Relevant bibliographies by topics / Road pavements

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Road pavements'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Road pavements"

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Radziszewski, Piotr, Karol Kowalski, Michał Sarnowski, and Piotr Pokorski. "Environmentally friendly material and technological solutions of road pavements." Budownictwo i Architektura 13, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1948.

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In recent years road construction is a subject of dynamic changes. The main challenge for designers and technologists is to develop durable and environmental friendly road technologies that can be successfully applied on natural valuable areas. The paper presents selected modern material and technological solutions used for road pavements on areas under special protection (eg Natura 2000). An example of modern environmentally friendly solutions in road construction are: asphalt pavements with the addition of rubber from used car tires, asphalt mixtures with reduced emissions of volatile substances, “quiet” pavements, pavements from recycled materials and from local materials, “biologically active” pavements (permeable mineral layers). Modern and ecological pavements are the important part of science activity of Warsaw University of Technology. New ongoing project is designed to identify the main directions of technological development of road construction in the next 30 years, with a particular emphasis on the sustainable development and environmental protection. As a part of the two ongoing projects, test sections of pavement have been completed. One of test sections with the addition of crumb rubber and the second one as a “quiet” pavement. For the next years, the sections will be monitored.The proper selection of materials and technologies on natural valuable areas does not deteriorate the durability of road pavement, comfort and safety on the roads and at the same time it can improve environmental safety without interfering with the functioning of valuable ecosystems.
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Tereshchenko, Tatiana, and Serhii Illiash. "EXPERIENCE ON DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD PAVEMENTS USING THE CLAUSES OF EUROPEAN STANDARDS ON HYDRAULICALLY BOUND MATERIALS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 3 (259) ’ 2019 (October 17, 2019): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-3-259-42-50.

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Hydraulically bound mixtures (HBM) are most effectively applied in the base layers of flexible road pavements to enhance their load bearing capacity and also in the base layers of rigid road pavements in the case of weak soils of the sub-grade. The evaluation of Ukrainian standards which are identical to European standards relating HBM leads to the point of subsequent implementation of new requirements trough design and construction of motor roads in Ukraine. The by European standards stated requirements and classification of HBM provide a modelling regime closer to the performance of bound pavement layer and give the wider range of HBM designations with different strength properties. Thus, this article reviews such aspects of design and construction of road pavements with HBM layers which are distinguished from the conception approved now in Ukraine. The reviewed clauses on design and construction concern road pavements which, in accordance with the European practice, are classified as flexible pavements or semi-rigid pavements and are comprised of flexible (bitumen-bound) upper layers laid on a HBM base. The reviewed types of road pavement constructions are most eligible to emphasize the possibilities of implementation of new standard requirements in the Ukrainian road building industry. As it was concluded, the European standards state classification of HBM by compressive strength RC and classification by tensile strength in combination with elastic modulus Rt, E. These methods of classification are equivalent with no correlation intended between them and have been successfully used during design and construction of road pavement constructions comprised of bitumen-bound layers laid on a HBM base. When designing the motor roads with the above mentioned pavement construction to be loaded with high traffic, HBM of strength classes RС from С8/10 to С9/12 shall be contributed where classes of strength are determined by the type of a hydraulic binder and can be accorded to the categories by ”Rt, E” values not less than T3 (from T3 to T5). Keywords: hydraulically bound mixtures, classification by values of mechanical properties, compressive strength, base layers from hydraulically bound mixtures.
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Čygas, Donatas, and Daiva Žilionienė. "DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR LITHUANIAN GRAVEL ROAD PAVEMENTS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2002): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2002.10531266.

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This article deals with the design problems of gravel road pavements. Mathematical models related to geological and hydrological conditions of a location, thickness of gravel pavement and characteristics of the gravel contained in this pavement are proposed to be used for pavements. For the selection of gravel pavements for reconstruction we recommend the models developed by the method of experimental planning to calculate the equivalent deformation modulus of the gravel pavements change depending on the deformation modulus of the subgrade, thickness of the gravel pavement and the materials used for its layers. Practical applications of these models will eliminate the mistakes that are still found in road pavement design.
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Tabatabaei, Seyed Abbas, and Ali Rahman. "The Effect of Utilization of Geogrids on Reducing the Required Thickness of Unpaved Roads." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.937.

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The inadequacy of many existing roads due to rapid growth in traffic volume provides a motivation for exploring alternatives to existing methods of constructing and rehabilitating roads. The use of geosynthetics to stabilize and reinforce paved and unpaved roadways offers one such alternative. Many studies were conducted to evaluate the improvements associated with geogrid reinforcement of pavements. It is widely believed that geogrid reinforcement of roadways can extend the pavements service life and/or reduce the pavements structural thickness. This paper examines a method to compare traditional pavement structure designs, absent of geosynthetics, to pavement structure designs incorporating geosynthetics. At first, a specific unpaved road structure design is presented with recommended corresponding traditional road structure components. The road structure is then re-examined incorporating newly developed, reengineered geogrid. Finally, related costs with this particular design are outlined, analyzed and compared. In this case, cost savings achieved by using geogrid are substantial.
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Siverio Lima, Mayara S., Mohsen Hajibabaei, Sina Hesarkazzazi, Robert Sitzenfrei, Alexander Buttgereit, Cesar Queiroz, Viktors Haritonovs, and Florian Gschösser. "Determining the Environmental Potentials of Urban Pavements by Applying the Cradle-to-Cradle LCA Approach for a Road Network of a Midscale German City." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 12487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212487.

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This study used a cradle-to-cradle Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to evaluate the environmental potentials of urban pavements. For this purpose, the urban road network of the City of Münster (Germany) was selected as the case study, and comprehensive data for several phases were collected. The entire road network is composed of flexible pavements designed according to specific traffic loads and consists of main roads (MRs), main access roads (MARs), and residential roads (RSDTs). Asphalt materials, pavement structures, and maintenance strategies are predefined for each type of road and are referred to as “traditional” herein. Some pavement structures have two possible maintenance strategies, denoted by “A” and “B”, with distinguished periods of intervention. To evaluate the impact of using recycled materials, we considered alternative pavement structures composed of asphalt materials containing a greater amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The study was carried out considering analysis periods of 20, 50, 80, and 100 years and using two indicators: non-renewable cumulative energy demand (nr-CED) and global warming potential (GWP). The results show that the use of higher amounts of RAP can mitigate negative environmental impacts and that certain structures and maintenance strategies potentially enhance the environmental performance of road pavements. This article suggests initiatives that will facilitate the decision-making process of city administrators to achieve more sustainable road pavement constructions and provides an essential dataset inventory to support future environmental assessment studies, particularly for European cities.
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Fiebig, Andre, and Christoph Jakobs. "Psychoacoustic properties of tire-road noise and the relation to noise annoyance." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 5459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0803.

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Rolling noise as the interaction between tire and road contributes strongly to the total road noise in particular as engines become quieter due to more strict noise regulations and the emergence of electric motors. Thus, road traffic noise can be effectively reduced by optimizing vehicle tires and the pavement. Over the last decades, different pavements were developed to reduce tire/road noise as for example a porous asphalt surface or stone mastic asphalt reduce significantly rolling noise over a period of about 10 years. In the past the noise reduction due to different pavement types and layers were validly determined, several measurement methods established and level reduction values incorporated in noise directives like the German guidelines for noise protection at roads. However, little attention was paid to assess the annoyance reduction effect of different pavements in detail. As the road tire noise is not only reduced in level but is also affected in spectrum, road traffic noise annoyance might not be accurately predicted by considering the level reduction only. In the following paper diverse road traffic noise measurements related to different pavements are analyzed from a psychoacoustic point of view and the resulting noise annoyance investigated.
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Vaitkus, Audrius, Judita Gražulytė, Rita Kleizienė, Viktoras Vorobjovas, and Ovidijus Šernas. "Concrete Modular Pavements – Types, Issues And Challenges." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 14, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 80–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2019-14.434.

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According to the European Asphalt Pavement Association, more than 90 per cent of the European road network is paved with asphalt. Constantly increasing traffic volume and climate change accelerate deterioration of current pavements. As a result, there arises a need to rehabilitate them prematurely. Repair and rehabilitation work lead to traffic congestion, which is one of the most significant concerns in highly trafficked roads and urban streets. Concrete modular pavements consisting of precast concrete slabs are a reasonable solution to deal with the road works since their construction, as well as repair, is time-saving. Repair works typically are implemented during a low traffic period (usually at night). A primary purpose of concrete modular pavements is heavily trafficked roads and other transport areas. This paper focuses on concrete modular pavements, their types, issues and challenges related to their design, slab fabrication and pavement construction. The conducted analysis revealed 15 different types of concrete modular pavements that differ from the techniques of slab joints and load transfer between the adjacent slabs. More than 20 issues and challenges related to the design of modular elements, slab fabrication and pavement construction were identified. Finally, the existing practice of concrete modular pavements was summarised and the gaps of scientific knowledge, as well as a need for comprehensive research, were defined.
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Lunkevičiūtė, Deimantė, Viktoras Vorobjovas, Pranciškus Vitta, and Donatas Čygas. "Research of the Luminance of Asphalt Pavements in Trafficked Areas." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 2826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032826.

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A key factor for safe and comfortable driving on roads are properly reflective and well visible pavement surfaces at night. The brightness of the road pavement surface depends on the amount of light falling on it and the reflection properties of the road pavement surface at any point. The luminance of the pavement depends on its physical condition, age and type of pavement, direction of illumination, and observation conditions. Different pavements can have different reflection characteristics that depend on the surface texture, materials, and binder (type and quantity). Experimental research was carried out on the carriageways and bicycle paths of Vilnius city streets, which differ in color and age. The analysis of the research results showed differences between the surface reflectance characteristics of these pavements depending on the color of the pavement, surface conditions, and age. The reflection properties of red asphalt pavements are better than black ones when the pavement surface is wet or moist. The reduced luminance coefficients of the carriageway (asphalt pavement installed in 2021) are about 12% lower than those of the carriageway pavement installed 10 years ago and about 60% lower for wet and moist pavements. The results obtained from the research are significant for street designers when choosing the type of pavement and designing street lighting.
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Collop, A. C., and D. Cebon. "Effects of ‘road friendly’ suspensions on long-term flexible pavement performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 211, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406971521827.

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This paper examines the effects of ‘road friendly’ heavy goods vehicle suspensions on long-term flexible pavement performance. A deterministic ‘whole-life pavement performance model’ (WLPPM) is used to calculate pavement damage due to realistic traffic and environmental loading. The traffic is modelled first as a fleet of steel-sprung heavy goods vehicles and second as a fleet of ‘road friendly’ air-suspended vehicles. The pavement life predictions are compared for the two cases and with results from a simple road damage analysis based on the ‘fourth power law’. It is concluded that changing to a fleet of ‘road friendly’ vehicles would not significantly affect the life or maintenance costs of thicker asphalt pavements (motorways and trunk roads) where the mode of failure is permanent deformation (rutting). However, the life of thinner pavements (minor roads) that fail by fatigue damage and pot-holing would be increased significantly if the vehicle fleet changed to road friendly suspensions. Predictions from the simplified fourth power law approach tend to significantly overestimate the benefits of road friendly suspensions for major road conditions compared to the WLPPM predictions. It is concluded that the potential economic benefits in England and Wales of converting to air suspensions may be only 30 per cent of those predicted by the authors of the EC ‘road friendly suspensions’ regulations.
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Ushakov, Viktor, Mikhail Goryachev, Sergey Lugov, Andrey Kudryavtcev, and Sergey Yarkin. "Development of typical flexible road pavement catalog for regional and intermunicipal highways in Russian Federation (using the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan)." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127402010.

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Road pavements in Russia are now working in difficult conditions of ever-growing vehicular traffic intensity. Current methodology for designing flexible road pavements has a number of serious shortcomings, where the best design experience and actual operating conditions of highways are not fully taken into account. In some cases, this leads to ineffective pavement structures design with a short service life. On many roads, rutting and premature wear of road surfaces appear already in the first years of their operation. Drainage systems are silted up in the first years of working. At the same time, geosynthetic materials are sometimes used unreasonably. The service life of roadway surfaces does not comply with the current regulations. In Russia, effective road-building materials are not yet fully used, local road-building materials and industrial waste reinforced with binders are little used. With exception of certain regions of the country, actual experience of operating various road structures with identification of the most optimal solutions is still poorly subject to consideration. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop designs of typical road pavements for various regions of Russia, which will ensure their efficient operation. To develop typical pavement designs, it is necessary to analyze existing ones in real conditions of their operation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Road pavements"

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Sultana, Masuda. "Assessment and Modelling Deterioration of Flood Affected Pavements." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367367.

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The efficiency of the road management system is increasingly challenged due to the frequent occurrences of extreme weather events, such as intense heavy rainfall, cyclones and flooding. The unpredictable events such as Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the USA (2005), extreme flooding in January 2011 in South-East Queensland, Cyclones Oswald (2013) and Marcia (2015) in Queensland had severe impacts upon the road infrastructure. These roads are now subject to a wider range of climatic conditions over their service life than was originally anticipated during their design. To date, no deterioration model can accurately predict the impact of floods on pavements. To understand the impact of January 2011 flood on the structural performance of flood affected pavements, Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) deflection data and surface condition data (rutting and roughness), on flood-affected roads managed by Brisbane City Council, Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR), Queensland and Roads and Maritime Services, New South Wales (RMS, NSW), Australia, were collected and examined.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Barriera, Maria. "Nanosensor technology for road pavements monitoring." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX092.

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Le réseau routier est l'un des atouts majeurs d'un pays. L'évaluation de l’état structurelle des infrastructures de transport routier et de leur évolution dans le temps est essentielle pour l'établissement de plans d'entretien rentables. À cet égard, l'instrumentation des chaussées permet une surveillance continue et à distance sans interruption de la circulation. Cependant, l'instrumentation reste un défi scientifique et technologique majeur en termes de résilience des dispositifs ainsi que de stratégies d'interprétation des données des capteurs. L'objectif global de cette thèse est de prouver la faisabilité du monitoring des routes par technologies de détection embarquées en démontrant l'exploitabilité des données de capteurs pour évaluer le vieillissement de la route et en fournissant une technologie à haute performance et faible intrusion. Nous proposons, via un essai accéléré à l'échelle 1, une validation des jauges de déformation pour la prédiction de l'endommagement par fatigue d'un revêtement routier. Ainsi, nous avons exploré l'utilisation de capteurs embarqués pour le calcul inverse des conditions mécaniques de la chaussée via l'instrumentation d'une route existante avec un réseau de jauges de déformation. La même section d'essai a servi d'environnement pour une première validation d'une nouvelle technologie de détection basée sur l'utilisation de capteurs de déformation flexibles à base de nanocarbone, testés plus tard dans la chaussée dans le cadre d'un essai accéléré. Nous avons ainsi démontré comment la nanotechnologie proposée pouvait répondre aux enjeux de l’instrumentation des chaussées en termes de géométrie, de compatibilité avec l'environnement routier, et de sensibilité
The road network is one of the major assets in our countries. The assessment of pavement conditions and their evolution with time is essential for the establishment of cost-effective maintenance plans. In this respect, pavement instrumentation allows remote and continuous monitoring with no traffic disruption. However it remains a major scientific and technological challenge in terms of devices resilience to the harsh road environment as well as of strategies for sensor data interpretation. The overall goal of this thesis is to prove the feasibility of embedded pavement monitoring by demonstrating the exploitability of embedded sensor data to assess road ageing, and by providing a high performance, low intrusiveness technology. We propose, via an accelerated pavement test, a validation of asphalt strain gauges as monitoring method for fatigue prediction in a road pavement. Thus, we further explored the use of embedded sensors for inverse calculation of pavement mechanical conditions via the instrumentation of an existing road with a network of asphalt strain gauges. The same trial section was the environment for a first validation of a novel sensing technology based on the use of nanocarbon-based flexible strain sensors, later tested under an accelerated pavement test. Thereby we demonstrated how the proposed nanotechnology can overcome some of the drawbacks of existing sensing devices in terms of geometry, compatibility with the road environment, and sensitivity
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Tangpithakkul, Rawee. "Study of permeability of pavement base matrials." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1184344573.

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Roper, Matthew Brent. "Evaluation of laboratory durability tests for stabilized aggregate base materials /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1846.pdf.

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Thom, Nicholas. "Design of road foundations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10281/.

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Research has been conducted into the fundamental mechanical properties of a granular material. This has involved the use of both a repeated load triaxial apparatus and a new hollow cylinder apparatus, which has required development and modification. Building on the foundation of earlier research at Nottingham, models have been developed which predict the stress-strain behaviour of a dry granular material under any combination of applied stresses. This includes repeatable elastic behaviour and the development of irrecoverable plastic strain. The accuracy of these models has been tested as far as possible using available test equipment. The effects of varying particle gradation, degree of compaction, maximum particle size and mineral type have been explored using a repeated load triaxial apparatus. The effect of moisture has also been investigated with respect to both full and partial saturation. A computer program (GRANMAT) has been written, which makes use of the stress-strain equations developed, to analyse a road pavement structure consisting of thin bituminous surfacing, granular base and subgrade. The reliability of the program has been assessed and areas of necessary improvement indicated. In-situ testing at a number of road sites is described and analysed with respect to both the effect of compaction on a granular road foundation and the use of a number of in-situ test devices. Finally, the information gained, in the laboratory and on site, is brought together in a series of design suggestions for granular road foundations, with particular reference to results from the GRANMAT computer program.
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Löfsjögård, Malin. "Functional properties of concrete roads : development of an optimisation model and studies on road lighting design and joint performance." Stockholm [Sweden] : Royal Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering, 2003. http://www.lib.kth.se/Sammanfattningar/lofsjogard031212.pdf.

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Vissamraju, Krishnasudha. "Measurement of absorption coefficient of road surfaces using impedance tube method." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/VISSAMRAJU_KRISHNASUDHA_59.pdf.

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Teague, Frederick Thomas. "Characterization of road materials and environmental conditions for the analysis and design of flexible pavements in Hong Kong." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21451473.

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Morian, Nathaniel E. "Effect of geotextile fabrics on reflective cracking of hot mix asphalt overlays in Washoe County, Nevada." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442863.

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Thrower, Edward Neal. "Permanent deformation of flexible road pavements by visco-elastic analysis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37877.

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Books on the topic "Road pavements"

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K, Cable James. Impact of pavement type on county road systems. Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 1996.

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Dr, Hunter Robert N., ed. Bituminous mixtures in road construction. London: Thomas Telford, 1994.

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1915-, Croney David, ed. The design and performance of road pavements. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.

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1947-, Croney Paul, ed. The design and performance of road pavements. 2nd ed. London: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1991.

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Atkins, Harold N. Highway materials, soils, and concretes. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1997.

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Dr, Hunter Robert N., ed. Asphalts in road construction. London: Thomas Telford, 2000.

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Pierce, Linda M. Hot in-place recycling: SR-97, West Wapato Road to Lateral A Road (SB). [Olympia]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1996.

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Meseberg, H. H. Überprüfung der Erkennbarkeit von Fahrbahnmarkierungen auf aufgehellten Deckschichten. Bergisch Gladbach: Bundesanstalt für Strassenwesen, 1985.

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Paul, Robinson. Pavement materials in road building: Guidelines for making better use of local materials. [Australia]: ARRB Transport Research, 1999.

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Jamieson, I. L. A review of the properties of penetration bitumens with particular reference to specifications. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Road pavements"

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Warren, Dene R. "Road Pavements." In Civil Engineering Construction Design and Management, 234–53. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13727-5_10.

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Tabaković, A., and E. Schlangen. "Self-healing Asphalt for Road Pavements." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 307–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48679-2_30.

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Gartung, T. "On Structural Analysis of Road Pavements." In DIANA Computational Mechanics ‘84, 117–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1046-4_11.

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Laloui, Lyesse, Robert Charlier, Cyrille Chazallon, Sigur±bur Erlingsson, Pierre Hornych, Primož Pavšič, and Mate Sršen. "Water Influence on Mechanical Behaviour of Pavements: Constitutive Modelling." In Water in Road Structures, 193–216. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8562-8_9.

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Lyapin, Alexander A., Ivan A. Parinov, Nina I. Buravchuk, Alexander V. Cherpakov, Ol’ga V. Shilyaeva, and Ol’ga V. Guryanova. "Physicochemical Fundamentals of Hardening the Burnt Rocks of Mine Dumps and Ash-slag Waste in Road Pavements." In Improving Road Pavement Characteristics, 113–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59230-1_6.

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Schmidt, B., S. Tetley, and J. Daleiden. "Intelligent pavement assessment vehicle for structural and functional evaluation of road pavements." In Eleventh International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, Volume 2, 242–50. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003222897-21.

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Gulisano, Federico, Thanyarat Buasiri, Andrzej Cwirzen, and Juan Gallego. "Monitoring Road Infrastructures with Self-sensing Asphalt Pavements." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 784–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07254-3_79.

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Maltinti, Francesca, Luca Curreli, Emanuela Quaquero, Giulia Rubiu, and Mauro Coni. "Applying Building Information Modeling to Road Pavements Management." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021, 145–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87016-4_11.

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Gomes, Luís Filipe, Cesar Analide, and Elisabete Freitas. "Distress Detection in Road Pavements Using Neural Networks." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 151–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86887-1_14.

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Little, Dallas N., David H. Allen, and Amit Bhasin. "Computational Methods for Road way Analysis and Design." In Modeling and Design of Flexible Pavements and Materials, 593–636. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58443-0_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Road pavements"

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Zagvozda, Martina, Matija Zvonarić, Marijana Cuculić, and Ivana Pranjić. "Waste rubber - sustainable pavements solution?" In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1138.

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Cement bound base courses increase pavement bearing capacity and resistance to detrimental effects of frost along with being a good base for surface courses. Due to its stiffness, cement bound base courses reduce vertical deflections and tensile stress in asphalt layers thus reducing fatigue and appearance of alligator cracks in asphalt. But, in order to generate required layer strength and stiffness of cement bound base, appropriate amount of cement is necessary. This in turn can cause shrinkage induced cracks which spread towards surface courses and cause accelerated deterioration of pavements. To prevent rapid deterioration of pavement surface layers and occurrence of reflective cracking, incorporation of recycled rubber from waste tire in mixtures for cement bound base courses is currently being considered. In this paper a short review of waste tire application and its behaviour in pavement structures will be shown. In addition, planned methodology and activities that are going to be conducted with in a research project are going to be discussed.
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Vaitkus, Audrius, Viktoras Vorobjovas, Donatas Čygas, Tadas Andriejauskas, and Faustina Tuminienė. "Surface Type and Age Effects on Tyre/Road Noise Levels." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.152.

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Road surface characteristics are the core influencing factors for tyre/road noise generation mechanisms. Depending on the pavement wearing layer mixture composition, type surfaces have different acoustical properties. Acoustical parameters and acoustical behavior change over the time because of the effects of traffic and environmental conditions. Usually low noise pavements can be characterized with very good acoustical parameters but at the same time good acoustical properties deteriorates over the time. Paper presents the research study of surface type and age effects on tyre/road noise levels. Number of different age and different surface type pavements (conventional AC and SMA pavements, low noise SMA TM, TMOA and PA) were evaluated and compared in terms of acoustical performance. Analysis of CPX noise level measurement results are presented in the paper followed with the conclusions and recommendations of low noise pavement application for severe climate regions.
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Souliman, Mena I., and Nitish R. Bastola. "Performance analysis of flexible pavements with base lime." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1057.

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The performance of the pavement is influenced by several factors, such as the pavement structure, materials, traffic, and climate conditions. These factors affect the pavement response, mainly the compressive strain developed at the top of each layer and the tensile strain developed at the bottom of the asphalt concrete layer, resulting in various forms of distresses, such as fatigue cracking. The materials used in the construction of these layers are equally important for the long-term performance of the pavements as well as its structural stability. Aggregates are the most used materials in the construction of base layers in a flexible pavement structure. Moreover, the aggregate used in the base layer provides foundation for the overlying layers and needs to have enough strength, but due to the scarcity of quality materials and the rising demand, base layers are often treated with different types of stabilizing agents. In this study, various mechanistic analyses are performed using the 3-D Move Analysis software to study the effects of lime as a stabilizing agent on fatigue resistance performance. These analyses showed that the use of lime as a stabilizing agent increased the pavement performance up to 48 % for fatigue cracking resistance when compared to untreated base layers. The cost-effectiveness analysis also showed that the use of stabilizing agents would reduce the long-term cost of pavement as compared to untreated bases. The overall cost efficiency of the lime treated base is found to be 1.68 times the untreated base.
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Oyediji, Remi, and Susan Tighe. "Impacts Of Flooding On Concrete Pavement." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/5se85bna.

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With shifting paradigms in usual climatic events and increased occurrence of flood hazards, vulnerability assessment and adaptation of road infrastructure is essential. Road pavements are critical in sustaining socio-economic activities and their vulnerability to flood hazards could have serious cost consequences. Therefore, a conscientious decision to consider pavement materials, designs and alternatives that are resilient to recurring flood events is desired. Based on previous investigations into how pavements types, classes and configuration respond to extreme events, concrete pavements are reported as better flood-resilient systems in countries that have experienced intense flooding and inundation. Although Canada has experienced some of the worst flood incidences in history and owns a number of concrete pavement infrastructure, no study has been conducted to better understand its performance under extreme conditions. To provide insight on concrete pavement flood response, the use of the state of the art AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design (PMED) program is employed to model various flood scenarios on concrete pavement types and configurations common to two Canadian provinces, Ontario and Manitoba. The performance of the various pavement classes in terms of flood resilience, service life and cost feasibility is analyzed and results provide insight on the resilience and adaptive capacity of rigid pavements to flood hazards in Canada.
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Moss, Justin, and Nicole Liang. "A Contemporary Comparison of Life Cycle Evaluations of Road Pavements in Australia-Asphaltic Concrete vs Portland Cement Concrete." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/qyk86wg1.

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Life cycle cost analyses (LCC/A) have not typically been used for pavement optioneering for nearly 30 years in Australia, nor are they generally required in detailed design. To date, asphalt pavements were assumed to have lower construction costs but acknowledged as requiring regular maintenance (every 5 to 10 years), whereas concrete is well known to require less maintenance (typically at intervals of 10 to 20 years). Concrete is therefore characterised as being lower cost only in terms of its life cycle and consequently overlooked where construction costs are the focus of pavement options evaluation. However, with significant recent changes in road construction materials and processes, preconceptions around life cycle costs of asphalt and concrete pavements around the world should be reviewed. This paper reports on the findings of a study conducted by Arcadis which compared the life cycle costs of highway low- noise high-speed pavements - plain concrete (PCP), full depth asphalt (FDA) and asphalt over heavily bound (ACH). The study compared LCC of these pavements across a range of project- specific scenarios (resource availability, site complexity and traffic constraints) in addition to the impact of adopting international discount rates. With a new generation of pavement renewal now commencing in Australia (45 years after the first), this work also examined the viability of prolonging the service life of pavements in relation to its impact on life cycle costs, closures and environmental impact. This paper ultimately concludes best value of the various pavement scenario combinations by ranking and comparing all pavements options, and makes recommendations for future life cycle assessments.
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Domitrović, Josipa, Luka Krišto, and Tatjana Rukavina. "Flexible pavement with SMA as an anti-fatigue layer." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1428.

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Asphalt Pavement Alliance has defined the perpetual pavement as ˝an asphalt pavement designed and built to last longer than 50 years without requiring major structural rehabilitation or reconstruction and needing only periodic surface renewal…˝. The perpetual pavement design approach assumes that one can design against certain types of failure or distress by choosing the right materials and layer thicknesses. This can be achieved by providing enough stiffness in the upper pavement layers to preclude rutting and enough total pavement thickness and flexibility in the lowest layer to avoid fatigue cracking from the bottom of the pavement structure. One way to reduce the bottom up fatigue cracking in pavement structure is to add an additional anti-fatigue layer to standard asphalt layers. This layer can be an extra layer that increases the total asphalt layers thickness, or it can be layer separated from the standard asphalt base layer by reducing its thickness. The presented research aimed to evaluate the suitability of application, Croatia traditionally used asphalt mixtures within the concept of perpetual pavements. Among traditional asphalt mixtures, the stone mastic asphalt was selected as a mixture for the anti-fatigue layer. The analysis was carried out for proposed perpetual pavements of different thicknesses and/or position of stone mastic asphalt anti-fatigue layer. Calculation of pavement layers stresses and strains was done in CIRCLY software, taking into account the seasonal variations in asphalt layers properties. The analyses have shown that the addition of stone mastic asphalt layer as an anti-fatigue layer can extend flexible pavement design life.
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Peyer, Martin, Lukas Eberhardsteiner, Kristina Bayraktarova, and Ronald Blab. "Development of a design catalog for bonded concrete overlays in the regional road network." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1373.

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This paper describes the development of a design catalog for the design of bonded concrete overlays (whitetopping) for existing asphalt roads in the regional road network of Austria. For the underlying calculations of stresses and strains due to traffic loads, different finite-element models with multiple layers were used. Thereby, a large variety of important input parameters were taken into account, such as the condition of the existing pavement, described by its residual bearing capacity. The influence of different climatic conditions over the course of a year to the material properties of the pavement-layers (Young’s moduli) and the bonding properties between the existing asphalt and the new concrete layer were also considered. The calculation of stresses due to temperatur loads (curling stresses) were estimated by using the revised Eisenmann’s model [1]. Based on the determined stresses in the concrete layer due to traffic and temperature loads, a new performance-based design method was used for the implementation of a proper failure criterion and the calculation of the technical service life of the modelled whitetopping pavements. In a further step, the required layer thicknesses of the concrete overlay were determined, depending on the length and the width of the concrete slabs as well as the residual bearing capacity and the remaining thickness of the existing asphalt layers. This allowed the development of different proposed designs for whitetopping-pavements, each with defined layer thicknesses, which were finally summarized into a design catalog. The development of this design catalog and the usage of the proposed pavements will enable a simple but realistic design of whitetopping-overlays on existing asphalt pavements.
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Strömberg, Larissa, Lev Khazanovich, and Staffan Hintze. "Enhancement of sustainable road design towards compatibility between pavement materials." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/jqo388gl.

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The need for correctly made comparisons of different pavement materials, regarding cost-efficiency to reduce the climate impact, is increasing, especially in connection with new types of climate-neutral materials, so that sub-optimizations and oblique competition do not arise. Both the Swedish and USA's authorities are beginning to demand the Environmental Product Declaration (EPDs) as a certificate of the pavements' environmental performances from the contractors. There are some methodological difficulties to use the EPDs for comparison of the environmental impacts between different asphalt mixes or between the asphalt- and concrete pavements. This paper has analyzed two new standards which propose to extend the declaration to several aspects of sustainability: technical, environmental and economic performance. In this article, we have investigated if these standards can be used to form a framework to create an extended sustainability declaration of road pavements allowed a multidisciplinary comparison of different materials based on technical performance, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA).
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Romero, Jose A., and Alejandro Lozano. "Modelling of Road Damage Potentials of Tandem C-Dolly." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34932.

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The paper deals with the pavement damage potential of long combination vehicles equipped with tandem C-dolly. Due to its double-hitch bar design, the tandem C-dolly enhances the lateral stability of the articulated vehicles; however, its single articulation could create significant levels of longitudinal load transfer between the coupled bodies and posing higher pavement damage. The pavement damage potentials of vehicles equipped with tandem C-dolly is compared with that of vehicles equipped with standard tandem A-dolly. For pavements with a roughness lower than 2 mm/m the effect of tandem design is only marginal. For pavements with roughness greater than 2 mm/m, results suggest an optimum speed (95 km/h) at which C-dolly is 1% less damaging than A-dolly. However, for the other two speeds evaluated (75 and 115 km/h), C-dolly is up to 12.1% less friendly than A-dolly. Such increases in road damaging potential are significant and an experimental study should be performed to validate results.
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Dai, L., and H. Lee. "Prediction of the Effects of Pavement Permeability on the Traffic Noise Generated by Tire and Road Surface Interactions." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66560.

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Porous pavement materials such as asphalt rubber concrete (ARC) have attracted attentions from the researchers and practitioners in road science in the recent years due to their durability and environmental advantages. The porous pavements also show advantages in traffic noise reduction. This research concentrates on an investigation of the effects of the permeability of porous and other pavement materials on the response of the noise generated by the interaction between tire and the pavement surface. Experimental tests are carried out in the field to acquire tire/road noise data for difference pavement materials with implementation of the Close-Proximity CPX method. Lab experiments are performed for examining the permeability of the pavement materials. Empirical relationship between the noise level and permeability of the pavement materials is established. Comparison for the responses of the pavement materials with different permeability is also presented. The research results provide guidance for optimal design of the microstructure of porous pavements to be used for reducing traffic noise.
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Reports on the topic "Road pavements"

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Gupta, Kanika, Sung Soo Park, Antonio Bobet, and Tommy Nantung. Improved Reliability of FWD Test Results and Correlations with Resilient Modulus. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317370.

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Resilient modulus (MR) is a key factor in the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) which was adopted by INDOT in January 2009. The resilient modulus can be determined in new pavement projects from subgrade soil samples collected at the site. However, for a pavement rehabilitation project, it becomes difficult to obtain soil information, and coring for samples may not be feasible because of traffic. The literature is rich with correlations between the MR of the subgrade obtained in the laboratory with that estimated from FWD tests in the field. However, the review conducted shows very contradictory and inconsistent findings, thus existing correlations seem to apply only to the cases investigated, i.e., they are ad hoc correlations and cannot be generalized. To improve the interpretation of the FWD data and enhance the reliability of the results in Indiana, FWD and GPR tests were performed at five different road construction projects at the same locations where soil samples were collected and tested in the laboratory for resilient modulus. The selected sites included roads with rigid pavement and treated subgrade and flexible pavement with untreated subgrade. The study showed that (1) FWD backcalculation is greatly affected by pavement thickness; (2) GPR can provide actual thicknesses and can identify discrepancies between as-built and design pavement thickness; (3) for flexible pavements, a one-to-one correlation exists between FWD modulus and laboratory resilient modulus values for untreated subgrade soils; (4) MODTAG or ELMOD codes can both be used to estimate the resilient modulus of the subgrade in flexible pavements; (5) for rigid pavements, results of FWD backcalculation analysis using ELMOD or MODTAG greatly overestimate the resilient modulus of the soil, with backcalculated moduli 1.3 to 6 times higher than laboratory results; (6) ELMOD is recommended for routine analysis of FWD data, while MODTAG is recommended for research or to evaluate the quality of the data, when needed.
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Berney, Ernest, Naveen Ganesh, Andrew Ward, J. Newman, and John Rushing. Methodology for remote assessment of pavement distresses from point cloud analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40401.

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The ability to remotely assess road and airfield pavement condition is critical to dynamic basing, contingency deployment, convoy entry and sustainment, and post-attack reconnaissance. Current Army processes to evaluate surface condition are time-consuming and require Soldier presence. Recent developments in the area of photogrammetry and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) enable rapid generation of three-dimensional point cloud models of the pavement surface. Point clouds were generated from data collected on a series of asphalt, concrete, and unsurfaced pavements using ground- and aerial-based sensors. ERDC-developed algorithms automatically discretize the pavement surface into cross- and grid-based sections to identify physical surface distresses such as depressions, ruts, and cracks. Depressions can be sized from the point-to-point distances bounding each depression, and surface roughness is determined based on the point heights along a given cross section. Noted distresses are exported to a distress map file containing only the distress points and their locations for later visualization and quality control along with classification and quantification. Further research and automation into point cloud analysis is ongoing with the goal of enabling Soldiers with limited training the capability to rapidly assess pavement surface condition from a remote platform.
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Habib, Ayman, Darcy M. Bullock, Yi-Chun Lin, and Raja Manish. Road Ditch Line Mapping with Mobile LiDAR. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317354.

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Maintenance of roadside ditches is important to avoid localized flooding and premature failure of pavements. Scheduling effective preventative maintenance requires mapping of the ditch profile to identify areas requiring excavation of long-term sediment accumulation. High-resolution, high-quality point clouds collected by mobile LiDAR mapping systems (MLMS) provide an opportunity for effective monitoring of roadside ditches and performing hydrological analyses. This study evaluated the applicability of mobile LiDAR for mapping roadside ditches for slope and drainage analyses. The performance of alternative MLMS units was performed. These MLMS included an unmanned ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a portable backpack system along with its vehicle-mounted version, a medium-grade wheel-based system, and a high-grade wheel-based system. Point cloud from all the MLMS units were in agreement in the vertical direction within the ±3 cm range for solid surfaces, such as paved roads, and ±7 cm range for surfaces with vegetation. The portable backpack system that could be carried by a surveyor or mounted on a vehicle and was the most flexible MLMS. The report concludes that due to flexibility and cost effectiveness of the portable backpack system, it is the preferred platform for mapping roadside ditches, followed by the medium-grade wheel-based system. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulders, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data, and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulder, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively.
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Dhillon, Nathan, Andrew Hannay, and Robin Workman. Next Generation Monitoring Systems. TRL, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/npwb2214.

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Survey vehicles, operating at traffic-speed, are deployed across the road network to assess the condition of road pavements. These apply high-quality (and high cost) equipment to measure condition. However, significant progress has been made in the development of low-cost sensors and data collection units that may have potential for application in highways. This project has aimed to understand the capabilities of this emerging technology. The project explores the technologies and combines a Raspberry-Pi based Data Acquisition System, compact camera, GPS, inertial measurement system, Wifi and 4G GSM comms and a low-cost Solid State LiDAR into a prototype device. The total cost is a few hundred pounds. Trials characterise the prototype system. Although the solid-state LiDAR sensors are not found to be robust in this application, the remaining sensors show strong potential for use in road condition assessment. A wider trial of the prototype system in a potential application – the measurement of roughness (IRI) on developing world road networks – was carried out in El Salvador. The prototype shows comparable performance with alternatives, combined with higher levels of practicality and capability, and the potential for higher levels of consistency through a common low-cost measurement platform. In the light of this research, it is felt that, following refinements to the prototype, the initial application for the device would be for condition surveys in developing world nations.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou, and Watheq Sayeh. Truck-Platoonable Pavement Sections in Illinois’ Network. Illinois Center for Transportation, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-002.

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Truck platooning has many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Literature shows that platooning improves safety and reduces fuel consumption between 5% and 15% based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Deployment of truck platooning within interstate highways would result in significant fuel savings, but may have a direct impact on flexible pavement performance. The channelization of the platoon and reduced rest time between consecutive loads would accelerate the damage accumulation at the channelized position. Ultimately, this would lead to pavement service life reduction and a subsequent increase in maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Therefore, the main objective of this project is to quantify the effects of platooning on flexible pavements and provide guidelines for the state of Illinois by considering the aforementioned factors. Although the benefits of platooning are quantifiable, not every truck route is platoonable. For efficient platooning, trucks need to travel at a constant high speed for extended distances. The integrity of the platoon should be preserved because interfering vehicles would compromise the platooning benefits and road safety. An introduced high-level approach considers the volume/capacity of a roadway and the expected number of highway exit and entry conflicts. Using these parameters, each roadway section is assigned a level of platoonability, ranging from one to five—with five being the highest. A framework was developed to analyze the Illinois highway network. It was found that 89% of the network highway is platoonable under average capacity conditions.
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Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Pavement Markings and Signs. SAE International, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022011.

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Transportation infrastructure systems serve as the platform for emerging automated vehicle (AV) technologies and, in their current condition, limit the reliability of these new vehicles. Road conditions, lane markings, and signs provide essential guidance and information to both human- and machine-controlled vehicles; however, their condition and placement vary depending on local conditions, practices, and funding. Irregular sign placements and road markings confuse both human and machine drivers and can create unsafe conditions. Still, in the short term, they are the easiest factor to adjust regarding successful AV deployment. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Pavement Markings and Signsexamines the issues associated with pavement markings and signs in the context of advanced automation. The report focuses on unresolved issues between the AV industry and infrastructure owners and operators and provides opportunities and recommendations for the AV industry and the larger transportation community to address reliability issues.
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Goto, Akihiko, Masamitsu Kaseda, Kazuo Kitagawa, Tetsuro Shimamura, Masaru Ohmichi, Tadahiro Tsuchiya, Osamu Ishimaru, and Tetsuya Shiraishi. Evaluation of Drain Situation on Draining Pavement Road by Image Processing Technique. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0500.

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Bock, Margaret, Alexander Cardazzi, and Brad Humphreys. Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Pavement Damage Reduces Traffic Safety and Speed. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29176.

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Tarko, Andrew P., Thomas Hall, Cristhian Lizarazo, and Fernando España-Monedero. Speed Management in Small Cities and Towns—Guidelines for Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317122.

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Many small cities and towns in rural states such as Indiana are crossed by arterial highways. The local traffic on these roads, particularly vulnerable road users, face the excessive risk of injury and death. This danger is amplified with local land development, driveways, and on-street parking in town centers. This report presents an Indiana study of the speeding problem on arterial roads passing through small communities. Past research on various countermeasures suitable for the studied conditions were identified and the connection between speed reduction and safety improvements was investigated in a sample of Indiana small towns. Promising speed-reduction measures include speed feedback signs and converging chevrons with speed limit legends marked on the pavement. Point-to-point enforcement is a modern and highly effective alternative that may be applicable on highways passing small towns if the through traffic prevails with limited interruptions. This report provides a method of evaluating the benefits of speed reduction in the studied conditions where the risk of severe injury and fatality is excessive to road users while the frequency of crashes is low. The method includes the proactive estimation of the economic benefit. The results indicate that both the local and through traffic on highways passing a small town benefit considerably from speed reduction even after accounting for the loss of time. An Excel spreadsheet developed in the study facilitates the calculations.
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Fuchs, Alan, Tathagata Acharya, Luis Cabrales, Jesse Bergkamp, and Nyakundi M. Michieka. A New Materials and Design Approach for Roads, Bridges, Pavement, and Concrete. Mineta Transportation Institute, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2019.1858.

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