Relevant bibliographies by topics / Road traffic simulation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Road traffic simulation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 October 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Road traffic simulation"

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Iliescu, Mihai, and Dorin Barbinta. "Aspects Regarding Road Traffic Simulation." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2013/45.

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Tapani, Andreas. "Versatile Model for Simulation of Rural Road Traffic." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1934, no. 1 (January 2005): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193400118.

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In many countries the road mileage is dominated by rural highways. For that reason it is important to have access to efficient tools for evaluation of the performance of such roads. For other road types, e.g., freeways and urban street networks, a wealth of microsimulation models is available. However, only a few models dedicated to rural roads have been developed. None of these models handles traffic flows interrupted by intersections or roundabouts, nor are the models capable of describing the traffic flow on rural roads with a cable barrier between oncoming lanes. These are major drawbacks when Swedish roads, on which cable barriers and roundabouts are becoming increasingly important, are modeled. Moreover, as new areas of application for rural road simulation arise, a flexible and detailed model is needed. Such applications include, among other things, simulation of driver assistance systems and estimation of pollutant emissions. This paper introduces a versatile traffic microsimulation model for the rural roads of today and of the future. The model system presented, the Rural Traffic Simulator (RuTSim), is capable of handling all common types of rural roads, including the effects of roundabouts and intersections on the traffic on the main road. The purpose of the paper is to describe the simulation approach and the traffic modeling used in RuTSim. A verification of the RuTSim model is also included. RuTSim is found to produce outputs representative of all common types of rural roads in Sweden.
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Prakash, Akula, Rathod Ravinder, A. Vittalaiah, Sai Krishna Munipally, and Mohammed H. Al-Farouni. "VISSIM Based Traffic Flow Simulation Analysis on Road Network." E3S Web of Conferences 529 (2024): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452903009.

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The urban transport system is a heterogeneous system and is in serious trouble. Traffic congestion has become a major socio-economic problem in both urban and rural areas. Traffic congestion is managed through signage, interchanges, and road widening. Traffic analysis remains a difficult task, especially in countries like India where the number of vehicles is constantly increasing and the roads are increasingly busy, because it is difficult to generate alternatives. Traffic simulation systems such as PTV VISSIM are tools dedicated to the analysis of traffic problems. VISSIM is a simulation software that is widely used to create simulations in dynamic traffic situations before evaluating traffic conditions and creating a realistic plan. Dynamic simulation of traffic flow using VISSIM and appropriate techniques to reduce traffic congestion. The main objective is to examine the study area and prepare a sample for it to find out the root causes of the traffic problem and give the necessary suggestions to solve the problem.
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Li, Yun Han, Chang Qing Zheng, Chun Fu Shao, and Han Deng. "UC-Win/Road Simulation Systems Application to Domestic Simulation of Road Traffic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 1219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.1219.

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In recent years, a promising software which is called UC-win/road has been playing a major role in Chinese traffic simulation research. It is mainly applied in traffic planning and design, road and landscape simulation, and transportation environmental assessment. In this article, firstly, a brief description of the software will be introduced. Secondly, the possible problems which might be generated in road traffic simulation will be given. Finally, one case study will be shown in detail and the future of the software in China will be prospected.
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Yang, Zhen, Ruiping Zheng, Gang Wang, and Kefu Zhou. "A Dynamic Road Network Model for Coupling Simulation of Highway Infrastructure Performance and Traffic State." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 11521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811521.

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The state of the road network contains both the infrastructure performance and the traffic operation state of the road network. There is a strong coupling between the decay of the infrastructure performance and the redistribution of the traffic flow on the road network. In this paper, a dynamic road network description model is proposed to apply to the couple simulation of highway network infrastructure performance and traffic state. First, a road network description model is constructed by associating the highway network topology with state attributes. The topology contains traffic information and is dynamically editable. Then, a dynamic road network model is proposed that can dynamically represent the changes in local connectivity relationships caused by traffic control, such as lane/ramp closures and turning restrictions in actual roads due to construction operations and access to the state of multi-scale spatio-temporal road networks. It overcomes the defects of the existing road network model, which is difficult to apply to the analysis of service performance and traffic state of the road network in different periods. Finally, the application of the dynamic road network model in the highway network coupled simulation system (HNCS) is completed, which provides a method for improving the efficiency and accuracy of large-scale highway network traffic simulation and highway infrastructure performance prediction.
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Liu, Yang, and Yunxue Song. "Research on simulation and optimization of road traffic flow based on Anylogic." E3S Web of Conferences 360 (2022): 01070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236001070.

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With the development of urban roads and the growth of traffic flow, large-scale congestion often occurs. The long time-consuming urban road traffic makes drivers very annoying. This is the main reason for using simulation tools to analyze and optimize urban road traffic flow. Intelligent body modeling and simulation has been regarded as a reliable and powerful tool in the field of traffic simulation. This paper uses Anylogic software based on intelligent modeling and simulation to solve the traffic flow optimization problem in a congested area in Tianjin. The simulation results show that by changing the display time of the traffic lights in the road network, the vehicle travel time in the system is reduced from 145.46 seconds to 132.31 seconds. After 300 iterations of experiments, it was determined that the vehicle’s travel time in the system reached the optimum when iterated 73 times.
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Ji, Ke, Jinjun Tang, Min Li, and Cheng Hu. "Distributed Traffic Control Based on Road Network Partitioning Using Normalization Algorithm." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (July 21, 2023): 11378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151411378.

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With continuous economic development, most urban road networks are facing unprecedented traffic congestion. Centralized traffic control is difficult to achieve, and distributed traffic control based on partitioning a road network into subnetworks is a promising way to alleviate traffic pressure on urban roads. In order to study the differences between different partitioning methods chosen for distributed traffic control, we used the normalization algorithm to partition a part of the road network in Changsha City, and we used the results of the Girvan–Newman algorithm and the manual empirical partitioning method as a control group. Meanwhile, an abstract road network was constructed using VISSIM simulation software based on realistic road network parameters. And then, the different partitioning results were applied to the simulated road network to analyze the control effect. The results of the simulation software show that different partitioning methods have different effects on traffic control at subnetwork boundaries and improve traffic pressure to different degrees. Partitioning the road network into four subnetworks provided the greatest degree of traffic improvement. Overall, the proposed distributed traffic control method effectively improved operational efficiency and alleviated the traffic pressure of the road network.
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Kaixi, Yang, and Li Meiqi. "Traffic Simulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Adjacent Intersections Based on VISSIM Model." Applied Science and Innovative Research 4, no. 2 (May 21, 2020): p53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/asir.v4n2p53.

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This paper mainly aims at alleviating the traffic congestion on urban roads and analyzes the traffic at adjacent intersections. First, the paper briefly introduced the VISSIM model, and then selected the traffic situation at the intersection of Weibin road and Fengcheng first road and the intersection of Weibin road and Fengcheng second road in Weiyang district of Xi’an city as research objects to simulate. Fanally, on the premise of basic meet the actual conditions, the optimization of channelization and signal timing at the intersection reduces the maximum queue length and the average stopping times of vehicles, so that the traffic of the section can run efficiently and smoothly, and provides an effective experiment for the optimization of the intersection.
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Musri S, M. Ali, Siti Fatimah, and Saiful Anwar Matondang. "Simulation Model to Reduce the Traffic Jams with a Stochastic Program." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 18 (January 7, 2022): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2022.18.5.

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Traffic congestion needs a simulation model to reduce its effects on traffics jams and pollution. The traffic cessation caused by the large number of vehicles exceeding the capacity of the road users. This study applied a stochastic program to the traffic congestion; it causes most of the working hours to be spent on roads that indirectly place a negative impact on economic growth. It also causes serious air pollution that will worsen the overall environmental condition. Data obtained show the factors causing traffic congestion in the city of Medan and with approach the stochastic program model used to solve this problem. Data indicated that there are four factors causing traffic congestion in Medan, which are non-growth of road, economic growth, population growth, and increase of motor vehicle.Population factor; the existence of good population growth caused by natural and migration growth. It concludes that the traffic jams are due to the socio-economic factors; namely the development of community business activities. Also socio-cultural factors; the existence of changes in the pattern of life and public order due to outside influences, communication, and information systems.
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Voumard, J., O. Caspar, M. H. Derron, and M. Jaboyedoff. "Dynamic risk simulation to assess risk along roads." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 2 (April 17, 2013): 1285–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-1285-2013.

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Abstract. Risk generated by natural hazards on roads is usually calculated with equations integrating various parameters related to hazard and traffic. These are static variables, like a rockfall hazard estimation for a road section or the average number of vehicles crossing this section every day. This methodology cannot take into account dynamic variations of traffic and interactions between vehicles such as speed modifications due to the sinuosity, slowdowns resulting of saturated traffic or vehicles columns forming in front of traffic lights. The influence of traffic dynamics on the risk estimation is not assessed with standard methodologies. Here we show, by mean of a dynamic traffic simulator, that the traffic variations may greatly influence the risk estimation over time. The risk is analysed on several alpine road sections in Switzerland using a dynamic vehicles approach and compared with the results of the static methodology. It demonstrates that risk significantly increases on sinuous sections because of the decreasing of vehicles speed. A more realistic risk can be obtained from a dynamic approach especially on mountain roads. A dynamic traffic simulator, modelling interactions between vehicles is a helpful tool to support decision making to reduce risk on roads.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Road traffic simulation"

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Igbe, Damian. "Dynamic load balancing of parallel road traffic simulation." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2010. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/90644/dynamic-load-balancing-of-parallel-road-traffic-simulation.

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The objective of this research was to investigate, develop and evaluate dynamic load-balancing strategies for parallel execution of microscopic road traffic simulations. Urban road traffic simulation presents irregular, and dynamically varying distributed computational load for a parallel processor system. The dynamic nature of road traffic simulation systems lead to uneven load distribution during simulation, even for a system that starts off with even load distributions. Load balancing is a potential way of achieving improved performance by reallocating work from highly loaded processors to lightly loaded processors leading to a reduction in the overall computational time. In dynamic load balancing, workloads are adjusted continually or periodically throughout the computation. In this thesis load balancing strategies were evaluated and some load balancing policies developed. A load index and a profitability determination algorithms were developed. These were used to enhance two load balancing algorithms. One of the algorithms exhibits local communications and distributed load evaluation between the neighbour partitions (diffusion algorithm) and the other algorithm exhibits both local and global communications while the decision making is centralized (MaS algorithm). The enhanced algorithms were implemented and synthesized with a research parallel traffic simulation. The performance of the research parallel traffic simulator, optimized with the two modified dynamic load balancing strategies were studied.
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Wilson, Richard Edward. "Modelling, analysis and simulation of road traffic networks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268101.

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Axelsson, Eva, and Therese Wilson. "Microscopic simulation as an evaluation tool for the road safety of vulnerable road users." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130010.

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Traffic safety has traditionally been measured by analyzing historical accident data, which is a reactive method where a certain number of accidents must occur in order to identify the safety problem. An alternative safety assessment method is to use proximal safety indicators that are defined as measures of accident proximity, which is considered a proactive method. With this method it is possible to detect the safety problem before the accidents have happened. To be able to detect problems in traffic situations in general, microscopic simulation is commonly used. In these models it may be possible to generate representative near-accidents, measured by proximal safety indicator techniques. A benefit of this would be the possibility to experiment with different road designs and evaluate the traffic safety level before reconstructions of the road infrastructure. Therefore has an investigation been performed to test the possibility to identify near-accidents (conflicts) in a microscopic simulation model mimicking the Traffic Conflict Technique developed by Hydén (1987). In order to perform the investigation a case study has been used where an intersection in the city center of Stockholm was studied. The intersection has been rebuilt, which made it possible to perform a before and after study. For the previous design there was a traffic safety assessment available which was carried out using the Traffic Conflict Technique. Microscopic simulation models representing the different designs of the intersection were built in PTV Vissim. In order to evaluate and measure the traffic safety in reality as well as in the microscopic simulation models, a traffic safety assessment was performed in each case. The traffic safety assessment in field for the present design was carried out as a part of this thesis. The main focus of this thesis was the road safety for vulnerable road users. The method to identify conflicts in the simulation model has been to extract raw data output from the simulation model and thereafter process this data in a Matlab program, aiming to mimic the Traffic Conflict Technique. The same program and procedure was used for both the previous and the present design of the intersection. The results from the traffic safety assessment in the simulation model have been compared to the results from the field study in order to evaluate how well microscopic simulation works as an evaluation tool for traffic safety in new designs. The comparison shows that the two methods of conflict identification cannot replace each other straight off. But with awareness of the differences between the methods, the simulation model could be used as an indication when evaluating the level of traffic safety in a road design.
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Zhao, Qiang. "Multi-model based simulation in the reconstruction of road traffic accident." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500371.

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A Synthetic Traffic SIMluation (ST-SIM) framework is constructed in this project. The framework provides a computer-based platform for traffic research, consisting of three modules: Driver Behaviour, Vehicle Dynamics, and Road Network modelling. Based on these models, ST-SIM can construct and simulate a broad range of traffic scenarios, including accidents. The research in this project has concentrated on the contribution of driver behaviour to the formation of normal traffic and traffic failure, ST-SIM has been designed and implemented using Agent-based modelling techniques. The software has been validated using simulator based driver collision avoidance behaviour from TRL and applied to help the accident reconstruction work of On-The-Spot (OTS) team in the UK.
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Moukir, Sara. "High performance analysis for road traffic control." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG039.

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La réduction des temps de trajet et de la consommation d'énergie dans les réseaux routiers urbains est cruciale pour le bien-être collectif et la durabilité environnementale. Depuis les années 1950, la modélisation du trafic a été un axe central de la recherche. Avec l'évolution des capacités informatiques, des simulations sophistiquées représentant fidèlement les complexités du trafic routier ont émergé, essentielles pour évaluer les technologies sans perturber le trafic réel.Les systèmes de transport deviennent plus complexes avec des informations en temps réel, nécessitant des modèles de simulation adaptés. Les simulations multi-agents, analysant les comportements individuels dans un environnement dynamique, sont particulièrement efficaces pour cette tâche, permettant de comprendre et de gérer le trafic urbain en représentant les interactions entre les voyageurs et leur environnement.Simuler de grandes populations de voyageurs dans les villes a longtemps été une tâche exigeante en termes de ressources informatiques. Les technologies avancées permettant la distribution des calculs sur plusieurs ordinateurs ont ouvert de nouvelles possibilités. Cependant, de nombreux simulateurs de mobilité urbaine n'exploitent pas pleinement ces architectures distribuées, limitant leur capacité à modéliser des scénarios complexes.L'objectif principal de cette recherche est d'améliorer la performance algorithmique et computationnelle des simulateurs de mobilité. Nous développons et validons des modèles de distribution génériques et reproductibles pouvant être adoptés par divers simulateurs de mobilité multi-agents, surmontant ainsi les barrières techniques pour analyser les systèmes de transport complexes dans des environnements urbains dynamiques.Nous utilisons le simulateur de trafic MATSim, reconnu pour la simulation de trafic multi-agents, pour tester nos méthodes génériques. Notre première contribution applique l'approche "Unite and Conquer" (UC) à MATSim. Cette méthode accélère les simulations en exploitant les architectures informatiques modernes. L'approche multiMATSim réplique plusieurs instances de MATSim sur plusieurs nœuds de calcul avec des communications périodiques, chaque instance fonctionnant sur un nœud séparé, utilisant les capacités de multithreading de MATSim pour améliorer le parallélisme. La synchronisation périodique assure la cohérence des données, tandis que les mécanismes de tolérance aux pannes permettent à la simulation de se poursuivre même en cas d'échec de certaines instances. Cette approche optimise l'utilisation des ressources informatiques selon les capacités spécifiques de chaque nœud.La deuxième contribution explore les techniques d'intelligence artificielle pour accélérer la simulation. Nous utilisons des réseaux de neurones profonds pour prédire les résultats des simulations MATSim. Initialement mise en œuvre sur un seul nœud, cette approche de preuve de concept utilise efficacement les ressources CPU disponibles. Les réseaux de neurones sont entraînés sur des données de simulations précédentes pour prédire des indicateurs tels que les temps de trajet et les niveaux de congestion. Les résultats sont comparés à ceux de MATSim pour évaluer leur précision. Cette approche est conçue pour évoluer avec des plans futurs pour une formation distribuée sur plusieurs nœuds.En résumé, nos contributions fournissent de nouvelles variantes algorithmiques et explorent l'intégration du calcul haute performance et de l'IA dans les simulateurs de trafic multi-agents. Nous démontrons l'impact de ces modèles et technologies sur la simulation de trafic, en abordant les défis et les limites de leur mise en œuvre. Notre travail met en évidence les avantages des architectures émergentes et des nouveaux concepts algorithmiques pour améliorer la robustesse et la performance des simulateurs de trafic, avec des résultats prometteurs
The need to reduce travel times and energy consumption in urban road networks is critical for improving collective well-being and environmental sustainability. Since the 1950s, traffic modeling has been a central research focus. With the rapid evolution of computing capabilities in the 21st century, sophisticated digital simulations have emerged, accurately depicting road traffic complexities. Mobility simulations are essential for assessing emerging technologies like cooperative systems and dynamic GPS navigation without disrupting real traffic.As transport systems become more complex with real-time information, simulation models must adapt. Multi-agent simulations, which analyze individual behaviors within a dynamic environment, are particularly suited for this task. These simulations help understand and manage urban traffic by representing interactions between travelers and their environment.Simulating large populations of travelers in cities, potentially millions of individuals, has historically been computationally demanding. Advanced computer technologies allowing distributed calculations across multiple computers have opened new possibilities. However, many urban mobility simulators do not fully exploit these distributed architectures, limiting their ability to model complex scenarios involving many travelers and extensive networks.The main objective of this research is to improve the algorithmic and computational performance of mobility simulators. We aim to develop and validate generic and reproducible distribution models that can be adopted by various multi-agent mobility simulators. This approach seeks to overcome technical barriers and provide a solid foundation for analyzing complex transport systems in dynamic urban environments.Our research leverages the MATSim traffic simulator due to its flexibility and open structure. MATSim is widely recognized in the literature for multi-agent traffic simulation, making it an ideal candidate to test our generic methods.Our first contribution applies the "Unite and Conquer" (UC) approach to MATSim. This method accelerates simulation speed by leveraging modern computing architectures. The multiMATSim approach involves replicating several MATSim instances across multiple computing nodes with periodic communications. Each instance runs on a separate node, utilizing MATSim's native multithreading capabilities to enhance parallelism. Periodic synchronization ensures data consistency, while fault tolerance mechanisms allow the simulation to continue smoothly even if some instances fail. This approach efficiently uses diverse computational resources based on each node's specific capabilities.The second contribution explores artificial intelligence techniques to expedite the simulation process. Specifically, we use deep neural networks to predict MATSim simulation outcomes. Initially implemented on a single node, this proof-of-concept approach efficiently uses available CPU resources. Neural networks are trained on data from previous simulations to predict key metrics like travel times and congestion levels. The outputs are compared to MATSim results to assess accuracy. This approach is designed to scale, with future plans for distributed neural network training across multiple nodes.In summary, our contributions provide new algorithmic variants and explore integrating high-performance computing and AI into multi-agent traffic simulators. We aim to demonstrate the impact of these models and technologies on traffic simulation, addressing the challenges and limitations of their implementation. Our work highlights the benefits of emerging architectures and new algorithmic concepts for enhancing the robustness and performance of traffic simulators, presenting promising results
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Mashaoo, D. "Improvement of expert analysis for road traffic accidents using computer simulation programs." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14622.

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Chatterjee, Indrajit Edara Praveen K. "Replication of freeway work zone capacity values in a microscopic simulation model." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6287.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb. 12, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Praveen K. Edara. Includes bibliographical references.
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Tapani, Andreas. "A Traffic Simulation Modeling Framework for Rural Highways." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4803.

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Rahimi, Mostafa. "Modeling and simulation of vehicle emissions for the reduction of road traffic pollution." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/365449.

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The transportation sector is responsible for the majority of airborne particles and global energy consumption in urban areas. Its role in generating air pollution in urban areas is even more critical, as many visitors, commuters and citizens travel there daily for various reasons. Emissions released by transport fleets have an exhaust (tailpipe) and a non-exhaust (brake wears ) origin. Both exhaust and non-exhaust airborne particles can have destructive effects on the human cardiovascular and respiratory systems and even lead to premature deaths. This dissertation aims to estimate the amount of exhaust and brake emissions in a real case study by proposing an innovative methodology. For this purpose, different levels of study have been introduced, including the subsystem level, the system level, the environmental level and the suprasystem level. To address these levels, two approaches were proposed along with a data collection process. First, a comprehensive field survey was conducted in the area of Buonconsiglio Castle and data was collected on traffic and non-traffic during peak hours. Then, in the first approach, a state-of-the-art simulation-based method was presented to estimate the amount of exhaust emissions generated and the rate of fuel consumption in the case study using the VISSIM traffic microsimulation software and Enviver emission modeler at the suprasystem level. In order to calculate the results under different mobility conditions, a total of 18 scenarios were defined based on changes in vehicle speeds and the share of heavy vehicles (HV%) in the modal split. Subsequently, the scenarios were accurately modelled in the simulation software VISSIM and repeated 30 times with a simulation runtime of three hours. The results of the first approach confirmed the simultaneous effects of considering vehicle speed and HV % on fuel consumption and the amount of exhaust emissions generated. Furthermore, the sensitivity of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption to variations in vehicle speed was found to be much higher than HV %. In other words, the production of NOx and VOC emissions can be increased by up to 20 % by increasing the maximum speed of vehicles by 10 km/h. Conversely, increasing the HV percentage at the same speed does not seem to produce a significant change. Furthermore, increasing the speed from 30 km/h to 50 km/h increased CO emissions and fuel consumption by up to 33%. Similarly, a reduction in speed of 20 or 10 km/h with a 100% increase in HV resulted in a 40% and 27% decrease in exhaust emissions per seat, respectively. In the second approach, a novel methodology was proposed to estimate the number of brake particles in the case study. To achieve this goal, a downstream approach was proposed starting from the suprasystem level (microscopic traffic simulation models in VISSIM) and using a developed mathematical vehicle dynamics model at the system level to calculate the braking torques and angular velocities of the front and rear wheels, and proposes an artificial neural network (ANN) as a brake emission model, which has been appropriately trained and validated using emission data collected through more than 1000 experimental tribological tests on a reduced-scale dynamometer at the subsystem level (braking system). Consideration of this multi-level approach, from tribological to traffic-related aspects, is necessary for a realistic estimation of brake emissions. The proposed method was implemented on a targeted vehicle, a dominant SUV family car in the case study, considering real driving conditions. The relevant dynamic quantities of the targeted vehicle (braking torques and angular velocities of the wheels) were calculated based on the vehicle trajectory data such as speed and deceleration obtained from the traffic microsimulation models and converted into braking emissions via the artificial neural network. The total number of brake emissions emitted by the targeted vehicles was predicted for 10 iterations route by route and for the entire traffic network. The results showed that a large number of brake particles (in the order of billions of particles) are released by the targeted vehicles, which significantly affect the air quality in the case study. The results of this dissertation provide important information for policy makers to gain better insight into the rate of exhaust and brake emissions and fuel consumption in metropolitan areas and to understand their acute negative impacts on the health of citizens and commuters.
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Chen, Ruiwei. "Uncertainty quantification in the simulation of road traffic and associated atmospheric emissions in a metropolitan area." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1029/document.

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Ce travail porte sur la quantification d'incertitude dans la modélisation des émissions de polluants atmosphériques dues au trafic routier d'une aire urbaine. Une chaîne de modélisations des émissions de polluants atmosphériques est construite, en couplant un modèle d’affectation dynamique du trafic (ADT) avec un modèle de facteurs d’émission. Cette chaîne est appliquée à l’agglomération de Clermont-Ferrand (France) à la résolution de la rue. Un métamodèle de l’ADT est construit pour réduire le temps d’évaluation du modèle. Une analyse de sensibilité globale est ensuite effectuée sur cette chaîne, afin d’identifier les entrées les plus influentes sur les sorties. Enfin, pour la quantification d’incertitude, deux ensembles sont construits avec l’approche de Monte Carlo, l’un pour l’ADT et l’autre pour les émissions. L’ensemble d’ADT est évalué et amélioré grâce à la comparaison avec les débits du trafic observés, afin de mieux échantillonner les incertitudes
This work focuses on the uncertainty quantification in the modeling of road traffic emissions in a metropolitan area. The first step is to estimate the time-dependent traffic flow at street-resolution for a full agglomeration area, using a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model. Then, a metamodel is built for the DTA model set up for the agglomeration, in order to reduce the computational cost of the DTA simulation. Then the road traffic emissions of atmospheric pollutants are estimated at street resolution, based on a modeling chain that couples the DTA metamodel with an emission factor model. This modeling chain is then used to conduct a global sensitivity analysis to identify the most influential inputs in computed traffic flows, speeds and emissions. At last, the uncertainty quantification is carried out based on ensemble simulations using Monte Carlo approach. The ensemble is evaluated with observations in order to check and optimize its reliability
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Books on the topic "Road traffic simulation"

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Fernandes, Fábio A. O., Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa, and Mariusz Ptak. Head Injury Simulation in Road Traffic Accidents. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89926-8.

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Morton, Thomas. A road traffic simulation for a game. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2004.

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Smadi, Ayman. Integrating planning and operations models to predict work zone traffic. Fargo, N.D: Mountain-Plains Consortium, Advanced Traffic Analysis Center, Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, 2008.

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2009, Guo Min active, and Wu Jianping active 2009, eds. Dao lu jiao tong zu zhi you hua yu fang zhen ping jia li lun yu fang fa: Road traffic organisation and simulation evaluation. Beijing Shi: Ren min jiao tong chu ban she, 2009.

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T, Herlihy Edward, Wong Shui-Ying, United States. Federal Highway Administration., and VICOR Associates, eds. Traffic models overview handbook. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1993.

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Taylor, Cynthia E. Simulation testing of a fuzzy neural ramp metering algorithm. [Olympia]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1995.

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Memmott, Jeffery L. Results of the evaluation of the highway performance monitoring system for use in Texas. College Station, Tex: Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System, 1988.

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Taylor, M. C. An assessment of traffic calming for trunk roads using the TRL driving simulator. [Crowthorne]: Transport Research Laboratory, 2002.

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Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center (U.S.) and Civil Engineering Research Foundation, eds. Guidelines for the evaluation of the Digital Camera Traffic Accident Investigation System (DTAIS): Final report. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004.

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Maze, T. H. Work zone simulation model: Companion report for traffic management strategies for merge areas in rural interstate work zones. Ames, Iowa: Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State University, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Road traffic simulation"

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Bungartz, Hans-Joachim, Stefan Zimmer, Martin Buchholz, and Dirk Pflüger. "Macroscopic Simulation of Road Traffic." In Springer Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics and Technology, 149–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39524-6_7.

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Bungartz, Hans-Joachim, Stefan Zimmer, Martin Buchholz, and Dirk Pflüger. "Microscopic Simulation of Road Traffic." In Springer Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics and Technology, 171–201. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39524-6_8.

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Gramaglia, Marco, Marco Fiore, Maria Calderon, Oscar Trullols-Cruces, and Diala Naboulsi. "Highway Road Traffic Modeling for ITS Simulation." In Networking Simulation for Intelligent Transportation Systems, 165–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119407447.ch8.

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Sreelatha, V., E. Mamatha, S. Krishna Anand, and Nayana H. Reddy. "Markov Process Based IoT Model for Road Traffic Prediction." In Modeling, Simulation and Optimization, 329–38. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6866-4_24.

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Lehsing, Christian, and Ilja T. Feldstein. "Urban Interaction – Getting Vulnerable Road Users into Driving Simulation." In UR:BAN Human Factors in Traffic, 347–62. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15418-9_19.

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Fernandes, Fábio A. O., Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa, and Mariusz Ptak. "Finite Element Head Modelling and Head Injury Predictors." In Head Injury Simulation in Road Traffic Accidents, 1–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89926-8_1.

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Fernandes, Fábio A. O., Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa, and Mariusz Ptak. "Development of a New Finite Element Human Head Model." In Head Injury Simulation in Road Traffic Accidents, 25–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89926-8_2.

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Fernandes, Fábio A. O., Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa, and Mariusz Ptak. "Validation of YEAHM." In Head Injury Simulation in Road Traffic Accidents, 41–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89926-8_3.

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Fernandes, Fábio A. O., Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa, and Mariusz Ptak. "Application of Numerical Methods for Accident Reconstruction and Forensic Analysis." In Head Injury Simulation in Road Traffic Accidents, 59–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89926-8_4.

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Gora, Paweł. "Simulation-Based Traffic Management System for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles." In Road Vehicle Automation 4, 257–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60934-8_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Road traffic simulation"

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El Hadouaj, Sameh, and Stephane Espié. "A Generic Road Traffic Simulation Model." In International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies (ICTTS) 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40630(255)181.

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Gregoriades, Andreas. "Towards a user-centred road safety management method based on road traffic simulation." In 2007 Winter Simulation Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2007.4419818.

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Potuzak, Tomas. "Current Trends in Road Traffic Network Division for Distributed or Parallel Road Traffic Simulation." In 2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ds-rt55542.2022.9932112.

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Wang, Weiqi, Wanchao Zhang, and Xiaokuan Yang. "Traffic Micro-Simulation of Urban Road Network." In First International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41177(415)132.

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Guerrouahane, N., N. Farhi, D. Aissani, and L. Bouallouche-Medjkoune. "A queuing model for road traffic simulation." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2014 (ICNAAM-2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4912745.

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Kavička, Antonín. "Simulations of road traffic at light-controlled intersections." In The 33rd European Modeling & Simulation Symposium. CAL-TEK srl, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2021.emss.005.

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Marsetič, Rok, and Darja Šemrov. "Traffic simulation tool in service of decision makers." In Fifth International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2018.742.

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Dadashova, Bahar. "Simulation Study of the Effect of Decreasing Truck Traffic Flow on Safety on Almeria-Barcelona Corridor." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4214.

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In this paper the effect of truck traffic on road safety has been analyzed through simulation study. The main objective of the study is to quantify the effect of the decreasing average annual daily traffic of heavy duty vehicles (trucks) on road safety. As the road safety indicators the frequency road accidents is considered. The data used in the study were collected from one of the most crowded routes in Spain which connects Almeria (south-east) with Barcelona (northeast). The observed data covers year 2010 and were classified into 2 road types: dual carriageways and toll roads. The estimation was carried out using negative binomial model and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. Using the estimation results new traffic scenarios were proposed where the traffic flow is assumed to change its values. A total of 33 scenarios were proposed and new accidents data were generated through MCMC sampling. The comparison of the simulated and observed accident data shows that the effect of decreasing truck traffic flow could meliorate road safety in the route. The simulation tool could be applied to evaluate the effects of freight modal shift from road to rail.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4214
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Hounsell, N. B. "PROMPT: field trial and simulation results of bus priority in SCOOT." In Eighth International Conference on Road Traffic Monitoring and Control. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19960297.

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Ijaha, S. E. "HIPERTRANS: a road traffic simulation as an operational tool." In International Conference on Simulation (1998). IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19980620.

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Reports on the topic "Road traffic simulation"

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Siebke, Christian, Maximilian Bäumler, Madlen Ringhand, Marcus Mai, Felix Elrod, and Günther Prokop. Report on design of modules for the stochastic traffic simulation. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2021.245.

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As part of the AutoDrive project, OpenPASS is used to develop a cognitive-stochastic traffic flow simulation for urban intersection scenarios described in deliverable D1.14. The deliverable D4.20 is about the design of the modules for the stochastic traffic simulation. This initially includes an examination of the existing traffic simulations described in chapter 2. Subsequently, the underlying tasks of the driver when crossing an intersection are explained. The main part contains the design of the cognitive structure of the road user (chapter 4.2) and the development of the cognitive behaviour modules (chapter 4.3).
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Williams, Michael, Marcial Lamera, Aleksander Bauranov, Carole Voulgaris, and Anurag Pande. Safety Considerations for All Road Users on Edge Lane Roads. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1925.

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Edge lane roads (ELRs), also known as advisory bike lanes or advisory shoulders, are a type of shared street where two-way motor vehicle (MV) traffic shares a single center lane, and edge lanes on either side are preferentially reserved for vulnerable road users (VRUs). This work comprises a literature review, an investigation of ELRs’ operational characteristics and potential road user interactions via simulation, and a study of crash data from existing American and Australian ELRs. The simulation evaluated the impact of various factors (e.g., speed, volume, directional split, etc.) on ELR operation. Results lay the foundation for a siting criterion. Current American siting guidance relies only upon daily traffic volume and speed—an approach that inaccurately models an ELR’s safety. To evaluate the safety of existing ELRs, crash data were collected from ELR installations in the US and Australia. For US installations, Empirical Bayes (EB) analysis resulted in an aggregate CMF of .56 for 11 installations observed over 8 years while serving more than 60 million vehicle trips. The data from the Australian State of Queensland involved rural one-lane, low-volume, higher-speed roads, functionally equivalent to ELRs. As motor vehicle volume grows, these roads are widened to two-lane facilities. While the authors observed low mean crash rates on the one-lane roads, analysis of recently converted (from one-lane to two-lane) facilities showed that several experienced fewer crashes than expected after conversion to two-lane roads.
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Tarko, Andrew P., Mario A. Romero, Vamsi Krishna Bandaru, and Cristhian Lizarazo. TScan–Stationary LiDAR for Traffic and Safety Applications: Vehicle Interpretation and Tracking. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317402.

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To improve traffic performance and safety, the ability to measure traffic accurately and effectively, including motorists and other vulnerable road users, at road intersections is needed. A past study conducted by the Center for Road Safety has demonstrated that it is feasible to detect and track various types of road users using a LiDAR-based system called TScan. This project aimed to progress towards a real-world implementation of TScan by building two trailer-based prototypes with full end-user documentation. The previously developed detection and tracking algorithms have been modified and converted from the research code to its implementational version written in the C++ programming language. Two trailer-based TScan units have been built. The design of the prototype was iterated multiple times to account for component placement, ease of maintenance, etc. The expansion of the TScan system from a one single-sensor unit to multiple units with multiple LiDAR sensors necessitated transforming all the measurements into a common spatial and temporal reference frame. Engineering applications for performing traffic counts, analyzing speeds at intersections, and visualizing pedestrian presence data were developed. The limitations of the existing SSAM for traffic conflicts analysis with computer simulation prompted the research team to develop and implement their own traffic conflicts detection and analysis technique that is applicable to real-world data. Efficient use of the development system requires proper training of its end users. An INDOT-CRS collaborative process was developed and its execution planned to gradually transfer the two TScan prototypes to INDOT’s full control. This period will be also an opportunity for collecting feedback from the end user and making limited modifications to the system and documentation as needed.
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Nafakh, Abdullah Jalal, Franklin Vargas Davila, Yunchang Zhang, Jon D. Fricker, and Dulcy M. Abraham. Safety and Mobility Analysis of Rolling Slowdown for Work Zones: Comparison with Full Closure. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317380.

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There are times when the traffic lanes through a work zone must be kept clear for activities such as placing overhead beams, erecting overhead signs, and installing power lines, and other temporary roadway work activities. As an alternative to a full road closure, a rolling slowdown can typically provide up to 30 minutes to complete such activities without bringing approaching traffic to a complete halt. Using data from recent rolling slowdowns and full closures carried on the Indiana interstate network and a simulation approach, this study compares rolling slowdowns to full closures from safety and mobility standpoints. The study suggests that while rolling slowdowns are more impactful in terms of travel times, they are a safer option than full closures as they often form a forward moving shockwave causing, lower hard braking rates, and consequently a lower probability of causing a crash.
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Pulugurtha, Srinivas S., Abimbola Ogungbire, and Chirag Akbari. Modeling and Evaluating Alternatives to Enhance Access to an Airport and Meet Future Expansion Needs. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2120.

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The continued growth of air travel calls for the incessant construction effort at many airports and their surroundings. Thus, there is a need to determine how airports can better manage existing infrastructure to accommodate this growth. This study, therefore, focuses on (1) investigating how changes in transportation infrastructure have affected travel time reliability (TTR) of the surrounding road network within the airport vicinity over time, and, (2) exploring selected unconventional intersection designs and proposing new inbound/outbound access routes from the nearby major roads to the airport. The efficiency of road networks that surrounds large airports is discussed using Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) as the case study. Firstly, an assessment of how transportation projects impact link-level travel time reliability (TTR) was performed using historical data. Secondly, an assessment of how future transportation projects would affect the traffic in the airport vicinity was performed. A simulation network was developed using the Vissim software, where the peak-hour turning movement counts were used with the existing signal design to replicate and calibrate the base scenario. Unconventional intersection designs such as continuous flow intersections (CFI), mini-roundabouts, and restricted crossing U-turn (RCUT) intersections were considered along with selected bridge design options to determine the impact on TTR. The results were compared with the conventional signalized intersection design. The connectivity projects led to an increase in TTR measures at most of the links within its vicinity after the project’s completion of the project. Similarly, parking areas exhibited the same characteristics, including those used by ridesharing companies. The simulation model showed that unconventional designs like RCUT and direct entry-exit ramps effectively reduced delay as well as the number of stops, increasing our understanding of how expansion projects affect TTR and potentially improving infrastructure optimization.
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Virtucio, Michael, Barbaros Cetiner, Bingyu Zhao, Kenichi Soga, and Erturgul Taciroglu. A Granular Framework for Modeling the Capacity Loss and Recovery of Regional Transportation Networks under Seismic Hazards: A Case Study on the Port of Los Angeles. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/hxhg3206.

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Earthquakes, being both unpredictable and potentially destructive, pose great risks to critical infrastructure systems like transportation. It becomes crucial, therefore, to have both a fine-grained and holistic understanding of how the current state of a transportation system would fare during hypothetical hazard scenarios. This paper introduces a synthesis approach to assessing the impacts of earthquakes by coupling an image-based structure-and-site-specific bridge fragility generation methodology with regional-scale traffic simulations and economic loss prediction models. The proposed approach’s use of context-rich data such as OpenStreetMap and Google Street View enables incorporating information that is abstracted in standard loss analysis tools like HAZUS in order to construct nonlinear bridge models and corresponding fragility functions. The framework uses a semi-dynamic traffic assignment model run on a regional traffic network that includes all freeways and local roads (1,444,790 edges) and outputs traffic volume on roads before and after bridge closures due to an earthquake as well as impacts to individual trips (42,056,426 trips). The combination of these models enables granularity, facilitating a bottom-up approach to estimating costs incurred solely due to physical damage to the transportation network. As a case study, the proposed framework is applied to the road network surrounding the Port of Los Angeles---an infrastructure of crucial importance---for assessing resilience and losses at a high resolution. It is found that the port area is disproportionately impacted in the hypothetical earthquake scenario, and delays in bridge repair can lead to a 50% increase in costs.
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Kodupuganti, Swapneel R., Sonu Mathew, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Modeling Operational Performance of Urban Roads with Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1802.

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The rapid growth in population and related demand for travel during the past few decades has had a catalytic effect on traffic congestion, air quality, and safety in many urban areas. Transportation managers and planners have planned for new facilities to cater to the needs of users of alternative modes of transportation (e.g., public transportation, walking, and bicycling) over the next decade. However, there are no widely accepted methods, nor there is enough evidence to justify whether such plans are instrumental in improving mobility of the transportation system. Therefore, this project researches the operational performance of urban roads with heterogeneous traffic conditions to improve the mobility and reliability of people and goods. A 4-mile stretch of the Blue Line light rail transit (LRT) extension, which connects Old Concord Rd and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte’s main campus on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for travel time reliability analysis. The influence of crosswalks, sidewalks, trails, greenways, on-street bicycle lanes, bus/LRT routes and stops/stations, and street network characteristics on travel time reliability were comprehensively considered from a multimodal perspective. Likewise, a 2.5-mile-long section of the Blue Line LRT extension, which connects University City Blvd and Mallard Creek Church Rd on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for simulation-based operational analysis. Vissim traffic simulation software was used to compute and compare delay, queue length, and maximum queue length at nine intersections to evaluate the influence of vehicles, LRT, pedestrians, and bicyclists, individually and/or combined. The statistical significance of variations in travel time reliability were particularly less in the case of links on N Tryon St with the Blue Line LRT extension. However, a decrease in travel time reliability on some links was observed on the parallel route (I-85) and cross-streets. While a decrease in vehicle delay on northbound and southbound approaches of N Tryon St was observed in most cases after the LRT is in operation, the cross-streets of N Tryon St incurred a relatively higher increase in delay after the LRT is in operation. The current pedestrian and bicycling activity levels seemed insignificant to have an influence on vehicle delay at intersections. The methodological approaches from this research can be used to assess the performance of a transportation facility and identify remedial solutions from a multimodal perspective.
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Hartle, Jennifer C., Ossama (Sam) A. Elrahman, Cara Wang, Daniel A. Rodriguez, Yue Ding, and Matt McGahan. Assessing Public Health Benefits of Replacing Freight Trucks with Cargo Cycles in Last Leg Delivery Trips in Urban Centers. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.1952.

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Increased urbanization, population growth, and demand for time-sensitive deliveries means increased freight movement in cities, which contributes to emissions, noise, and safety concerns. One innovative mode gaining widespread attention for urban deliveries is cargo cycles—bicycles adapted for freight delivery. Despite the recognized potential and possible success of transporting at least 25% of freight via cycle, research remains limited. This research investigates the potential of cargo cycle delivery for last mile freight in Oakland, California, with a focus on the West Oakland neighborhood. The data collection included interviews, focus groups, vehicle field observation and counts, and traffic simulation modeling. The traffic simulation examined scenarios where businesses converted different percentages of current deliveries to cargo cycles using a transfer hub as the starting point for their cargo cycle delivery. The best-case scenario—where the maximum percentage of deliveries were made with cargo cycle instead of motorized vehicles—resulted in reductions of 2600 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per day. In that case scenario, the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction is equivalent to a reduction in emissions of PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and reactive organic gas (ROG) of taking about 1000 Class 4 box trucks off the roads of West Oakland per day. In the worst-case scenario, with a significantly smaller percentage of motorized package deliveries converted to cargo cycles, there is a reduction of 160 VMT, equivalent to the removal of approximately 80 Class 4 box trucks off the roads of West Oakland per day. This potential reduction in air pollution and traffic congestion, as well as job creation, would benefit West Oakland residents.
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Salgado, Edgar, and Oscar A. Mitnik. Spatial and Time Spillovers of Driving Restrictions: Causal Evidence from Limas Pico y Placa Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003849.

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Driving restrictions are popular interventions in rapidly urbanizing developing countries. Their relatively inexpensive implementation appeals to the pressing need to reduce traffic congestion and pollution. Their effectiveness however, remains contested. Using high frequency data from the community-based driving directions app Waze, we evaluate the causal effect on traffic congestion of Lima's Pico y Placa driving restriction policy introduced in 2019. We find small improvements in traffic congestion for the policy's directly targeted areas. However, those improvements are offset by time and spatial spillovers in the opposite direction in the aggregate. Speed improved by 2 percent during the early weeks of the intervention, but this effect disappeared 16 weeks after the start of the policy. Moreover, traffic conditions worsened in adjacent areas and in hours outside the time schedule of the policy. In the aggregate, accounting for time and spatial spillovers, a simulation exercise suggests that overall welfare declined by 2 percent, mostly driven by the extensive margin (more roads becoming congested) outside the direct areas and hours targeted by the policy. The policy seems not only to have failed to achieve its intended benefits in terms of congestion, but also probably caused increases in traffic-related pollution. These results highlight the need for policy makers to take into account the overall impacts of driving restrictions policies before implementing them.
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Jiang, Jiachen, Jiabei Wu, Jue Zhou, Yaobin Chen, Vincent G. Duffy, and Renran Tian. Geometric Constraints and Visual Field Related to Speed Management. Purdue University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317735.

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This study investigates the challenges inherent in rural arterial roads and highways connecting small towns and cities in Indiana. Despite their pivotal role in transportation and development, these roads often experience a high frequency of traffic accidents attributed to speeding, particularly at transition areas from high-speed to low-speed roads. To address this issue, this study investigated cost-efficient and effective speed management countermeasures. This study emphasized the importance of considering cost-efficient and effective speed management strategies, with a focus on roadside vegetation and lane widths near small-town entrances on arterial roads and highway ramps. Proposing four countermeasures for each scenario—such as large spacing bush, small spacing bush, hedge, and narrow lane width for arterial roads or a delineator for highway exit ramps—the investigation employed driving simulator studies involving sixty human subjects to assess the individual and interactive effects of these interventions. The results on driving speed and deceleration rate show that specific combinations of narrow lanes and roadside vegetation were effective in mitigating speeding on arterial roads and highway ramps, especially during the transition zones. The study also revealed that the speed reduction effects of these countermeasures do not persist in post-countermeasure segments, which reduce the boarder impacts of these interventions. The research underscores the importance of a targeted and context-aware approach in selecting and implementing speed management measures and emphasized the need for tailored interventions based on the specific characteristics of each roadway type and scenario.
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