Dissertations / Theses: 'Road transport of goods'

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Nicolaides, Doros. "Power infrastructure requirements for road transport electrification." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/280689.

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Deep decarbonisation of road transportation is challenging. One of the most potentially beneficial approaches is electrification which is the subject of this PhD thesis. A widespread penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) across a large proportion of road transport demand is needed to realise the benefits of an electrified transport sector. However, this is dependent on overcoming significant barriers. This study performs a systematic analysis of how proven power charging technologies could be used to unlock the barriers to widespread electrification of road transportation. Various road transport sectors and type of journeys are explored including aspects of autonomous operations and novel wireless power transfer technologies. For each operation, a framework is proposed that allows the exploitation of current and potential future electrification technologies to enable shifting towards EVs. Based on that, simulation tools and methods are developed to calculate the power requirements of EVs and determine a suitable charging infrastructure. The additional power demand, electric load and the implications for the electricity supply network are explored. The total expenditure needed and the CO2 emission savings are also calculated for each investigated operation. Transitional strategies include the electrification of bus routes, refuse collection functions, home deliveries and aspects of autonomous operations for public transportation within the boundaries of the cities. In the long-term, focus is given on passenger cars and freight vehicles for both urban and inter-urban journeys. A nationwide adoption of all electrification strategies proposed in this thesis would increase the peak power demand of Great Britain by approximately 38 GW (72% of the current peak) and the electricity consumption by 180 TWh per year (45% of current consumption). The total capital cost required is calculated at £225 billion which is similar to the cost of other large infrastructure projects of the country. The impact would be a significant aggregate saving of approximately 2,000 MtCO2 between the numbers calculated for today's norms (2018) and those calculated for 2050.

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Poul, Adam. "Určení zdrojů rizik při přepravě nebezpečných látek na silnicích a návrh opatření na snížení ztrát a škod na veřejných aktivech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433338.

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The master‘s thesis focuses on the risks of transporting dangerous goods by road. The introductory part deals with related legislation of the Czech Republic is analyzed, followed by international legislation. In the European Union, the transport of dangerous goods is regulated primarily by the European agreement concerning the International carriage of dangerous goods by road (ADR). Between 2002 and 2019, master‘s thesis analyzes and describes the statistics of traffic accidents with the presence of dangerous goods. Furthermore, this master‘s thesis also analyzes the characteristics of the sources of traffic accident risks, and when activating the risk, the possible effects of traffic accidents and subsequent leakage of dangerous goods are described. In fulfilling the aims of the master‘s thesis, agreement was found in the causes of traffic accidents in statistics and in the literature in the fact that in 80% it is the fault of the human factor. Analysis of a set of 10 large accidents with the presence of dangerous goods using a modified "What, if" method identified impacts on public assets. Based on these identified impacts, measures were proposed that would be appropriate to apply in the public interest.

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Zieglerová, Lucie. "Problematika silničních přeprav nebezpečného zboží." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85335.

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The transport of dangerous goods is one of the most complicated kinds of transportation. Dangerous goods have characteristics that can be hazardous for people, properties and environment. That is why the dangerous shipment have to be transported according to the special rules. The ADR agreement heads towards the unification of those rules between all contracting parties and it also contributes to the elimination or reduction of accidents.

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Viveiros, Eduardo Luiz de Andrade. "Gerenciamento de riscos e prevenção de acidentes no transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos no litoral norte do estado de São Paulo: uma abordagem metodológica." Universidade de Taubaté, 2009. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=150.

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Os acidentes que envolvem o transporte de produtos perigosos ocorrem, com certa frequência, em rodovias e afetam, não apenas os seus usuários, mas também as populações lindeiras e o meio ambiente, levando contaminação e poluição, muitas vezes disseminadas por ventos e em rios, com consequências catastróficas para o meio ambiente e a saúde humana. Trata-se, portanto de um problema que requer não apenas ações de caráter corretivo por ocasião dos sinistros, mas também medidas preventivas, visando à redução dos riscos e de consequências impactantes. Este trabalho tem o objetivo tornar-se um instrumento para ações preventivas, dirigido à administração pública, como contribuição na segurança do transporte de produtos perigosos, no Litoral Norte Paulista (São Sebastião e Caraguatatuba). A abordagem metodológica deste trabalho foi a pesquisa secundária em banco de dados da CETESB, mais especificamente em instrumentos provenientes do Gerenciamento de Riscos e na metodologia de Árvore de Falhas, sendo esta metodologia parte integrante dos estudos de AIA Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, aplicados ao transporte de produtos perigosos. O resultado da pesquisa é um plano de atendimento emergencial.
Accidents involving the transportation of dangerous goods occur infrequently, on highways and affect not only their users but also the bordering populations and the environment, causing contamination and pollution, often spread by winds and rivers, with catastrophic consequences for the environment and human health. It is therefore a problem that requires not just actions of a corrective nature on the occasion of claims, but also preventive measures aimed at reducing the risks and consequences of striking. This work aims to become an instrument for preventive actions directed to government as a contribution in the safe transport of dangerous goods, on the north coast (São Sebastião and Caraguatatuba). The methodological approach of this work was secondary research in database CETESB more specifically on instruments from the Risk Management and Fault Tree Analysis methodology, this methodology is an integral part of studies of EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment, applied to transport of dangerous goods. The search result is a plan for emergency care.

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Večeřa, Petr. "Analýza podmínek kabotáže v silniční nákladní dopravě ve vybraném státě EU." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232798.

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The thesis describes conditions for carrying out cabotage in road freight transport, in comparison to current and past development at the EU level, and in transport policy of the EU described in the primary law. The most current changes at the field of cabotage are a good precondition for the future growth of this type of transport. The issue of cabotage could be described in three groups of topics, the first being the unified EU regulations of cabotage and conditions set for carrying out cabotage, the second concerns topics, that are similar in every EU country due to harmonization of national law, for example the payment of VAT, admission to the occupancy of road haulier or technical conditions for vehicles. The third group deals with matters that are different in every EU country, e.g. toll systems. Carrying out cabotage is therefore to be adjusted to all aforesaid conditions, which have a direct influence to the economical background of cabotage transports.

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Neto, Antonio Gomes de Jesus. "Entre trilhos e rodas: fluidez territorial e os sentidos da circulação de mercadorias em Moçambique." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-21122016-130715/.

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Moçambique é historicamente conhecido por ser um território de escoamento da produção do hinterland da África Austral, principalmente dos seus vizinhos África do Sul, Suazilândia, Zimbabwe e Malawi. A orientação de suas ferrovias, construídas ao longo do período colonial da região, mostra um território divido por três redes ferroviárias distintas, ligadas cada uma delas a um dos principais portos moçambicanos (Maputo, Beira e Nacala), mas não interligadas entre si, conformando assim um território aparentemente pouco integrado e voltado ao seu exterior. Ainda que parte importante da circulação contemporânea de mercadorias em Moçambique continue a respeitar essa lógica extravertida, desde a independência do país, em 1975, o governo moçambicano vem reunindo esforços na tentativa de integrar seu território e configurar uma economia eminentemente nacional. Tal tarefa cabe, no que tange à circulação de mercadorias, ao modal rodoviário, através de inúmeras rodovias (quase nunca pavimentadas) e de diferentes operadores de transporte (desde empresas até motoristas autônomos e transportadores informais), que atuam não apenas na circulação interna de mercadorias, mas também naquela voltada ao exterior. Assim, com base na proposta de Milton Santos de compreender o espaço geográfico a partir de suas dimensões técnicas e político-normativas, esta dissertação busca fornecer um quadro da circulação de mercadorias em Moçambique, a partir de sua estruturação histórica e dos dois sentidos que a orientam no período contemporâneo a circulação extravertida e a circulação interna.
Mozambique is historically known for being a drain region for the inner production of Southern Africa, especially its neighbors South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe and Malawi. The course of its railways, built throughout the colonial period in the region, shows a territory divided by three distinct rail networks, each one linked to a major Mozambican port (Maputo, Beira and Nacala) but not interconnected. This constitutes a territory apparently little integrated and turned to its exterior. Even though an important part of the contemporary circulation of goods in Mozambique stills follows this extraverted logic, since the countrys independence in 1975 the Mozambican government has been making an effort to integrate its territory and set up a national economy. When it comes to the circulation of goods, this is a task that depends on road transport by means of numerous roads (mostly unpaved) and different transport operators (such as companies, autonomous drivers and informal carriers). These operate not only internally but also outwards. Thus, based on Milton Santos\' proposal to understand the geographical space through its technical and political-normative dimensions, this dissertation attempts at providing a framework for the circulation of goods in Mozambique regarding its historical constitution and the two directions that orientate it in the contemporary period: the extraverted and the internal circulation.

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Jiříčková, Kristýna. "Daně v mezinárodní silniční přepravě zboží." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-383570.

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The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of taxes in international road transport of goods. The thesis explains the basic concepts and selected taxes that are relevant from the point of view of the international transport of goods. The first part of the thesis defines the essential theoretical basis. The analytical part deals with selected legal legislation of tax aspects related to the international road transport of goods. In the part of the proposals, on the basis of the acquired knowledge, a methodical guideline for companies engaged in the international road transport of goods is compiled. The proposed methodical guideline is subsequently applied to the chosen company.

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Kouri, Márcia Gatti. "Definição de requisitos para um sistema de monitoramento de veículos no transporte rodoviário de cargas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-01042009-142238/.

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Esta dissertação apresenta o levantamento e definição dos requisitos necessários para um sistema de monitoramento de veículos no transporte rodoviário de cargas, cujo custo de implantação seja acessível a grande parte das empresas. Para isso são aplicados alguns métodos da Engenharia de Requisitos, tais como: Vord, Preview e Volere. O conjunto de requisitos obtido através deste levantamento é então utilizado como fonte para a especificação de requisitos do sistema proposto.
This dissertation shows the survey and definition of the necessary requirements regarding a monitoring system for vehicles that transport goods via roads, whose low cost implementation is accessible for most of the companies. For this purpose, some methods of the Engineering of Requirements are applied, such as: Vord, Preview and Volere. The set of requirements gotten via this survey is the source for the specification of requirements of the proposed system.

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Sidibe, Ali. "Recherche sur l'équilibre dans l'exécution du contrat de transport de marchandises par route : étude comparée droits OHADA et français : essai de contribution à la législation communautaire OHADA." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D057.

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La recherche d’équilibre dans le contrat de transport de marchandises par route, envisagée sous l’angle d’exécution et d’inexécution de la prestation essentielle du transporteur, le déplacement de la marchandise, a permis grâce un mélange à la fois interprétative et analytique, de comparer les différentes règles régissant la matière dans l’espace OHADA, en France et à l’international, in ﬁne de ressortir les différences entre nos différentes sources, et de mettre en lumière la nécessaire vitalité du transport routier et son rôle de catalyseur dans le développement des pays de l’espace OHADA et la cohésion des populations. in effet, si l’AUCTMR s’est largement inspiré de la CMR européenne, il n’en demeure pas moins qu’il en corrige les faiblesses. Il en ressort des différences notamment :au niveau du délai d’action, le calcul de l’indemnité, la nature de la faute du voiturier, l’action directe du voiturier. L’originalité du droit OHADA se trouve surtout dans sa gestion des conﬂits de lois et de juridictions, puisque les actes uniformes sont directement applicables dans les États membres. Dans cette quête d’équilibre, des problématiques de livraison dans un délai conventionnel ou raisonnable dans un contexte d’insécurités(routière et violence) peuvent surgir. In ﬁne Les prestations matérielles et financières qui caractérisent le contrat de transport étant mises en balance, il en ressort que la complète égalité des rapports contractuels reste une utopie. Néanmoins, le droit OHADA, propulsé par le droit français et surtout la CMR européenne, cherchant à établir l’équilibre entre les obligations réciproques des parties, décide de rééquilibrer le contrat grâce des dispositifs de révision, de réfaction, ou tout simplement de se dédire. Ce pouvoir appartient selon le cas,au juge, à la loi ou aux parties. Les parties peuvent également se libérer par le mécanisme de force majeure, ou en cas de dépôt du bilan. Le transporteur pour soulager le fardeau de la présomption de responsabilité qui pèse sur lui, dispose des mécanismes d’exonérations << cas général >> et << privilégiés >> et les limitations de responsabilité. Ces mécanismes étranges propres au droit de transports ne triompheront pas en cas de fraude imputable au transporteur. Les délais sont donnés aux ayants droits de se manifester en cas d’avarie, perte(3) ou retard (60 jours) de la marchandise. Toute action sur le contrat de transport se prescrit, en un an, sauf fraude du transporteur, qui porte le délai à 2, 3, 5 ans selon le système
The search for balance in the contract for the carriage of goods by road, envisaged in terms of execution and non-performance of the essential service of the carrier, the movement of the goods, has allowed thanks to a mixture of both interpretative and analytic, to compare the different rules governing the matter in the OHADA space in France and internationally, in fine to highlight the differences between our different sources, and to highlight the vitality of road transport and its role of catalyst in the development of the countries of the OHADA space and the cohesion of the populations. Indeed, while the AUCTMR was largely inspired by the European CMR, the fact remains that it corrects its weaknesses. There are differences in particular : the time of action, the calculation of compensation, the nature of the fault of the valet, the direct action of the valet. The originality of OHADA law lies mainly in its management of conflicts of laws and jurisdictions, since uniform acts are directly applicable in the Member States. In this quest for balance, issues of delivery in a conventional of reasonable time in a context of securities (road and violence) may arise. In fine, the material and financial benefits that characterize the contract of carriage being balanced, it follows that the complete equality of contractual relations remains utopian. Nevertheless, the OHADA law, propelled by French law and especially the European CMR, seeking to establish the balance between the reciprocal obligations of the parties, decides to rebalance the contract thanks to the devices of revision, reduction, or simply to withdraw. This power belongs according to the case, to the judge, to the law or to the parties. The parties may also be released by the force majeure mechanism, or in the event of bankruptcy. The carrier to relieve the burden of the presumption of liability that weighs on him, has the mechanisms of exemptions « general case » and privileged and limitations of liability. These strange mechanisms specific to the right of transport will not triumph in case of fraud attributable to the carrier. The deadlines are given to the rights holders to appear in case of damage loss (3) or delay (60 days) of the goods. Any action on the contract of carriage is prescribed in one year except fraud of the carrier, which brings the time to 2, 3, 5 years according to the system

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Gracia, Tjong Rowena, and Maria Ohlanders. "Konsten att skapa utrymmen : Förbättringsmöjligheter inför framtida överdäckningsprojekt för att främja samhällsutvecklingen." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149558.

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En hållbar samhällsutveckling beror på tre faktorer; naturen, människan och samhället. I dagens läge vill människan minimera de påfrestningarna som miljön och omgivningen utsätts för. Det är därför viktigt att se över hur resurserna utnyttjas. Ett bra exempel på detta är att befintliga trafikleder inom tätbebyggda städer byggs över, sådana projekt kallas överdäckningar. På detta sätt skapas både byggbar yta och negativa effekter av trafikleder minskas inom tätbebyggda områden. Buller, barriärer och luftföroreningar är exempel på negativa effekter. Trots att överdäckningskonstruktioner har många fördelar som exempelvis ökad marktillgång är det många planerade projekt som stoppas. Detta på grund av explosionsrisker som anges i de nya lagarna och rekommendationerna av transport av farligt gods. För att underlätta framtida överdäckningar har författarna analyserat och diskuterat situationen samt klargjort vilka regelverk som gäller. Intervjuer utfördes med olika parter både i den offentliga och i privata sektorn. Detta för att få en bredare uppfattning om hur regelverken bör tolkas. Därefter har diskussioner framförts gällande konstruktionslösningar och åtgärder som kan tillämpas för att minimera konsekvenser av explosioner i en tunnel. I dagens läge finns det inga regelverk specifikt för överdäckning utan det är en sammansättning av regelverk för tunnel och hus. Om ovanliggande konstruktioners laster placeras direkt på tunneltaket finns det stor sannolikhet till att bebyggelsen kollapsar om taket viker sig. Det är då viktigt att jämföra olika olycksscenarior som kan tänkas inträffa för olika farligt godsmängder och transporter. Jämförelserna kan leda till en rimligare konsekvensuppfattning. Resultatet av detta har konstaterats i att det borde finnas specifika riktlinjer för överdäckningar men även att riskanalyser av olyckor bör analyseras på rätt sätt.
A sustainable society depends on three factors; nature, mankind and society. Presently, mankind has a need to minimize the stresses that the environment and our surroundings are exposed to. It is of the utmost importance that we focus on how to use our resources in new efficient ways. A perfect example of this is to build over current highways in urban cities areas. In Sweden this type of method when translated is called overdecking, internationally no collective term has been given. When building a tunnel a top a highway, new area is made available above for construction, and the negative effects caused by these infrastructures are removed. Noise barriers and pollution are examples of these negative effects. Although over decking have many benefits for expanding the society, many of these projects are being stopped. This is due to the risks that occur when dangerous goods are transported and how the laws and regulations govern this matter. To facilitate future projects the writers have analyzed and discussed the situation and clarified which rules apply. Interviews were performed with parties both in public and private sectors. This was done in order to get a broader perspective over how rules should be interpreted. Thereafter discussions were made regarding construction solutions that can be applied to minimize consequences of an explosion event in a tunnel. Presently there are no regulations specifically for over decking, but only a composite of the regulatory framework for tunnels and houses. If building loads are placed directly on the tunnel roof there is a strong likelihood that the house collapses if the roof folds. It is therefore important to review accident scenarios that might occur with various degrees of dangerous transported goods and transportations. The result of this has led to that there should be specific guidelines for over decking structures, but also how risk assessments of dangerous goods accidents should be handled.

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Koželuhová, Jana. "Problematika vlivu úkapů ropných látek na hutněné asfaltové vrstvy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226043.

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Aim of the Master’s thesis is analysis of problems of the dangerous goods road transportation, especially transport of flammable liquids. It analyses the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road and its special requirements. Thesis also covers road tanker accidents and the removal of leaked petroleum products. In practical portion the work on resistance testing of asphalt mixtures against several types of fuel is presented.

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Schelin, Eva. "Road user charging for heavy goods vehicles - Implementation aspects." Licentiate thesis, Norrköping : Department of Science and technology, Linköpings universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12052.

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Armstrong, Amrith. "Road Freight Transport : Transport Purchasing and Environmental Impacts." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17527.

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This paper on the environmental impacts of transport purchasing in road freight is to highlight how the adaptive capability of transport chains are affected through collaboration and the aim for sustainability through political regulations and societal demands.This paper is divided into a theoretical framework and an empirical study, followed by the analysis, conclusions and discussions based on the framework and empirical study.The theoretical framework will discuss the different aspects of road freight transport which impact the environment and show the interdependencies of each aspect.The analysis will highlight the empirical chapter with a comparison of the theoretical framework in order to make substantial conclusions.Conclusions among others are that standardization is needed although flexibility and agility is also needed. By standardizing processes, routine measures can be implemented and it creates a sense of certainty within the company. Agility and flexibility can be achieved by adding modular processes which can be implemented if the need for customization arises.Governmental involvement is necessary for the development of infrastructure to minimize traffic congestion and improve the infrastructure for increased reliability, accessibility, and flexibility. By developing the rail infrastructure, a larger share of goods can be transferred via railway and thus reduce the environmental impacts of road freight through intermodal transportation.
Program: Industrial Engineering – Logistics Management

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Andersen, Lars. "Stowage of goods in international Maritime transport." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22689.

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The paper presents and discusses the carrier's stowage duties under the Hague and Hague/Visby Rules and contrasts them with similar duties created in the Hamburg Rules. Particular attention is paid to stowage responsibilities in relation to the carriage of dangerous goods. A subsidiary examination considers the extent to which international stowage regulations adopted to protect safety and the environment may affect what constitutes proper stowage under the contract of carriage.

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Nashed, Rose-Marie. "Electric roads as future road transport : A study of Electric Road System (ERS) to facilitate sustainable road transport for passenger cars." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-250892.

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Sweden is a geographically large and sparsely populated country, with a need for road transport for individuals as well as for logistics. Domestic road transport largely contributes to air pollutions, where passenger cars account for the largest share. Looking ahead, the present rate of reduction of emissions is not enough to reach the climate targets of a fossil free transport sector. Electric road system (ERS) has emerged to deal with drawbacks of electric vehicles. Several solutions are being evaluated at demonstration projects. Until now, ERS is mainly associated with heavy vehicles and the relation to passenger cars is not as clear, where this study explores the social advantages of ERS and passenger cars. A case study is conducted, where an ERS implementation between Helsingborg and Malmö as part of the European route E6 in Sweden is modelled. The NPV with an economic lifespan of 20 years and an interest rate of 3.5 percent amounts to 350 MSEK, considered as high profitable. The CO2 emissions of the studied system would be reduced by 102 000 tonnes CO2, corresponding to a decrease of about 60 percent. Looking at the studied system, heavy trucks are contributing to the most impact. Nevertheless, there is great potential for passenger cars utilising ERS to decrease their emissions and fuel costs. Several semi-structured interviews have been conducted to highlight the prevailing views of ERS and passenger cars and the impact of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) for decision-making of transport investments. Several diverse views of ERS and passenger cars exist. ERS is a large investment, where the main need is among heavy vehicles. However, the profitability would increase as the amount of vehicles utilising ERS increases. In a future road transport system, it is possible that several technologies such as ERS, fast chargers and autonomous vehicles could be utilised simultaneous, and complete each other rather than being substitutes. It is conceivable that ERS is planned out of the needs of heavy vehicles, where passenger cars might benefit of the system as well. More passenger cars would likely utilise ERS as it is implemented to a greater extent. Further, CBA could provide a perception of the investment. However, it does not ensure that the projects are performed or chosen out of highest NPV, since several aspects besides the profitability are considered. Available information of ERS for CBA is yet limited and more data, such as effect relations is needed to facilitate well-founded decisions. In the future, it is likely that CBA of transport investments would become more complex, where several technologies would be considered. The transport sector will most likely alter, and existing assessment methods will presumably be adjusted in line with this.
Sverige är ett geografiskt stort och glesbefolkat land med ett stort behov av vägtransporter för såväl privatpersoner som för logistik. Inrikes vägtransport bidrar i stor utsträckning till luftföroreningar, där personbilar står för den största andelen av utsläppen. Den nuvarande minskningstakten av utsläpp är inte tillräcklig för att nå klimatmålen om en fossilfri transportsektor. Elvägar (ERS) har utvecklats för att hantera utmaningar med elfordon. Flera lösningar av teknologin testas vid demonstrationsprojekt och hittills är ERS främst förknippat med tunga fordon. Dock är relationen till personbilar inte lika tydlig, där denna studie undersöker de samhälleliga fördelarna med ERS relaterat till personbilar. En fallstudie har genomförts, där en installation av ERS mellan Helsingborg och Malmö som en del av E6 i Sverige modelleras. Nettonuvärdet med en ekonomisk livslängd på 20 år och en internränta om 3,5 procent uppgår till 350 MSEK, vilket betraktas som hög lönsam. Koldioxidutsläppen från det studerade systemet skulle minskas med 102 000 ton CO2, vilket motsvarar en minskning med drygt 60 procent. Utifrån det studerade systemet bidrar tunga lastbilar till den största inverkan. Likväl finns stor potential för personbilar att nyttja den installerade elvägen för att minska sina utsläpp och bränslekostnader. Flera semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts för att lyfta fram de rådande synsätten på ERS och personbilar och effekterna av samhällsekonomiska analyser (CBA) vid beslutsfattande av transportinvesteringar. Det finns flera olika synsätt på ERS relaterat till personbilar. ERS är en stor investering, där det största behovet finns bland tunga fordon. Emellertid ökar lönsamheten med antalet fordon som använder systemet. I ett framtida vägtransportsystem är det möjligt att flera teknologier såsom ERS, snabbladdning av elbilar och autonoma fordon utnyttjas samtidigt och används som komplement istället för att ersätta varandra. Det är tänkbart att ERS planeras och installeras utifrån behoven hos tunga fordon, där även personbilar kan dra fördel av systemet. Dessutom är det sannolikt att fler personbilar skulle utnyttja ERS allteftersom det installeras i större utsträckning. Vidare kan CBA ge en uppfattning om investeringen. Det säkerställer dock inte att projekten genomförs eller väljs utifrån högsta nettonuvärde, eftersom flera aspekter utöver lönsamheten beaktas. Tillgänglig information om ERS för CBA är ännu begränsad och mer data såsom effektsamband behövs för att säkerställa välgrundade beslut. I framtiden är det troligt att CBA av transportinvesteringar blir mer komplexa, där flera tekniker behöver beaktas. Transportsektorn kommer sannolikt att förändras, och befintliga bedömningsmetoder kommer förmodligen att anpassas i linje med detta.

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Kveiborg, Ole. "Regulating road transport using mechanism design /." København, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/364082461.pdf.

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17

Albrektsson, Jörgen. "Optimisation of Off-Road Transport Missions." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152787.

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Mines, construction sites, road construction and quarries are examples of applications where construction equipment are used. In a production chain consisting of several construction machines working together, the work needs to be optimised and coordinated to achieve an environmental friendly, energy efficient and productive production. Recent rapid development within positioning services, telematics and human machine interfaces (HMI) opens up for control of individual machines and optimisation of transport missions where several construction machines co-operate. The production chain on a work site can be split up in different sub-tasks of which some can be transport missions. Taking off in a transport mission where one wheel loader ("loader" hereinafter) and two articulated haulers ("haulers" hereinafter) co-operate to transport material at a set production rate [ton/h], a method for fuel optimal control is developed. On the mission level, optimal cycle times for individual sub-tasks such as wheel loader loading, hauler transport and hauler return, are established through the usage of Pareto fronts. The haulers Pareto fronts are built through the development of a Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm that trades fuel consumption versus cycle time for a road stretch by means of a time penalty constant. Through varying the time penalty constant n number of times, discrete fuel consumption - cycle time values can be achieved, forming the Pareto front. At a later stage, the same DP algorithm is used to generate fuel optimal vehicle speed and gear trajectories that are used as control signals for the haulers. Input to the DP algorithm is the distance to be travelled, road inclination, rolling resistance coefficient and a max speed limit to avoid unrealistic optimisation results. Thus, a method to describe the road and detect the road related data is needed to enable the optimisation. A map module is built utilising an extended Kalman Filter, Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother and sensor fusion to merge data and estimate parameters not observable by sensors. The map module uses a model of the vehicle, sensor signals from a GPS or GNSS sensor and machine sensors to establish a map of the road. The wheel loader Pareto front is based on data developed in previous research combined with Volvo in-house data. The developed optimisation algorithms are implemented on a PC and in an interactive computer tablet based system. A human machine interface is created for the tablet, guiding the operators to follow the optimal control signals, which is speed for the haulers and cycle time for the loader. To evaluate the performance of the system it is tested in real working conditions. The contributions develop algorithms, set up a demo mission control system and carry out experiments. Altogether rendering in a platform that can be used as a base for a future design of an off-road transport mission control system.

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Murphy, George John. "The West Midlands road transport industry." Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14283/.

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The object of this project was to identify those elements of management practice which characterised firms in the West Midlands Road Transport Industry. The object being to establish the contents of what might be termed a management policy portfolio for growth. The First Phase was the review of those factors which were generally accepted as having an influence on the success rate of transport firms in order to ascertain if they explained observed patterns. Secondly, if this were not the case, to instigate a field work study to isolate those policies which were associated with growth organizations. Investigation of the vehicle movements for the entire West Midlands Fleet over a complete licence cycle suggested that conventional explanations could not fully account for the observed patterns. To carry out the second phase of the study a sample of growth firms were visited in order to measure their attitudes on a range of factors hypothesised to affect growth. Field data were analysed to establish management activities over a wide range of areas and the results further investigated through a Principal Components and Cluster Analysis programme. The outcome of the study indicates that some past attitudes on the skills and attitudes of transport managers may have to be re-examined. As a result, the project produced a new classification of road transport firms based not on the conventional categories of long and short haul, or the types of traffics carried, but on the marketing policies and management skills employed within the organization.

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Sigakova, Ksenia. "Road Freight Transport Travel Time Prediction." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3031.

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Road freight transport travel time estimation is an important task in fleet management and traffic planning. Goods often must be delivered in a predefined time window and any deviation may lead to serious consequences. It is possible to improve travel time estimation by considering more factors that may affect it. In this thesis work we identify factors that may affect travel time, find possible sources of information about them, propose a model for estimating travel time of heavy goods vehicles, and verify this model on real data. As results, the experiments showed that considering time related and weather related factors, it is possible to improve accuracy of travel time estimation. Also, it was shown that the influence of a particular factor on travel time depended on the considered road segment. Furthermore, it was shown that different data mining algorithms should be applied for different road segments in order to get the best estimation.

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Bauer, Tomáš. "Railroad Transport Opportunity in Case of Consumer Goods." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75915.

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The thesis covers topics related to railway transport of consumer goods. First, basic attributes of rail transport such as economic characteristics, history, development in time, infrastructure, and standards are presented. Second, major agents of rail transport and their functions are described. Third, international standards and rules applying to the railway transport are discussed, including the outcomes of EU initiatives as well as COTIF regulations. Fourth, a brief overview of consumer goods as an object of transport and further applications are presented. In the fifth part, a portfolio of quantitative instruments is described. Sixth, the final case study deals with application of the developed theoretical framework on a real business situation.

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21

Ahmed, Said. "Optimization of goods transport for multimodal logistic platforms." Thesis, Lille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUI002.

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Ces dernières années, les problèmes environnementaux sont fortement associés à l'industrie des transports, les modes de transport de marchandises deviennent plus que la contribution la plus importante entre les autres secteurs. Malgré les avantages du transport intermodal, il a toujours des impacts négatifs, qui sont associés aux émissions. Cependant, la pollution est devenue intéressante entre les secteurs académique et industriel. Ainsi, pour atténuer les impacts négatifs du transport de marchandises, cela gagne de plus en plus en pertinence dans le domaine de la logistique. Pour répondre à ces enjeux et défis, pour identifier les apports de la logistique verte à l'optimisation du transport de marchandises, augmenter l'efficacité des opérations d'optimisation liées à la plateforme de transport multimodal.Le fonctionnement optimal du transport de conteneurs est particulièrement important lorsque le transport de marchandises de manière écologique peut être réalisé en combinant différents modes de transport et en coordonnant des activités telles que la recherche du chemin le plus court. Dans le système de transport multimodal de conteneurs, la sélection du mode de transport et de l'itinéraire a un effet important sur le processus de transport des conteneurs de transport. Dans cette thèse, pour organiser le transport multimodal de manière plus efficace, le facteur de routage des conteneurs est considéré avec le facteur de trajet du mode de transport. On étudie l'influence des caractéristiques incertaines du fonctionnement du nœud sur le mode de transport et le choix de l'itinéraire dans le processus de conversion du mode de transport du transport multimodal conteneurisé. Pour minimiser le coût total, un modèle de programmation mixte avec des contraintes de temps est introduit. La transformation graphique est utilisée pour transformer le problème en modèle de chemin le plus court avec des caractéristiques aléatoires et des contraintes de temps de transport dans les opérations de nœud. En vérifiant et en analysant les résultats, le chemin obtenu est acceptable d'un point de vue coût et temps. Ainsi, cela réduit la congestion du trafic et minimise les émissions. Dans le contexte de la congestion du trafic et de la réduction des émissions, cette thèse propose une technologie de peloton pour améliorer la consommation de carburant, la flexibilité routière et optimiser les opérations de transport de conteneurs. Dans cette thèse, un système de téléphérique pour le transport de petites marchandises est proposé et analysé afin de réduire la congestion du trafic dans la zone urbaine.La recherche conclue à l'optimisation des plates-formes de transport multimodal vise à réduire les impacts négatifs sur l'environnement et à maximiser la rentabilité en maximisant les services offerts qui minimisent le coût total de transport ainsi que le temps de transport entre chaque paire de nœuds Origine-Destination (OD) dans le réseau de transport. Ces travaux contribuent également à réduire les émissions de dioxyde de carbone en diminuant la consommation de carburants et en réduisant les coûts d'exploitation. Sur la base de ces travaux, des plates-formes de transport de conteneurs plus efficaces et efficientes peuvent être réalisées. Cette thèse introduit la base théorique de l'optimum de transport multimodal qui permet l'intégration entre différents modes. Parallèlement, il contribue à la logistique de l'efficacité du transport multimodal / intermodal
In recent years, environmental issues are highly associated with the transport industry, modes of goods transport become more than contribution as largest between other sectors. Despite the benefits of intermodal transport, it still has negative impacts, which are associated with emission. However, pollution has become interesting between academic and industrial sectors. Thus, to mitigate the negative impacts caused by goods transport, that gains more and more relevance in the logistics domain. To meet these issue and challenges, to identify the contributions that green logistics to the optimization of freight transport, the increase the efficiency of the multimodal transport platform related optimization operations.The optimal operating of container transport is particularly important where goods transport in an environmentally way can be achieved by combining different modes of transport and coordinating activities such as finding the shortest path. In the multimodal container transport system, the selection of the transport mode and route has a large effect on the transport container transport process. In this thesis, to organize multimodal transport in a more efficient manner the container routing factor is considered along with the path factor of transport mode. The influence of the uncertain characteristics of the node operation on the transport mode and route choice in the process of converting the transport mode from containerized multimodal transport is studied. To minimize the total cost, an integer mixed programming model with time constraints is introduced. The graphical transformation is used to transform the problem into the shortest path model with random characteristics and transport time constraints in the node operations. By verifying and analyzing the results, the path obtained is acceptable from a cost and time perspective. Thus, this reducing traffic congestion and minimizing emissions. In the context of traffic congestion and emissions reduction, in this thesis a platoon technology is proposed to improve to reduce fuel consumption, road flexibility and optimize container transport operations. In this thesis, a ropeway system for the transport of small-scale goods is proposed and analyzed to reduce the traffic congestion within the urban area.The research concluded to optimization multi-modal transport platforms aims to reduce negative impacts on the environment and maximize profitability maximizing the services offered that minimize the total transportation cost as well as minimize the transportation time between each pair of Origin-Destination (O-D) nodes in the transport network. This work also contributes to reducing carbon dioxide emissions by decreasing consumption fuels and reducing operating costs. Based on this work, more effective and efficient container transport platforms can be achieved. This thesis introduces the theoretical base of optimal of multi-modal transport which can integration between different modes. Meanwhile, it contributes to logistics of multi/inter-modal transport efficiency

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Mbiydzenyuy, Gideon. "Quantitative Assessment of Intelligent Transport Systems for Road Freight Transport." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00553.

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In this thesis, methods for using computer-based models as support tools for assessing Transport Telematic Services (TTSs) are studied. Such assessments provide one way to understand how TTSs can address problems caused by transportation, such as accidents, emissions, and energy consumption. TTSs are services based on telematic systems which are Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) involving the integrated use of information and communication technologies in transport. The focus is on TTSs that are relevant for road freight transport, even though the suggested methods can easily be adapted for TTSs in other areas. We characterize TTSs, e.g., in terms of their functionalities, and apply computer-based modeling for pre-deployment assessment of various TTSs (from an ex-ante perspective). By analyzing information provided by the suggested computer-based models, it is possible to make an informed decision whether to (or not to) deploy a given TTS. A review of previous studies reveals information about relevant TTSs for freight transport in areas such as driver support, administration, safety, traffic management, parking, and goods handling. A hierarchical clustering algorithm and a k-minimum spanning tree algorithm were employed to analyze synergies of TTSs. Synergies can enable identification of sets of TTSs that can lead to cost savings if deployed on a common platform (cf. Multi-Service Architectures). An analytical model inspired by the net present value concept is used to estimate quantified societal benefits of TTSs. An optimization model is formulated and solved using a branch and bound method to determine an optimal combination of TTSs taking into consideration societal benefits, costs, dependencies, and synergies. The optimization model also addresses possible system architectures for achieving multiple TTSs. Dominance rough set approach is used to assess and compare benefit areas for TTSs specific to truck parking. The benefit areas are suggested with the help of conceptual modeling, which describes functional models of a system in terms of states, transitions among states, and actions performed in states. The main scientific contributions of the thesis are in suggesting new quantitative models, extending and applying existing models in the assessments of TTSs, and obtaining results that can help decision-makers select TTSs for medium-to long-term investments. Researchers can employ and build on the proposed methods when addressing different scenarios (geographic or organizational) involving similar TTSs. By studying a range of TTSs and possible Multi-Service Architecture concepts for such TTSs, the thesis contributes to achieving convergence of TTSs in a Multi-Service Architecture environment that will improve cost efficiency, minimize redundancies, and encourage the establishment of standards in the deployment of TTSs in road freight transport. TTSs implemented in such an environment can contribute to optimizing available capacity, accuracy, speed, and efficiency of road freight transport systems.

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23

Savvidis, Dimitrios. "Road transport emissions in the real world." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540578.

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24

Turner, Mark. "Motion sickness occurrence in public road transport." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326821.

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25

Mayat, Mohammed. "Autonomous road transport systems : a stakeholder perspective." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34518/.

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Society has gripped the concept of road transport and has utilised it for social, personal and economic gain. Amidst the apparent benefits, a number of concerns exist around the dangers, congestion, and monetary loss associated with vehicular transport. To counteract this, the introduction of driverless vehicles is being discussed by manufacturers and the Government. Whilst there are a number of apparent benefits, there is an overwhelming need to consider public perception and acceptance of autonomous vehicles. This research study therefore investigates the aforementioned, analysing and presenting the major issues and concerns related to their uptake. An interview and focus group based approach was adopted for this research, using the Charmaz (2006) constructivist grounded theory methodology. Interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholders and the results of the study detailed that the environment the vehicle and user operate in presents associated issues influencing perceptions, and that technology acceptance is strongly influenced by levels of Motivation in Intention, Acceptance/Usage and Control. Furthermore, acceptance is perceived differently by various stakeholder groups, each with their individual concerns and speculations. The discussion of the study considers the gathered perception to ascertain how best to introduce autonomous vehicles to the public market, highlighting and satisfying the current implications of doing so. This study highlights the need for further research in this discipline, based on the identification of many knowledge gaps. Further work is discussed and recommended in order to combat the limitations and opportunities identified within this thesis.

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Phoenix, Joseph D. "Spatial Temperature Variation in Refrigerated Road Transport." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4418.

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This study evaluated the temperature variability that existed in refrigerated table grape consignments over a two-day journey from two suppliers in southern Spain, to client managed facilities in England. In order to inhibit senescence, perishable foods are transported in temperature-controlled transport to maximize shelf life. However, thermal dynamics suggests that uniform spatial temperature is not necessarily achieved despite a constant set point. As fruit exposed to suboptimal temperatures is more likely to exhibit undesirable quality issues, knowledge of spatial temperature can direct quality control team members to these potentially problematic pallets within an inbound shipment. Warmer temperatures were identified on the passenger side of both trailers, at the rear of both trailers, and in lower pallet layers. Furthermore, heightened temperature was recorded in lower pallet layers in close proximity to the refrigeration return unit. The Supplier 2 shipment, set at 4oC, exhibited more spatially uniform temperatures compared to the Supplier 1 shipment set at 1oC. This implies that an operational compromise may exist: a higher but more uniform temperature or a lower but more variable temperature. In addition, analysis of airflow distribution suggested that airflow could be improved specifically in lower pallet layers and towards the rear of the trailer. Improved circulation will promote improved temperature uniformity for quality maintenance.

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Fowkes, Andrew J. "Methods to inform the development of heavy goods vehicle speed limit policy." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309691.

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28

Allison, Duncan. "Longitudinal vibration of road vehicles." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284907.

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29

Moliner, Santisteve Enrique. "Contributions to the environmental assessment of road transport." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/126441.

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El objetivo de esta tesis es proporcionar un mayor grado de conocimiento sobre ciertos aspectos medioambientales del transporte por carretera que aún no han sido investigados en profundidad. En concreto, la tesis aborda las siguientes líneas de investigación: análisis del ciclo de vida (ACV) de los pavimentos de carreteras, ACV del ruido del transporte por carretera, y valoración de los costes externos del ruido del transporte por carretera.

La evaluación ambiental del transporte rodado se ha centrado fundamentalmente en los impactos ambientales de las emisiones atmosféricas de los vehículos que circulan por las carreteras, mientras que los impactos de la construcción, mantenimiento y fin de vida de las carreteras no han recibido demasiada atención. La metodología del ACV puede ser útil para abordar esta limitación, ya que tiene como objetivo evaluar los impactos ambientales asociados a todas las etapas del ciclo de vida de un producto o servicio desde la cuna hasta la tumba. En esta tesis se ha realizado un ACV exhaustivo de pavimentos de carreteras, y se ha desarrollado una herramienta de ACV para calcular de forma automática los impactos ambientales de los pavimentos. Se han analizado distintos tipos de pavimentos, incluyendo mezclas bituminosas en caliente (MBC, fabricadas a 165 °C), mezclas bituminosas templadas (MBT, fabricadas a 135 °C) mediante la adición de zeolitas sintéticas, y mezclas bituminosas con pavimento asfáltico reciclado (PAR). De este modo, se han evaluado los impactos ambientales asociados al consumo de energía y a las emisiones atmosféricas, así como otros impactos ambientales debidos a la extracción y procesado de minerales, betunes y aditivos químicos; fabricación de asfaltos; transporte de materiales; pavimentación; tráfico durante la vida útil del pavimento; transformación y ocupación del suelo; desmantelamiento del pavimento al final de su vida útil y su reciclaje o eliminación en vertedero. También se han realizado simulaciones mediante el método de Monte Carlo para tener en cuenta la variabilidad de ciertos parámetros de entrada críticos. Al considerar todo el ciclo de vida, se ha observado que los impactos de los pavimentos de MBT a base de zeolita son casi idénticos a los impactos de los pavimentos de MBC con el mismo contenido de PAR. La reducción de los impactos que se obtiene en las MBT al disminuir la temperatura de fabricación queda contrarrestada por los mayores impactos de los materiales utilizados, sobre todo los impactos de las zeolitas sintéticas. Por otro lado, al comparar mezclas bituminosas con distintos contenidos de PAR, se ha observado que los impactos de las mezclas se reducen de forma significativa al añadir PAR. Todos los impactos en las categorías "de punto final", así como los impactos en las categorías de cambio climático, agotamiento de recursos fósiles y demanda de energía acumulada, se han reducido un 13-14% mediante la adición de un 15% de PAR. Una ventaja clave de las MBT es el uso potencialmente mayor de PAR. Por lo tanto, la reducción de los impactos que se consigue añadiendo grandes cantidades de PAR a las MBT podría convertirlas en una buena alternativa a las MBC desde el punto de vista medioambiental.

A diferencia de otros contaminantes del transporte rodado (por ejemplo, las emisiones gaseosas), el ruido rara vez se incluye en los estudios de ACV, debido a que tiene ciertas particularidades (dependencia de factores locales, imposibilidad de agregar linealmente sus emisiones, etc.) que dificultan la evaluación de su impacto. La escasez de datos sobre ruido ha supuesto un inconveniente añadido para evaluar su impacto. Sin embargo, la publicación reciente de los mapas estratégicos de ruido ofrece la oportunidad de superar estas limitaciones. En esta tesis se ha desarrollado un método para evaluar el impacto del ruido del transporte rodado e integrarlo en el marco del ACV. Este método resuelve las limitaciones metodológicas observadas en otros trabajos previos y permite realizar las evaluaciones a partir de datos de los mapas estratégicos de ruido. Los impactos del ruido sobre la salud se cuantifican en DALYs (años de vida ajustados por discapacidad), posibilitando la comparación y agregación del ruido con otros contaminantes nocivos para la salud. La tesis también incluye un caso de estudio donde el método propuesto se ha aplicado para calcular el impacto del ruido causado por un vehículo pesado adicional en tres carreteras distintas. El impacto del ruido causado por el vehículo pesado varía considerablemente de una carretera a otra (hasta el punto de doblarse), debido a la dependencia del impacto del ruido de factores locales, como las condiciones de tráfico y la densidad de población cercana a las carreteras. La extrapolación de los resultados obtenidos para una carretera determinada a otras carreteras puede, por lo tanto, conducir a estimaciones erróneas de los impactos del ruido, siendo difícil predecir el error incurrido. Por esta razón, se recomienda realizar evaluaciones específicas del impacto del ruido para cada caso particular, siempre que haya datos de tráfico y de exposición al ruido. El método propuesto permite realizar tales evaluaciones de forma sencilla y eficaz a partir de datos públicos disponibles en los mapas estratégicos de ruido. Además, el impacto del ruido causado por el vehículo pesado se ha comparado y agregado con los impactos sobre la salud debidos al consumo de combustible y a las emisiones atmosféricas de ese mismo vehículo. El impacto del ruido ha supuesto entre el 2,58% y el 4,96% del impacto total causado por el vehículo pesado adicional. El ruido ha resultado ser la tercera categoría de impacto más significativa en términos de daños a la salud, únicamente superado por el cambio climático y por la formación de partículas. Por lo tanto, el ruido del transporte rodado puede tener un impacto significativo comparado con otras categorías de impacto evaluadas normalmente en el ACV, lo que justifica su inclusión como categoría de impacto habitual en los estudios de ACV del transporte rodado. Una solución eficaz para reducir los impactos ambientales del transporte rodado es internalizar los costes externos de tales impactos mediante instrumentos de tarificación; por ejemplo, tasas a los usuarios de las carreteras según la contaminación que producen. Estas tasas pueden alentar a los usuarios a utilizar tecnologías del automóvil más limpias y a optimizar sus comportamientos logísticos, mientras que los ingresos de las tasas pueden destinarse a reducir la contaminación en su origen y a fomentar la movilidad sostenible. La Directiva Euroviñeta permite a los Estados miembros de la UE aplicar tasas a los vehículos pesados con el fin de compensar los costes de la contaminación acústica que originan. Para ello, proporciona un método para el cálculo de los costes externos del ruido del tráfico rodado. Este método requiere el uso de factores de ponderación para cada categoría de vehículo y para cada período del día con vistas a permitir la diferenciación de los costes del ruido, sin embargo, la Directiva Euroviñeta no proporciona valores específicos o directrices para el cálculo de tales factores. Por esta razón, en esta tesis se ha desarrollado un método alternativo para calcular los costes externos del ruido del tráfico rodado en Europa. Asimismo, se han desarrollado factores de ponderación mejorados que constituyen la base del método propuesto. Estos factores son más fiables que los que se aportan en otros estudios, ya que están altamente diferenciados para reflejar de forma precisa la influencia de los factores clave, como la categoría de vehículo, la velocidad y el período del día. El método propuesto permite obtener tasas basadas en la distancia para cualquier categoría de vehículo (turismos, furgonetas, vehículos pesados, ciclomotores y motocicletas) y período del día (día, tarde y noche), mientras que el método de la Directiva Euroviñeta solo es aplicable a los vehículos pesados en los períodos diurno y nocturno. La tesis también incluye un caso de estudio donde el método propuesto se ha aplicado para calcular los costes medios del ruido por vehículo-kilómetro según la categoría de vehículo y el período del día para tres carreteras distintas. Los costes del ruido difieren considerablemente de una carretera a otra (hasta el punto de casi triplicarse), debido a la dependencia de los costes del ruido de factores locales. Si se hubiera aplicado un enfoque "top-down", como establece la Directiva Euroviñeta, los costes del ruido habrían sido iguales en todas las carreteras, lo cual no es coherente con el principio de "quien contamina paga", que debe regir la tarificación por el uso de la infraestructura vial. Por otro lado, se ha comprobado que la falta de diferenciación en base a la velocidad, que presentan los factores de ponderación aportados en otros estudios previos, puede llevar a errores significativos de los costes del ruido atribuibles a los vehículos de las distintas categorías. Si en el caso de estudio se hubieran aplicado los factores de ponderación de otro estudio, el error cometido habría variado entre -37,36% y -24,27% para los turismos y entre 30,24% y 57,46% para los vehículos pesados, dependiendo de la carretera. Por lo tanto, las tasas aplicadas a los vehículos pesados se habrían sobrestimado considerablemente, lo cual también es incoherente con el principio de quien contamina paga.

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Akena, p'Ojok Robert. "Improving road transport energy efficiency through driver training." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5275/.

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Fuel consumption by road vehicles is the most significant component of total road transport energy use and is significantly affected by driving style. This research was aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of driver training for fuel economy for drivers involved in the management and operations of a road network in England. A unique approach to driver training was designed and tested with 94 drivers of heavy, medium and light vehicles. The improvement in fuel economy (in terms of MPG) for the first month after the training was observed to improve by up to 7%. The improvements reduced at varying rates after the training suggesting the need for regular refresher training. The behaviours of the drivers were also observed to change as a result of the training, towards styles more suited to achieving a better fuel economy. The results suggest that both linear and logarithmic models could be suited to predicting the drivers' performances and could be integrated in models of the type of HDM-4 which currently lack such capability. The driver training methodology was found to be more cost effective than the Safe And Fuel Efficient Driving (SAFED) training method recommended by the Department for Transport (DfT).

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Bakhtyar, Shoaib. "Designing Electronic Waybill Solutions for Road Freight Transport." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11775.

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In freight transportation, a waybill is an important document that contains essential information about a consignment. The focus of this thesis is on a multi-purpose electronic waybill (e-Waybill) service, which can provide the functions of a paper waybill, and which is capable of storing, at least, the information present in a paper waybill. In addition, the service can be used to support other existing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) services by utilizing on synergies with the existing services. Additionally, information entities from the e-Waybill service are investigated for the purpose of knowledge-building concerning freight flows. A systematic review on state-of-the-art of the e-Waybill service reveals several limitations, such as limited focus on supporting ITS services. Five different conceptual e-Waybill solutions (that can be seen as abstract system designs for implementing the e-Waybill service) are proposed. The solutions are investigated for functional and technical requirements (non-functional requirements), which can potentially impose constraints on a potential system for implementing the e-Waybill service. Further, the service is investigated for information and functional synergies with other ITS services. For information synergy analysis, the required input information entities for different ITS services are identified; and if at least one information entity can be provided by an e-Waybill at the right location we regard it to be a synergy. Additionally, a service design method has been proposed for supporting the process of designing new ITS services, which primarily utilizes on functional synergies between the e-Waybill and different existing ITS services. The suggested method is applied for designing a new ITS service, i.e., the Liability Intelligent Transport System (LITS) service. The purpose of the LITS service isto support the process of identifying when and where a consignment has been damaged and who was responsible when the damage occurred. Furthermore, information entities from e-Waybills are utilized for building improved knowledge concerning freight flows. A freight and route estimation method has been proposed for building improved knowledge, e.g., in national road administrations, on the movement of trucks and freight. The results from this thesis can be used to support the choice of practical e-Waybill service implementation, which has the possibility to provide high synergy with ITS services. This may lead to a higher utilization of ITS services and more sustainable transport, e.g., in terms of reduced congestion and emissions. Furthermore, the implemented e-Waybill service can be an enabler for collecting consignment and traffic data and converting the data into useful traffic information. In particular, the service can lead to increasing amounts of digitally stored data about consignments, which can lead to improved knowledge on the movement of freight and trucks. The knowledge may be helpful when making decisions concerning road taxes, fees, and infrastructure investments.

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Goel, Asvin. "Legal aspects in road transport optimization in Europe." Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72189.

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Road freight transportation is subject to several legal requirements having direct impact on the practical applicability of routes and schedules. The vast majority of vehicle routing literature, so far, has largely focused on physical constraints such as capacity limits, or customer requirements such as time windows for pickups and deliveries. This paper studies legal requirements for long-distance haulage in the European Union, identifies some major gaps in the current state-of-the-art in vehicle routing, presents approaches for overcoming this gap, and analyzes the impact of the legal requirements studied.

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Du, Toit Elsa Elizabeth. "South African road transport requirements for sustainable growth." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10326.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The assumption that ownership of private motor vehicles as a right is questioned. This thesis is based on the hypothesis that in fact in the case of South Africa this will have many detrimental effects if allowed to continue. It is argued that for sustainable growth, other more attractive options exist. Developments in more developed countries are examined in order to prove that similar conclusions have been reached. The problem investigated in this thesis is therefore the non-sustainability of the continued growth of the private car population in South African urban centres. A literature survey was conducted on what other countries did with their transport problems but the same problem as in South Africa has not been encountered anywhere else in the world. South Africa therefore has a unique situation, which needs to be resolved in a unique way. There is increasing awareness elsewhere in the world that the causes of most of the problems experienced in the transport sector are deficiencies in the efficient operation of markets. Environmental costs are neglected or underestimated in transport prices. As a result, the individual transport user receives distorted price signals. Failure to respect economic principles results in waste, characterised in the transport sector by high accident rates, health problems, negative environmental impacts, financial constraints in the public transport sector and an increase in congestion that persist because users perceive them only indirectly.

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Ermolaev, Andrey. "Efficiency Of Road Transport Intermediaries In International Trade." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205783.

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The thesis is to provide comprehensive efficiency analysis of road transport intermediaries in terms of international trade between the Commonwealth of Independent States and the European Union. The analysis establishes particular patterns and provides solutions of how to increase financial effectiveness of the supply chain in case freight forwarding companies are involved in the process.

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Mbiydzenyuy, Gideon. "Assessment of Telematic Systems for Road Freight Transport." Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00481.

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The focus of this thesis is the assessment of telematic systems for road freight transport from a planning perspective. The aim is to support strategic decisions related to architectural choices for such systems, with the possibility to achieve synergies by supporting multiple telematic services. The past decade has witnessed enormous growth in cargo volumes resulting in increasing demand for transport capacity. To match this increasing demand only with expansion of infrastructure, e.g. road and vehicles, does not seem to be a sustainable strategy. One of the few approaches with the potential to improve the use of current transport capacity is the integrated use of modern information and communication technology, otherwise known as telematic systems for road transport, an important component within Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). This type of systems can deliver multiple services that can be used to improve the efficiency and safety of road freight transport. However, attempts to unleash the potential of telematic systems and make maximum possible use of the available transport capacity have been hindered by several challenges ranging from planning and design to development and deployment. Considering the large scope of possible telematic services that can potentially be deployed in road freight transport, this thesis suggests a framework in order to enable structured assessment of telematic systems. Based on the suggested framework, a set of potential transport telematic services are identified and a method for quantifying the value of the services to society is developed. The suggested method takes into account the expected impact on different transportation challenges, such as accidents, fuel consumption, and infrastructure maintenance. Quantitative methods are provided for studying the value of services sharing a common infrastructure. Using quantified benefits of services and costs of various functionalities required by telematic services, the concept of a multi-service architecture is investigated using optimization methods, which handles the multi-dimensional relations between different services that are otherwise difficult to analyze with traditional cost-benefit analysis. The analyses show which telematic services can be achieved with different approaches, such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication, vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, etc. Although multi-service architectures are promising, several challenges need to be overcome, including security, service quality, privacy, and business models. The knowledge gained from the work presented in this thesis can be valuable for different stakeholders, such as governments, service providers, and transport service users, in fostering the planning, design, development, and deployment of telematic systems in transport.

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McKune, Andrew. "The indirect impact of road freight transport - case study: N3 Johannesburg to Durban road freight corridor." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24302.

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South Africa's unique spatial challenges require more corridor transport relative to the size of the economy than most countries in the world. The overall aim of this investigation is to determine the estimated cost of the indirect impacts of road freight on the N3 corridor between Johannesburg and Durban. This corridor, approximately 600 kilometres in length, forms the link between the country's industrial hub (Johannesburg) and its key Port (Durban). The following research questions are posed: • What is the status quo of freight transport in a global, South African and Johannesburg to Durban Freight Corridor context? • What are the future growth forecasts for freight on the Johannesburg to Durban corridor? • What is the significance of freight transport in South Africa? • Does the reported total cost of road freight transport take into account a holistic approach when determining the costs? • How are direct and indirect impacts of road freight transport defined, and how do they differ? • What are the direct and indirect impacts of road freight transport? • What method can be used to assess the total indirect costs of all associated impacts? • What are the estimated costs of the indirect impacts of road freight transport on the Johannesburg to Durban Freight Corridor? • What are possible mitigation measures for the indirect impacts of road freight transport? • What will the estimated costs of the indirect impacts of road freight transport on the Johannesburg to Durban Freight Corridor be in over a 30-year horizon, when considering future projections and possible mitigation measures? • What are the alternative modes to road freight transport on the Johannesburg to Durban corridor?

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Nurhidayati, Zuni Asih. "Road Safety Perception Towards Sustainable Transport (A Case of Road Safety Programs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia)." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-35266.

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The number of fatalities due to traffic accidents to date has reached worrying levels. Thus, various research which concern on road safety programs were actively generated. The aims of this study is suggests a set of scheme on road safety policy improvement in Yogyakarta by firstly understanding the road user perception on current road safety programmes related to road safety problems, then analyse it along with other actor’s role in achieving sustainable transport. “The Five Pillars” as current road safety action plan, officially declared internationally by World Health Organization (WHO), have been conducted in many countries, including Indonesia to actualize safe mobility and “zero accident”. Using Yogyakarta as a case study within the research design, this qualitative study are conducting triangulation technique in data collection which referencing the “The Five Pillars” as standards of quality and verification. Judgement sampling is used for selected participants in several categories (senior high school students, college students and workers) as the subject and victim that mostly involved in road traffic accident. Furthermore, The Theory of Planned Behaviour, Sustainability, Value Creation and Hong Kong’s Transport Policy are several literature that have been used in theoretical part. Based on the results, it indicates there still existed a gap of perception between road users and road safety officer such as police, underlined the irregularities of some programmes implementation. Conclusions, the gap on road safety perception is emerge due to the existence of irregularities within the road safety programs implementation. The role of road user perception are contributed as feedback reccomendation, evaluation for stakeholders in policy implementation and programmes development such as enhancing a walkable city in future. Therefore, a set of improvement on stakeholder coordination, human resource management, public transport, infrastructure, and traffic law enforcement proposed as managerial implication in gaining sustainable transport (social, economic and environmental) Key Words: Road safety, sustainable transport, The Five Pillars, safe mobility, zero accident, perception, value creation, transport policy.

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Littlejohn, Christina [Verfasser], and Karen [Akademischer Betreuer] Pittel. "Taking the low-carbon road: Essays in road transport decarbonization / Christina Littlejohn ; Betreuer: Karen Pittel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238017282/34.

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Juhlin, Oskar. "Prometheus at the wheel : representations of road transport informatics /." Linköping : Tema, Univ, 1997. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp97/arts162s.htm.

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Borén, Sven. "Sustainable Personal Road Transport : The Role of Electric Vehicles." Licentiate thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11715.

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Electric vehicles can play an important role in a future sustainable road transport system and many Swedish politicians would like to see them implemented faster. This is likely desirable to reach the target of a fossil independent vehicle fleet in Sweden by 2030 and a greenhouse gas neutral Swedish society no later than 2050. However, to reach both these targets, and certainly to support the full scope of sustainability, it is important to consider the whole life-cycle of the vehicles and also the interaction between the transport sector and other sectors. So far, there are no plans for transitions towards a sustainable transport system applying a sufficiently wide systems perspective, in Sweden or elsewhere. This implies a great risk for sub-optimizations. The overall aim of this work is to elaborate methodological support for development of sustainable personal road transport systems that is informed by a strategic sustainable development perspective. The Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) is used as a foundation for the work to ensure a sufficiently wide systems perspective and coordinated collaboration across disciplines and sectors, both in the research and application. Maxwell’s Qualitative Research Design and the Design Research Methodology are used as overall guides for the research approach. Specific research methods and techniques include literature studies, action research seminars, interviews, and measurements of energy use, costs, and noise. Moreover, a case study on the conditions for a breakthrough for vehicles in southeast Sweden has been used as a test and development platform. Specific results include a preliminary vision for electrical vehicles in southeast Sweden, framed by the principled sustainability definition of the FSSD, an assessment of the current reality in relation to that vision, and proposed solutions to bridge the gap, organized into a preliminary roadmap. The studies show that electric vehicles have several sustainability advantages even when their whole life-cycle is considered, provided that they are charged with electricity from new renewable sources. Electrical vehicles also imply a low total cost of ownership and could promote new local ‘green jobs’ under certain conditions. Particularly promising results are seen for electric buses in public transport. As a general result, partly based on the experiences from the specific case, a generic community planning process model is proposed and its usefulness for sustainable transport system development is discussed. The strategic sustainable development perspective of this thesis broadens the analysis beyond the more common focus on climate change issues and reduces the risk of sub-optimizations in community and transport system development. The generic support for multi-stakeholder collaboration could potentially also promote a more participatory democratic approach to community development, grounded in a scientific foundation. Future research will explore specific decision support systems for sustainable transport development based on the generic planning process model.
GreenCharge

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Gachassin, Marie Castaing. "Transport et développement en Afrique : on the road (again?)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010046.

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La thèse commence par une revue de littérature narrative examinant l'étendue des impacts des routes sur le développement. L'hétérogénéité des résultats, données et méthodes rend difficile toute généralisation; on utilise alors une méta-analyse et on montre qu'un authentique effet des routes sur la pauvreté existe au-delà d'un biais de publication. La thèse présente ensuite 3 études de cas illustrant que l'effet des routes n'est pas systématique ni uniforme mais dépend des caractéristiques locales et individuelles des usagers. Le chapitre 2, basé sur l'ECAM2, montre que l'isolement aux routes bitumées est néfaste pour la consommation des ménages ruraux camerounais et que l'effet est renforcé pour les ménages agricoles comparés aux autres secteurs d'activité: l'isolement augmente la probabilité de travailler dans ce secteur ce qui en retour diminue la consommation. Il n'y a pas d'effet similaire sur la multiplication des revenus parmi les agriculteurs, par manque de potentiel local et individuel pour intégrer des activités secondaires rémunératrices. Le chapitre 3 utilise un panel de ménages de la région du Kagera en Tanzanie et montre que le bitumage des routes a diminué la migration à partir des zones initialement bien intégrées mais qu'elle a augmenté en provenance des zones moins bien dotées. Le chapitre 4 utilise les mêmes données et montre que l'éducation post-primaire est complémentaire de l'accès aux routes mais pas l'éducation primaire car les compétences acquises dans ce cycle ne sont pas suffisantes pour intégrer les opportunités ouvertes par la route. Si la route est certainement une condition nécessaire au développement, elle n'est en aucun cas suffisante.

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Cheung, Suk-ling, and 張淑玲. "The potential of intelligent transport system (ITS) development in road transport of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575680.

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Cheung, Suk-ling. "The potential of intelligent transport system (ITS) development in road transport of Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575680.

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Dodoo, Nii Amoo. "A new approach for allocating pavement damage between heavy goods vehicles for road-user charging." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430344.

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Zanule, Paul Gudoi. "Road Management System and Road Safety in Uganda." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/368.

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Traffic collisions cost Uganda millions of dollars each year. The purpose of this descriptive case study was to describe the strategies and processes needed to implement a road management system. Such a system would significantly reduce the fatalities and accidents in Uganda, improve the transportation within Kampala's business district, and increase business profitability. Three conceptual theories framed the research study: management theory, strategic management theory, and criminology theory. Using a snowball sampling strategy, data were collected from open-ended interviews, questionnaires, observations, and archived documents from 20 administrative participants in the government and organizational leaders involved in the transport operations and transport services in the Kampala business district in Uganda. Data were analyzed using 3 phases: (a) interpretational analysis, coding, and grouping segments; (b) structural analysis, consistency, and quality; and (c) reflective analysis, consequences, what, when, where, and how. Five themes or action requirements emerged from the data analysis: to improve transport operations and transport services profitability, reduce traffic jams and fatalities, provide sufficient driving training, maintain road infrastructure, and maintain traffic law enforcement. The findings and recommendations from this study may improve the profitability of businesses, reduce the traffic jams and fatalities, and improve the gross domestic product of Uganda, thereby contributing to positive social change.

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Berdica, Katja. "TraVIS for Roads - Examples of Road Transport Vulnerability Impact Studies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3438.

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Yu, Ka-yi Carrie, and 俞嘉儀. "Hong Kong's environmentally sustainable transport: rail-based or road-based?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260688.

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Yu, Ka-yi Carrie. "Hong Kong's environmentally sustainable transport : rail-based or road-based? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425982.

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Nurhadi, Lisiana. "An Approach to Business Modeling for Sustainable Personal Road Transport." Licentiate thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11830.

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Between 1950 and 2013 the total amount of Swedish travelling has increased from about 20 billion to about 140 billion passenger kilometers. This included an increase in travelling with private cars from about 3 billion to about 105 billion passenger kilometers, and in bus travelling from about 2.5 billion to about 5 billion passenger kilometers. The European commission has indicated that public transportation (if powered by clean fuels) is a suitable way to reduce environmental and health problems. This thesis focuses on sustainable personal road transport, and aims to develop and test a new approach to examining the economic and socio-ecological sustainability effects of various road vehicles for private travelling and related business models. A special focus is set on comparing various bus systems for public transport and ways (business models) for private people to access cars. The main comparison parameters are the total cost of ownership and carbon dioxide emissions of different energy carriers for buses and cars. The Design Research Methodology is used to guide the research approach. The approach also builds on the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development, which includes, for example, principles that define any sustainable future and a strategic planning process. The approach first employs Strategic Life Cycle Assessment to give a quick overview of sustainability challenges in each bus life cycle stage from raw materials to end of life. Several analysis tools such as Life Cycle Costing, Life Cycle Analysis, Product Service System, and Business Model Canvas mapping are then iteratively used to ”dig deeper” into identified prioritized challenges. Literature reviews, interviews, and simulations are used as supporting methods. The results from a first theoretical test of the new approach suggest that a shift from diesel buses to electric buses (powered by renewable energy) could significantly lower carbon dioxide emissions, while also significantly lowering the total cost of ownership. The theoretical calculations were followed up by testing of electric buses in real operation in eight Swedish municipalities. The tests verified the theoretical results, and showed that electric buses are better than diesel buses both from a sustainability point of view and a cost point of view, and also that electric bus operation is a practically viable alternative for public transport. The new approach was tested also by comparing a variety of business models for private car travelling. The results indicate, among other things, that only people who travel more than 13.500 kilometers per year would benefit from owning a car. In all, the thesis suggests a simultaneous shift from diesel buses to electric buses in public transport and, for the majority of the car drivers that drive less than 13.500 kilometers per year, switching from car ownership to car use services would be favourable for an affordable transition of the transport sector towards sustainability.

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Mak, Miu-ho. "Environmentally friendly transport system in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35313894.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Road transport of goods'

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