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Diakite, Aïssata. "Rôle de l'alcool et des substances psychoactives dans les accidents de la voie publique à Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (Étude ASMA-CI)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10064/document.
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L'objectif de notre thèse est d'évaluer le rôle de l'alcool et autres substances psychoactives dans la survenue et la gravité des traumatismes dus aux Accidents de la Voie Publique (AVP) en Côte d'Ivoire. Nous avons initié un recueil de données sur 893 victimes tuées ou blessées suite à un AVP, et admises aux urgences ou à l'Institut de Médecine Légale d'Abidjan. Ces données hospitalières ont été couplées aux données policières et aux résultats d'analyses toxicologiques. La méthode de dosage de l'alcoolémie par CPG-FID a démontré qu'elle répond parfaitement aux critères de performances analytiques recommandés en termes de fidélité, d'exactitude, de linéarité, de stabilité et de limite de quantification. Les niveaux d'alcoolémie chez les victimes au moment de l'AVP, sont élevés et compatibles avec un profil d'alcoolisation excessive. Plus de 75% des conducteurs alcoolisés ont une alcoolémie supérieure à 1g/L. Les prévalences d'alcoolémie au-delà de 0,8g/L sont de 41% chez les conducteurs de véhicules légers 4 roues, 35% chez les 2-roues, 17% chez les piétons et 13% chez les passagers. L'usage des autres substances psychoactives est moins fréquent chez les victimes (11%) et souvent associé à une alcoolémie supérieure à 0,8g/L. L'évaluation du risque de blessures graves (NISS9+) en fonction du degré d'alcoolisation suggère que les victimes avec une alcoolémie modérée ont un risque de blessures graves plus élevé en comparaison avec les victimes sobres (OR = 7,7; IC95% : 2,5-24,2). Au terme de cette thèse, nous proposons une procédure fiable de dosage de l'alcoolémie chez les victimes d'AVP et des mesures concrètes pour la prévention des traumatismes par AVP en Côte d'IvoireWe implemented a data collecting process including 893 victims who died or were injured following a RTA, and were admitted to the Emergency Room or to the Forensic Institute in Abidjan. This hospital-based data was linked with police data and toxicological testing. The method developed in our laboratory for blood alcohol determination using GC-FID demonstrated a good compliance with analytical performance requirements in terms of repeatability, accuracy, linearity, stability and limit of quantification. Blood alcohol levels found in victims at the time of the RTA were compatible with an excessive alcohol intake. More than 75% of drivers with a positive alcohol test had a blood alcohol concentration greater than 1g/L. Prevalence of alcohol above 0.8g/L reaches 41% in light four-wheel drivers, 35% in two-wheel riders, 17% in pedestrian and 13% in passengers. The prevalence of psychoactive drugs was lower (11%) compared to alcohol and usually associated with blood alcohol level greater than 0.8g/L. The assessment of the risk of serious injury (NISS9+) associated to the level of blood alcohol content suggest that victims showing a moderate blood alcohol level are more at risk to sustain serious injury compared to sober victims (OR = 7.7; IC95% : 2.5 – 24.2). In conclusion, we make some practical proposals to strengthen and for facilitating the application of the current law concerning driving under the influence of alcohol. We also make recommendations for prevention of road traffic injuries in the Ivory Coast
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Zheng, Yunan. "The impact of localized road accident information on road safety awareness." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/721/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007.Ph.D. thesis submitted the Faculty of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Computing Science. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Naji, Jamil Abdul-Rabb. "Road accident analysis in Yemen : the identification of shortcomings in road accident data, data adjustment, cost and development of road fatality model." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1996. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/road-accident-analysis-in-yemen(8586c669-4709-4b2c-9d83-45003bc5d0bf).html.
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The true extent of the road accident problem in Yemen is questionable. Some agencies and citizens believe that the safety situation in Yemen is very critical while others disagree with this belief. Both sides however, agree that the road accident problem in Yemen is such that it requires considerable attention. Since Yemen has no history in road safety research and since there is no reliable road accident data in the country, making final judgements on the situation is difficult unless supported by adequate research. The aim of the present research is to provide a better understanding of the road accident problem in the Yemen. This can be made by investigation of the real dimensions of the road accident problem. This includes the identification of the shortcomings in road accident data, the cost of road accidents and modelling road accident fatalities.
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Mollet, C. J. "The analysis of road traffic accident data in the implementation of road safety remedial programmes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52483.
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Thesis (M.Ing.)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A road safety remedial programme has as an objective the improvement of road transportation safety by applying road safety engineering remedial measures to hazardous road network elements in a manner that will be economically efficient. Since accident data is the primary manifestation of poor safety levels it must be analysed in manner that will support the overall objective of economic efficiency. Three steps in the process of implementing a road safety remedial programme, that rely on the systematic analysis of accident data, are the identification of hazardous locations, the ranking of hazardous locations and the evaluation of remedial measure effectiveness. The efficiency of a road safety remedial programme can be enhanced by using appropriate methodologies to measure safety, identify and rank hazardous locations and to determine the effectiveness of road safety remedial measures. There are a number of methodologies available to perform these tasks, although some perform much better than other. Methodologies based on the Empirical Bayesian approach generally provide better results than the Conventional methods. Bayesian methodologies are not often used in South Africa. To do so would require the additional training of students and engineering professionals as well as more research by tertiary and other research institutions. The efficiency of a road safety remedial programme can be compromised by using poor quality accident data. In South Africa the quality of accident data is generally poor and should more attention be given to the proper management and control of accident data. This thesis will report on, investigate and evaluate Bayesian and Conventional accident data analysis methodologies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van 'n padveiligheidsverbeteringsprogram is om op die mees koste effektiewe manier die veiligheid van onveilige padnetwerkelemente te verbeter deur die toepassing van ingenieursmaatreëls. Aangesien padveiligheid direk verband hou met verkeersongelukke vereis die koste effektiewe implementering van 'n padveiligheidsverbeteringsprogram die doelgerigte en korrekte ontleding van ongeluksdata. Om 'n padveiligheidsverbeteringsprogram te implementeer word die ontleding van ongeluksdata verlang vir die identifisering en priortisering van gevaarkolle, sowel as om die effektiwiteit van verbeteringsmaatreëls te bepaal. Die koste effektiwiteit van 'n padveiligheidsverbeteringsprogram kan verbeter word deur die regte metodes te kies om padveiligheid te meet, gevaarkolle te identifiseer en te prioritiseer en om die effektiwiteit van verbeteringsmaatreëls te bepaal. Daar is verskeie metodes om hierdie ontledings te doen, alhoewel sommige van die metodes beter is as ander. Die 'Bayesian' metodes lewer oor die algemeen beter resultate as die gewone konvensionele metodes. 'Bayesian' metodes word nie. in Suid Afrika toegepas nie. Om dit te doen sal addisionele opleiding van studente en ingenieurs vereis, sowel as addisionele navorsing deur universiteite en ander navorsing instansies. Die gebruik van swak kwaliteit ongeluksdata kan die integriteit van 'n padveiligheidsverbeteringsprogram benadeel. Die kwaliteit van ongeluksdata in Suid Afrika is oor die algemeen swak en behoort meer aandag gegee te word aan die bestuur en kontrole van ongeluksdata. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om verslag te doen oor 'Bayesian' en konvensionele metodes wat gebruik kan word om ongeluksdata te ontleed, dit te ondersoek en te evalueer.
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Andeta, Jemal Ahmed. "Road-traffic accident prediction model : Predicting the Number of Casualties." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20146.
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Efficient and effective road traffic prediction and management techniques are crucial in intelligent transportation systems. It can positively influence road advancement, safety enhancement, regulation formulation, and route planning to save living things in advance from road traffic accidents. This thesis considers road safety by predicting the number of casualties if an accident occurs using multiple traffic accident attributes. It helps individuals (drivers) or traffic offices to adjust and control their contributions for the occurrence of an accident before emerging it. Three candidate algorithms from different regression fit patterns are proposed and evaluated to conduct the thesis: the bagging, linear, and non-linear fitting patterns. The gradient boosting machines (GBoost) from the bagging, Linearsupport vector regression (LinearSVR) from the linear, and extreme learning machines (ELM) also from the non-linear side are the selected algorithms. RMSE and MAE performance evaluation metrics are applied to evaluate the models. The GBoost achieved a better performance than the other two with a low error rate and minimum prediction interval value for 95% prediction interval. A SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) interpretation technique is applied to interpret each model at the global interpretation level using SHAP’s beeswarm plots. Finally, suggestions for future improvements are presented via the dataset and hyperparameter tuning.
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Zhao, Qiang. "Multi-model based simulation in the reconstruction of road traffic accident." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500371.
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A Synthetic Traffic SIMluation (ST-SIM) framework is constructed in this project. The framework provides a computer-based platform for traffic research, consisting of three modules: Driver Behaviour, Vehicle Dynamics, and Road Network modelling. Based on these models, ST-SIM can construct and simulate a broad range of traffic scenarios, including accidents. The research in this project has concentrated on the contribution of driver behaviour to the formation of normal traffic and traffic failure, ST-SIM has been designed and implemented using Agent-based modelling techniques. The software has been validated using simulator based driver collision avoidance behaviour from TRL and applied to help the accident reconstruction work of On-The-Spot (OTS) team in the UK.
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Hetherington, Angela. "Stress in accident and emergency personnel and road traffic patrol officers." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385778.
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Chan, Wing-yee. "An application of GIS for road accident analysis in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23294577.
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Shoarian-Sattari, Kamal. "Use of vehicle flow parameters as predictors of road traffic accident risk." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391324.
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Ohene, Lillian. "Family centred care for children in Ghana hospitalised through road traffic accident." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/16366.
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Road traffic accident (RTA) is one of the leading causes of injuries and hospitalisation of children in Ghana. The sudden hospitalisation of the injured child is associated with anxieties and stressful episodes for the affected families. Family Centred Care (FCC) is a concept in paediatric nursing, which forms the basis of care for sick children and their families. FCC as a product of social constructs differs in cultures and context, despite the universal principles underpinning the concept. There is a perceived lack of knowledge of the concept in childcare practice in Ghana. This study explored the perspectives of FCC among health professionals and parents of children hospitalised through RTA in Ghana. The study adopted a qualitative approach, underpinned by a constructivist grounded theory methodology. Data was generated through in-depth individual interviews using a semi-structured technique. Participants consisted of twenty-four professionals and nineteen parents. Data were analysed using a constant comparative approach and two core categories emerged. Parental presence emerged from parents’ perspective, which generated four sub-categories. These include; managing emotions, negotiating the system, parental care roles, and challenges encountered. The professionals’ interviews generated family involvement; its sub-categories are parental involvement, communication, setting boundaries and support for family involvement. The emerging model of parental presence and family involvement for the care of the injured child in the hospital is the first of its kind in Ghana. The dimensions of negotiating the care system, which includes parents negotiating their social status with the professionals, also, demonstrating their usefulness in the hospital and establishing acquaintances with persons with influential powers within the socio-cultural context of Ghana forms part of key findings and the contribution to knowledge. The outcome of discussing the findings within the existing literature was projected using the Force Field Analysis as a conceptual framework for family involvement in the medico-cultural context of Ghana. The study recommends that institutional policies should reflect family involvement practice evidenced by clear written protocols for the involvement of parents/family in the care of the in-patient child.
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Breen, Lauren Jennifer. "Silenced voices experiences of grief following road traffic crashes in Western Australia /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0026.html.
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Chan, Wing-yee, and 陳詠怡. "An application of GIS for road accident analysis in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224052.
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Axelsson, Eva, and Therese Wilson. "Microscopic simulation as an evaluation tool for the road safety of vulnerable road users." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130010.
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Traffic safety has traditionally been measured by analyzing historical accident data, which is a reactive method where a certain number of accidents must occur in order to identify the safety problem. An alternative safety assessment method is to use proximal safety indicators that are defined as measures of accident proximity, which is considered a proactive method. With this method it is possible to detect the safety problem before the accidents have happened. To be able to detect problems in traffic situations in general, microscopic simulation is commonly used. In these models it may be possible to generate representative near-accidents, measured by proximal safety indicator techniques. A benefit of this would be the possibility to experiment with different road designs and evaluate the traffic safety level before reconstructions of the road infrastructure. Therefore has an investigation been performed to test the possibility to identify near-accidents (conflicts) in a microscopic simulation model mimicking the Traffic Conflict Technique developed by Hydén (1987). In order to perform the investigation a case study has been used where an intersection in the city center of Stockholm was studied. The intersection has been rebuilt, which made it possible to perform a before and after study. For the previous design there was a traffic safety assessment available which was carried out using the Traffic Conflict Technique. Microscopic simulation models representing the different designs of the intersection were built in PTV Vissim. In order to evaluate and measure the traffic safety in reality as well as in the microscopic simulation models, a traffic safety assessment was performed in each case. The traffic safety assessment in field for the present design was carried out as a part of this thesis. The main focus of this thesis was the road safety for vulnerable road users. The method to identify conflicts in the simulation model has been to extract raw data output from the simulation model and thereafter process this data in a Matlab program, aiming to mimic the Traffic Conflict Technique. The same program and procedure was used for both the previous and the present design of the intersection. The results from the traffic safety assessment in the simulation model have been compared to the results from the field study in order to evaluate how well microscopic simulation works as an evaluation tool for traffic safety in new designs. The comparison shows that the two methods of conflict identification cannot replace each other straight off. But with awareness of the differences between the methods, the simulation model could be used as an indication when evaluating the level of traffic safety in a road design.
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Shuhaibar, Nabeel Khalil. "Road accidents in a developing country : characteristics and causes of accident rates in Kuwait." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8185.
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Malheiro, de Magalhaes Fernando Jose. "Prediction in Poisson and other errors in variables models." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2971/.
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We want to be able to use information about the traffic flows at road junctions and covariates describing those junctions to predict the number of accidents occurring there. We develop here a Bayesian predictive approach. Initially we considered three simpler but related problems to assess the efficiency of some approximation techniques, namely: (I) Given a treatment with an effect that can be described mathematically as of a multiplicative form, we record Poisson countings before and after the treatment is applied. Then, given a new individual with a known counting before the treatment is used, we want to predict the outcome on that individual after the treatment is applied. (II) After observing the value on an individual before any treatment is applied, we decide, based on that value, which of two treatments to apply, and then register the post- treatment outcome. Given a new individual, with an observed value before he receives any treatment, we aim to derive the predictive distribution for the outcome after one of the treatments is used. (This problem is also considered when several possible treatments are available). (III) We compare the effects of two treatments, through a two-period crossover design. We assume that both the treatment effect and the period effect are of multiplicative forms. Estimative and approximation methods are developed for each of these problems. We use the Gibbs sampling approach, normal asymptotic approximations for the posterior distributions and the Laplace approximations. Examples are presented to compare the efficiency and performance of the different methods. We find that the Laplace method performs well, and has computational advantages over the other methods. Using the knowledge obtained solving these simpler problems we develop solutions for the traffic accidents problem and analyse a real data set. Stepwise procedures for the incorporation of the covariates through the use of Kullback-Leibler measure of divergence are developed. We also consider the three simpler problems assuming that the observations are exponentially and binomially distributed.
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Fowler, Megan Leigh. "The Effect of Road Network Bendiness on Traffic Crash Occurrence in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1678.
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Recent researchers have suggested that the combination of horizontal curves or “bendiness” of a length of road contributes to traffic crash occurrence. A previous study of New Zealand fatal crashes using an aggregated approach found no significant correlation between crash occurrence and road bendiness for rural roads but a minor correlation for urban roads.
This thesis further explores the effect of road bendiness on traffic crash occurrence in New Zealand by developing a method more suited to traffic engineering. The method involves Geographical Information Systems (GIS) firstly to process data and secondly to calculate bendiness values. The following bendiness measures: bend density, detour ratio, cumulative angle, mean angle and standard deviation of angles; are applied to “influence areas” surrounding crash and comparison sites. The method then dictates that some form of statistical analysis should be performed to distinguish between the bendiness of crash and comparison sites, while accounting for other influencing factors. Binary logistic regression is recommended.
The method was applied in a case study of New Zealand fatal crashes, with two main analysis techniques employed. Firstly, binary logistic regression models were developed. It was found that, for rural roads, sections with consistent and frequent curves were safer than completely straight sections or those with isolated curves. The urban model was less conclusive, which suggests that the method was not appropriate in the urban situation.
The second analysis method involved comparing bendiness values of a site’s “immediate area” with those of its influence area. It was found that, although the spreads of the comparison sites’ distributions were smaller than those of the crash sites, the mean values were generally very similar and no appropriate bendiness ratios could be specified to reduce crash risk.
Overall it appears that, if design consistency is maintained, bendiness is a protective quality for rural roads.
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Gabriš, Jakub. "Analýza kritických míst v silniční dopravě ve vybraném regionu - Blanensko." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232558.
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This master thesis analyzes the bottlenecks on the terrestrial communications in the area Blansko. The aim is to suggest organizational and engineering measures which lead to increase traffic safety in selected road sections of terrestrial communications.
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Aurich, Allan. "Modelle zur Beschreibung der Verkehrssicherheit innerörtlicher Hauptverkehrsstraßennetze unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Umfeldnutzung." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-125311.
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In der Arbeit wird eine Methodik einer zusammenhängenden Analyse und modellhaften Beschreibung der Verkehrssicherheit in städtischen Hauptstraßennetzen am Beispiel der Stadt Dresden entwickelt. Die dabei gewonnenen Modelle dienen der Abschätzung von Erwartungswerten von Unfallhäufigkeiten mit und ohne Personenschaden unter Berücksichtigung der Verkehrsbeteiligungsart. Die Grundlage bilden multivariate Regressionsmodelle auf Basis verallgemeinerter linearer Modelle (GLM). Die Verwendung verallgemeinerter Regressionsmodelle erlaubt eine Berücksichtigung von Verteilungen, die besser geeignet sind, den Unfallentstehungsprozess wiederzugeben, als die häufig verwendete Normalverteilung. Im konkreten Fall werden hierzu die Poisson-Verteilung sowie die negative Binomialverteilung verwendet. Um Effekte im Hauptverkehrsstraßennetz möglichst trennscharf abbilden zu können, werden vier grundsätzliche Netzelemente differenziert und das Netz entsprechend zerlegt. Unterschieden werden neben Streckenabschnitten und Hauptverkehrsknotenpunkten auch Annäherungsbereiche und Anschlussknotenpunkte. Die Kollektive der Knotenpunkte werden ferner in signalisierte und nicht-signalisierte unterteilt. Es werden zunächst Modelle unterschiedlicher Unfallkollektive getrennt für alle Kollektive der vier Netzelemente berechnet. Anschließend werden verschiedene Vorgehensweisen für eine Zusammenfassung zu Netzmodellen entwickelt. Neben der Verwendung verkehrstechnischer und infrastruktureller Größen als erklärende Variable werden in der Arbeit auch Kenngrößen zur Beschreibung der Umfeldnutzung ermittelt und im Rahmen der Regression einbezogen. Die Quantifizierung der Umfeldnutzung erfolgt mit Hilfe von Korrelations-, Kontingenz- und von Hauptkomponentenanalysen (PCA). Im Ergebnis werden Modelle präsentiert, die eine multivariate Quantifizierung erwarteter Unfallhäufigkeiten in Hauptverkehrsstraßennetzen erlauben. Die vorgestellte Methodik bildet eine mögliche Grundlage für eine differenzierte Sicherheitsbewertung verkehrsplanerischer VariantenabschätzungenA methodology is developed in order to predict the number of accidents within an urban main road network. The analysis was carried out by surveying the road network of Dresden. The resulting models allow the calculation of individual expectancy values for accidents with and without injury involving different traffic modes. The statistical modelling process is based on generalized linear models (GLM). These were chosen due to their ability to take into account certain non-normal distributions. In the specific case of accident counts, both the Poisson distribution and the negative binomial distribution are more suitable for reproducing the origination process than the normal distribution. Thus they were chosen as underlying distributions for the subsequent regressions. In order to differentiate overlaying influences, the main road network is separated into four basic elements: major intersections, road sections, minor intersections and approaches. Furthermore the major and minor intersections are additionally subdivided into signalised and non-signalised intersections. Separate models are calculated for different accident collectives for the various types of elements. Afterwards several methodologies for calculating aggregated network models are developed and analysed. Apart from traffic-related and infrastructural attributes, environmental parameters are derived taking into account the adjacent building structure as well as the surrounding land-use, and incorporated as explanatory variables within the regression. The environmental variables are derived from statistical analyses including correlation matrices, contingency tables and principal components analyses (PCA). As a result, a set of models is introduced which allows a multivariate calculation of expected accident counts for urban main road networks. The methodology developed can serve as a basis for a differentiated safety assessment of varying scenarios within a traffic planning process
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Barnes, Jo. "An exploratory study of road crash survivors : injury outcomes and quality of life." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/2369.
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The overall aims of this PhD were to examine what the real effects of injury are on survivors of road crashes and to explore the methods used to assess these effects. Three studies were conducted for this thesis to explore the effects of injury using quality of life outcomes for survivors of road crashes. Study 1 was a prospective follow-up study of 70 road crash survivors with relatively 'minor' injuries. The aim of study 1 was to determine the effects of the crash or injury on quality of life for a 'minor' injury sample over a 1 year follow-up period. Study 2 was a prospective follow-up study of 50 'seriously' injured road crash survivors admitted to hospital as a result of their injuries. Study 3 incorporated the results of study 1 and study 2 to examine the societal burden of injury.
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O'Bryant, Adam L. "Factors associated with traffic crashes in Pasto, Colombia, 2005-2006." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07252008-155628/.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Karen Gieseker, committee chair; Ike S. Okosun, Victoria Espitia-Hardeman, committee members. Electronic text (69 p. : col. ill., col. map) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 29, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-66).
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Phipps, Valerie Lily. "The psychological effects of road traffic accidents on children and adolescents following admission to an Accident and Emergency Department." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58073/.
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Objectives: - The present research attempts to elicit children's perceptions and experiences of enduring a road traffic accident (RTA). It also examined their parents experiences of parenting such children and their own experiences and perceptions of the accident. Participants: - The study focussed on 14 children, aged from 9 years 9 months - 14 years and 4 months of age who had endured a RTA from between 9-33 months previously and their parents. Design: - The study employed a non-experimental design with a combination of quantitative and qualitative paradigms. Method: - The participants were identified via the hospital database of all children who had endured a RTA from between 6-24 months previously. Both the children and their parents were interviewed on specifically designed semi-structured interview schedules. Each interview was then tape-recorded and transcribed in its entirety. These transcripts then provided the universe of material for subsequent qualitative analysis. Results:- The results of this study demonstrated that approximately half of the children who had experienced a RTA were suffering from a post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, the PTSD case children differed from the non-case children on factors such as awareness of the inpending RTA, feelings of self-blame regarding the accident, and more negative thoughts regarding their experience immediately after the impact and at the time of the assessment. In addition, the parents of the case children displayed similar responses to that of their children. Conclusion: - A theoretical Model was presented to account for the main findings in response to the research questions, also drawing on existing research. It is emphasised that this model is speculative due to the small sample size insofar as it draws upon the present findings, and as such can only relate to this study sample and further research would be required to fully test and validate it. In addition, recommendations were made for service delivery and clinical practice.
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Adedokun, Adeyemi. "Application of Road Infrastructure Safety Assessment Methods at Intersections." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-127334.
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Traffic safety at intersections is a particularly difficult phenomenon to study, given the fact that accidents occur randomly in time and space thereby making short-term measurement, assessment and comparison difficult. The EU directive 2008/96/EC introduced road infrastructure safety management, which offers a five layer structure for developing safer road infrastructure has been used to develop tools for accident prediction and black spot management analysis which has been applied in this work to assess the safety level of intersections in Norrköping city in Sweden. Accident data history from STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) and the network demand model for Norrköping city were used to model black spots and predict the expected number of accidents at intersections using PTV Visum Safety tool, after STRADA accident classification was restructured and the Swedish accident prediction model (APM) was configured and tested to work within the tool using the model from the Swedish road administration (SRA). The performance of the default (Swiss) and the Swedish APM was compared and identified locations with the high accident records, predicted accident counts and traffic volumes were audited using qualitative assessment checklist from Street-Audit tool. The results from these methods were analysed, validated and compared. This work provides recommendations on the used quantitative and qualitative methods to prevent accident occurrence at the identified locations.
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Wang, Chao. "The relationship between traffic congestion and road accidents : an econometric approach using GIS." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6207.
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Both traffic congestion and road accidents impose a burden on society, and it is therefore important for transport policy makers to reduce their impact. An ideal scenario would be that traffic congestion and accidents are reduced simultaneously, however, this may not be possible since it has been speculated that increased traffic congestion may be beneficial in terms of road safety. This is based on the premise that there would be fewer fatal accidents and the accidents that occurred would tend to be less severe due to the low average speed when congestion is present. If this is confirmed then it poses a potential dilemma for transport policy makers: the benefit of reducing congestion might be off-set by more severe accidents. It is therefore important to fully understand the relationship between traffic congestion and road accidents while controlling for other factors affecting road traffic accidents. The relationship between traffic congestion and road accidents appears to be an under researched area. Previous studies often lack a suitable congestion measurement and an appropriate econometric model using real-world data. This thesis aims to explore the relationship between traffic congestion and road accidents by using an econometric and GIS approach. The analysis is based on the data from the M25 motorway and its surrounding major roads for the period 2003-2007. A series of econometric models have been employed to investigate the effect of traffic congestion on both accident frequency (such as classical Negative Binomial and Bayesian spatial models) and accident severity (such as ordered logit and mixed logit models). The Bayesian spatial model and the mixed logit model are the best models estimated for accident frequency and accident severity analyses respectively. The model estimation results suggest that traffic congestion is positively associated with the frequency of fatal and serious injury accidents and negatively (i.e. inversely) associated with the severity of accidents that have occurred. Traffic congestion is found to have little impact on the frequency of slight injury accidents. Other contributing factors have also been controlled for and produced results consistent with previous studies. It is concluded that traffic congestion overall has a negative impact on road safety. This may be partially due to higher speed variance among vehicles within and between lanes and erratic driving behaviour in the presence of congestion. The results indicate that mobility and safety can be improved simultaneously, and therefore there is significant additional benefit of reducing traffic congestion in terms of road safety. Several policy implications have been identified in order to optimise the traffic flow and improve driving behaviour, which would be beneficial to both congestion and accident reduction. This includes: reinforcing electronic warning signs and the Active Traffic Management, enforcing average speed on a stretch of a roadway and introducing minimum speed limits in the UK. This thesis contributes to knowledge in terms of the relationship between traffic congestion and road accidents, showing that mobility and safety can be improved simultaneously. A new hypothesis is proposed that traffic congestion on major roads may increase the occurrence of serious injury accidents. This thesis also proposes a new map-matching technique so as to assign accidents to the correct road segments, and shows how a two-stage modelling process which combines both accident frequency and severity models can be used in site ranking with the objective of identifying hazardous accident hotspots for further safety examination and treatment.
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Chagas, Denise Martins. "Método para análise de acidentes de trânsito com a identificação de fatores causais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/116727.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tese tem como finalidade propor um método de coleta, tratamento e análise de dados de acidentes de trânsito para aplicação no Brasil. Este método tem como um de seus objetivos reconhecer os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência dos acidentes, visto que identificar as causas dos acidentes é fundamental na busca por soluções para o problema da acidentalidade. No Brasil as bases de dados de acidentes de trânsito são, em geral, estruturadas a partir dos registros policiais e carecem de informações adequadas para a análise da segurança viária. O método proposto neste trabalho permite registrar acidentes de modo a contemplar: as características do acidente, as circunstâncias do momento, a identificação e as características dos veículos e pessoas envolvidas. Além disso, o método permite relacionar essas informações com os fatores que contribuíram para a ocorrência dos acidentes. Nesse contexto, a criação de uma base de dados de acidentes e seus fatores contribuintes, vem suprir a carência de informações essenciais para o diagnóstico e encaminhamento de soluções adequadas para os problemas motivadores dos acidentes de trânsito. A proposta desta tese está baseada em uma abordagem que combina aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos, alinhada às melhores práticas internacionais na área de segurança viária. Como resultado do desenvolvimento do método, foram elaborados instrumentos de coleta de dados contendo um formulário, um manual e procedimentos para a coleta de dados. Como resultado da aplicação prática desses instrumentos, foi criada a estrutura de uma base de dados que permitiu a definição do método proposto para a análise das causas de acidentes de trânsito. Como meio de validar o método proposto, foi realizado um estudo aplicado e são apresentadas as análises de dados dos acidentes de trânsito observados.This thesis has the purpose of presenting a method for collecting and processing data on traffic accidents to be applied in Brazil. This method aims to acknowledge the contributor factors for the occurrence of accidents, since identifying the causes of accidents is crucial on the search for effective solutions for the road safety problem. Traffic accidents database in Brazil are generally structured based on police reports, therefore lacking adequate information for the analyses of road safety. The method proposes a registry of the accidents comprising accident characteristics, scene circumstances, vehicle as well as involved people identification and characteristics. Moreover, it allows relating that information with the accident contributory factors. In this scenery, the creation of an accident database and its contributory factors emerge to supply the lack of essential information for the diagnosis and adequate solution for traffic accidents. This thesis’ proposal has an approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative aspects, seeking to level up to the best international practice on the road safety area. As a result of the development of the method, data collection instruments were elaborated: a form, a manual, and procedures for data collection. Besides, as a result of the practical application of these instruments, a database - which allowed the definition of the method proposed for analysis of the causes of traffic accidents - was created. As a mean of validation of the method, an applied study and the data analysis of the observed traffic accidents are presented.
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Gustafsson, Elin, and Martina Björk. "Förbättrad säkerhet vid arbete på väg - ur en vägarbetares perspektiv." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31239.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: There are many different risks while working on or close to roads. This is because conditions are very varying on road works and different tasks are being performed at the same time (AV, 2015). According to a survey carried out by SEKO (2011) seven out of ten road workers are worrying about working on or close to roads because of the lack of safety. But the fear is not groundless, according to a survey carried out by Liljegren and Szafran-Kzdrój (2014) 2935 accidents related to road works happened between year 2003-2012 where road workers were involved in 139 of the total cases. Efforts to create a better work environment are taking place daily but there are still road workers that get injured or even killed during work. The aim with this report is therefore to examine how roadworkers safety can be improved during roadworks. Method: This survey is a case study, which aims to illustrate the reality. In order to answer the questioning formulation, three different methods have been used. A literature study was first completed to understand how far previous research has come and after that a document analysis of valid laws and regulations was made. The third method used was qualitative interviews, which is the most important foundation for the result. Findings: Risks that occur in road work zones often arises because of the passing traffic. High speed along with reckless drivers or drivers that act aggressive are great risk factors. These risk factors also contribute to mental illness such as stress and anxiety. Physical problems are also a cause of bad work environment with dusty or noisy surroundings. The shared solution to solve these problems are diversion or to reduce speed even more past road work zones. This is though easier said than done because the road maintenance often wats to keep a high traffic volume during the time a road work is performed. Implications: Risks in road work zones are lower when a traffic diversion is applied or when traffic can pass in a satisfactory way. Unfortunately, these actions are not being applied in such extent as wanted by the road workers. To minimise risks in road work zones the contractors' have to start compile and together ask for higher standards. When traffic diversion can’t be applied must recommended speed be reduced even more. Limitations: All interviews were conducted with people working in the same company but in different business areas, within the county of Jönköping. This was because different opinions about the problem were asked for. It is though difficult to decide whether or not the result is generalizable, because only people within the same county and company were interviewed.Syfte: När vägarbeten utförs på och intill vägar är riskerna många eftersom platsen varierar samtidigt som flera olika arbetsuppgifter utförs samtidigt (AV, 2015). Enligt en undersökning gjord av SEKO (2011) oroar sig sju av tio vägarbetare för att arbeta på väg på grund av bristande säkerhet. Oron är dessvärre inte obefogad, en studie utförd av Liljegren och Szafran-Kzdrój (2014) visar att det under år 2003-2012 inträffade 2935 olyckor relaterade till vägarbeten och i 139 av fallen var vägarbetare inblandade. Arbetet med att skapa en bättre arbetsmiljö pågår dagligen men det sker ändå att vägarbetare skadas eller omkommer på sin arbetsplats. Målet med arbetet är därför att undersöka hur säkerheten för vägarbetare kan förbättras vid arbete på väg. Metod: Undersökningen är av typen fallstudie, vilket syftar till att belysa verkligheten. För att besvara frågeställningarna och uppnå målet har tre olika metoder använts. Först genomfördes en litteraturstudie för att undersöka var kunskapsfronten inom ämnet ligger idag, därefter gjordes en dokumentanalys av gällande lagar, förordningar och föreskrifter. Den tredje metoden som användes var kvalitativa intervjuer, vilka utgör det största underlaget till resultatet. Resultat: De risker som finns på vägarbetsplatser uppkommer till stor del på grund av den passerande fordonstrafiken. Höga hastigheter är tillsammans med trafikanter som kör hänsynslöst eller uppvisar ett aggressivt beteende stora riskfaktorer. Dessa riskfaktorer bidrar även till att psykiska problem som exempelvis stress och oro uppstår. Även fysiska problem på grund av en dålig arbetsmiljö med damm och buller förekommer. Den gemensamma lösningen är kort “led om trafiken” eller “sänk hastigheten ytterligare förbi vägarbetsplatser”. Det är dock lättare sagt än gjort eftersom väghållaren ofta vill behålla en hög trafikvolym på vägarna samtidigt som vägarbeten utförs. Konsekvenser: När trafiken leds om eller kan passera på ett betryggande sätt minskar riskerna på vägarbetsplatsen, dock görs inte detta i tillräcklig stor utsträckning. För att minska riskerna måste entreprenadföretag samarbeta mer och börja ställa högre krav på väghållaren. Vid de tillfällen då trafiken inte kan ledas om utan måste passera vägarbetsplatsen ska även den rekommenderade hastigheten sänkas i större utsträckning. Begränsningar: Alla intervjuer är genomförda med personer som arbetar på samma företag men inom olika affärsområden inom Jönköpings län. Detta eftersom olika ställningstagande om problemet eftersöktes. Då enbart personer som arbetar inom samma län och företag intervjuats är det svårt att avgöra om resultatet är generaliserbart för andra län och företag av annan storlek.
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Narkevič, Natalija. "ES ir NVS šalių eismo saugumo politika, sprendžiant kelių eismo įvykių ir „juodųjų dėmių“ problemas: Lietuvos ir Rusijos atvejai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140603_133611-08071.
Full textAbstract:
Magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama ES ir NVS kelių eismo saugumo politika, sprendžiant kelių eismo įvykių ir “juodųjų dėmių” problemas. Pasirinkti Lietuvos ir Rusijos atvejai. Pirmoje dalyje aptarta avaringumo problema šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje, pateikti statistiniai duomenys apie kelių eismo įvykiuose žuvusių žmonių skaičių ES ir NVS valstybėse, aptartos prevencinės priemonės, nurodytos kelių eismo įvykių ir „juodųjų dėmių“ atsiradimo priežastys Lietuvos ir Rusijos keliuose, pateiktos „juodųjų dėmių“ sąvokos bei jų nustatymo metodikos. Antroje dalyje nagrinėjami ES kelių transporto ir eismo saugumo reguliavimo teisiniai aspektai, nagrinėjami Lietuvos ir Rusijos svarbiausi kelių eismo saugumą reguliuojantys teisės aktai, analizuojama institucijų veikla bei finansavimas.The master’s thesis covers the road safety policy of the EU and the CIS countries in solving the problems of road traffic accidents and “accident black spots”. The Lithuanian and Russian cases have been selected. Part One covers the discussion of the accident rate problem in a modern world, presentation of statistical data on the number of people, who died during the road traffic accidents in the EU and the CIS states, discussion of preventive measures, indication of the causes of road traffic accidents and “accident black spots” on Lithuanian and Russian roads, presentation of “accident black spots” terms as well as their identification methods. Part Two covers the analysis of legal aspects of the EU road transport and road safety regulation, fundamental legal acts governing traffic safety of Lithuania and Russia, as well as activities and financing of institutions.
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Pringle, Susan Mary. "Automobility and injury inequality : road safety for a diverse society." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6378.
Full textAbstract:
Most knowledge of road accidents patterns derives from datasets. Heightened risk of involvement in road accidents can be shown to be associated with, inter alia, membership of minority ethnic groups and poverty. In addition, males are involved in a greater number of road accidents than are females. Very little work has been done to explain why these patterns should occur or why some places are linked to a greater risk of road accidents for specific groups of road users. This thesis adopts qualitative methodologies to examine reasons for the apparent over-representation in road accidents of Black teenage male pedestrians living in London, an exercise that not only suggests why Black teenagers should be over-represented in datasets but identifies factors that may explain the dynamics behind many accidents in road space. The thesis focuses on the nature of road space as social space, and a road accident as a unique event that is brought into being through an interaction between users as they meet, each user importing his or her own expectations, feelings and interpretations to the experience. Data are used to argue that no one road user independently ‘causes' a road accident and the thesis concludes that an apparently higher rate of road accidents involving Black teenagers is a function of the constructed social space of the road. Rather than anything intrinsic to the individual, the circumstances of a road accident involving a Black teenage pedestrian can reveal many tensions that underpin society. The final chapter proposes a variety of ways of tackling road accidents, concluding that to be effective, road safety programmes should be developed for diverse societies or communities, rather than discrete groups within communities.
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Johansson, Sofia, and Sri Vasireddy. "Analysis of Mobility and Traffic Safety with Respect to Changes in Volumes; Case Study: Stockholm, Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177780.
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The growing population and motorization generate more movements. In many cities, the increase of population and motorization is much greater than the development of the capacity of the transportation network. For unprotected road users, the risk of getting in a traffic accident increases and the risk of being more severely injured in an accident. In March 2020, a pandemic was declared because of a Coronavirus. More people started to work/study from home to prevent the virus from spreading by avoiding unnecessary trips, gatherings, and crowded areas. Therefore, travel behaviours have shifted during the pandemic compared to previous years. This project aims to get knowledge of how mobility and traffic accidents are affected by significant shifts of travel flow, predict the effect of traffic accidents based on mobility, and evaluate the risk of travelling on a particular road segment.Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet
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Perničková, Barbora. "Analýza kritických míst v silniční dopravě ve vybraném regionu - Českobudějovicko." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232866.
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This master thesis focuses on the analysis of critical points on the road in České Budějovice region. The aim is to suggest organizational and engineering solutions that have an impact on traffic safety in selected sections of road .
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Shrensky, Ruth, and n/a. "The ontology of communication: a reconcepualisation of the nature of communication through a critique of mass media public communication campaigns." University of Canberra. Communication, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050601.163735.
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Conclusion. It is probably now appropriate to close a chapter in the history of
public communication campaigning. Weaknesses which have
usually been seen as instrumental can now be seen for what they
are: conceptual failures grounded in compromised ontologies and
false epistemologies. As I showed in the last chapter, even when
viewed within their own narrow empiricist frame, public
communication campaigns fail to satisfy a test of empirical efficacy.
But empirical failure reveals a deeper moral failure: the failure of
government to properly engage in a conversation with the citizens
to whom they are ultimately responsible. Whether public
communication campaigns are a symptom or a cause of this failure
lies beyond the scope of this thesis. But there can be little doubt that
the practice of these campaigns has encouraged the persistence of an
inappropriate relation between state and citizens.
The originators and managers of mass media public communication
campaigns conceive of and execute their creations as persuasive
devices aimed at the targets who have been selected to receive their
messages. But we do not see ourselves as targets (and there are
profound ethical reasons why we should not be treated as such),
neither do we engage with the mass media as message receivers. On
the contrary, as social beings, we become actively and creatively
involved with the communicative events which we attend to and
participate in; the mass media, like all other communication
opportunities, provide the means for generating new meanings,
new ways of understanding, new social realities. But people are
constrained from participating fully in public discussion about social
issues; the government's construal of individuals as targets and of
communication as transmitted messages does not provide the
discursive space for mutual interaction.
Governments should aim to encourage the active engagement of
citizens in public discussion by conceiving of and executing public
communication as part of a continuing conversation, not as
packaged commodities to be marketed and consumed, or as messages
to be received. It is time to encourage alternative practices-practices
which open up the possibility of productive conversations which
will help transform the relationship between citizens and state.
However, as I have argued in this thesis, changed practices must be
accompanied by profound changes in thinking, otherwise we
continue to reinvent the past. Communication practice is informed
by the ontology of communication which is itself embedded within
other ontologies and epistemologies. The dominant paradigm of
communication is at present in a state of crisis, caught between two
views of communication power. On the one hand it displays an
obsession with instrumental effectiveness on which it cannot
deliver. On the other hand-in an attempt to discard the
accumulated baggage of dualist philosophy and mechanistic models
of effective communication-it indulges in a humourless critique of
language which, as Robert Hughes astutely observes, is little more
than an enclave of abstract complaint (Hughes 1993:72). This thesis
has been an attempt to open up a space for a new ontology, within
which we might create new possibilities.
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Livi, Karla Lindorfer. "A vigilância epidemiológica de agravos decorrentes de acidentes de trânsito em Porto Alegre : caracterização das fontes de dados existentes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132719.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertação tem por objetivo caracterizar as fontes de dados sobre acidentes de trânsito existentes em um município de grande porte (Porto Alegre-RS) visando o desenvolvimento e a implantação de um sistema de vigilância epidemiológica de lesões e mortes no trânsito. Para tanto, foi elaborado um modelo conceitual a partir da definição de Acidentes de Transporte Terrestre (ATT) e seus fatores determinantes, de modo a identificar oportunidades de registro das informações. Foram considerados aspectos relacionados à estrutura, processos, fluxos de informações geradas, e atores envolvidos na produção e utilização das mesmas. Partindo deste modelo e da definição de sistemas de vigilância epidemiológica, as fontes de dados foram descritas quanto as variáveis: lugar, pessoa e tempo, definição de caso, objetivos, descrição de componentes e funcionamento (população alvo, forma, método e tempo de coleta, armazenamento e transferência de dados); frequência de análise dos dados; a quem são destinadas e a forma de divulgação das informações; as intervenções às quais estão vinculadas e a possibilidade de identificação dos fatores de risco para acidentes de trânsito. Além disto, partindo do referencial teórico para estruturação de sistemas de vigilância epidemiológica de acidentes da OMS/CDC, foram identificadas potencialidades e limitações dos dados disponíveis nas diferentes fontes para vigilância de ATT. Foram estudadas seis fontes de dados: Sistema de Informação Sobre Mortalidade, Sistema de Internação Hospitalar Descentralizado, Inquérito de Violências e Acidentes em Serviços Sentinela de Urgência e Emergência da Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes, Sistema de Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência, Cadastro de Acidentes de Trânsito da Empresa Pública de Transporte e Circulação de Porto Alegre, e Sistema de Informações Policiais da Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os responsáveis técnicos pelas bases de dados e análise de material documental disponível. O artigo descreve a forma de processamento, análise e divulgação dos dados, a utilidade e vinculação das informações em relação a processos decisórios e a identificação de fatores de risco para acidentes de trânsito. A descrição operacional das fontes dados, a caracterização das variáveis e a identificação de potencialidades e limitações para vigilância de ATT foram apresentadas como detalhes metodológicos adicionais. O estudo demonstrou que a coleta de dados primários ou secundários depende da oportunidade de acesso ao evento e o processamento, análise e divulgação das informações obedecem a atribuições e objetivos setoriais. Quanto à utilidade das informações e a vinculação dessas com processos decisórios, no setor saúde, estão voltadas para o planejamento e a gestão dos serviços. Nos órgãos de segurança e trânsito, para a segurança pública e viária, planejamento educação e engenharia de trânsito. Há escassez de dados relacionados à cena do acidente e a trajetória da vítima. A totalidade das informações produzidas pelas fontes estudadas caracteriza parcialmente os eventos, muitas vezes, não apontando a dinâmica do evento, quem foram os envolvidos e os fatores de risco associados de forma a auxiliar na determinação e causalidade e direcionar medidas de prevenção e controle. Tais resultados indicam a importância da qualificação dos dados primários coletados na cena do acidente e a padronização dos dados em relação a conceitos e terminologias. Para auxiliar na determinação de causalidade, apontar fatores de risco e subsidiar a tomada de decisão em saúde é fundamental à integração, relacionamento e compartilhamento de dados bem como análise multidisciplinar dos eventos.The aim of this thesis is to characterize the sources of data on existing traffic accidents in a large municipality (Porto Alegre, Brazil) in order to develop and implement a system of epidemiological surveillance of injuries and deaths from traffic accidents. To do so, a conceptual model from the definition of Land Transport Accidents (LTAs) and its determining factors were prepared in order to identify opportunities of information records. Aspects related to structure, processes, generated information flows, and actors involved in their production were considered. On the basis of this model and the definition of epidemiological surveillance systems, the sources of data were described according to the variables: place, person, and time; definition of case; objectives; description of components and functioning (target population, form, methods, and time of collection, storage, and transfer of data); frequency of analysis of data; to whom the information is addressed as well as its form of dissemination; interventions to which the information is linked; and the possibility of identifying the risk factors for road traffic accidents. In addition, based on the theoretical framework for organization of systems of epidemiological surveillance of accidents of WHO/CDC, both potentialities and limitations on the data available in the different sources for surveillance of LTAs were identified. Six sources of data were studied: Mortality Information System, Decentralized Hospitalization System, Investigation of Acts of Violence and Accidents in the Sentinela (Sentinel) Urgency and Emergency Services of VIVA (Surveillance System for Acts of Violence and Accidents), System of Pre-Hospital Care of SAMU (Mobile Emergency Care Service), Records of Traffic Accidents of EPTC (Government-owned Corporation for Transport and Traffic in Porto Alegre), and System of Police Information of the Secretariat for Public Security in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected by means of both semi-structured interviews with technicians responsible for the databases and documented material available. The article describes the form of processing, analysis and dissemination of data, utility and linking of information in relation to the processes of decision-making, and the identification of risk factor for road traffic accidents. The operational description of the source of data, the characterization of variables, and the identification of potentialities as well as the limitations on the surveillance of LTAs were presented as additional methodological details. The study showed that the collection of primary or secondary data depends on the opportunity to access the event and the processing, analysis and dissemination of information obey tasks and sectorial objectives. The usefulness of the information and its relation to the processes of decision-making in the health sector are related to the planning and management of services. In the agencies for security and traffic, they are related to public and road safety, planning, education, and traffic engineering. There is shortage of data related to the scene of the accident and the victim's course. All information produced by the study partially characterizes the events, often not pointing the dynamics of the event, who the involved were, and the associated risk factors, in order to help in determination and causality, and to direct both prevention and control measures. These results indicate the importance of the classification of the primary data collected at the scene of the accident and the standardization of data regarding concepts and terminology. In order to help determine causality, identify risk factors, and support the decision-making in health, record linkage, and data sharing as well as the multidisciplinary analysis of the events are essential to integration.
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Zemánek, Lukáš. "Analýza a srovnání dopravní nehodovosti České republiky, Norska a Finska." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232592.
Full textAbstract:
The master‘s thesis deals with accidents in road transport in the Czech Republic, Norway and Finland. It includes analysis and comparison of accident rates in those states, an overview of accidents in recent years, legislative requirements and trends in this area and then based on analysis of current proposals includes measures to increase safety in road transport.
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Holcová, Veronika. "Bezpečnostní inspekce na vybraných lokalitách ve Zlínském kraji." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371952.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of this Diploma's thesis is Road safety inspection in the Zlín region. To start off, I was given 14 dangerous locations in the region of Zlín by the Road Services of Kroměříž; 7 of them at crossroads and 7 outside of crossroads. Then I analysed accident risks and compared the locations among each other according to safety features. Based on the outcome of my analysis, then I chose 2 locations at crossroads and 2 outside of crossroads which I personally visited and conducted analysis on how safe they are. I uncovered potential risks which could lead to traffic accidents and suggested solutions that eliminate or minimise that risk.
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Viveiros, Eduardo Luiz de Andrade. "Gerenciamento de riscos e prevenção de acidentes no transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos no litoral norte do estado de São Paulo: uma abordagem metodológica." Universidade de Taubaté, 2009. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=150.
Full textAbstract:
Os acidentes que envolvem o transporte de produtos perigosos ocorrem, com certa frequência, em rodovias e afetam, não apenas os seus usuários, mas também as populações lindeiras e o meio ambiente, levando contaminação e poluição, muitas vezes disseminadas por ventos e em rios, com consequências catastróficas para o meio ambiente e a saúde humana. Trata-se, portanto de um problema que requer não apenas ações de caráter corretivo por ocasião dos sinistros, mas também medidas preventivas, visando à redução dos riscos e de consequências impactantes. Este trabalho tem o objetivo tornar-se um instrumento para ações preventivas, dirigido à administração pública, como contribuição na segurança do transporte de produtos perigosos, no Litoral Norte Paulista (São Sebastião e Caraguatatuba). A abordagem metodológica deste trabalho foi a pesquisa secundária em banco de dados da CETESB, mais especificamente em instrumentos provenientes do Gerenciamento de Riscos e na metodologia de Árvore de Falhas, sendo esta metodologia parte integrante dos estudos de AIA Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, aplicados ao transporte de produtos perigosos. O resultado da pesquisa é um plano de atendimento emergencial.Accidents involving the transportation of dangerous goods occur infrequently, on highways and affect not only their users but also the bordering populations and the environment, causing contamination and pollution, often spread by winds and rivers, with catastrophic consequences for the environment and human health. It is therefore a problem that requires not just actions of a corrective nature on the occasion of claims, but also preventive measures aimed at reducing the risks and consequences of striking. This work aims to become an instrument for preventive actions directed to government as a contribution in the safe transport of dangerous goods, on the north coast (São Sebastião and Caraguatatuba). The methodological approach of this work was secondary research in database CETESB more specifically on instruments from the Risk Management and Fault Tree Analysis methodology, this methodology is an integral part of studies of EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment, applied to transport of dangerous goods. The search result is a plan for emergency care.
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Šťastná, Barbora. "Vliv silničních záchytných systémů na počet a druh dopravních nehod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225924.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the master´s thesis is to analyze the types of road restraint systems, a description of testing road restraint systems and the use of wire rope safety fence in the Czech Republic and abroad. In addition, there is an analysis on the highway of R48 in the section Nový Jičín – Příbor and assessed in terms of the number and type of accidents in connection with wire rope safety fence.
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Slepánek, Petr. "Komplexní systém pro analýzu silničních nehod typu střet vozidla s motocyklem." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234310.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis describes the problems of a complex system for analysis of road accidents, specifically the methodology for solving the collision between vehicle and motorcycle. There are statistics described motorcycle accidents, motorcycle safety features, the basic types of collision positions between vehicles and motorcycles, design methodology for solving with traffic accidents between vehicles and motorcycles. The work is performed a set of different measurements used to supplement and refine the input data for the analysis of road accidents involving motorcycles. The work contains data obtained from measurements.
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Novák, Jan. "Analýza návrhových prvků okružních křižovatek v závislosti na nehodovost." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390280.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation deals with the analysis of roundabout design elements and their impact on accidents. The analysis objective was to identify the important elements of roundabouts that have impact on accidents. In order to achieve this goal, the multifactorial statistical safety assessment method was used on the basis of a representative sample of data, by developing several safety performance functions, verifying them and interpreting the result. Several design elements, which from the point of view of the traffic accident mechanism belong to the infrastructure factor, have been identified: AADT, average diameter, entrance width, entry angle, direct passage angle, location and many others. The original sample contained about 1200 roundabouts, which were reduced to 200 based on data availability. Accident frequencies were monitored between 2009 and 2016, i.e. for eight years, resulting in total 2674 roundabouts accidents. The result is an accident prediction model, developer based on roundabout approach design elements, and map of critical roundabouts, identified based on empirical Bayes estimate of accident frequency. Following approach parameters were identified: AADT, entry angle, distance between collision points, deviation of angles between approaches, presence of apron, presence of bypass, entry type, presence of pedestrian crossing and surrounding area type.
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Guerreiro, Thais de Cássia Martinelli. "Acidentalidade no transporte coletivo da cidade de São Carlos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-29092008-232017/.
Full textAbstract:
Neste trabalho é apresentado o resultado de estudo sobre a acidentalidade no transporte coletivo da cidade de São Carlos - Brasil, utilizando como fontes de informações os registros contidos em boletins de ocorrência de acidentes da polícia militar e em relatórios de ocorrências, elaborados pela empresa operadora do transporte coletivo, ambos relativos aos anos de 2005 e 2006. O método utilizado compreende as seguintes etapas: i) Coleta dos dados; ii) Processamento e sistematização dos dados; iii) Caracterização dos acidentes; iv) Análise das informações e preparação de diagnóstico; e, v) Elaboração de ações mitigadoras. O processamento e a sistematização dos dados foram realizados utilizando o Banco de Dados de Acidentes de Trânsito (BDAT) da cidade de São Carlos, ao passo que a caracterização foi realizada com foco na gravidade, tipologia, distribuição temporal e espacial dos acidentes. De forma a identificar os pontos, interseções, trechos e regiões críticas de ocorrência de acidentes de trânsito, utilizou-se um sistema de informação geográfica - SIG, aplicado à área de transportes. Como principais resultados obtiveram-se: i) maior ocorrência de acidentes que resultaram em danos materiais e de acidente do tipo colisão transversal; ii) acidentes que resultaram em vítimas não fatais ocorreram em maior número às sextas-feiras e os que resultaram em vítimas fatais aos finais de semana; iii) os acidentes encontraram-se espalhados por toda a cidade, com maior concentração no eixo norte-sul e próximo a pólos de serviços de saúde, dentre outros. As ações mitigadoras propostas foram de caráter geral, como por exemplo, melhoria da sinalização, realização de campanhas educativas, dentre outros; e de caráter específico, direcionada para o cruzamento que apresentou o maior número de acidente no período em estudo.This work presents the results of a study on accident occurrence in public transportation (buses) in the city of São Carlos - Brazil, using as information sources the records from police accident reports from the local police and accident reports performed by the company responsible for the public transportation (buses), both for calendar years 2005 and 2006. The method applied comprises the following steps: i) Data collection; ii) Processing and data systematization; iii) Accident characterization; iv) Information analysis and diagnosis preparation; and v) Development of mitigation actions. Processing and data systematization were carried out using Traffic Accident Database (BDAT) from the city of São Carlos, whereas characterization was done focusing on severity, typology, temporal and spatial distribution of accidents. Geographic information system (GIS) applied to transportation field was used to identify intersections, road stretches and critical areas of traffic accident occurrence. The main results obtained were: i) most accidents resulted in property damage and side impacts ii) most nonfatal accidents occurred in greater number on fridays and fatal ones on weekends ii) accidents took place throughout the city, with greater concentration on north-south routes and around heath care centers, among others. Proposed mitigation actions were of general nature, such as improvements to signals, educational campaigns, among others; and specific ones towards the intersection that presented the highest number of accidents during this study.
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Chmelíček, Daniel. "Srovnání analýz dopravní nehodovosti České republiky, Dánska a Švédska." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232591.
Full textAbstract:
This work deals with the analysis of traffic car-accidents in the Czech Republic, Sweden and Denmark. Excepting the analysis, it contains basic information and evaluation. Then in the final part is also given a proposal of measures to reduce car-accidents in the Czech Republic.
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Bucharles, Luciano Gardano Elias. "Critérios para avaliação pericial da macro e microtextura de pavimento asfáltico em local de acidente de trânsito." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-18092014-113432/.
Full textAbstract:
Muito embora a micro e a macrotextura dos pavimentos sejam importantes para o tráfego seguro, principalmente em condição de pista molhada e com velocidades superiores a 50 km/h, nos locais de acidentes de trânsito no Brasil esses parâmetros não são avaliados quando das perícias técnicas. Assim, o objetivo principal desta tese é estabelecer critérios de avaliação de pavimentos asfálticos que possam integrar um protocolo para a perícia técnica em locais de acidentes de trânsito. Foi baseada em coleta de dados de micro e de macrotextura dos revestimentos asfálticos em três rodovias no Estado do Paraná, num total de 106 locais, e em quatro vias urbanas na cidade de Londrina-PR, num total de 148 locais, todas com velocidades permitidas iguais ou superiores a 50 km/h, especificamente em trechos onde ocorreram acidentes de trânsito, o que permitiu a determinação da aderência na interface pneu/pavimento, se os valores encontram-se dentro das faixas de aceitabilidade do DNIT, da ANTT e da ARTESP e se houve efetiva contribuição do pavimento para a ocorrência e para a severidade dos acidentes. Dos 106 acidentes rodoviários analisados, em 19 deles as alturas médias de mancha de areia, parâmetro empregado para avaliar a macrotextura, apresentaram-se com valor inferior ao mínimo recomendado (0,60 mm), enquanto que dos 148 acidentes ocorridos em vias urbanas, 22 ocorreram em trechos com alturas médias de mancha de areia também inferiores ao valor mínimo recomendado. Nesses casos também foram realizados ensaios de microtextura, com uso do pêndulo britânico, e posteriormente foram calculados os valores do Índice de Atrito Pneu-Pavimento Internacional (International Friction Index, IFI). Os resultados e as análises deste trabalho indicam que uma melhor condição de macrotextura pode reduzir entre 6% e 19% as energias cinéticas envolvidas nos acidentes em rodovias e de 3% a 11% em vias urbanas, com real possibilidade de redução tanto das avarias produzidas nos veículos quanto, principalmente, das lesões nas vítimas. Dada a importância da micro e da macrotextura, recomenda-se que o protocolo de avaliação de pavimentos para perícias técnicas em locais de acidentes de trânsito em rodovias e em vias urbanas estabeleça a realização dos ensaios de Pêndulo Britânico e de Mancha de Areia em até 24 horas após o evento e que a área a ser levantada contemple toda a extensão das marcas de frenagem dos veículos envolvidos ou, no caso de inexistência de marcas, que compreenda uma extensão de 10 a 70 metros, respectivamente para vias com velocidade máxima permitida de 40 km/h e de 120 km/h. Espera-se, complementarmente, que um protocolo com critérios simples e objetivos, como o desenvolvido neste trabalho, permita a adoção de políticas públicas preventivas, de maior alcance e periodicidade, com as avaliações não somente nos trechos onde ocorrem acidentes, mas ao longo das vias.Although the micro and macro textures of pavements are important factors for safe driving, especially on wet tracks and with speeds above 50 km/h, such parameters are not even evaluated during technical inspections in traffic accident sites in Brazil. Thus, the main purpose of this thesis is to establish criteria for the evaluation of asphalt pavements that may become integral part of a protocol for technical inspection in traffic accident sites. This work is based on the collection of data concerning the micro and macro texture of asphalt pavements on three roads in the State of Paraná, totaling 106 locations, and on four urban streets in the city of Londrina, State of Paraná, totaling 148 locations. All such locations have a speed limit of equal to or higher than 50 km/h, especially on the sites where traffic accidents occurred, which allowed for the determination of the tire/pavement adherence, and whether the values found were in accordance with the acceptable levels established by DNIT, ANTT and ARTESP, and whether there was effective contribution on the part of the pavement for the occurrence as well as the severity of the accidents. Out of the 106 road accidents that were analyzed, it was observed that in 19 of them the average heights of the sand spot, a parameter used to evaluate the macro-texture, were lower than the minimum value recommended (0,60 mm), while out of the 148 accidents taken place in urban streets, 22 took place in areas where the average heights of the sand spot were also lower than the recommended minimum value. In the case of the accidents that occurred in places where the heights of the sand spots were lower than the minimum recommended, micro texture essays were also carried out by use of the British Pendulum Tester, and later the values of the International Friction Index (IFI) were calculated. The results and the analyzes of this work indicated that a better condition in the macro texture would reduce the kinetic energies involved in road accidents between 6% and 19%, and from 3% to 11% on urban streets, with the real possibility of minimizing both damages caused to the vehicles and especially the lesions on the victims. Given the importance of micro and macro textures, it is recommended that the protocol for the evaluation of pavements for the purpose of technical inspection in traffic accident sites both on roads and urban streets require the carrying out of the British Pendulum Tester and the Sand Spot within 24 hours of the time of the accident and that the area to be tested should include the entire extension of the braking skid marks of the vehicles involved in the accident, or, in the case of inexistence of such marks, covering 10 to 70 meters, respectively, for locations where the permitted maximum speed is 40 km/h, and for locations where the permitted maximum speed is 120 km/h. It is additionally expected that a protocol having simple yet objective criteria, such as the ones developed in this work, will allow for the adoption of preventive public policies, having greater scope and periodical applications, not only on sites where accidents take place, but also on the entirety of roads and streets.
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Ismail, Abeer. "Intérêt de la variabilité du rythme cardiaque comme marqueur de risque." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840217.
Full textAbstract:
La variabilité du rythme cardiaque " Heart Rate Variability (HRV) " consiste en des fluctuations perpétuelles du rythme cardiaque autour de sa fréquence moyenne. L'analyse de l'HRV constitue un biomarqueur du fonctionnement du système nerveux autonome (SNA), par l'intermédiaire de ses effets sur le cœur. De nombreuses études ont montré qu'une diminution de l'HRV est associée à un pronostic péjoratif, notamment dans le post infarctus et dans l'insuffisance cardiaque (IC). Nous nous sommes proposés d'élargir le champ d'investigation de l'HRV à de nouveaux domaines d'application, qu'il s'agisse de pathologies cardiaque ou extra cardiaque. Nous avons ciblé des contextes pathologiques dans lesquels le SNA joue un rôle important : 1-Accidents sur la Voie Publique (AVP) et le risque de développement d'un syndrome de stress post traumatique (PTSD). 2-Effet de la douleur et de l'analgésie péridurale sur l'HRV maternelle au cours de l'accouchement. 3-Lien avec les polymorphismes génétique des récepteurs bêta adrénergiques (β;-AR) chez des patients présentant une dysfonction ventriculaire gauche et implanté d'un défibrillateur automatique implantable (DAI) en prévention secondaire. L'analyse temporelle de l'HRV sur 24 heures est un facteur prédictif de survenue d'un PTSD et aussi de sa sévérité chez les victimes d'AVP. L'indice de variabilité est le meilleur paramètre prédictif de PTSD à 6 mois, avec une aire sous la courbe de 0.92 (IC 95% : 0.785; 1.046). Le seuil de 2.19% confère une sensibilité de 85,7 £ et une spécificité e 81.8 % pour prédire la survenue d'un PTSD. les valeurs prédictives positives et négatives sont de 75 % et 90 % respectivement. L'ANI, reflétant l'influence de la ventilation sur le rythme cardiaque, permet une mesure objective de la douleur chez les parturientes. Enfin, les patients ayant subi les substitutions Arg (pour Gly) en 16 et Gln (pour Glu) en 27 pour les récepteurs β2-AR, présentent une HRV plus faible que les patients ayant la forme sauvage du gène.
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Podola, David. "Systém pro asistenci při nepřehledných dopravních situacích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400960.
Full textAbstract:
T-intersections are one of the most common places where collisions happen. An intelligent traffic mirror is one the possible solutions to reduce the accident rate. The mirror detects the situation around the intersection, process the data and provides the driver with an information, whether the situation is safe and the driver can enter the junction safely. The aim of the thesis is a feasibility study of reliable detection of non-stationary objects based on cameras. The core of the intended product – the detection algorithm – detected the object on short distance from the camera reliably but as the distance was growing, the detection quality degraded. One of the possible solutions to achieve better detection results on longer distances may be achieved by using a camera with greater zoom. Based on the example improvement proposal, the feasibility of the solution based on optical methods was finally confirmed.
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Špaček, Jan. "Bezpečnostní inspekce v kraji Vysočina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392158.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a safety inspection in selected places in the Vysocina region of the Czech Republic. Six intersections in rural and municipal areas, plus three rural road sections were selected for the inspection and an accident rate analysis. The places selected were compared in terms of the accident rate and one case of each group was then selected for a detailed safety inspection encompassing visual inspection and identification of possible hazards. By eliminating such safety hazards, it is possible to ensure a traffic fluency and to preclude traffic accidents or at least minimize the harm caused by it.
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Smělý, Martin. "Návrhové prvky turbo-okružních křižovatek." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355603.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation describes new methodology of design turbo-roundabouts in Czech Republic. Especially innovative is approach to the design of traffic lanes with regards to standard vehicles and widening of traffic lanes according to their dimensions. Innovative is also approach to road signs, where details of current signs are modified, however, these details are important for drivers’ better understanding while driving through turbo-roundabouts. Dissertation fills legislative, but also technical, blank spot during turbo-roundabouts design and I believe that it will benefit particularly designers of these intersections.
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Belák, Michal. "Zjištění doby potřebné pro řidiče k vyhodnocení situace za vozidlem při odbočování a předjíždění." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433153.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation thesis deals mainly with determining of the duration that driver needs to assess the situation behind his vehicle at manoeuvers of turning and overtaking, based on the measurements made in real road traffic. These are common and frequent driving manoeuvers, which the driver performs while driving the vehicle in regular road traffic. For their safe execution the driver needs to have sufficient amount of information about the situation around the vehicle and especially behind the vehicle. This information can driver usually gain from devices for indirect vision, most often rear view mirrors. The time thus defined, suitable e.g for the needs of forensic engineering applications for the analysis of road accidents, has not been studied in detail yet. For the purpose of its determination, therefore, an extensive analysis of the current state of problematics related to the indirect vision from the vehicle was carried out. There were formulated influences on the time duration and with this related characteristics of humans as a part of the driver-vehicle-environment system in the thesis. The characteristics of human perception were investigated and the problematics of reaction time was discussed. Existing research focused on the duration of rear view mirrors glances was analyzed and possible methods of its measurement in detail were presented by author. Based on this, an experiment was designed and realized, the time necessary for rear view mirror glances was defined by the author. The results enable to quantify the time that the driver needs for assessing the situation behind the vehicle in connection of turning, overtaking and other driving manoeuvers when the driver needs to change the driving direction. The conclusions showed that the time needed to evaluate the situation behind the vehicle by means of the rear-view mirrors does not normally exceed duration 1 second.
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Shaikh, al arab Abeer. "Intérêt de la variabilité du rythme cardiaque comme marqueur de risque." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S005.
Full textAbstract:
La variabilité du rythme cardiaque « Heart Rate Variability (HRV) » consiste en des fluctuations perpétuelles du rythme cardiaque autour de sa fréquence moyenne. L’analyse de l’HRV constitue un biomarqueur du fonctionnement du système nerveux autonome (SNA), par l’intermédiaire de ses effets sur le cœur. De nombreuses études ont montré qu’une diminution de l’HRV est associée à un pronostic péjoratif, notamment dans le post infarctus et dans l’insuffisance cardiaque (IC). Nous nous sommes proposés d’élargir le champ d’investigation de l’HRV à de nouveaux domaines d’application, qu'il s'agisse de pathologies cardiaque ou extra cardiaque. Nous avons ciblé des contextes pathologiques dans lesquels le SNA joue un rôle important : 1-Accidents sur la Voie Publique (AVP) et le risque de développement d’un syndrome de stress post traumatique (PTSD). 2-Effet de la douleur et de l’analgésie péridurale sur l’HRV maternelle au cours de l’accouchement. 3-Lien avec les polymorphismes génétique des récepteurs bêta adrénergiques (β;-AR) chez des patients présentant une dysfonction ventriculaire gauche et implanté d’un défibrillateur automatique implantable (DAI) en prévention secondaire. L'analyse temporelle de l'HRV sur 24 heures est un facteur prédictif de survenue d'un PTSD et aussi de sa sévérité chez les victimes d'AVP. L'indice de variabilité est le meilleur paramètre prédictif de PTSD à 6 mois, avec une aire sous la courbe de 0.92 (IC 95% : 0.785; 1.046). Le seuil de 2.19% confère une sensibilité de 85,7 £ et une spécificité e 81.8 % pour prédire la survenue d'un PTSD. les valeurs prédictives positives et négatives sont de 75 % et 90 % respectivement. L'ANI, reflétant l'influence de la ventilation sur le rythme cardiaque, permet une mesure objective de la douleur chez les parturientes. Enfin, les patients ayant subi les substitutions Arg (pour Gly) en 16 et Gln (pour Glu) en 27 pour les récepteurs β2-AR, présentent une HRV plus faible que les patients ayant la forme sauvage du gèneThe heart rate variability (HRV) has arisen as a promising simple and non invasive biomarker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, through its effects on the heart. Multiple studies have shown that the decrease in the HRV is associated usually with poor prognosis. We proposed to further investigate the HRV in other domains of clinical application, including cardiac or extra-cardiac pathologies. In particular, the pathological contexts in which the ANS plays an important role :1-Traffic road accident (RTA) and the risk of development of post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in survivors.2-Effect of pain and of epidural analgesia on maternal HRV during childbirth.3-Genetic polymorphisms of beta adrenergic receptors (β-AR) in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for secondary prevention. At first, our study is the first to show that the temporal analysis of 24-h HRV is not only a predictive factor of the occurrence of PTSD but also its severity among victims of RTA AVP. The variability index was the best predictor of PTSD with the area under the receiver-operating curve for discriminating PTSD at 6 month at 0.92 (95% CI:0.785;1.046). Acut-off at 2.19% yielded a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 81.8% for PTSD. Positive and negative predictive values were respectively 75% and 90%. At next, we showed that the ANI, which reflects the influence of ventilation on heart rate, allows an objective measure of pain in conscious subjects? At last, we found that patients with the substitutions Arg (instead of Gly) at position 16 and Gln (instead of Glu) at position 27 for β2-AR have a lower HRV value than patients with wild type receptor
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Mphekgwana, Modupi Peter. "Analysis of road traffic accidents in Limpopo Province using generalized linear modelling." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3483.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Sc. (Statistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020Background: Death and economic losses due to road traffic accidents (RTA) are huge global public health and developmental problems and need urgent attention. Each year nearly 1.24 million people die and millions suffer various forms of disability as a result of road accidents. This puts road traffic injuries (RTIs) as the eighth leading cause of death globally and RTIs are set to become the fifth leading cause of death worldwide by the year 2030 unless urgent actions are taken. Aim: In this paper, we investigate factors that contribute to road traffic deaths (RTDs) in the Limpopo province of South Africa using models such as the generalized linear models (GLM) and zero inflated models. Methods: The study was based on retrospective data that comprised of reports of 18,029 road traffic accidents and 4,944 road traffic deaths over the years 2009 – 2015. Generalized linear modelling and zero-inflated models were used to identify factors and determine their relationships to RTDs. Results: The data was split into two categories: deaths that occurred during holidays and those that occurred during non-holiday periods. It was found that the following variables, namely, Monday, human actions, vehicle conditions and vehicle makes, were significant predictors of RTDs during holidays. On the other hand, during non-holiday periods, weekend, Tuesday, Wednesday, national road, provincial road, sedan, LDV, combi and bus were found to be significant predictors of road traffic deaths. Conclusion: GLM techniques, such as the standard Poisson regression model and the negative binomial (NB) model, did little to explain the zero excess, therefore, zero-inflated models, such as zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB), were found to be useful in explaining excess zeros. Recommendation: The study recommends that the government should make more human power available during the festive seasons, such as the December holidays, and over weekends.
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Modak, Anagha Gurunath. "Road Accident Reconstruction and Simulation With and Without EDR Data." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2629.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Road accident reconstruction and simulation investigates the accident causes, suggests improvements in vehicle design and investigates failures in vehicle control and safety systems such as the anti-lock brake system (ABS) and air-bag deployment. This thesis focuses on analysis of crash data from vehicles not equipped with collision warning systems. Vehicle parameters before and during an accident can be recorded using an Event Data Recorder (EDR) which helps in reconstructing an accident. This tool, installed in the vehicle, records different crash parameters like vehicle speed, lateral and longitudinal acceleration, seat-belt status, and air-bag deployment over a period that spens the accident. This thesis focuses on accident reconstruction with and without EDR data. A simulation software tool called HVE is used to visually recreate the reconstructed accidents. HVE is a platform to execute different accident simulation methods which are used for specific types of simulations. Two such simulation methods, EDSMAC4 and EDHIS, are discussed in this thesis. The former is an important method for vehicle-to-vehicle collisions and the latter is used for analysis of human behavior involved in the accident. Three real-life accidents were chosen for reconstruction and simulation. They were Bus and Car accident, Three Vehicle accident and Intersection accident. These particular accidents were chosen to represent a diverse selection of accidents based on the following parameters: the locations of the accidents, the vehicles involved in each accident, and the data available. A qualitative analysis of vehicle occupant's behavior is also presented for one of the three accidents. The thesis discusses in detail the reconstruction of these three accidents. Throughout these simulations, the thesis illustrates the advantages and limitations of the EDR and HVE simulation software for accident reconstruction and simulation.
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Lee, Chih-Sheng, and 李志昇. "Road Traffic Information System：A Study on Prototype Development of Road Structure Editing, Traffic Accident Diagram, and Relevant Information Retrieval." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t46vp4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
101
In this research, we developed a prototype of road traffic network and accident processing information system which focuses on the design and development of road structure editing subsystem, traffic accident diagram subsystem, and relevant information retrieval subsystem for facilitating and unifying the digitalization of traffic accident diagram. Currently, most traffic accident diagrams are drawn manually, making presented information error-prone, inaccurate and unreliable. Also, inconsistent description of accident facts result in an incomplete statistics analysis which helps no further improvement made effectively. Nowadays, mobile devices such as pad are robust and durable, and convenient and friendly for user interactions. We develop a road structure editing system to construct a number of types of road structure. While editing an accident diagram, the road network is quickly built, road type is effectively shown, and the accident diagram is flexibly illustrated for the description of accident with high accuracy. Furthermore, all data will be stored in a unified and consistent manner so as to help analysis for any improvement in the future. Our major contribution is to show the feasibility and practicability of the development of road traffic network and accident processing information system. Based on our research result, the whole system could be implemented without doubt and once the system built, many analyses could be made and many applications could be fulfilled.
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Lu, Tsung-Hsueh, and 呂宗學. "A Study of Relationships between Income and Road Traffic Accident Mortality." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22003034374017545706.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
衛生政策與管理研究所
94
BACKGROUND: Cross-national time series studies reveal that the relationships between income and motor vehicle accident (MVA) mortality is non-linear: during initial stages of economic developments, a positive correlation is found. The correlation decreases when the income increases. When the income raises to a certain level, the association become negative. Nevertheless, no study examined the relationship using cross-county level time series data and assess the effects of road safety interventions on the relationships. OBJECTIVES: First, to determine the pattern of changes in relationships between income and MVA mortality in Taiwan at both country and county level. Second, to identify the main determinats resulting the changes in the relationships. Third, to reveal if the pattern of changes in the relationships differed between high and low developed areas. Fourth, evaluate the impacts of mandatory helmet law launched in 1997 on the relationships between income and MVA mortality. METHODS: Per capita gross domestic products (GDP) and disposable household income was used as the proxy of country and county income respectively. Both data were from Bureau of Budge and Accounting, Taiwan. MVA mortality data were extracted from Department of Health, Taiwan. Relationships between income and MVA mortality were assess by income group differences, coefficiency derived from Poisson generalized equation estimation (GEE) linear model and predicted mortality based on generalized added non-linear model (GAM). Stages of economic development were stratified by years, income level and areal development level. RESULTS: The association between income and MVA mortality at initial development stage was positive at country level. The level of association decreased when income level increased. The association became negative when the per capita GDP over 6,223 US$ (1988). The negative association, however, disappeared when per capita GDP over 13,413 US$ (1997). The pattern of changes in relationships between income and MVA mortality at county level was similar. The turningpoint of mortality changes occurred when household disposable income at 470 thousands NT$ (1989). Similarly, the negative relationship decreased in 2001-2004. Before 1988, household disposable income was the most significant determinant explaining the MVA mortality at county level. Level of education became the most important determinat after 1988. Changes in relationships between income and MVA mortality was mainly due to changes in relationships between income and exposure (motorization, vehicles per 1000 population). The income level of which the MVA mortality decline was lower in low developed areas (430 thousands NT$) than in high developed areas (470 thousands NT$). When the years of which the relationships were negative in high developed areas, the relationships were still positive in low developed areas. The MVA mortality significantly decreased after the launch of mandatory helmet law in 1997 in both high and low developed areas. Nevertheless, the relationship between income and MVA mortality became non-significant in low developed areas after 1997. CONCLUSIONS: Taiwan as a late comer of economic development in the age of globalization, when income level was the same between Taiwan and those highly developed countries (maybe thirty or forty years ago), the motor vehicle, road infrastructure and measures of transportation consumed by people in Taiwan would be safer than those in highly developed countries. Therefore, the MVA mortality was not fatally determined by income, the increasing MVA mortality trends could decrease at lower income level than expected. One of the features in Taiwan was that the road safety adaptation behavior and concepts could be diffused easily compared with many large scale countries. In addition, the most of construction of road infrastructure and road safety measures were centralized. The MVA mortality in county level was not fatally determined by income either. The increasing MVA mortality trends could decrease at lower income level than expected in low developed areas.