete industry, occurring in particularly large–area pours such as low-volume concrete roads, and therefore requires further research to understand their formation and minimization. This study reports findings on the effectiveness of oxyfluorinated polypropylene fibres to control plastic shrinkage cracks, and the effect the addition of ultra-fine material has on the formation and/or propagation of these cracks. Findings indicate that low volume dosages (2 kg/m³), of oxyfluorinated polypropylene fibre significantly reduced the formation of plastic shrinkage cracks under test conditions. Furthermore, that the addition of ultra-fine material in excess of 63 kg/m³ increased the formation and/or development of plastic shrinkage cracks.
50
Visser, Salomé. "Guidelines for spacing of priority controlled intersections along urban collector roads." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/91.
Full text