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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Road drainage'
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Tangpithakkul, Rawee. "Study of permeability of pavement base matrials." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1184344573.
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Davis, Alastair C. "The hydraulic efficiency of road drainage gratings." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389107.
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Kalantari, Zahra. "Adaptation of road drainage structures to climate change." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90888.
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Climate change is expected to lead to more frequent extreme precipitation events, floods and changes in frost/thawing cycles. The frequency of road closures and other incidents such as flooding, landslides and roads being washed away will probably increase. Stronger demands will be placed on the function of road drainage systems. The overall aim of this thesis was to produce scientifically well-founded suggestions on adaptation of road drainage systems to climate change involving more frequent floods. The work began by examining current practice for road drainage systems in Sweden and gathering experience from professionals working with various problems concerning surface and subsurface drainage systems. Various hydrological models were then used to calculate the runoff from a catchment adjacent to a road and estimate changes in peak discharge and total runoff resulting from simulated land use measures. According to these survey and hydrological modelling studies, adaptation of road drainage systems to climate change can be grouped into two categories: i) institutional adaptation; and ii) technical adaptation. The main approaches in institutional adaptation are to: i) raise the awareness of expected climate change and its impact on drainage systems in transport administration and relevant stakeholders; ii) include adaptation measures in the existing funding programme of the transport administration; and iii) develop an evaluation tool and action plans concerning existing road drainage systems. Technical adaptation will involve ensuring that road constructions are adapted to more frequent extreme precipitation events and responsive to changes in activities and land use in areas adjacent to roads. Changes in climate variables will have effects on watershed hydrological responses and consequently influence the amount of runoff reaching roads. There is a great need for tools such as hydrological models to assess impacts on discharge dynamics, including peak flows. Improved communication between road managers and local actors in the forestry and agriculture sectors can be a means to reduce the impacts of, e.g., clear-cutting or badly managed farmland ditches.QC 20111214
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Reister, Mitchell Steven. "Application of a simplified analysis method for natural dispersion of highway stormwater runoff." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/m%5Freister%5F061605.pdf.
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Obuzor, Gift Nwadinma. "Development of technology for the construction of low-cost road embankments." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2011. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/development-of-technology-for-the-construction-of-lowcost-road-embankments(e92d7c4e-e9d5-47e8-bf8e-e4b66769dd2d).html.
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It is envisaged that flood plains will be put into more active usage to meet the increasing demands for road infrastructural development as well as relieve the pressure exerted on arable lands owing to infrastructural development activities. This is consequent upon the general shortfall in the availability of soils possessing the right engineering properties to carry infrastructures such as roads which consume large tracks of land. Expanding the global infrastructural base is inevitable due to the ever increasing human population and the need to meet their social, economic, political and transportation needs. However, owing to the prevailing environmental awareness campaigns fronted by different environmental agencies, there is the need to regulate and monitor the interaction of the processes involved in the provision of these needs with the limited resources as well as the environmental aftermath associated with such operations. The stabilization of flood plain soils for road embankment construction is envisaged to reduce the demand on the material resources required to build classical high embankments in flood prone areas as well as offer implied mitigating dimensions in the restoration of environmental integrity. This impliedly will reduce the use of traditionally unsustainable methods of soil stabilization such as, the excavation and importation of new materials, to a more robust system that will offer environmental friendliness amidst value engineering for better strength and durability results. The experimental processes involved the simulation of flooding scenarios in the laboratory, to monitor the strength and durability aspects of low-bearing-capacity soils (such as Lower Oxford Clay) stabilized with blended mixes of the traditional stabilizer of lime and the novel materials of lime and Ground Granulated Blastfumace Slag (GOBS) by-product combined. Preliminary investigations were carried out on the Lower Oxford Clay soil to establish the moisture and compaction requirements of the material. Different mix compositions were formulated by incrementally replacing the amount of lime in the system with GOBS. This was based on the premise that high stabilizer contents could offer better stabilization to flood susceptible geo-materials upon flooding. A high stabilizer level of 16% was therefore investigated. Regimes of different blending ratios were established as follows: 16%Lime-0%GGBS, 12%Lime-4%GGBS, 8%Lime-8%GGBS, 4%Lime-12%GGBS and 0%Lime-16%GGBS and tested at moisture contents of 23%, 28%, 33% and 38%. The two extremes 16%Lime-0%GGBS and 0%Lime-16GGBS were used as controls. A system of elimination based on strength criteria was employed, where only the 8%Lime- 8%GGBS and 4%Lime-12%GGBS mixtures were deemed fit to be investigated further to determine their resistance to challenging environmental factors of flooding. The test samples were cylindrical, measuring 50 mm in diameter and 100 mm long, and these were compacted using a static compaction apparatus to achieve Maximum Dry Density (MDD). Depending on the testing regime to be applied to a given specimen, a curing pattern was defined and samples were wrapped in cling film to minimise moisture losses. At the end of each curing period of 7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 days, one of the experimental procedures which ranged from Unconfined Compressive Strength, Water Absorption, Volume Stability, Permeability, Soaked Strength and Durability Index Assessment or Compressibility Assessment was carried out on the moist cured samples. Following these assessments, the 4%Lime-12%GGBS mix composition was appraised to have overall improved characteristics with the added benefit of reduced cost of material utilisation. Based on the available data, regression analyses were carried out and equations established for predicting the strength values of stabilized materials. Using these equations further extrapolations were made and the observable trends were those of the dependence of compressive strength on the age of moist curing and the compaction moisture contents at which samples were produced at given blended mixture. Cost-benefit-risk analysis was also carried out with a further cost annualisation of the capital and operational cost of a selected system. It is reassuring to learn that at replacement level of lime with GOBS of 4%Lime-12%GGBS it was possible to establish multi-binder mixtures that could be effectively used for sustainable construction in flood prone areas with enormous savings accruing from the possible higher strength and enhanced durability indices achievable over traditional unsustainable options of continued over-reliance on lime and Portland cement.
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Weikle, Belinda M. "Preliminary investigation of energy dissipation at culvert outlets using a riprap step." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1280.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 168 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-167).
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Pontier, Helen. "An evaluation of combined conventional and wetland systems for the control and management of road runoff." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247070.
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Abdul, Rahman Mohd Yusof Bin. "The development of a dynamic horizontal permeameter to measure surface drainage characteristics of textured impervious road surfaces." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/682.
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Sweet, Joseph G. "Vertical stiffness characterization of a geocomposite drainage layer for PCC highway pavements." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4268.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 171 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-154).
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Trejo-Gaytan, Julieta. "Treatment of urban runoff at Lake Tahoe : low intensity chemical dosing /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Craveiro, João Paulo Martinho. "Factors influencing the use of road-crossing culverts by carnivores." Master's thesis, ISA-UL, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13431.
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Helstrom, Christopher L. "Performance and Effectiveness of a Thin Pavement Section Using Geogrids and Drainage Geocomposite in a Cold Region." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HelstromC2005.pdf.
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Taamneh, Madhar Mohammad. "Long Term Monitoring and Evaluation of Drainable Bases at I-90 Test Road." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1247846052.
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Tague, Christina Lee. "Modeling seasonal hydrologic response to forest harvesting and road construction, the role of drainage organization." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0026/NQ49893.pdf.
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Alzubaidi, Hossein. "On rating of gravel roads." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure and Planning, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3252.
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Valentová, Gabriela. "Mimoúrovňová křižovatka silnic I/43 a II/385 v Kuřimi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226451.
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This master’s thesis deals with drawing Winter change to replace an existing capacity-inconvenient crossroad. This crossroad is located near by city Kuřim and it has free branchs – II/386 connecting on theroad I/43.Thisinterchangesolvesconnectionfromthaplanned bypass of the city Kuřim. This by-pass road will connect to road R43. An precondition preservativ of the existing road I/43 in the current position to get drawing of the innterchasecheaper. Intersection is designed to enable branching in all directions crossing.
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Kozák, Petr. "Napojení JV obchvatu města Jihlavy-křižovatka silnic I/38 a II/523." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225923.
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This diploma work deals with researching study of transport junction of main road I/38 and major road II/523 and than link-up of the proposed Outer ring road (VMO) and Southeastern by-pass (JVO) routes of region capital Jihlava, district of Jihlava, Vysočina region. Road structure will solve designed staged link-up of aboved mentioned roads according to their construction schedule. The design takes into account current roads and completed stages, with respect to minimum costs. Road structure is situated on Czech-Moravian Highlands. Its terrain is hilly, pondy and composed of agricultural parcels. The main purpose of this design is steady link-up of all considered traffic flows in the given locality.
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Dušek, Martin. "Rozvoj místních komunikací v obci Přibyslavice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371819.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is to help the town of Přibyslavice with the development of local communications. This includes project work based on the current needs of the town and related consultations with local representatives and building authority. First, a passportization of local communications was drawn and subsequently, widening of the communication network by three new roads was suggested. This will enable creation of new building plots. New sewage and rainwater drainage, together with water conduit, were designed. Emphasis was put on avoiding interference with plots not owned by the town, on comfortable access to currently used plots, safe connection to the existing regional road no. III/3798, and sufficient radius for passage of firefighters and a garbage truck.
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Tomešek, Zdeněk. "Vyhledávací studie obchvatu města Hustopeče." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225418.
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This graduation thesis deals about researching study of by-pass road of city Hustopeče, district of Břeclav, Southmoravian region. This city passes main road number 425, which should be connected with the by-pass road. The by-pass road will be designed as road of category S9,5/70 and will be situated west of the city. Terrain is undulated and composed of agricultural parcels. The main purpose of this by-pass road is significant burden of region traffic.
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Libichová, Jana. "Studie MÚK silnic R43 s I/43." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225918.
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Aim of this Master´s thesis is the road adjustment and design of new grade separated junction highway R43 and road I/43,of Černá Hora – Svitávka and to design optimal distribution of transport hubs including the design II/150 and III/37429, which should be connected with existing roads.The adjustment of the routes will be designed in the necessary extent with the optimal distribution of transport hubs regarding the best transport and economical solution and with minimal impact on the enviroment.
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Rameau, Hugues Georges. "Influences de la pluviométrie sur la stabilité de talus routiers: méthodologie adaptée pour l'évaluation du profil hydrique temporel du sol et sa prise en compte dans les calculs de stabilité en Haïti." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210025.
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Les routes sont normalement pourvues de systèmes de drainage dimensionnés et exécutés conformément aux règles de l’art en vue d’évacuer, le plus rapidement possible de l’emprise de la route, les eaux des précipitations à considérer sur la base des périodes de retour prises en compte. Toutefois, il subsiste souvent des écoulements d’eau indésirables au niveau des talus et parfois dans les accotements et/ou les surfaces de roulement non imperméabilisées. Une succession de pluies entraîne des infiltrations d’eau qui varient notamment en fonction des conditions climatiques et suivant la texture et la structure du sol. De telles infiltrations ont pour conséquence la réduction des coefficients de sécurité des talus.Bien qu’il existe plusieurs publications scientifiques traitant de pluies qui ont conduit à des glissements de terrain (Lim et al. 1996 ;Cho et al. 2001 ;Kim et al. 2004 ;Xue et al. 2007 ;Gavin et al. 2008), les incidences des infiltrations résultant de pluies successives sur le comportement des couches superficielles des sols non saturés ne sont généralement pas prises en compte. Les modèles permettant le calcul de la stabilité de talus des massifs de sols non saturés exigent beaucoup de paramètres parfois difficiles à évaluer et se rapportent ordinairement aux cas d’instabilité provoqués par une remontée du niveau piézométrique des nappes phréatiques.
Sur la base des essais réalisés en laboratoire, une méthodologie adaptée permettant d’évaluer la variation spatio-temporelle de la teneur en eau du sol en fonction d’une suite de pluies a été développée. Cette méthodologie facilite la prise en compte des effets cumulés des taux d’infiltration associés aux évènements pluvieux et permet d’en déduire le profil de succion ainsi que celui de la cohésion apparente à utiliser en vue de calculer, pour une inclinaison β du talus, l’intervalle de variation du coefficient de sécurité Fs. La méthodologie développée présente un intérêt particulier dans le cas de budgets et infrastructures limités.
ABSTRACT
Roads are normally equipped with drainage systems sized and implemented in accordance with the rules of art to evacuate as quickly as possible to the right of way, water precipitation to be considered on the basis of return periods taken into account. However, there are often water flows at the slope side and sometimes in the shoulders and / or running surfaces that are not waterproof. A succession of rain causes a certain amount of water infiltration, which varies according to climatic conditions and depending on the soil texture and structure. Such infiltrations have resulted in reduced safety factor of slopes.
Although there are several scientific publications on rainfall leading to landslides (Lim et al. 1996; Cho et al. 2001, Kim et al. 2004; Xue et al. 2007; Gavin and al. 2008), impacts resulting from infiltration of successive rains on the behavior of surface layers of unsaturated soils are usually not taken into account. Models for calculating the slope stability of unsaturated soils require many parameters that can be, in certain circumstances, difficult to assess and refer generally to cases of instability caused by a rise in groundwater level.
Based on laboratory tests, a suitable methodology for assessing the spatial and temporal variation of soil water content induced by a set of rains has been developed. This methodology facilitates the inclusion of the cumulative effects of the infiltration rates associated with rain events and infers from them the profile of suction and that of the apparent cohesion to be used to calculate, for a slope angle β, the range of variation of the safety factor Fs. This methodology is particularly relevant in the case of limited budgets and infrastructures.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Ruiz, Adilson Nunes. "Concreto com fresado asf?ltico aplicado em dispositivos de prote??o e drenagem de obras vi?rias." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2017. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/925.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP
In view of the large volume of waste generated by the construction industry coupled with the growing understanding of environmental preservation by the population, it was necessary to carry out studies with the firm intention of reusing these wastes. This work focuses on the residues generated in the area of road pavement construction, especially those resulting from the maintenance, restoration and improvement of roads paved with asphalt concrete. As the use of this material is not always carried out in a technical and adequate way, even though several studies are directed to the good technique of using recycled asphalt pavement, this work intends to present another technical form for the application of this important residue, to use in the construction of rigid concrete barriers and in gutters, half wire and gutters. These services normally run within the road works, that is, it aims to keep the material generated within the limits of the generating source. In order to achieve this, studies focused on meeting the technical specifications of the National Department of Infrastructure and Transport (DNIT) and the Department of Roads of the State of S?o Paulo (DER-SP), minimizing the output of milling from the generating source, considering that these public agencies are the main sources of this waste and performers of the services for which it is intended. This study compared the physical characteristics of conventional concrete and concrete with embedded asphalt milling, thus evaluating its technical, economic feasibility and environmental. The study was carried out in concrete with a characteristic compressive strength of 25MPa, intended for road safety elements, and at 20MPa for surface drainage elements. It was observed that the increase of recycled asphalt pavement in the concrete mixture directly influences the mechanical resistance, reducing its resistant capacity. When analyzing the substitution content of recycled asphalt pavement in the mix, it was found that percentages higher than 15% substantially affect the concrete's strength properties. The concrete with recycled asphalt pavement presents less rise and absorption of water by capillarity, as well as less absorption in the test of immersion, important qualities for mixtures that will be destined to the manufacture of structures that will be exposed to the elements or the contact with the water. The use of this residue in the concrete generates reduction in the cost of manufacture, besides providing reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2). In Brazil, it can be estimated that the use of asphalt milling in the concretes studied, can generate the approximate annual reduction of 270 thousand tCO2, besides saving approximately US$ 97 million/year through the sale of CO2 ("green" income) And the reduction of costs with the acquisition of natural raw materials extracted from deposits (sand and crushed stone), as well as to finance with this amount the construction of approximately 23 thousand popular residences of 40m2.
Tendo em vista o grande volume gerado de res?duos pela ind?stria da constru??o aliado ao fato do crescente entendimento pela popula??o da preserva??o ambiental, fez-se necess?ria a realiza??o de estudos com o firme prop?sito de reutiliz?-los. Este trabalho foca no res?duo gerado na ?rea da constru??o de pavimenta??o vi?ria, principalmente naqueles advindos das obras de manuten??o, restaura??o e melhoria do leito vi?rio pavimentado revestido com concreto asf?ltico. Como a utiliza??o deste material ? realizada nem sempre de forma t?cnica e adequada, mesmo tendo diversos estudos direcionados ? boa t?cnica de utiliza??o do fresado asf?ltico, este trabalho tem a pretens?o de apresentar mais uma forma t?cnica para a aplica??o deste importante res?duo, o de utilizar na constru??o de barreiras r?gidas de concreto e em canaletas, meios fio e sarjetas. Servi?os estes normalmente executados dentro das obras vi?rias, ou seja, visa manter o material gerado dentro dos limites da fonte geradora. Para isso, foram realizados estudos focados em atender as especifica??es t?cnicas do Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura e Transporte (DNIT) e do Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem do Estado de S?o Paulo (DER-SP) em parte das obras de seguran?a vi?ria e drenagem, tendo em vista que estes ?rg?os p?blicos tem o dom?nio das principais fontes geradoras deste res?duo e s?o executores dos servi?os ao qual se destina. Este estudo comparou as caracter?sticas f?sicas do concreto convencional e do concreto com fresado asf?ltico incorporado, avaliando assim a sua viabilidade t?cnica, econ?mica e ambiental. O estudo foi realizado em concreto com resist?ncia caracter?stica ? compress?o de 25MPa, destinado a elementos de seguran?a vi?ria, e com 20MPa, para os elementos de drenagem superficial. Foi constatado que o incremento de fresado asf?ltico na mistura do concreto influencia diretamente nas resist?ncias mec?nicas, reduzindo sua capacidade resistente. Ao analisar o teor de substitui??o de fresado asf?ltico na mistura, foi constatado que percentuais superiores a 15% afetam substancialmente as propriedades mec?nicas do concreto. O concreto com fresado asf?ltico apresenta menor ascens?o e absor??o de ?gua por capilaridade, bem como menor absor??o no ensaio de imers?o, qualidades importantes para misturas que ser?o destinadas ? fabrica??o de estruturas que ficar?o expostas ?s intemp?ries ou ao contato com a ?gua. O uso deste res?duo no concreto gera redu??o no custo de fabrica??o, al?m de proporcionar redu??o da emiss?o de gases do efeito estufa (CO2). No Brasil, pode-se estimar que o uso do fresado asf?ltico nos concretos estudados, pode gerar a redu??o anual aproximada de 270mil tCO2, al?m de possibilitar economia aproximada de US$ 97 milh?es/ano atrav?s da comercializa??o do CO2 (renda ?verde?) e da redu??o de custos com a aquisi??o de mat?rias primas naturais extra?das de jazidas (areia e pedra britada), bem como financiar com este valor a constru??o de aproximadamente 23mil resid?ncias populares de 40m?.
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Barnett, Sally Jillian Anthony. "The use of a risk based approach to identify the uncertainties associated with flooding of highway drainage infrastructure." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6642/.
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The strategic and local road networks are together the United Kingdom’s most valuable infrastructure assets. Roads deteriorate over time as a function of traffic and the environment and must be maintained appropriately to preserve their asset value in order to help support the economy. Furthermore, well maintained roads reduce road user costs via lowering vehicle operating costs, reducing accidents, delays and litigation. Amongst other projections, climate change indicators suggest there will be warmer wetter winters and an increase in extreme weather events such as heavy rains. Increased heavy rainfall events will adversely influence the road infrastructure and place more demands on maintenance. The inherent risks in highway infrastructure assets and those associated with future climate predictions must be better understood and incorporated within decision support models to enable highway engineers and asset managers make better, more informed decisions regarding infrastructure maintenance. By combining the risk management process and drainage network analysis this study explored the risks and their potential impacts within a road network. This resulted in a proposed methodology for the identification of parts of a network to be most at flood risk. Data in respect of the risks and their probability of occurrence, for use within the model was obtained through a questionnaire completed by highway drainage engineers at various locations in the UK.
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Sayre, Jaime M. "Mitigation of water quality and ecosystem impacts of roadway construction through retrospective engineering analyses." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1866.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 214 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-209).
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Asfour, Sarah. "Récupération d'énergie dans les chaussées pour leur maintien hors gel." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22768/document.
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Les opérations de maintenance des routes en conditions hivernales sur réseaux routiers constituent un enjeu important pour maintenir l’offre de mobilité en situation dégradée. Elles génèrent des coûts d’exploitation directs et indirects élevés, liés en particulier à l’utilisation intensive de fondants routiers. Par ailleurs, leur impact environnemental doit être pris en considération. Nous étudions ici une structure de chaussée non soumise à ce type d’astreinte, grâce à la présence d’une couche de liaison drainante dans laquelle circule un fluide chaud, permettant ainsi d’éviter le dépôt de neige ou la formation de glace en surface. Dans le cadre d’une démarche en faveur de l’emploi d’énergie renouvelable, un tel dispositif pourrait permettre de récupérer l’énergie thermique disponible en surface de chaussée en période chaude, de l’acheminer vers un lieu de stockage (ex : géothermie) et de l’utiliser en période froide. Nous étudions ici la fonction d’échangeur de chaleur entre le fluide et la chaussée, la fonction de stockage externe à la chaussée n’étant pas abordée hormis dans la revue bibliographique. La structure de chaussée considérée comporte trois couches d’enrobés. La couche de roulement et la couche de base sont constituées de matériaux classiquement utilisés dans les chaussées, à base de liants hydrocarbonés. Le matériau de la couche de liaison possède une porosité supérieure à 20%. La structure de chaussée est supposée avoir un dévers de l’ordre de 2%. Une chaussée expérimentale instrumentée a été mise en oeuvre pour recueillir des grandeurs thermo-physiques de la chaussée. Un modèle thermo-hydrique 2D est d2veloppé numériquement pour calculer la distribution de température dans le corps de chaussée lorsque l’on injecte un fluide à température d’entrée donnée, en haut de dévers. Les paramètres du modèle sont identifiés à partir des données expérimentales recueillies sous diverses sollicitations climatiques. On analyse dans un premier temps la sensibilité de la distribution de température en surface de chaussée aux différents paramètres du modèle (conductivité hydraulique, dévers, conductivités thermiques, chaleurs massiques), afin d’optimiser les procédures nécessaires au contrôle sous contraintes de températures positives en tout point. Dans une deuxième partie, des données expérimentales recueillies durant une période estivale d’un mois ont servi à valider le modèle thermique 1D. Une maquette de laboratoire a également permis d’identifier des paramètres en milieu saturé et non saturé. La dernière partie de thèse est consacrée au calcul des quantités énergétiques récupérables pendant la période estivale à l’aide des données de la réglEmentation thermique RT2012. Elles sont comparées aux quantités énergétiques de chauffage nécessaires pendant la période hivernale en s’appuyant sur des données de la RT2012 et des données de la Direction Interdépartementale des Routes Massif (DIR MC) ; l’objectif final étant de déterminer les performances énergétiques du systèmeWinter maintenance operations for road networks are an important issue for maintaining the mobility in degraded situations, but generate high direct and indirect exploitation costs, particularly related to the intensive use of road de-icing and environmental impact. We study a road structure free of this penalty, thanks to a bonding drainage asphalt layer, circulated by a hot fluid, to prevent the deposition of snow or ice formation on the road surface. As part of an integrated vision of promoting the use of renewable energy, such device could be used to recuperate the thermal energy available in the road surface during the hot period, to transport it to a storage location (e.g. geothermal) and use it during cold period. We study here the heat exchanger function between the fluid and the road, the external storage function to the road being not addressed. The considered pavement structure has three asphalt layers.The bearing layer and the base layer are formed of conventional materials with hydrocarbon-based binders. The material of the bonding layer has a porosity of 20% and based on the use of a binder resistant to a prolonged circulation of the coolant. The road structure is assumed to have a slope of about 2 to 3%. An instrumented experimental road is implemented to collect data on the thermo-hydraulic response of the pavement structure. A thermo-hydraulic 2D model is designed to simulate the temperature field in the road structure when the fluid is injected at the upslope side of the road with a target temperature. This model is calibrated from experimental data collected on the experimental road subjected to meteorological solicitations. Initially, the sensibility of the distribution of the surface temperature of the road toward various model parameters (hydraulic conductivity, transversal slope, thermal conductivities, heat capacities) is analysed, in order to study the optimization of control procedures allowing to keep positive the road surface temperature at any point (e.g. determination of the minimum fluid injection temperature, under given meteorological data). In a second time, pavement thermal parameters is identified using control optimal method in order to validated unidimensionnel thermal model applied on July experimental data. In third time, hydraulic model is validated experimentaly using a laboratory mockup in saturated and unsaturated conditions. In a fourth time, thermo-hydraulic bidimensionnal model is validated numerically using mesured data of experimental pavement. Finally, harvest energy in summer period using thermal reglementation RT2012 data and heating energy in winter period using RT2012 and Massif Interdepartmental Road Direction (DIR MC) are calculated in order to evaluate system performance
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"Shredded tires as an urban local road drainage layer material." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-09-1528.
Full textAbstract:
Roads in many northern climates like Saskatchewan can undergo structural failure caused by frost action and substructure moisture problems. Frost action can be efficiently controlled by eliminating at least one of the following conditions: moisture; freezing temperatures; and frost susceptible soils. However, effective use of shredded tire material could provide an environmentally sustainable solution for waste tires and could relieve pressure on limited quality aggregate resources.
The City of Saskatoon has successfully incorporated crushed rock and crushed recycled concrete as a subsurface road drainage layer to mitigate substructure drainage and frost issues. However, the price of crushed high value aggregates can be cost prohibitive and at times these materials are not available in quantities required. Previous research has documented that shredded tires are efficient in controlling frost action by providing thermal insulation and free drainage, but shredded tires performed poorly as a structural support layer with low mechanical stiffness and high compressibility properties.
The goal of this research was to provide improved pavement performance with respect to road substructure moisture drainage and frost mitigation. The specific objectives of this research were to:
• Quantify the mechanical properties of shredded tires and investigate the mechanical behavior of mixes of shredded tires with and without sand blended into the tire matrix as compared to conventional subbase and base coarse materials;
• Determine the permeability of shredded tires and investigate the effect of sand on the permeability of shredded tire/sand mixes as compared to conventional granular base and subbase materials, and;
• Compare the structural primary response behavior and capital cost of alternate road structures constructed with shredded tires and mixes of shredded tire and sand as a free draining subbase material compared to conventional drainage layers and road structures.
The hypothesis of this research was that the mechanical behavior of shredded tire material, used as a road substructure layer, can be improved by blending it with free draining sand. It was also hypothesized that blending shredded tire with free draining sand will have improved drainage compared to conventional granular subbase and base course materials.
Volumetric and mechanistic material properties and structural performance behavior of shredded tires and shredded tire/sand mixes in the mix ratios (by volume) of 1Tire:1Sand, 1Tire:2Sand and 1Tire:3Sand were evaluated and compared to City of Saskatoon subbase materials: crushed rock and granular base; as well as Saskatchewan Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure (SMHI) Type 6 subbase.
Laboratory characterization showed that 100% shredded tire materials were uniformly graded indicating high amounts of voids. The addition of sand resulted in a reduction of interparticle air voids. Results from strength and stiffness characterization tests indicated that 100% shredded tires exhibited low structural stiffness, but this behavior was improved as the quantity of sand in the shredded tire was increased. The 100% shredded tire material was determined to have a dynamic modulus value of 5MPa, whereas shredded tires/sand blends at the ratios of 1Tire:1Sand, 1Tire:2Sand and 1Tire:3Sand gave dynamic moduli values of 30MPa, 110 MPa and 158MPa, respectively. For comparison, SMHI Type 6 subbase, City of Saskatoon crushed rock and granular base exhibited dynamic moduli values of 94MPa, 174MPa and 471MPa, respectively.
Permeability characterization indicated that the 100% shredded tire materials were free draining at 1.42cm/s. Permeability decreased from 1.42cm/s with 100% shredded tire to 0.0026cm/s with 1Tire:3Sand. However, the shredded tire/sand mixes maintained permeability values higher than sand (0.0013cm/s). SMHI Type 6 subbase and granular materials were found to have a permeability of 0.0018cm/s and 0.000025cm/s, respectively, while crushed rock was free draining with a permeability of 1.12cm/s.
Structural behavior of 100% shredded tire, shredded tire/sand mixes and City of Saskatoon subbase materials were studied in road models using a 3-D numerical road modeling software that encoded triaxial material constitutive relationships determined in this research. A typical City of Saskatoon road structure was assumed for all road structures considered in this study with varying subbase material so as to directly compare the structural effect of the shredded tire with conventional road materials under primary load limits. Modeled results of the 100% shredded tire and crushed rock roads showed peak surface deflections of 2.19mm and 0.73mm, respectively. Peak surface deflection under primary load limits was found to decrease with an increase in sand quantity within the shredded tire layer. Based on the modeling results, 1Tire:2Sand and 1Tire:3Sand yielded peak surface deflections of 1.01mm and 0.96mm, respectively. For comparative purposes, road structures with SMHI Type 6 subbase deflected at 1.14mm.
Field test sections were constructed at Adolph Way in Saskatoon to compare the structural performance of shredded tire to crushed rock (currently specified by City of Saskatoon for drainage layers) in a typical residential road in Saskatoon. Unfortunately, both crushed rock (control) and shredded tire sections were found to deflect above acceptable limits due to high moisture conditions within the deep subgrade. Therefore, deeper excavation was required and the test sections were not constructed. The Adolph Way field experimentation of shredded tire showed that shredded tire road systems can be effectively constructed in the field, but showed the same sensitivity to poor subgrade conditions as crushed rock.
Capital cost analysis showed the 100% shredded tire and shredded tire/sand subbase layers to be less expensive than City of Saskatoon specified crushed rock drainage layers. The 100% shredded tire layer was estimated at a total cost of $2.93/m2 while 1Tire:1Sand, 1Tire:2Sand and 1Tire:3Sand were estimated at $4.39/m2, $4.88/m2 and $5.12/m2, respectively. SMHI Type 6 subbase, crushed rock and granular base layers were estimated at a total cost of $5.85/m2, $13.95/m2 and $9.00/m2, respectively for equivalent thickness.
From the structural, permeability and economic perspective of this research, the 1Tire:2Sand and 1Tire:3Sand materials proved to be cost efficient as well as technically viable options for mitigating frost action as compared with City of Saskatoon crushed rock materials evaluated. The use of shredded tire/sand mixes of 1Tire:2Sand and 1Tire:3Sand in urban local road structures with low traffic volumes are therefore recommended as a cost effective subbase drainage layer material.
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Lan, Hsin-Ju, and 藍欣茹. "Drainage induced slope failure along the mountain road at the Xiaolin Village." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25012462716723563469.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
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Mountain Hsuen-Du located at the northeastern of the Xiaolin Village was collapsed during the hit of typhoon Morakot on August 2009. Most of previous studies indicated that the occurrence of the enormous landslide was due to the fragile geological formation, steep slope and coupled with the extreme rainfall. However, areas which are adjacent to the landslides having similar topographic and geological characteristics were not failure under the same rainfall event. According to aerial photos, road development on the landslide areas was higher than that of the surrounding non-landslide areas. It is highly suspicious that the collapse of the Mountain Hsuen-Du was possibly related to the development of road system. In order to explore the effects of mountain roads on the landslides, the environmental indices of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Road Curvatures (RC) and Drainage Density (DD) of the landslide areas were extracted in this study. The sites with higher mean value and lower standard deviation of NDVI, which derived from the SPOT imagery taken in dry and/or rainy seasons, could be implied as the vegetation stands with more drought tolerance due to having deeper soil layer, and the sites once collapsed should produce huge debris volume. TWI and RC were extracted along the road to indicate the potential sites which are vulnerable to slope failure. The surface runoff diverted by the road side ditches could spoil the sites with high RC due to the straight movement characteristics of the diverted runoff and cause the downslope collapse. For the DD viewpoint, the sites with higher DD were implied that the slope was fragile geology and eroded easily. The lack of road drainage capacity brought inadequate serve for the overland flow during the hit of typhoon Morakot. Results found that there were 20 sites along the road with high RC were indicated as hotspot of vulnerability to slope failure, in which 10 of them were the possible sites with headward erosion. Therefore, road constructed on the vulnerable areas could be damaged due to slope collapse. Moreover, the road section A3K+000 to A5K+000 and B4K+000 to B7K+000 were located on the higher DD areas, and particularly at A4K+000 and B3K+000 with the properties of high NDVI which depicts the potential of deep-seated landslides. In summary, it was found that the Xiaolin Village has a highly intensive mountain road density with 7.34 km/km2 and 122 turning points. Analysis of environmental indices shows that there are several landslide hotspots along the road. It can prove that the development of roadsystem at the Xiaolin Village plays an important role on the collapse of the Mountain Hsuen-Du.
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Jeong, Jaehak 1974. "A hydrodynamic diffusion wave model for stormwater runoff on highway surfaces at superelevation transitions." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3905.
Full textAbstract:
Superelevation transition is often used to help balance the centrifugal forces on vehicles through curved roadway sections. Such transitions have regions with near-zero cross-slope as the pavement cross-section rotates from a negative to positive grade. For drainage of roadway surfaces, regions with near-zero slope constitute 'irregular topography'. This condition promotes extended stormwater runoff drainage path lengths and may result in excessive splash from vehicles and hydroplaning. A critical concern is the effect of longitudinal slope on stormwater drainage through superelevation transition. The overall goal of this study is to provide design guidance on longitudinal slope at superelevation transitions through application of a numerical simulation model of highway drainage. Sheet flow on urban pavement surfaces is very shallow, typically measuring a depth less than one centimeter. For modeling of such flow conditions, any small discontinuity or over-simplification of the surface geometry may result in failure in the flow computation. The kinematic wave approximation to the full Saint-Venant equations is often used in many surface and subsurface water models due to its simplicity in application. However, this model fails when backwater effects, ponding, or flow on reverse slope occurs in the local scale. Furthermore, due to the complexity in the surface geometry and the existence of drainage systems, the kinematic wave model is not sufficient for modeling urban stormwater runoff. On the other hand, the full dynamic wave (DW) model usually requires more computational effort. The long computation time of DW model often compromises the accuracy of the model, making the model practically inefficient. In this study, an algorithm was developed to properly represent the irregularly shaped roadway surfaces near superelevation transition areas with unevenly spaced curvilinear grids based on the geometry profile provided by a roadway design software package such as MicroStation CAD. With this accurately defined geometric representation, a nonlinear hydrodynamic diffusion wave model for hydraulic analysis developed in this research estimates the flow depth and runoff volume on the pavement surfaces. The model computes the flow responses for rising hydrographs using a preconditioned general Conjugate Gradient method. Kinematic boundary conditions developed for the open boundaries at the upstream and downstream boundaries compute the boundary values explicitly at each time step. The result of a numerical experiment shows that the spread and concentration of sheet flow is closely related to the transition in cross slope, longitudinal slope, rainfall intensity, and the width of the road. The characteristics of the sheet flow on superelevation transition areas are analyzed to find the optimal longitudinal slope. It is found that the longitudinal slope in the range of 0.3%-0.4% is the optimal slope at superelevation transition areas which minimizes the depth of stormwater runoff. An example application of the model on a rural highway in Texas is also presented. It is found that a significant amount of stormwater may exist on traffic lanes at the superelevation transitions tested. The predicted ponding depth exceeds the minimum value for potential hydroplaning, and the pattern of the flow concentration may cause differential drag forces on traffic vehicles.text
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Garrah, Evelyn. "WILDLIFE ROAD MORTALITY ON THE 1000 ISLANDS PARKWAY IN SOUTH EASTERN ONTARIO: PEAK TIMES, HOT SPOTS, AND MITIGATION USING DRAINAGE CULVERTS." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7232.
Full textAbstract:
Road mortality threatens the long-term viability of some wildlife populations, particularly herpetofauna. Wildlife road mortalities were recorded during regular bicycle-based surveys of the 1000 Islands Parkway in south eastern Ontario during 2010 and 2011. These data were grouped with similar data collected in 2008 and 2009 to determine when and where animals were killed along the Parkway to better inform mitigation options. Temporal and spatial clustering was significant for five taxonomic groups: snakes were found dead on the road primarily in September, turtles in June, frogs in July, and birds and mammals in June and July. The majority of turtles found on the Parkway were adult females, which may have implications for long-term population demographics and persistence. Regression tree analysis indicates day-of-year as the most important variable in explaining wildlife road mortality for all taxonomic groups, with higher road mortalities coinciding with higher minimum daily temperature. Precipitation and traffic accounted for little variation in snake road mortality, and had no effect on turtle, frog, bird or mammal road kills. Spatial clustering was found for all taxonomic groups with overlapping areas of significant clustering between years identified as hot spots. In addition, the potential for drainage culverts to reduce wildlife road mortality was tested with two experimental treatments in 2010: (1) blocked culverts to prevent wildlife use, and (2) drift fence installation adjacent to culverts to encourage wildlife use. Wildlife road mortalities at these locations as well as control culverts were compared with 2008 wildlife road mortalities when there were no culvert treatments. The number of road kills in the area of treatments was too low to measure changes for all taxa but frogs, which showed no significant changes in road kills for any culvert treatment. The results of the study are used to evaluate a list of potential options for mitigating wildlife road mortality along the Parkway, and a list of implementable actions is identified.Thesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-05-31 16:33:51.623
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Naborn, Bernice. "The use of the road-to-health booklet developmental screening in the detection and referral of early developmental delay in the Pelonomi hospital drainage area." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22578.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Science in Medicine in Child Development.
Johannesburg, 2016Context: The use of the Road-to-health booklet (RTHB) developmental screening checklist may aid in the early detection of, referral and intervention for developmental delay in the primary care setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the use of the new Road-to-health booklet developmental screening checklist by the nursing staff of referring clinics at any visit before being admitted to hospital. This study aimed to compare the results of nurse-completed screening checklists with those completed by a paediatrician, and to compare the referral patterns of children with a suspected developmental delay by both the nursing staff and paediatrician. This study further aimed to establish whether there was an association between caregiver concern and the identification of a delay by using the RTHB checklist by the clinic staff or the paediatrician. Design, setting and patients: A cross-sectional descriptive study of patients younger than six years of age referred to a hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa, during May 2014 to October 2014. Methods: Children referred to Pelonomi Hospital for admission were eligible for inclusion in the study. The use and results of the RTHB developmental screening checklist completed prior to admission by the referring clinics’ nursing staff were documented. The caregivers were questioned on the development of their child. The principal investigator, who is a paediatrician, repeated the same developmental screening checklist upon referral to the hospital. The outcome of the screening checklist completion and subsequent referral patterns of the clinics’ nursing staff were compared to that of the paediatrician. Results: The RTHB developmental screening checklist was completed by their clinic prior to referral in 45/113 (40%) of the study participants. In 6/45 (13%) of cases the clinic detected a possible delay. A developmental delay was suspected by 28/113 (25%) of the caregivers. The paediatrician detected a possible developmental delay in 32/113 (28%) of the cases. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of children with developmental delay detected by the paediatrician versus children with developmental delay detected by the clinic (14/45 [31%] vs 6/45 [13%]; p < 0.0003). Parental concern was associated with a higher rate of identifying delays as compared to the use of the RTHB by both the paediatrician (p<0.0001) and the clinic nursing staff (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the referral pattern of the clinic versus the paediatrician once a possible delay had been detected. Conclusion: The RTHB developmental screening checklist is not used optimally to detect developmental delays at a primary care level.
MT2017
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MARKOVÁ, Dana. "Návrh projektové dokumentace polní cesty konkrétně zohledňující retenci a akumulaci vody v rámci pozemkové úpravy." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-154439.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this thesis is to draft a project documentation of the new field road reflecting water retention and accumulation within the complex land consolidation. Territory, suitable for the construction of this new field road, is located in the foothills of the Novohradské hory, about 12 km southeast of the village Trhové Sviny. The chosen location with local names "U hrušky" and "Na 22 hektarech" is located in the eastern part of the cadastral area Dlouhá Stropnice. Proposed practical solution of project documentation of side field road design category P4,0/30 completed with a suitable alternative drainage is based on the theoretical summary of the literature review in this thesis. Other objects - fall culverts and landscaping the surrounding areas are included in the conception of project proposal. An integral part and basis for making the draft was field survey and subsequent analysis of the current status of the affected area.
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DOBNEROVÁ, Karla. "Návrh cyklostezky v okolí obce Kamenný Újezd." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54757.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of my thesis was to project a design of a concrete chosen section of the cycling trail in the vicinity of the village of Kamenný Újezd, which is located in Southern Bohemia, south-west of České Budějovice. I propose two alternative cycling trails in accordance with the applicable standards, laws and technical conditions. A better alternative in terms of transport, economy, ecology and aesthetics, I elaborated to the phase of documentation for the notification of the construction of road according to Decree 104/1997 Sb.. In the project, I propose a direction solution, vertical solutions, width layout, road construction, earthworks, drainage, equipment and traffic signs. I analyzed property relations in the proposed cycling route and existing bicycle trails in the given locality. I suggested a cycling communication, which is multifunctional, therefore not only used by cyclists but also pedestrians, in-line skaters, and when appropriate, for occasional agricultural transport.
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Azom, Prince Nnamdi. "Improved modeling of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21421.
Full textAbstract:
The Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Process involves the injection of steam through a horizontal well and the production of heavy oil through a lower horizontal well. Several authors have tried to model this process using analytical, semi-analytical and fully numerical means. In this dissertation, we improve the predictive ability of previous models by accounting for the effect of anisotropy, the effect of heat transfer on capillarity and the effect of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion formation and transport which serves to enhance heat transfer during SAGD. We account for the effect of anisotropy during SAGD by performing elliptical transformation of the resultant gravity head and resultant oil drainage vectors on to a space described by the vertical and horizontal permeabilities. Our results, show that unlike for the isotropic case, the effect of anisotropy is time dependent and there exists a given time beyond which it ceases to have any effect on SAGD rates. This result will impact well spacing design and optimization during SAGD. Butler et al. (1981) derived their classical SAGD model by solving a 1-D heat conservation equation for single phase flow. This model has excellent predictive capability at experimental scales but performs poorly at field scales. By assuming a linear saturation -- temperature relationship, Sharma and Gates (2010b) developed a model that accounts for multiphase flow ahead of the steam chamber interface. In this work, by decomposing capillary pressure into its saturation and temperature components, we coupled the mass and energy conservation equations and showed that the multi-scale, multiphase flow phenomenon occurring during SAGD is the classical Marangoni (or thermo-capillary) effect which can be characterized by the Marangoni number. At low Marangoni numbers (typical of experimental scales) we get the Butler solution while at high Marangoni numbers (typical of field scales), we approximate the Sharma and Gates solution. The Marangoni flow concept was extended to the Expanding Solvent SAGD (ES-SAGD) process and our results show that there exists a given Marangoni number threshold below which the ES-SAGD process will not fare better than the SAGD process. Experimental results presented in Sasaki et al. (2002) demonstrate the existence of water-in-oil emulsions adjacent to the steam chamber wall during SAGD. In this work we show that these emulsions enhanced heat transfer at the chamber wall and hence oil recovery. We postulate that these W/O emulsions are principally hot water droplets that carry convective heat energy. We perform calculations to show that their presence can practically double the effective heat transfer coefficient across the steam chamber interface which overcomes the effect of reduced oil rates due to the increased emulsified phase viscosity. Our results also compared well with published experimental data. The SAGD (and ES-SAGD) process is a short length-scaled process and hence, short length-scaled phenomena (typically ignored in other EOR or conventional processes) such as thermo-capillarity and in-situ emulsification should not be ignored in predicting SAGD recoveries. This work will find unique application in predictive models used as fast proxies for predicting SAGD recovery and for history matching purposes.text
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Bosquez, Juan. "A comprehensive study of recycled concrete aggregates as a drainable base layer for pavements." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1747.
Full text
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Huang, Hsiao-Wen. "The assessment of copper and zinc removal from highway stormwater runoff using Apatite II™." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30386.
Full textAbstract:
Copper and zinc are heavy metals commonly present in highway stormwater runoff. Discharge of these metals to surface waters inhabited by sensitive aquatic species including threatened and endangered salmonids has necessitated the need for improved treatment techniques. Although copper is of the greater toxicological concern, zinc is often present at concentrations several times higher than copper and may compete with copper during adsorptive treatment processes. In the current study, the ability biogenic fish-bone based alternative adsorbent, Apatite II™, for copper and zinc removal from synthetic stormwater runoff was evaluated. Batch experiments were employed to examine equilibrium removal and rapid small scale column tests (RSSCT) were used to simulate dynamic operation in continuous systems. In both batch and continuous systems, the release of phosphate and calcium were observed, and Apatite II™ achieved high removal efficiencies. The removal of copper and zinc was likely due to a combination of processes including adsorption, ion exchange and precipitation. Precipitation played a dominant role in copper removal and the release of phosphate and pH buffering appear to drive this process. While precipitation was also quite important for zinc removal, adsorptive removal also played a role. The findings from the current study provide a general understanding of the performance of copper and zinc removal from stormwater runoff using Apatite II™.Graduation date: 2012
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BOHDAL, Tomáš. "Drobní zemní savci podél přirozených a antropogenních krajinných bariér." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81300.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation summarises the result of the study of small terrestrial mammals (Eulipotyphla, Rodentia) along natural (watercourses) and anthropogenic (road, highway) landscape barriers. It points to an interesting phenomenon of road drainage ditches as a transitional migration environment, further it assesses the level of locomotion activity, the rate of structure of subpopulations and the frequency of crossing watercourses in the case of selected rodent species. It contributes with its results to solving problems concerning the effect of these landscape structures on the species diversity, ground mobility or genetic structure of small terrestrial mammals. ˙˙˙˙
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Wentzel, Dorithea Maria. "Kwasizabantu : a spatial development framework and detail design." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24388.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to analyse and interpret the existent and future needs of the people and environment of the mission station, Kwasizabantu,to ensure settlement growth that will enhance the social, economical and environmental aspects of the settlement. This will result in a development framework of the whole site, a master plan for the lifespan of the settlement and detailed design of the heart of the settlement.Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
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