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Journal articles on the topic 'Road on the station'
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1
Smith, Tracy K. "New Road Station." Callaloo 35, no. 2 (2012): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2012.0072.
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Popović, Goran. "Roman road station Gensis." Зборник радова Филозофског факултета у Приштини 49, no. 4 (2019): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp49-23633.
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Ludwig, Josef. "Tottenham Court Road Station." Stahlbau 83, S1 (2014): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stab.201490074.
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Gayen, Joyoti, and Debashis Sarkar. "How rural roads benefit the household’s asset position: A case study in West Bengal, India." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 08 (2021): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/08378.
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An attempt has been made in this study to observe the linkages between rural roads on household assets including material, social and human capital. It has been found that places with better roads and railway systems lead to better asset position of the households and hence an increased livelihood opportunity. The households near main roads and rail stations have a more consistent asset position with lower coefficient of variation (CV) of asset score and having a statistically higher group mean value. Automatically inequality in asset position is more in remote villages. Percentage wise distribution of households according to possession of different household shows the same result. Households adjacent to main road and rail station have higher percentage of consumer durable assets than that of the households who reside away from main road and rail station except possession of different agricultural implements. Other assets position like physical capital consisting of house property status, human capital like educational status, access to health care facilities, sanitation facilities reflect the same picture which indirectly gives a way to a diverse livelihood.
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Christopher A, WOJUADE, and BADIORA Adewumi I. "Designing out Crime at Bus Terminals in Nigeria: An Exploratory Analysis." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 11, no. 2 (2017): 2436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v11i2.6365.
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Transit stops usually correlate with high human and crime activities. Having obtained information from transport facility managers and users, this study explores crime prevention and perception of safety at Nigerian Bus stations. This study compares and contrasts the perceptions of users and transport service managers in relation to selected bus stations (Ring road and Uselu) in Benin City as a case study. From the perception of the managers, it was believed that both bus stations observed design principles for crime prevention but that of ring road was planned more effectively than Uselu. This suggests that ring road bus stations should be perceived to be safer. Surprisingly, this was not as the users felt the other bus station was slightly safer. An assessment of landuses within 150m radius to each bus station showed that ring road station is someway in close proximity to several landuses likely to generate, attract, and facilitate crime. Hence, we speculate that the activity generated from these landuses may have negatively influenced perceived feeling of safety at this terminal. These findings thus, suggest that the surrounding environment acts to mediate perception of safety and effectiveness of crime prevention strategies of a site. The study therefore, concludes that safety and security planning of a place could be applied better by considering not only the security strategies but also the immediate surrounding environment.
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Qader, Rebaz. "ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ROCK SLOPE STABILITY ALONG THE PROPOSED LERABIRE ROAD IN THE MERGASUR CITY, KURDISTAN, IRAQ." Iraqi Geological Journal 53, no. 2F (2020): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.2f.5ms-2020-12-28.
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The study of slope stability along the proposed Lerabire road in the Mergasur town, in Erbil city, Kurdistan region of NE-Iraq is carried out. To evaluate the stability of slopes, twenty stations were selected along the mentioned road, two stations in the rock slopes of the Shiranish Formation, eleven stations in the Bekhme Formation, six stations in the Qamchuqa Formation, and one station in the Sarmord Formation. In this study, the stability of rock slopes has been evaluated by the Landslide Possibility Index system. The results of the Landslide Possibility Index category in the rock slopes along the proposed Lerabire road ranges from a very low to low for rock slopes in stations 1 and 2 (marl and marly limestone of the Shiranish Formation, Moderate for rock slopes in stations 3, 4 and 19 (limestone of the Bekhme Formation), High for rock slopes in the stations 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 (limestone of the Bekhme Formation), stations 12, 17 (limestone and marly limestone of the Qamchuqa Formation), station 20 (limestone of the Sarmord Formation and very high for rock slopes in the stations 13, 14, 15, 16 (limestone and marly limestone of the Qamchuqa Formation), station 18 (limestone of the Bekhme Formation). According to Landslide Possibility Index category, the hazard category is Low in station 1 in the Shiranish Formation, but in station 2, 3, 4 and 19 are Moderate, moreover, in the station 5, 11, 12, 17, 18 and 20 are high. The rock slope assessment indicated that the height of the slope face, slope angle, a high degree of weathering, and discontinuities spacing are the factors that increase the failure possibility. To prevent landslide the ditch method is used in the Shiranish Formation rock slopes, the reinforcement techniques are used in the Behkme Formation rock slopes and rock removal methods are used in Qamchuqa and Sarmord Formation rock slopes.
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Li, Zhi Cheng, Quan Xin Sun, and Shun Bo Zhao. "Study on Design Method for Scale and Layout of Road Passenger Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.231.
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On basis of summarizing the traditional design methods on road passenger station, this paper discusses the influence of road passenger station layout on scale design. Combined with the analysis of layout design method for road passenger station, a bi-level programming model is proposed taking into account the overall optimization design problem of the scale and the location of the road passenger station. Through a numerical example analysis, an optimized station layout plan and an optimum volume allocation of the station are given out.
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El-fedany, Ibrahim, Driss Kiouach, and Rachid Alaoui. "System architecture to select the charging station by optimizing the travel time considering the destination of electric vehicle drivers in smart cities." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (2020): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1564.
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The main limitations of electric vehicles are the limited scope of the battery and their relatively long charging times. This may cause discomfort to drivers of electric vehicles due to a long waiting period at the service of the charging station, during their trips. In this paper, we suggest a model system based on argorithms, allowing the management of charging plans of electric vehicles to travel on the road to their destination in order to minimize the duration of the drivers' journey. The proposed system decision to select the charging station, during advance reservation of electric vehicles, take into account the time of arrival of electric vehicles at charging stations, the expected charging time at charging stations, the local status of the charging stations in real time, and the amount of energy sufficient for the electric vehicle to arrive at the selected charging station. Furthermore, the system periodically updates the electric vehicule reservations to adjust their recharge plans, when they reach their selected earlier station compared to other vehicules requesting new reservations, or they may not arrive as they were forecast, due to traffic jams on the road or certain reluctance on the part of the driver.
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Zhang, Bing, and Bing Jie Zhang. "Evaluation of Traffic Organization Scheme during the Construction of Urban Subway Station Based on TransCAD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.433.
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Urban subway station construction has a direct influence on the surrounding road network, so the traffic organization scheme needs be optimized according to construction process. For accurately simulating the traffic conditions when the station to be constructed, the OD trip matrix from OD matrix estimation was distributed on different road network by using TransCAD. The traffic organization scheme would be more scientific and reasonable by multiple traffic organization scheme compared selected evaluation, which the service level of roads and intersections as the main evaluation indicators. The results show that traffic organization scheme obtained by this method can greatly reduce the traffic influence on the surrounding road network during construction.
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Chen, Jingxu, Xuewu Chen, Hang Jiang, Senlai Zhu, Xiaowei Li, and Zhibin Li. "Determining the Optimal Layout Design for Public Bicycle System within the Attractive Scope of a Metro Station." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/456013.
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Public bicycle acts as a seamless feeder mode in combination with the citywide public transit, as well as a competitor for the inner-city short trips. The primary objective of this study is to address the layout planning of public bicycle system within the attracted scope of a metro station. Based on the land use function, population, and bicycle mode share, bicycle rental stations are divided into three types, namely, the metro station, district station, and resident station, and later the quantity of bicycle facilities in each rental station is estimated. Then, the service stations are selected from these bicycle rental stations to provide the service of periodical bicycle redistribution. An improved immune algorithm is proposed to determine the number and locations of service stations and the optimal route options for the implement of redistributing strategy. Finally, a case study of Nanjing Tianyin Road metro station is conducted to illustrate the proposed model and clarify some of its implementation details.
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Karsisto, Virve, and Lauri Lovén. "Verification of Road Surface Temperature Forecasts Assimilating Data from Mobile Sensors." Weather and Forecasting 34, no. 3 (2019): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-18-0167.1.
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ABSTRACT The advances in communication technologies have made it possible to gather road condition information from moving vehicles in real time. However, data quality must be assessed and its effects on the road weather forecasts analyzed before using the new data as input in forecasting systems. Road surface temperature forecasts assimilating mobile observations in the initialization were verified in this study. In addition to using measured values directly, different statistical corrections were applied to the mobile observations before using them in the road weather model. The verification results are compared to a control run without surface temperature measurements and to a control run that utilized interpolated values from surrounding road weather stations. Simulations were done for the period 12 October 2017–30 April 2018 for stationary road weather station points in southern Finland. Road surface temperature observations from the stations were used in the forecast verification. According to the results, the mobile observations improved the accuracy of road surface temperature forecasts when compared to the first control run. The statistical correction methods had a positive effect on forecast accuracy during the winter, but the effect varied during spring when the daily temperature variation was strong. In the winter season, the forecasts based on the interpolated road surface temperature values and the forecasts utilizing mobile observations with statistical correction had comparable accuracy. However, the tested area has high road weather station density and not much elevation variation, so results might have been different in more varying terrain.
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Shuliak, Ivan, Serhii Sukhonosov, and Oleksand Chechuha. "Laboratory tests results of a measuring station for plate bearing tests of road structures." Automobile Roads and Road Construction, no. 109 (2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2021-109-049-055.
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An article devoted to the development of the latest equipment for testing road structures during the diagnostics of roads both in the process of repair and construction, and in the process of operation. A measuring station for stamp tests of road structures and their layers has been developed, which unites the test equipment into a single automated complex mounted on the base car. This eliminates the need for manual labor of the operator, increases productivity and accuracy of tests, provides the ability to perform multiple loads. At the same time, any truck or road vehicle can be used to create the load. A measuring unit with special software installed on it is used for registration and processing of measurement results. The results of laboratory tests of the measuring station, which were carried out in the laboratory of the department of metrological support of measurements of geometric quantities of SE «Ukrmetrteststandard» are highlighted. The obtained results indicate that the values of measuring force, absolute error and range of measurements of the station of movement of the station meet the regulatory requirements.
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Connolly, Sean. "Road construction noise inside a radio station." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 3 (2010): 1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3384257.
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Matinnia, Benyamin, Aidin Parsakhoo, Jahangir Mohamadi, and Shaban Shataee Jouibary. "Study of the LiDAR accuracy in mapping forest road alignments and estimating the earthwork volume." Journal of Forest Science 64, No. 11 (2018): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/87/2018-jfs.
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Today, differential geographical position system and total station devices are improving the accuracy of positioning information, but in critical locations such as steep slopes and closed canopy cover, the device accuracy is limited. Moreover, field surveying in this technique is time-consuming and expensive. For this reason, remote sensing technique such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) laser scanner should be used in field measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare precision and time expenditure of total station and airborne LiDAR in producing horizontal and vertical alignments and estimating earthwork volume of two proposed forest roads in a deciduous forest of Iran. To investigate this task, the geographical position of proposed forest roads were detected by differential geographical position system and then marked on land. Mentioned roads were taken again with Leica Total Station (LTS) on control points with same 5 m intervals from start point. Recent data served as a reference value for comparison with LiDAR measurements. The data were processed in Civil 3D, Fusion and Leica geo office software. Results showed that in comparison to field-surveyed routes by LTS, the LiDAR-derived routes exhibited a horizontal accuracy of 0.23 and 0.47 m and vertical accuracy of 0.31 and 0.66 m for road 1 and road 2, respectively. The LiDAR-derived sections every 1 m exhibited cut and fill accuracy of 2.39 and 3.18 m<sup>3</sup> for road 1 and 2.98 and 5.60 m<sup>3</sup> road 2, respectively. In this study, it was proved that the road project can be prepared faster by LiDAR than that of LTS. Therefore, high accuracy of road projection by LiDAR is useful for terrain analysis without the need for field reconnaissance.
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Bouilloud, L., E. Martin, F. Habets, et al. "Road Surface Condition Forecasting in France." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 48, no. 12 (2009): 2513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jamc1900.1.
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Abstract A numerical model designed to simulate the evolution of a snow layer on a road surface was forced by meteorological forecasts so as to assess its potential for use within an operational suite for road management in winter. The suite is intended for use throughout France, even in areas where no observations of surface conditions are available. It relies on short-term meteorological forecasts and long-term simulations of surface conditions using spatialized meteorological data to provide the initial conditions. The prediction of road surface conditions (road surface temperature and presence of snow on the road) was tested at an experimental site using data from a comprehensive experimental field campaign. The results were satisfactory, with detection of the majority of snow and negative road surface temperature events. The model was then extended to all of France with an 8-km grid resolution, using forcing data from a real-time meteorological analysis system. Many events with snow on the roads were simulated for the 2004/05 winter. Results for road surface temperature were checked against road station data from several highways, and results for the presence of snow on the road were checked against measurements from the Météo-France weather station network.
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Hagni Puspito, Imam, Dian Perwitasari, Ferry Munaf, Jade Sjafrecia Petroceany, Herawati Zetha Rahman, and Azaria Andreas. "Evaluating social infrastructure financial feasibility with life cycle costing methods." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927602019.
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Social infrastructure is defining as a physical facility that has been build for local community provided by government, private, or even from other institution. Social infrastructure dedicated to a function of place, for a particular group of people or those with special needs. The social infrastructure concept that will be discussed in this research is Road Side Station, adopted from Japanesse Michinoeki. Similar with michinoeki, the road side station is predefined to organize service functions to road users, economic empowerment of local community, and part of incubation service for its surrounding area. Diffrent from highway’s rest area that located at highway (toll road), the road side station will be located at nation road’s side. In 2016, the Ministry of Public Works dan Housing developing a pilot project of road side station located in Tugu, Trenggalek District, East Java Province. According to that, this research is aim to analyze a model for evaluating social infrastructure financial feasibility, based on case study in Tugu’s Road Side Station. This research used quantitative approach and then the Life Cycle Costing (LCC) methods will analyze and evaluate the financial modelling from construction phase to operating. With LCC methods, the percentage of Operation and Maintenance Cost (OM Cost) from all of the Capital Expenditure Cost (CAPEX Cost) can be calculate. Finally, the result shows that developing and operating Tugu’s road side station through out its life cycle is financially feasible, according to the LCC analyze.
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Wang, Zhen Po, Peng Liu, Hai Bin Han, Chun Lu, and Tao Xin. "A Distribution Model of Electric Vehicle Charging Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1543.
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The location and the overall arrangement of the charging stations is an important problem with the development of electric vehicles. It is related to the charging needs, city planning, service level of charging station, geographic location and competitive ability and so on. A distribution model of EV charging station is introduced in the paper. In order to describe the model preferably, this paper introduces the attractive factor of charging stations and the area-different factor. The model can give the charging station rational positions by analyzing the data of the traffic flow and the electric-consuming-rate of cars on the road. A case study is given to illustrate the applying the model.
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Pekša, Jānis. "FORECASTING MISSING DATA USING DIFFERENT METHODS FOR ROAD MAINTAINERS." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (June 20, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol2.4120.
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Observations collected from meteorological stations that are available to road maintainers and used for experimental purposes in this paper. Unfortunately, these observations are insufficient to make good forecasting that is needed for road maintainers. Those meteorological stations are located next to the road surface in the territory of the Republic of Latvia. The road maintainers can make forecasting using this data what is needed for the winter months. It is up to the road maintainers in winter months to process decision-making on road surface smudging with anti-slip chemical materials. The missing data in each meteorological station exists from time to time. The paper represents the possibility of using several approaches to fill out these missing data. This process is needed to be more accurate in predicting specific parameters aggregated from meteorological stations. These approaches are compared between the three closest meteorological stations available in the Republic of Latvia. The relevant data are for the winter months of 2017-2018. To conclude which is more accurate with VAS "Latvijas valsts celi" data set.
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Yan, Jun, Xueying Liu, Xiaoyu Bai, et al. "Research on Surface Subsidence of Long-Span Underground Tunnel." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 25, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6643892.
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In the process of urban rail transit construction, underground excavation method is often used in subway station construction. Based on a large number of measured data of Qingdao Metro Line 3, this paper analyzes and studies the ground subsidence law of long-span shallow buried excavation station. The research results show that vertical surface settlement will be caused by the excavation of both sides of the guide hole, but the settlement is relatively small, basically within −10 mm. Large surface settlement will occur during the middle or middle guide hole excavation, with a large settlement up to −30 mm. Through data fitting, it is found that the regression analysis using cubic polynomial of one degree can get better fitting effect. The horizontal surface variation rules of underground excavation stations are affected by the tunnel depth, geological conditions, management level of monitoring units, monitoring layout and monitoring accuracy, and so on. The differences in horizontal surface deformation and settlement between stations are large. Wannianquan Road Station basically conforms to the deformation law of ground settlement trough in Peck, and Junfeng Road Station directly above belongs to the whole subsidence type. This study has accumulated a large number of surface settlement monitoring data, which can provide a certain reference for the subsequent design of similar lines.
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Agrawal, Tripti, Sandeep Kumar Sinha, and Nitesh Agrawal. "Retrospective Evaluation of Determinants of Road Traffic Injuries at a Naval Station." Indian Journal of Community Health 33, no. 1 (2021): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i01.030.
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Introduction: Several factors like globalization, industrialization, migration, access to modern ways of living, increasing income levels, easy availability of vehicles, point of use entertainment/communication gadgets, media influence and others have brought human beings in close contact with a variety of challenges to safe driving, resulting in an increased occurrence of Road Traffic injuries across the globe. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at naval station amongst victims of road traffic accidents who reported to emergency department of naval hospital over period of six months. Interviews on structured questionnaire to explore various determinants of road traffic injuries (RTI). Data Analysis on 156 victims was carried out for proportion of study variables of interest, Chi square test to determine significant differences between demographic variables and RTA exposure. Results: Of 156 RTA victims, more than 50% were between 21 - 40 years; 69.9% were male; 93% accidents were contributed by driving speed more than 40km/hr; 47% occurred at road junctions followed by civil roads; 27% were due to collision. 23% accidents took place on Saturdays; 36% were in morning 06 - 12 hours. 1/3 accidents were caused by two wheeler vehicles. Negligence of driver (40.4%) poor road condition (24.4%) were major causes of the accident as reported by victims. 44.2% of the victims had minor injury; 58.7% drivers who met accidents were holding valid driving license; 38% were wearing protective gears and 56% narrated that road lights/ traffic signals were available at vantage points. Exposure to accidents was found to be having statistically significant difference when related to age, gender, type of accident, common causes of accident and use of protective gears. Conclusions: The stricter application of traffic laws and safety measures are required to bring down the road traffic accident rate and related mortality.
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Kanchanasuta, Suwimon, Sirapong Sooktawee, Aduldech Patpai, and Pisit Vatanasomboon. "Temporal Variations and Potential Source Areas of Fine Particulate Matter in Bangkok, Thailand." Air, Soil and Water Research 13 (January 2020): 117862212097820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622120978203.
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Particulate matter (PM) less than 2.5 micron (PM2.5) issue is 1 of the important targets of concern by the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Bangkok is a megacity and facing air pollution problems. This study analyzed PM, PM2.5 and PM less than 10 micron (PM10), monitoring data from stations located in Bangkok, and aimed to present their variations in diurnal, weekly, and intra-annual timescales. High PM concentrations are related to calm wind. The diurnal variation of PM2.5/PM10 suggested a greater accumulation of PM2.5 than PMcoarse during the low wind speed. Potential source areas affecting PM rising at each monitoring station were identified using statistical technique, bivariate polar plot, and conditional bivariate probability function. Results showed that Ratchathewi District Monitoring Station identified 3 potential source areas related to emissions from transportation sources creating rising PM concentrations. The first potential source was located in the northwest direction, namely, the Rama VI Road close to the conjunction with Ratchawithi Road. The second potential source area was located around the cross-section between Phaya Thai Road and Rama I Road, while the third was located at the intersection of the Phaya Thai Road to Yothi Street and Rang Nam Road. These potential source areas constitute useful information for managing and reducing PM.
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Liu, Yanan. "The influence of street-scale built environment on transportation mode choice of travelers around metro stations." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 02027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128302027.
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To understand the determinants of transportation mode choice of travelers around metro stations, more and more built environment attributes have been studied and shown significant results. This study focuses on the impacts of street-scale built environment on the travelers around the metro stations. 754 trips stemming from 309 respondents were collected around Yingkoudao metro station in Tianjin, China. A multinomial logit model was estimated to predict transportation mode choice to/from the study area as a function of socio-demographic information, trip characteristics, and street-scale built environment attributes (including land use mix, road width, the shortest distance to the station, sidewalk width, number of lamps, greenery area, and traffic light presence) along the shortest route between the Yingkoudao metro station and the origin/destination around the station for the choice of metro+walk. The results show that not only the socio-demographic characteristics, but also the distance to the station, land use mix, and number of lamps significantly influence the choice of metro+walk.
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Wu, J., M. Liao, and N. Li. "GROUND SUBSIDENCE ALONG SHANGHAI METRO LINE 6 BY PS-InSAR METHOD." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1889-2018.
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With the rapid development of urban economy, convenient, safe, and efficient urban rail transit has become the preferred method for people to travel. In order to ensure the safety and sustainable development of urban rail transit, the PS-InSAR technology with millimeter deformation measurement accuracy has been widely applied to monitor the deformation of urban rail transit. In this paper, 32 scenes of COSMO-SkyMed descending images and 23 scenes of Envisat ASAR images covering the Shanghai Metro Line 6 acquired from 2008 to 2010 are used to estimate the average deformation rate along line-of-sight (LOS) direction by PS-InSAR method. The experimental results show that there are two main subsidence areas along the Shanghai Metro Line 6, which are located between Wuzhou Avenue Station to Wulian Road Station and West Gaoke Road Station to Gaoqing Road Station. Between Wuzhou Avenue Station and Wulian Road Station, the maximum displacement rate in the vertical direction of COSMO-SkyMed images is &amp;minus;9.92&amp;thinsp;mm/year, and the maximum displacement rate in the vertical direction of Envisat ASAR images is &amp;minus;8.53&amp;thinsp;mm/year. From the West Gaoke Road Station to the Gaoqing Road Station, the maximum displacement rate in the vertical direction of COSMO-SkyMed images is &amp;minus;15.53&amp;thinsp;mm/year, and the maximum displacement rate in the vertical direction of Envisat ASAR images is &amp;minus;17.9&amp;thinsp;mm/year. The results show that the ground deformation rates obtained by two SAR platforms with different wavelengths, different sensors and different incident angles have good consistence with each other, and also that of spirit leveling.
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Hadinata, Martin, and Tatang Ruchimat. "ANALISIS TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA TENTANG PENUTUPAN JALAN JATI BARU RAYA UNTUK PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 1, no. 2 (2018): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v1i2.2744.
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Sidewalks are pedestrian paths that are generally parallel to the road and higher than the surface of the pavement to ensure the safety of the pedestrians concerned and Street Vendors (PKL) is a term to refer to the merchant invaders who carry out commercial activities over the area owned roads or sidewalks that should be intended for pedestrians. On December 22 Year 2017, the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta imposed a new concept of structuring the Tanah Abang market area. Access to transportation until the placement of street vendors starts to be changed, there are some changes to the concept of Tanah Abang market area, the road along Tanah Abang station on Jati Baru Raya road will be closed, the second change of street vendors who usually sell in Tanah Abang market area will be moved to the front of the road in front of Tanah Abang station. Policies taken by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta proved to violate Article 12 of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 38 Year 2004 concerning Roads, Article 128 Paragraph 3 of Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. The DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in taking the decision to close Jalan Jati Baru Raya has no prior coordination with the Traffic Director of the Jakarta Metropolitan Police who is authorized about traffic in Jakarta.
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Opara, Karol, and Jan Zieliński. "ROAD TEMPERATURE MODELLING WITHOUT IN-SITU SENSORS." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 12, no. 4 (2017): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2017.30.
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Modelling of the pavement temperature facilitates winter road maintenance. It is used for predicting the glaze formation and for scheduling the spraying of the de-icing brine. The road weather is commonly forecasted by solving the energy balance equations. It requires setting the initial vertical profile of the pavement temperature, which is often obtained from the Road Weather Information Stations. The paper proposes the use of average air temperature from seven preceding days as a pseudo-observation of the subsurface temperature. Next, the road weather model is run with a few days offset. It first uses the recent, historical weather data and then the available forecasts. This approach exploits the fact that the energy balance models tend to “forget” their initial conditions and converge to the baseline solution. The experimental verification was conducted using the Model of the Environment and Temperature of Roads and the data from a road weather station in Warsaw over a period of two years. The additional forecast error introduced by the proposed pseudo-observational initialization averages 1.2 °C in the first prediction hour and then decreases in time. The paper also discusses the use of Digital Surface Models to take into account the shading effects, which are an essential source of forecast errors in urban areas. Limiting the use of in-situ sensors opens a perspective for an economical, largescale implementation of road meteorological models.
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Potter, T. W., J. M. Reynolds, and Susan Walker. "The Roman road station of Aquaviva, southern Etruria." Papers of the British School at Rome 67 (November 1999): 199–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200004566.
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LA STAZIONE STRADALE ROMANA DI ACQUAVIVA, ETRURIA MERIDIONALEAcquaviva era una piccola stazione stradale romana sulla via Flaminia a nord di Roma. Ricognizione intrapreso nel 1967–8 rivelò che in epoca repubblicana ed alto imperiale l'insediamento si addensava intorno ad un importante nodo stradale; nella parte bassa, a sud, fu identificato un altro complesso, con un notevole mausoleo alto imperiale che conteneva un'iscrizione. Nel periodo tardo-romano quest’area divenne il centro dell'insediamento principale, che può essere associato ad una diocesi di cui è nota l'esistenza nel periodo che va dal 465 al 502 d.C, ma non susseguentemente.
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Domadia, Utsav, and Dhaval Barot. "Traffic and Parking Study of Station Road, Valsad." Journal of Transport & Health 14 (September 2019): 100774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.100774.
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Pezanko, Peter, and Kevin Tighe. "Hit the Road With Bulk Water Hauling Station." Opflow 23, no. 6 (1997): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.1997.tb02053.x.
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Fülöp, Melinda Timea, Miklós Gubán, György Kovács, and Mihály Avornicului. "Economic Development Based on a Mathematical Model: An Optimal Solution Method for the Fuel Supply of International Road Transport Activity." Energies 14, no. 10 (2021): 2963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102963.
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Due to globalization and increased market competition, forwarding companies must focus on the optimization of their international transport activities and on cost reduction. The minimization of the amount and cost of fuel results in increased competition and profitability of the companies as well as the reduction of environmental damage. Nowadays, these aspects are particularly important. This research aims to develop a new optimization method for road freight transport costs in order to reduce the fuel costs and determine optimal fueling stations and to calculate the optimal quantity of fuel to refill. The mathematical method developed in this research has two phases. In the first phase the optimal, most cost-effective fuel station is determined based on the potential fuel stations. The specific fuel prices differ per fuel station, and the stations are located at different distances from the main transport way. The method developed in this study supports drivers’ decision-making regarding whether to refuel at a farther but cheaper fuel station or at a nearer but more expensive fuel station based on the more economical choice. Thereafter, it is necessary to determine the optimal fuel volume, i.e., the exact volume required including a safe amount to cover stochastic incidents (e.g., road closures). This aspect of the optimization method supports drivers’ optimal decision-making regarding optimal fuel stations and how much fuel to obtain in order to reduce the fuel cost. Therefore, the application of this new method instead of the recently applied ad-hoc individual decision-making of the drivers results in significant fuel cost savings. A case study confirmed the efficiency of the proposed method.
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Wang, Jian Jun, Xin Ting Huang, and Ning Zhao. "Study of Setting of Bus Bay Stop Based on VISSIM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 906–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.906.
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Setting state of bus stop affects the efficiency of the entire road system. Through discussing bus bay stop’s width, length and distance to intersection, a microscopic simulation was conducted in this paper. With a certain bus frequency, the total delay time of vehicles was analyzed under different road traffic in different forms of Da Yanta Bus Station in Xi’an. The results show that setting bus bay stops on the secondary roads which have large traffic flow can significantly reduce delay time, and can provide references for urban road design.
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Kuehnle, Andreas, and Wilco Burghout. "Winter Road Condition Recognition Using Video Image Classification." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1627, no. 1 (1998): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1627-05.
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Sweden spends 1.7 billion Crowns on winter road maintenance annually. A large part of this money goes into plowing, salting, and sanding of the roads. The decision about what maintenance to perform is made, in part, based on data received from road weather information stations, some of which are also equipped with video cameras. These video cameras form an additional unexploited sensor for determining the road condition during winter. Images taken from a handheld roadside video camera are investigated here to see if it is possible to determine the road state (dry, wet, snowy, icy, snowy with tracks) from the video images alone. The system is intended to supplement the other weather station measurements, such as temperature and wind speed, and make better maintenance decisions and quality control of maintenance possible. The results indicate that it is possible to distinguish between all road states except for ice/wet and ice/tracks. Typical class separations are a Mahanalobis distance between 0 and 2. Neural networks with three or four input features, three to five hidden neurons, and a sigmoid-sigmoid-linear architecture are used to classify the road state. Rates of correct classification are typically 40 to 50 percent with these networks. There are useful feature combinations, including purely monochrome features, which do not depend on the network architecture.
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Vasilovskaya, Galina V., Maria L. Berseneva, Alexandra A. Yakshina, Vadim V. Servatinsky, and Igor Ya Bogdanov. "Road Concrete Containing Coal Ashes of Thermal Power Stations Located in Krasnoyarsk." Key Engineering Materials 839 (April 2020): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.839.160.
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The paper reports on outcomes of research into a road concrete containing coal ash powders of thermal power stations located in Krasnoyarsk. The study was focused on characteristics of a fly ash, and ash taken in an ash-disposal area of Krasnoyarsk Thermal Power Station 1, as well as ash of Beryozovskaya GRES. To compare characteristics a standard limestone powder was used. Physical and mechanical characteristics, chemical and mineral composition of these powders were analyzed. Mineral powders differed in a concentration of free calcium oxide (СаОfr.). Samples of a fine-grained road concrete were composed and prepared using materials above. Physical and mechanical properties of formed road concrete samples were tested. A coefficient K was introduced to assess the relation between key characteristics of a road concrete mix and concentration of free calcium oxide, furthermore, it considers a percentage of СаОfr. in ash (m) and percentage of this ash in a road concrete (n), i.e. К= m·n. It has been established a coefficient К ranging 0 to 32 СаОfr. has no significant effect on characteristics of a road concrete mix. A fly ash and ash taken in an ash-disposal area of Krasnoyarsk thermal power station 1 are recommended for the use in industry as a mineral powder in a road concrete mix. Additionally, ash taken in an ash-disposal area is to be dried and grinded, a maximal content of a fly ash in a road concrete mix is estimated to be 4% provided that a concentration of СаОfr. is less than 8%.
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Wang, Yan Hui, Jun Jin, Ling Xi Zhu, Yong Qin, and Ping Li. "Safety Statistical Analysis Based on Urban Rail Transit Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 4167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.4167.
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Aiming at the characteristics of the safety of urban rail transit system operation, this paper adopts the comprehensive analysis and statistical chart included by the statistical analysis to process the data, which is based on the relevant data in accordance with Beijing Rail Traffic Control Center Statistics in 2012 and indicators of the station, line and road network, in addition, the trend and the indicator between horizontal and longitudinal contrast are also analyzed about stations, lines and the road network . The results can conclude the potential security risks information, such as, the maximum early peak average daily transfer of Xizhimen station, the maximum passenger traffic of Line1 ,the maximum passenger traffic of the road network up to July and August, and the largest proportion of signal failure. Finally, the laws can be find out, and the specific prevention measures can be put forward for the management, which has a certain significance for the reduction of accidents, and can give some theoretical guidance to urban rail transit operations managers.
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Xu, Liang Jie, Guan Yun Wang, Qi Yuan Liu, and Wei Zhao. "Evaluation of Subway Station Information Using KANO Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 2081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2081.
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In order to acknowledge passenger’s satisfaction degree of subway station information and improve subway station service level. This paper analyzes passenger’s information requirement in subway station, using KANO model to evaluate subway station information. And at last show an example of Wuhan Zhongnan Road subway station, analyze passenger satisfaction degree in subway station.
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Podolskaia, Ekaterina, Dmitriy Ershov, and Konstantin Kovganko. "GIS-analysis of ground transport accessibility of fire stations at regional scale." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-301-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Geospatial approaches are widely used to organize access and to manage the extinguishing of forest fires globally. Term “transport accessibility” is used in a variety of geographical and economic researches. Assessment of transport accessibility is directly related to the feasibility study to locate the fire stations in a particular region. Location analysis of objects relative to other objects, while taking into account various quantitative and qualitative parameters, is a classical problem solved by geoinformation systems.</p><p>Present research work is aimed to be used to improve the situation with forest fires in Russia where one of the main asset of operational regional firefighting in the forests is a fire-and-chemical (fire) station. Traditionally station placement is under the responsibility of Russian region to which stations are administratively subordinate. The location of fire station is determined taking into account the species structure of forests, natural fire danger, road infrastructure and some other factors. Irkutsk region, one of the territories with the constant perennial fire danger in the forests, was chosen as a test area.</p><p>Using this area as a typical example of regional extent, an analysis of fire stations placement then planning the ground movement of fire brigades from a station to the forest fire locations has been carried out. Previously obtained results to create the shortest routes within three-hour accessibility for the fire hazardous seasons 2002&amp;ndash;2017 are used. Russian regulatory documents of the forest industry are applied. Thus, topic of GIS analysis serves as a continuation of the study (http://cepl.rssi.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Podolskaya-E.S.-et.-al..pdf, in Russian) and various aspects of transportation problem are considered on the example of Irkutsk region.</p><p>We used the following input data: point layer of fire stations, road network (including roads of different classes and forest glades), and archive of forest fires detected using the spectroradiometer MODIS from the Aqua and Terra spacecraft. Additional data were collected from the open regional Internet sources. GIS analysis used ArcGIS ArcMap Desktop extensions such as Network Analyst, Spatial Analyst, and ArcGIS tools like ET GeoWizards (https://www.ian-ko.com/).</p><p>We have developed and have used a <i>forest fire transport model of ground access</i> by trucks for the Irkutsk region with the spatial arrangement of fire stations, two protection zones and road network. Speed of the forest fire trucks is classified into 5 groups, taking into account the official permissions and road class. Also every segment of road has its attributive data of speed “adjusted” by the elevation value of the ETopo2, an open-access model (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/etopo2.html). Taking into consideration these relief data allows to decrease the vehicle’s speed in the mountainous conditions.</p><p>Based on the regional specifics and available data for a fire hazardous season, the following set of evaluation parameters was proposed, namely:</p><ul><li>Road network: roads existence, length, density, and configuration;</li><li>Spatial distribution of detected forest fires;</li><li>Territory of fire stations servicing.</li></ul><p>All the listed parameters are interconnected to each other and, in combination, jointly impact the stations ground transport accessibility assessment at the regional level. We have used GIS-analysis methods such as buffering, allocation, and density, as well as geographic and directional distribution. Time frame of analysis is the full fire hazardous season. Undertaken analysis for the forest fires detected within the ground protection zone (archive of 2002&amp;ndash;2017) has shown that the fire stations’ distribution was appropriate. The analysis was based on the assumption that stations had the same weight, geographical and transport location of the stations was reviewed in conjunction to the thematical forestry recommendations. To go further in the GIS analysis some characteristics (work force and technical resources) of the weighted stations could be added.</p><p>Additional factors of influence can be the location of protected areas with their specific access regime, seasonality of road use, forest fire zoning, forestry boundaries, economic criteria, placement of fire stations in the populated area, etc. It is advisable to conduct a fire stations placement analysis as a preparation event before and after the end of the fire-hazardous season to summarize the effectiveness of actions to extinguish forest fires in the region. Practical results of the study can be used as well to prepare the regional forestry development programs and plans.</p>
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Zetha Rahman, Herawati, Azaria Andreas, Dian Perwitasari, and Jade Sjafrecia Petroceany. "Developing a typology for social infrastructure (Case study: Road side station infrastructure)." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927602020.
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At this time, the concept of Social Infrastructure has been studied in Indonesia. One of many types of this kind of infrastructure is called Roadside Station, adopted from Japanese Michinoeki. A roadside station is a place located at the side of the national road in a backbone of Strategic Development Area. This place organizes service functions to road users, economic empowerment of the local community, and part of incubation service for its surrounding area. The concept of the roadside station that will be applied is developing a place for resting around the national road. There will be many public facilities in this roadside station such as a parking place, toilet, restaurant, and retail market. Ideally, this public facilities will be managed by the local community. This research is aim to develop roadside station typologies based on predefined criteria. The first things to do is doing benchmark analysis related to management concept plan for the roadside station. The benchmark is from management concept for the rest area’s highway. The next thing, for each typology, will be defined as the most suitable financial scheme, even it comes from the government fund or from the public-private partnership (PPP). In the end, the research results in determining 3 types of typology for developing roadside station and 3 criteria such as traffic volumes daily, type of zoning according to the location of a roadside station, and type of strategic development area according to the location of the roadside station.
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Leng, Yan, Qing Li, Yan Jiao Liang, Nai Hui Zhou, and Chun Ge Kou. "Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis: Beijing South Railway Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.876.
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Beijing South Railway Station is an integrated system, the evaluation of which should involve not only the inner transfer condition, but also the connection in the road network. To make a more comprehensive and scientific evaluation of the station, we select various criteria, including not only the static indicators, but also the dynamic indicators. Then we build a three-level hierarchy index structure to evaluate the performance of the inner and outside performance of Beijing South Railway Station. For the inner part, we apply Extension Theory to for evaluation. Then we use VISSIM to simulate the condition of the station in the road network.
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Hilker, Nathan, Jonathan M. Wang, Cheol-Heon Jeong, et al. "Traffic-related air pollution near roadways: discerning local impacts from background." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 10 (2019): 5247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5247-2019.
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Abstract. Adverse health outcomes related to exposure to air pollution have gained much attention in recent years, with a particular emphasis on traffic-related pollutants near roadways, where concentrations tend to be most severe. As such, many projects around the world are being initiated to routinely monitor pollution near major roads. Understanding the extent to which local on-road traffic directly affects these measurements, however, is a challenging problem, and a more thorough comprehension of it is necessary to properly assess its impact on near-road air quality. In this study, a set of commonly measured air pollutants (black carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; fine particulate matter, PM2.5; nitrogen oxides; ozone; and ultrafine particle concentrations) were monitored continuously between 1 June 2015 and 31 March 2017 at six stations in Canada: two near-road and two urban background stations in Toronto, Ontario, and one near-road and one urban background station in Vancouver, British Columbia. Three methods of differentiating between local and background concentrations at near-road locations were tested: (1) differences in average pollutant concentrations between near-road and urban background station pairs, (2) differences in downwind and upwind pollutant averages, and (3) interpolation of rolling minima to infer background concentrations. The last two methods use near-road data only, and were compared with method 1, where an explicit difference was measured, to assess accuracy and robustness. It was found that method 2 produced average local concentrations that were biased high by a factor of between 1.4 and 1.7 when compared with method 1 and was not universally feasible, whereas method 3 produced concentrations that were in good agreement with method 1 for all pollutants except ozone and PM2.5, which are generally secondary and regional in nature. The results of this comparison are intended to aid researchers in the analysis of data procured in future near-road monitoring studies. Lastly, upon determining these local pollutant concentrations as a function of time, their variability with respect to wind speed (WS) and wind direction (WD) was assessed relative to the mean values measured at the specific sites. This normalization allowed generalization across the pollutants and made the values from different sites more comparable. With the exception of ozone and PM2.5, local pollutant concentrations at these near-road locations were enhanced by a factor of 2 relative to their mean in the case of stagnant winds and were shown to be proportional to WS−0.6. Downwind conditions enhanced local concentrations by a factor of ∼2 relative to their mean, while upwind conditions suppressed them by a factor of ∼4. Site-specific factors such as distance from roadway and local meteorology should be taken into consideration when generalizing these factors. The methods used to determine these local concentrations, however, have been shown to be applicable across pollutants and different near-road monitoring environments.
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Lin, J. H., and T. C. Chou. "A Geo-Aware and VRP-Based Public Bicycle Redistribution System." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2012 (December 27, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/963427.
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Public Bicycle System (PBS) has been developed for short-distance transportation as a part of the mass transportation system. The supply and demand of bikes in PBS is usually unbalanced at different stations and needs to be continuously and widely monitored and redistributed. The bicycle redistribution is a part of the vehicle routing problem (VRP). We can apply solutions to the VRP to redistribute bicycle efficiently. However, most solutions to the VRP use the Euclidean distance as the condition factor, which does not take road conditions, traffic regulations, and geographical factors into account, resulting in unnecessary waste of delivery time and human resources. In this work, we propose an actual path distance optimization method for the VRP to adapt the several additional constraints of road problems. We also implement a system that integrates real-time station information, Web GIS, the urban road network, and heuristics algorithms for PBS. The system includes a simulator inside that can assist PBS managers to do the route planning efficiently and find the best scheduling strategy to achieve hotspot analysis and the adjustment of station deployment strategies to reduce PBS operation cost.
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McCallum, Adrian B. "Passive Road over Perennial Ice at Casey Station, Antarctica." Journal of Cold Regions Engineering 28, no. 1 (2014): 04013002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cr.1943-5495.0000061.
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Cheuvront, Samuel N., and Kurt J. Sollanek. "Considerations for Standardizing Fluid Station Practices Among Road Races." Strength & Conditioning Journal 42, no. 1 (2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000482.
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Yang, Ya Li, Hao Chen, and Ruo Ping Zhang. "Evaluation Model of Public Transportation Hub Based on Yishan Road Station, Shanghai, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1209.
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With the development of rail transit, interchange efficiency is more and more important. This paper conducted model based research on interchange evaluation based on Yishan Road station in Shanghai, China. Interchange evaluation model was established by combing Fuzzy Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process. Calculation result showed that established model can be used to evaluate the interchange performance of Yishan Road station. The implementation of this model is demonstrated its usage on interchange efficiency evaluation. Further study should be conducted to optimize the interchange arrangement in Yishan Road, to improve interchange efficiency.
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Zarrinpanjeh, N., F. Dadrass Javan, A. Naji, H. Azadi, P. De Maeyer, and F. Witlox. "OPTIMUM PATH DETERMINATION TO FACILITATE FIRE STATION RESCUE MISSIONS USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS (CASE STUDY: CITY OF KARAJ)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 1285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1285-2020.
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Abstract. The successful conduct of a rescue mission in urban areas is directly related to the timely deployment of equipment and personnel to the incident location which justifies the quest for optimum path selection for emergency purposes. In this study, it is attempted to use Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to find the optimum paths between fire stations and incident locations. It is also attempted to build up an evaluation tool using ACO to detect critical road segments that the overall accessibility to fire station services throughout the urban area is constituted upon their excellent functionality. Therefore, an ACO solution is designed to find optimum paths between the fire station and some randomly distributed incident locations. Regarding different variants of ACO, the algorithm enjoys the Simple Ant Colony Optimization deployment strategy combined with Ant Algorithm Transition rules. Iteration best pheromone updating is also used as the pheromone reinforcement strategy. The cost function used to optimize the path considers the shortest Euclidean distance on the network. The results explicitly state that the proposed method is successful to create the optimum path in 95.45 percent of all times, compared to Dijkstra deterministic approaches. Moreover, the pheromone map as an indicator of the criticality of road elements is generated and discussed. Visual inspection shows that the pheromone map is verified as the road criticality map concerning fire station access to the region and therefore pre-emptive measures can be defined by analyzing the generated pheromone map.
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Wang, Zijia, Lei Cheng, Yongxing Li, and Zhiqiang Li. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Bike-Sharing Usage around Rail Transit Stations: Evidence from Beijing, China." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (2020): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041299.
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As an emerging mode of transport, bike-sharing is being quickly accepted by Chinese residents due to its convenience and environmental friendliness. As hotspots for bike-sharing, railway-station service areas attract thousands of bikes during peak hours, which can block roads and pedestrian walkways. Of the many works devoted to the connection between bikes and rail, few have addressed the spatial‒temporal pattern of bike-sharing accumulating around station service areas. In this work, we investigate the distribution patterns of bike-sharing in station service areas, which are influenced not only by railway-station ridership but also by the built environment around the station, illustrating obvious spatial heterogeneity. To this end, we established a geographic weighted regression (GWR) model to capture this feature considering the variables of passenger flow and the built environment. Using the data from bike-sharing in Beijing, China, we applied the GWR model to carry out a spatiotemporal characteristic analysis of the relationship between bike-sharing usage in railway-station service areas and its determinants, including the passenger flow in stations, land use, bus lines, and road-network characteristics. The influence of these factors on bike-sharing usage is quite different in time and space. For instance, bus lines are a competing mode of transport with bike-sharing in suburban areas but not in city centers, whereas industrial and residential areas could also heavily affect the bike-sharing demand as well as railway-station ridership. The results of this work can help facilitate the dynamic allocation of bike-sharing and increase the efficiency of this emerging mode of transport.
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Guo, Erbao, Henggen Shen, Lei He, and Jiawen Zhang. "Investigation of air pollution of Shanghai subway stations in ventilation seasons in terms of PM2.5 and PM10." Toxicology and Industrial Health 33, no. 7 (2017): 588–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233717693547.
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In November 2015, the PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter (PM) levels in platforms, station halls, and rail areas of the Shangcheng and Jiashan Road Station were monitored to investigate air pollution in the Shanghai subway system. The results revealed that in subway stations, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were significantly higher than those in outdoor environments. In addition, particle concentrations in the platforms exceeded maximum levels that domestic safety standards allowed. Particularly on clear days, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in platforms were significantly higher than maximum standards levels. Owing to the piston effect, consistent time-varying trends were exhibited by PM2.5 concentrations in platforms, station halls, and rail areas. Platform particle concentrations were higher than the amount in station halls, and they were higher on clear days than on rainy days. The time-varying trends of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in platforms and station halls were similar to each other. Activities within the station led to most of the inhalable particles within the station area. The mass concentration ratios of PM2.5 and PM10 in platforms were within 0.65–0.93, and fine particles were the dominant components.
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Lewicki, Marcin, and Tomasz Zawadzki. "On the road: customer motivation and non-petrol purchases of petrol station customers in Poland." Studia Periegetica 31, no. 3 (2020): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5964.
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The fact that a lot of people in Poland travel by car creates a lot of different business opportunities for the retail sector. Petrol stations are among various entities that attempt to take advantage of this situation. The main purpose of this article is to identify and assess the behaviour of petrol station customers in Poland regarding their motivations for choosing particular facilities and their non-fuel purchases.The study is based on results of a CAWI survey of 603 customers. To make sure that sample was representative, its composition was controlled in terms of the following respondent variables: sex, age, size of the town of residence and province. Consumer behaviour can be affected by a number of factors but only some of them could be addressed in the study, which can be regarded as one of its biggest limitations. Nevertheless, the results provide an interesting insight on this topic. The main contributions of the study include the creation of a typology of petrol stations, identification and assessment of consumer motives for selecting a given facility and information about non-fuel purchases made by customers. The most frequent motives for selecting a given petrol station include convenient location, brand, and the price of petrol and other products. In addition to fuel, customers usually stop to buy coffee and fast food, alcoholic beverages and basic groceries. The authors discuss statistically significant differences between different types of petrol stations in the above mentioned respects. The results of the survey can be of interest to owners of petrol stations as guidance on how to adjust their marketing strategies, especially in terms of the composition of their offering.
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Brown, Alan S. "Fuel Cells Down the Road?" Mechanical Engineering 129, no. 10 (2007): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2007-oct-3.
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This article focuses on the fact that some developers say the best economic case for fuel cell mobility applications, may be found in the warehouse before cars and buses can make their mark. The automobile has become the poster child of the fuel cell revolution, but the exchange at Hanover Fair in Germany underscores the rocky road to commercialization. Until there are service stations where a driver can pull in and buy hydrogen, the personal automobile is irrelevant. Municipal buses avoid that problem. They circulate within driving distance of a central fueling station. It could contain hydrogen as well as any other fuel. Fuel cells pose a more easily solved problem. Although they take up as much space as lead-acid batteries, they weigh much less. The cell packs are so light that a truck can tip over when lifting heavy loads. Developers are still testing technology and economics. This can take place only in the real world, where people make decisions based on returns on their investments. Because forklifts make the best economic case for any fuel cell mobility application, they are likely to provide answers that may lead to the fuel cell cars and buses of the future.
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Biswas, Simita, Mingjian Wu, Stephanie J. Melles, and Tae J. Kwon. "Use of Topography, Weather Zones, and Semivariogram Parameters to Optimize Road Weather Information System Station Density across Large Spatial Scales." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (2019): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119846467.
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A road weather information system (RWIS) is a combination of advanced technologies which collect, process, and disseminate road weather and condition information. This information is used by road maintenance authorities to make operative decisions that improve safety and mobility during inclement weather events. Many North American transportation agencies have invested millions of dollars to deploy RWIS stations to improve the monitoring coverage of winter road surface conditions. The design of these networks often varies by region, however, and it is not entirely clear how many stations are necessary to provide adequate monitoring coverage under different conditions; substantial gaps remain in knowledge about optimal design. To fill these gaps, an investigation was conducted to determine how optimized RWIS station densities relate to topographic and weather characteristics. A series of geostatistical semivariogram models were constructed and compared using topographic position index (TPI) and weather severity index (WSI) to measure relative topographic variation and weather severity, respectively. The geostatistical approach was then applied to map the optimum number of RWIS stations across several topographic and weather zones. The study area captured varying environmental characteristics, including regions with flat or varied terrain and warm or cold regions. This study suggests that RWIS data collected from a specific region can be used to estimate the number of stations required for regions with similar zonal characteristics. The outcome of this study can be used as a decision-making tool for RWIS network expansion, thus maximizing monitoring capability of RWIS networks using topographic and weather-related zonal classifications.
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Camara, Marcus Vinicius Oliveira, and Glaydston Mattos Ribeiro. "The support unit location problem to road traffic surveys with multi-stages." RAIRO - Operations Research 53, no. 4 (2019): 1109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2017084.
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Large countries with extensive road networks, such as Brazil, require large volumes of financial resources to perform traffic surveys. In Brazil, the biggest road traffic survey was performed in 2011 with 120 counting survey stations. This survey was divided into three stages and 83 support units provided survey teams. A support unit is a place, such as a military organization, close to the survey stations. A stage indicates that only some survey stations must be considered at a time. In large scale traffic surveys with multi-stages, we must define which support unit will serve each survey station so that travel costs for the survey teams and the costs to use the support units are minimized. We present the Support Unit Location Problem to Assist Road Traffic Survey with Multi-Stages where, given a set of available support units, each one with a coverage area, and a set of multi-stage traffic survey stations, we must select units to serve stations so that the cost is minimized. Scenarios are evaluated for a real traffic survey with 300 counting stations and four stages in Brazil. Computational experiments show that large cost reductions can be found when a mathematical model is used.
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Chen, Dawei, Shun Zhou, Yuanchang Xie, and Xuhong Li. "Optimal Facility Location Model Based on Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Siting Urban Refueling Stations." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/981370.
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This paper analyzes the impact factors and principles of siting urban refueling stations and proposes a three-stage method. The main objective of the method is to minimize refueling vehicles’ detour time. The first stage aims at identifying the most frequently traveled road segments for siting refueling stations. The second stage focuses on adding additional refueling stations to serve vehicles whose demands are not directly satisfied by the refueling stations identified in the first stage. The last stage further adjusts and optimizes the refueling station plan generated by the first two stages. A genetic simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem in the second stage and the results are compared to those from the genetic algorithm. A case study is also conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and algorithm. The results indicate the proposed method can provide practical and effective solutions that help planners and government agencies make informed refueling station location decisions.