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Journal articles on the topic 'Roadies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Ahmedova, R. K., D. N. Selimhanov, and A. R. Abdullaev. "THE MAIN PROBLEMS INTHE RECONSTRUCTION OF ROADS IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN." EurasianUnionScientists 4, no. 4(73) (May 12, 2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.4.73.671.

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The article deals with the main problems in the reconstruction of mountain roads. The main reasons for the need to perform works on reconstruction and bringing the existing network of roads in mountainous areas in accordance with the requirements of traffic safety are given. The characteristic of the main types of works which are provided at reconstruction of mountain roads for improvement of their transport and operational qualities is given. The problems of widening of the roadbed, roadway and roadsides affecting the modes and traffic safety during the reconstruction of mountain roads are considered. The sequence of work on the feasibility study of the width of the roadway and the roadbed in the reconstruction of mountain roads is proposed

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2

Ginger, Clare. "Interpreting Roads in Roadless Areas." Administration & Society 29, no. 6 (January 1998): 723–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009539979802900610.

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3

Hughes, Alice C. "Global roadless areas: Hidden roads." Science 355, no. 6332 (March 30, 2017): 1381.1–1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aam6995.

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4

Martín-Montalvo, J. M., and E. García-Vaquero. "La emulsión bituminosa como alternativa ecológica en las estabilizaciones de suelos para firmes, en vías de baja intensidad de tráfico." Informes de la Construcción 45, no. 425-426 (August 30, 1993): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1993.v45.i425-426.1187.

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5

Haronian, Eran, and Rafael Sacks. "ROADELS: discrete information objects for production planning and control of road construction." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 25 (April 1, 2020): 254–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2020.015.

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Road construction is fundamentally different to building construction, in terms of its products, the types of work and operations, and the resources used. One of the key differences from the point of view of planning and control of production flow is that roads are composed of geometrically continuous courses rather than discrete ‘products’, making work packaging difficult. Clearly defined work packages that comprise work performed on distinct products are central to lean construction methods of planning and control, such as the Last Planner System. We therefore propose a product schema which models road sections with distinct road course segments that are dynamically defined aggregations of 'roadels'. A roadel is a fine-grained vertical triangular prism object that can be dynamically aggregated with other roadels to represent a road course segment associated with a work package, a planned task, or an as-built section. The schema represents the continuous nature of road construction, and its discrete entities enable representation and computations of as-made work using the raw data obtained from machine-mounted sensors and land surveys. We describe the information schema and illustrate its use for computation and analysis of lean production flow metrics. The schema has been tested using case study data from a 25,000 m2 parking lot project, which was modeled with more than 560,000 roadels with as-made status data collected from 33 working days over a period of two months.

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6

Huang, Chong Wei, Er Hao Su, Xian Zhi Shao, Yi Zhang, and Lie Ping Wang. "Monolithic Roadbed's Mechanical Behavior Affected by Structural Thickness under Tram." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1664.

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Based on ABAQUS software, a 3-D finite element model which content the nonlinear contact problems and contact-earth subgrade-monilithic was given to analysis the mechanical behavior of the monolithic roadbed. Mechanics behavior and deflection of the monolithic roadbed, deflection and compressive stress of earth subgrade evaluated in detail with respect to varied structure layer combination and materials parameters. The results indicate that the increase roadbed thickness can significantly reduce the monolithic roadbeds tensile stress, which can reach 1.042MPa. With the increase of the friction coefficient, level of tensile stress σdy, monolithic deflection Dd , the compressive stress σsz and deflection on earth subgrade were slightly reduced.

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7

Li, Yunzhao, Junbao Yu, Kai Ning, Siyao Du, Guangxuan Han, Fanzhu Qu, Guangmei Wang, Yuqin Fu, and Chao Zhan. "Ecological Effects of Roads on the Plant Diversity of Coastal Wetland in the Yellow River Delta." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/952051.

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The 26 sample sites in 7 study plots adjacent to asphalt road and earth road in coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta were selected to quantify plant diversity using quadrat sampling method in plant bloom phase of July and August 2012. The indice ofβTand Jaccard’s coefficient were applied to evaluate the species diversity. The results showed that the plant diversities and alien plants were high in the range of 0–20 m to the road verge. There were more exotics and halophytes in plots of asphalt roadside than that of earth roadside. However, proportion of halophytes in habitats of asphalt roadsides was lower than that of earth roadside. By comparingβ-diversity, there were more common species in the asphalt roadsides than that in the earth roadsides. The similarity of plant communities in studied plots of asphalt roadsides and earth roadsides increased with increasing the distance to road verge. The effect range of roads for plant diversity in study region was about 20 m to road verge. Our results indicate that the construction and maintenance of roads in wetland could increase the plant species diversities of communities and risk of alien species invasion.

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8

Li, Linhao, Guangcheng Long, Chaoneng Bai, Kunlin Ma, Meng Wang, and Sheng Zhang. "Utilization of Coal Gangue Aggregate for Railway Roadbed Construction in Practice." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 4583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114583.

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As a massive solid waste, the high value-added utilization of coal gangue has received more and more attention in China. This study focuses on the utilization of coal gangue aggregate in railway engineering for coal transportation passage. Coal gangue aggregate was employed as high-grade railway subgrade filler andprepared concrete for roadbed drainage (named coal gangue roadbed protecting concrete—CGRPC). First, the basic properties of coal gangue such as particle size distribution, ignition loss, strength change under water softening, and compression performance were measured. Then, the technology to use coal gangue as filler in railway subgrade was put forward based on a real engineering application with the Jingang coal-carrying railway special line. Field tests showed that the coal gangue roadbed had excellent performance. The dynamic stiffness expressed as K30 was more 130 MPa/m, which meets the requirement for high-speed railway roadbeds. The distribution of vertical earth pressure according to the backfill depth showed a linear growing tendency. Finally, the technical and economic benefits of using coal gangue railway roadbeds were analyzed. The application of coal gangue near the railway line not only solved the problem of aggregate shortage in engineering construction, but it also consumes the coal gangue waste and leads to huge social benefits.

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9

Lemke, Andreas, Sascha Buchholz, Ingo Kowarik, Uwe Starfinger, and Moritz von der Lippe. "Interaction of traffic intensity and habitat features shape invasion dynamics of an invasive alien species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in a regional road network." NeoBiota 64 (March 24, 2021): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.64.58775.

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Road corridors are important conduits for plant invasions, and an understanding of the underlying mechanisms is necessary for efficient management of invasive alien species in road networks. Previous studies identified road type with different traffic volumes as a key driver of seed dispersal and abundance of alien plants along roads. However, how the intensity of traffic interacts with the habitat features of roadsides in shaping invasion processes is not sufficiently understood. To elucidate these interactions, we analyzed the population dynamics of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), a common non-indigenous annual species in Europe and other continents, in a regional road network in Germany. Over a period of five years, we recorded plant densities at roadsides along four types of road corridors, subject to different intensities of traffic, and with a total length of about 300 km. We also classified roadsides in regard to habitat features (disturbance, shade). This allowed us to determine corridor- and habitat-specific mean population growth rates and spatial-temporal shifts in roadside plant abundances at the regional scale. Our results show that both traffic intensity and roadside habitat features significantly affect the population dynamics of ragweed. The combination of high traffic intensity and high disturbance intensity led to the highest mean population growth whereas population growth in less suitable habitats (e.g. shaded roadsides) declined with decreasing traffic intensity. We conclude that high traffic facilitates ragweed invasion along roads, likely due to continued seed dispersal, and can compensate partly for less suitable habitat features (i.e. shade) that decrease population growth along less trafficked roads. As a practical implication, management efforts to decline ragweed invasions within road networks (e.g. by repeated mowing) should be prioritized along high trafficked roads, and roadside with disturbed, open habitats should be reduced as far as possible, e.g. by establishing grassland from the regional species pool.

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10

Lin, Kun Hu, Jyh Dong Lin, Pei I. Chang, and De I. Chen. "Taipei City Smooth Pavement (Luping) Project." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.901.

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This thesis explains that Taipei City actively conducted various municipal constructions to create a proactive city with global perspectives. Road construction was undoubtedly one of the major tasks, thus Taipei promoted the Luping Project to improve roads under a project management model. The plan was to complete renovation of all main road in the city in six years, from 2009 to 2014. It has been over four years now (2013) since the initiation of the Luping Project began in 2009. The promotion has executed from the aspects of technology, system and management through standardization of construction procedure, popularization of education and training and fulfillment of excavation management to solve problems including too many and uneven manholes, poor roadbed, rough roads and poor durability. The outcomes of manhole reduction, roadbed improvement and smoothness of roads have been quite well these past three years, and have been approved by citizens.

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11

Apsemetov, M. Ch, A. B. Kurbanbaev, N. A. Osmonkanov, K. J. Kalykov, and M. Amirali uulu. "CHARACTERISTIC DAMAGE TO ROAD STRUCTURES DURING EARTHQUAKES." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 1-2020 (April 6, 2020): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2020.1.6-9.

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12

Brisson, Jacques, Sylvie de Blois, and Claude Lavoie. "Roadside as Invasion Pathway for Common Reed (Phragmites australis)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 4 (December 2010): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-09-050.1.

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AbstractThe rapid progression of an invasive genotype of common reed along roads and other linear infrastructures in North America provides one of the most spectacular examples of the role of transportation corridors as invasion pathways. In this paper, we discuss ecological patterns and processes in roadside habitats important for understanding the invasion dynamics of common reed from coastal areas inland. Frequent disturbances in roadsides combined with potentially high levels of nutrients from adjacent land and stress conditions (from deicing salt and other pollutants) mimic the conditions unfortunately found more and more in natural wetlands. The novel contribution of roads is the creation of linear wetlands with an unprecedented level of connectivity. Genetic evidence shows that invasion inland coincides with the intensification of the road network. Time series analysis of remote sensing data reveals impressive rates of invasion of roadsides and other linear infrastructures, suggesting prime conditions for common reed in these novel habitats. Whereas reed dispersal along roads was thought to be largely due to rhizome transport, new evidence suggests a significant contribution of sexual reproduction and seedling establishment, likely enhanced by climate warming at northern latitudes. There is little evidence that other wetland plants can slow down vegetative expansion of common reed in roadside habitats, but plant cover could prevent seedling establishment and shading by shrubs and trees limit lateral clonal expansion. The fact that common reed possibly provides water treatment and other ecosystem services in roadsides must be carefully weighed against the threat to biodiversity in natural systems. All this begs for investigating urgently if, where, and how we should intervene without compromising the great value of wetlands of conservation interest intersected by roads.

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13

Wiącek, Jarosław, Marcin Polak, Marek Kucharczyk, and Sylwia Zgorzałek. "The influence of traffic noise on birds." Budownictwo i Architektura 13, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 075–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1927.

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The dynamic development of road infrastructure negatively influences the natural environment and animals using habitats near roads. The main negative effects of this process are primarily: loss and fragmentation of habitats. Another problem is an increase in pollutants and noise intensity in the vicinity of roads. An important problem is negative influence of traffic noise on animals and especially birds. Road noise generate by vehicles disturb vocal communication between birds, mainly in the time of pair formation and early incubation period. Difficulties in communication evoked by noise seem to be one of the main problems in functioning in noisy surroundings. The main functions of birds’ singing are related with territorial defence and mating a partner. Another important effect on birds’ functioning near roads results in the masking of important biological signals due to noise. Masking important signals for territorial defence or partner selection can have as a consequence a negative influence on reproductive success. Species of birds which emit low frequency sounds are particularly exposed to this negative impact. As a results of traffic noise the changes in the volume and frequency of emitted sounds during singing are observed. Some authors pay attention to such factors as local climate or habitat and vegetation structure, because they have an important influence on the propagation of traffic noise. Most of the studies carried out previously concerns the breeding season, and only a few works to describe the impact of noise on birds during migration or wintering. The most frequently reported problem for researchers is to assess the densities of breeding birds near the roadside. The majority of species react with a drop in numbers at roadsides. There are species which are also known to appear with higher density at roadsides. Usually this is related with a richer plant vegetation structure at roadsides and the appearance of the so-called “edge effect”. Some results indicate that bird density at forest peripheries can reach values 40% higher than in the deep forest. An explanation of causes for such a state of matters are the higher numbers of invertebrates found at forest edges. The important factor influencing bird populations breeding at roadsides is also nest predation. Noise and visual disturbance can modifying predator pressure near roads.

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14

Zomeni, Maria, and Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis. "Roads and Roadless Areas in Cyprus: Implications For The Natura 2000 Network." Journal of Landscape Ecology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2014-0010.

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Abstract The road network in Cyprus has seen an 88% increase in the last 20 years. This expansion has not been followed by any kind of assessment on the effects of the network on nature conservation. This is the first island-wide quantitative assessment of the size, character (surface types), pervasiveness and distribution of the road system with particular reference to Natura 2000 network on the island. We mapped roadless areas (i.e. areas at least one km away from nearest road) for the whole island and examined the spatial distribution with respect to Natura 2000. We tested the relationship between overall road density and road density of different road categories within terrestrial Natura 2000 sites to four zones which were defined on the basis of landform, principal land use and ownership. We employed three indices i.e. effective mesh size, splitting and division to measure fragmentation caused by the road network within Natura 2000 and investigated the relationship between road density and the above fragmentation metrics. Mean road density in Cyprus is 2.3 km/km2 which is comparable to road density values recorded in other Mediterranean countries such as France, Spain and Italy, which have much larger area and population. Roadless areas cover 4.5% of the island, and despite being scattered 80% is found within Natura 2000, which demonstrates the added value of the network for nature conservation. Road expansion has taken place throughout the island with the same intensity irrespectively of the zones examined. Fragmentation has been lower in sites on mountainous areas where sites are larger and under state ownership. Road density is negatively correlated (r = - 0.383, p = 0.05) with effective mesh size and positively correlated with both landscape division (r = 0.376, p = 0.05) and splitting index (r = 0.376, p = 0.05). Results corroborate that spatial configuration is an important property of the road network in addition to traffic load, length and density.With the shift from site based conservation to landscape level there is a challenge for integrating technical, human and ecological requirements into infrastructure planning.

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15

Zhang, Yuzhi, Jianghui Bei, Pei Li, and Xiaojie Liang. "Numerical Simulation of the Thermal-Hydro-Mechanical Characteristics of High-Speed Railway Roadbeds in Seasonally Frozen Regions." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 3, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8849754.

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A multiphysics mathematical model of high-speed railway (HSR) roadbeds is necessary to facilitate a good level of understanding of the frost heaving mechanism. Based on the classical hydrodynamic model and fundamental thermoelasticity theories, we propose a thermo-hydro coupled model, based on the soil-water characteristic curve and solid-liquid ratio as the relation equations, with the effects of the ice-water phase change and water migration due to temperature change considered. With the linear expansion coefficient related to the temperature and the mass of ice content in roadbeds as the relation equation, we establish a macroscopic thermal-hydro-mechanical model for unsaturated soil to calculate the roadbed deformations. Based upon the field data of a typical cross section of the Harbin-Dalian HSR roadbed, the variation of the thermal-hydro-mechanical characteristics is simulated and studied. The results demonstrate that the increase of water content in the roadbed’s central line mainly appears in soil layers at depths less than 1.2 m and most ice-containing soil layers are at depths less than 0.6 m. Under the driving force of thermal and hydraulic migration, the vertical displacement of the west shoulder is increased to 18 mm. Then the settled maximum surface unevenness reaches 16 mm between the shoulder and centre line.

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16

Heinrichs, Steffi, Aníbal Pauchard, and Peter Schall. "Native Plant Diversity and Composition Across a Pinus radiata D.Don Plantation Landscape in South-Central Chile—The Impact of Plantation Age, Logging Roads and Alien Species." Forests 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9090567.

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Alien tree plantations are expanding globally with potential negative effects for native biodiversity. We investigated plant species diversity and composition in a Pinus radiata landscape in south-central Chile, a biodiversity hotspot, by sampling understory vegetation in different plantation age classes, along forest roads and in natural forest remnants in order to find effective conservation measures for native biodiversity. Plantations, including different age classes and roadsides, maintained high native species richness at the landscape scale but supported a completely different community composition than natural forests. Thus, natural forest remnants must be conserved as plantations cannot replace them. Certain natural forest species occurred frequently in mature plantations and can represent starting points for retaining natural elements in plantations. Generalist native and alien species benefited from plantation management, mainly in young plantations and along roadsides. Stand maturation and a closed canopy, though, reduced alien species occurrences within plantations. Along roads, shade-tolerant aliens should be monitored and removed as they can potentially invade natural forests. Native species conservation in plantations requires a holistic approach of the full mosaic of land uses including the protection of remaining natural forests, alien species monitoring along roadsides and patches with continuous canopy cover to reduce pressure by alien species.

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17

Sakhapov, Rustem, Marat Makhmutov, Regina Nikolaeva, and Muhammat Gatiatullin. "Asphalt granulate coating for roadsides." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824502003.

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The safety of road trains and other vehicles, the cost of maintenance and repair of roads largely depend on how well designed and calculated the design of the pavement. The research of many scientists and engineers is devoted to the design of pavement. Quantitative and qualitative changes in traffic flows cannot but affect the actual condition of road pavement and coatings, as well as the requirements for their operational condition. Road clothing is a structure that includes several layers of different materials, the base of which is the ground of the roadbed. The idea of deformability of the soil mass as a continuous homogeneous half-space has been developed for a long time and now continues to improve. Different technologies for the restoration of structural layers of the road surface were considered. On the basis of this work, it is possible to analyze the study of the state of roadsides and can be given suggestions for improving the calculation of the structures of their strengthening. As a result of the study, the reduction coefficients for the calculated vehicle were calculated with a different combination of longitudinal and transverse slopes of the roadway, a proportional increase in which will allow obtaining the reduction coefficients for all vehicles available in the flow, taking into account the slopes of the roadway.

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18

Sakhapov, Rustem, Marat Makhmutov, Regina Nikolaeva, and Muhammat Gatiatullin. "Asphalt granulate coating for roadsides." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824503014.

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The safety of road trains and other vehicles, the cost of maintenance and repair of roads largely depend on how well designed and calculated the design of the pavement. The research of many scientists and engineers is devoted to the design of pavement. Quantitative and qualitative changes in traffic flows cannot but affect the actual condition of road pavement and coatings, as well as the requirements for their operational condition. Road clothing is a structure that includes several layers of different materials, the base of which is the ground of the roadbed. The idea of deformability of the soil mass as a continuous homogeneous half-space has been developed for a long time and now continues to improve. Different technologies for the restoration of structural layers of the road surface were considered. On the basis of this work, it is possible to analyze the study of the state of roadsides and can be given suggestions for improving the calculation of the structures of their strengthening. As a result of the study, the reduction coefficients for the calculated vehicle were calculated with a different combination of longitudinal and transverse slopes of the roadway, a proportional increase in which will allow obtaining the reduction coefficients for all vehicles available in the flow, taking into account the slopes of the roadway.

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19

Churilin, Vladimir, Sergei Efimenko, Oleg Matvienko, and Viktor Bazuev. "Simulation of stresses in asphalt-concrete pavement with frost heaving." MATEC Web of Conferences 216 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821601011.

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The article reviews the issue of the stress-strain state of the road surface in the winter period as a result of roadbed soil heaving. The main purpose of the work is to determine the stress fields in the asphalt-concrete pavement, which is necessary for designing of frost-resistant roadbeds in the areas with seasonal freezing of roadbed soils. The following research methods were used: theoretical, laboratory, field. With consideration of different properties of materials and geometric dimensions of the road surface section, stress fields in the asphalt-concrete pavement during freezing were obtained with the use of the software product. Comparison of theoretical studies with the results of experimental and full-scale tests showed that the forms of theoretical solutions describe the stress fields in the freezing asphalt-concrete pavement quite accurately.

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20

Zhu, Xiao Bin, Jun Min Shen, and Zhang Xiao. "Longitudinal Cracking Reasons and Prevention of Widened Pavements of Old Roads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1555.

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This paper focuses on the construction quality control of broadened roadbeds and all structure layers of pavements, proposes construction control methods and corresponding treatment measures, combining the design features and the main points of construction of some provincial roads project, aiming at the asphalt pavement longitudinal cracking in highway reconstruction.

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21

Макарова, Ю., and Yu Makarova. "Investigation of the rate of penetration of liquid into the soil of the embankment of the earthen cloth." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (January 30, 2018): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a3d0656ee07b2.99342186.

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The timber road can be called one of the most significant elements of the timber industry complex, therefore, the construction of highways plays an important role not only in the effective development of the timber industry complex, but is also an indispensable element for all spheres of human activity. Considering currently available ways of transporting timber, the development of road transport becomes the most effective in the conditions of our country. Despite of this, transport infrastructure in the main forest regions is poorly developed due to the strong impact of unfavorable factors. Therefore, the paramount task for specialists is improving the quality of roads. The key problem of the majority of logging roads is the loss of strength characteristics due to the influence of unfavorable climatic conditions on them. In promising forest regions, it is expressed in strong over-moistening of soils, occurrence of floods, mudflows. The impact of floods on the surface of slopes of the earth road bed reduces its service life and leads to premature aging and deformation. Considering the rate of penetration of liquid into the soil of roadbed as a variable value, we set ourselves the goal of deriving the differential equation of fluid motion in a porous medium under the influence of external loads. When carrying out a study of the rate of penetration of liquid into the soil of the roadbed, Newton's second law was taken as the basis. Having written in more detail the values of water mass layer impregnating the surface of the earth roadbed and forces acting on the surface of the slope of the roadbed and including the force of the fluid pressure, the resistance force of the slope surface and the resistance force of the protection structure, we obtained the required equation. Using the solution of the differential equation of fluid motion in the soil of the roadbed under the influence of external loads, it is possible to determine the value of the rate of penetration of liquid into the soil of earth roadbed at different values of filtration path at any time moment.

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22

Cetys-Ratajska, Grażyna. "Roads and Roadless Tracts of the Interwar Literary Criticism. About Jan Nepomucen Miller’s Universalism." Dialogue and Universalism 17, no. 3 (2007): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du2007173/456.

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23

Sallis, Eva, Paul Best, and Roger Taylor. "Interview: Cultural Roadie." AQ: Australian Quarterly 70, no. 6 (1998): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20637779.

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24

Трофименко, Yuri Trofimenko, Якубович, and A. Yakubovich. "Method for Assessment of Risk of Auto-Roads’ Functionality Loss in Territories of Long-Term (Eternal) Permafrost in Connection with Projected Climatic Changes." Safety in Technosphere 5, no. 5 (October 25, 2016): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24148.

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The risk of auto-roads’ functionality loss in the territories of the long-term (eternal) permafrost in connection with predicted climatic changes is estimated on road structure’s reliability value with use of the existing regulating legal documents. The quantitative risk assessment of functionality loss has been carried out by methods of probabilistic and statistical simulation for the main auto-roads in permafrost zone. It has been shown that in the climatic conditions typical for Russia’s cryolithic zone, increase in air temperature by 1 degree causes an essential increase of risk for an auto-road’s functionality loss. Temperature regime’s contrast change is the second significant factor influencing the risk.

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25

Gavrilenko, T. V., and S. S. Kotlova. "APPLICATION OF THE DRIVER QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING ROAD SAFETY." National Association of Scientists 2, no. 26(53) (2020): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2020.2.53.165.

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The results of a questionnaire survey of 87 drivers of motor transport enterprises, conducted in order to identify factors affecting traffic safety in terms of perception of the road by the driver, are presented. In the list, which included 11 factors, it was necessary to put down points as their impact on traffic safety decreased. A 10 point scale was applied. The score averaged over the number of questionnaires was calculated for each factor, according to which the factors were ranked in decreasing average score. The most dangerous factors were those associated with potholes, cracks and uneven surfaces. The least significant are the factors associated with stagnation of water on the roads, the formation of erosion on the roadsides and slopes of the roads and dust cover.

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26

Bezerra, Barbara Stolte, Dayane Thomazi Maia, and Rosane Ap Gomes Battistelle. "Safety and sustainability paradoxes: the case of large trees on roadsides of high speed roads." Latin American J. of Management for Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/lajmsd.2018.091324.

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Bezerra, Barbara Stolte, Dayane Thomazi Maia, and Rosane Ap Gomes Battistelle. "Safety and sustainability paradoxes: the case of large trees on roadsides of high speed roads." Latin American J. of Management for Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/lajmsd.2018.10012452.

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28

McClure, Christopher J. W., Heidi E. Ware, Jay Carlisle, Gregory Kaltenecker, and Jesse R. Barber. "An experimental investigation into the effects of traffic noise on distributions of birds: avoiding the phantom road." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1773 (December 22, 2013): 20132290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2290.

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Many authors have suggested that the negative effects of roads on animals are largely owing to traffic noise. Although suggestive, most past studies of the effects of road noise on wildlife were conducted in the presence of the other confounding effects of roads, such as visual disturbance, collisions and chemical pollution among others. We present, to our knowledge, the first study to experimentally apply traffic noise to a roadless area at a landscape scale—thus avoiding the other confounding aspects of roads present in past studies. We replicated the sound of a roadway at intervals—alternating 4 days of noise on with 4 days off—during the autumn migratory period using a 0.5 km array of speakers within an established stopover site in southern Idaho. We conducted daily bird surveys along our ‘Phantom Road’ and in a nearby control site. We document over a one-quarter decline in bird abundance and almost complete avoidance by some species between noise-on and noise-off periods along the phantom road and no such effects at control sites—suggesting that traffic noise is a major driver of effects of roads on populations of animals.

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Tarasov, P. I., M. L. Khazin, and O. V. Golubev. "The evolution of quarry vehicles." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 2 (2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2021-2-67-74.

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The article considers the possibility of using quarry technology in the construction of a roadbed. Stable roadbed is the basis of a railway track, for its construction rocky, clay soils or sedimentary massifs are usually used. During the construction of the roadbed, heavy vehicles and special equipment (ice rinks, excavators, bulldozers, etc.) are used. Mining and road construction works, despite their diversity, consist of repeated identical operations: digging of the earth (mountain) mass, its loading and transportation, unloading into the dump or laying. For the production of these works, the same type of equipment is used: excavators, bulldozers, scrapers, graders and dump trucks. Most of the newly discovered explored deposits are located in the northern territories of Russia, so there is a high probability of launching intensive construction of railways and roads. The construction of transport high-ways is the most material-intensive area for the use of non-metallic materials and is associated with the movement of significant volumes of earth mass. In addition, the cost of performing earthworks is quite significant, so the correct choice of the method and means of mechanization of these works is a necessary condition for their successful implementation. For the construction of transport corridors under conditions of low-load soils and off-road conditions of the Arctic and northern territories of Russia, it is proposed to develop new types of vehicles based on BelAZ heavy duty quarry vehicles, which allow building embankments for roads and railways up to 10 m high (and in exceptional cases even more). When building transport highways and, if possible, preserving the environment, it is of great importance to reduce the cost of transporting earthen mass by reducing the consumption of fuel and lubricants, which account for 15-25 % of the total cost of operating powerful off-road vehicles.

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Merzlikin, V. G., G. I. Bolkina, and L. N. Ignatova. "Effective and Ecological Technologies of Application of Structured Materials for Roadbed in the Permafrost Regions." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 950–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.950.

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The work is devoted to effective and ecological technologies for the application of functional structured materials for roads, railways, airfields on permafrost with forced cooling of the sub-soil foundation. The physical and mathematical simulation of the thermal state of frozen ground with single and double-layer coatings was performed. The temperature profiles of a model combine roadbed on the longstanding permafrost have been calculated at winter conditions of the Northern Hemisphere. This roadbed include an upper surface coating with low thermal conductivity and high emissivity in the long-wavelength IR range at convective-radiative heat exchange. The second high-conductive subsurface coating is laid on the underlying sub-soil and ensures its cooling as the “heat pump”. The efficiency of the proposed technology of roadbed construction based on the use of non-toxic waste of numerous industrial productions. The carried out research will be in demand for the specialists of transport support, engineering glaciology, in the field of climatology, oceanology, construction, environmental measures, and also in the presentation of financial and economic forecasts of the prospects for the development of polar and subpolar regions, the Arctic and the Antarctic, and high-mountain.

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Klaeger, Gabriel. "INTRODUCTION: THE PERILS AND POSSIBILITIES OF AFRICAN ROADS." Africa 83, no. 3 (August 2013): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972013000211.

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Roads and automobility on the African continent are commonly encountered with a rather ambivalent stance, both by Africans and Africanist scholars. This ambivalence emerges from what Adeline Masquelier describes as the ‘profoundly contradictory nature of roads as objects of both fascination and terror’ (2002: 381). In her widely received article on ‘road mythographies’ surrounding Niger's Route 1, Masquelier draws a vivid picture of the ‘contradictory aspects of the road as a space of both fear and desire’ (ibid.: 831). She highlights, in particular, how roadside residents perceive automotive travel as ‘a process fraught with risky and contradictory possibilities’ (ibid.: 832). A ‘pioneering study in the ethnography of roads’ (Campbell 2012: 498), Masquelier's account of people's profound ambivalence towards roads, mobility and transport in post-colonial Niger has been a source of inspiration for a range of scholars who have explored in a similar vein the intricate entanglement of people with (auto)mobility, space and modernity, both in Africa and elsewhere (see, for example, Khan 2006; Klaeger 2009; Dalakoglou 2010; Hart 2011). Five articles in this volume press ahead with the analytic theme of the ambivalence of roads. Through their historic analyses and ethnographic observations, the assembled case studies from Senegal, Ghana, Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania give a strong sense of how the perils and possibilities of roads, roadsides, traffic and transport have been and continue to be embraced in the everyday lives of colonial and post-colonial subjects.

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Chu, Julie, Tina Harris, Agnieszka Joniak-Lüthi, Madlen Kobi, Galen Murton, Nadine Plachta, Matthäus Rest, et al. "Editorial." Roadsides 001 (February 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190011.

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Joniak-Lüthi, Agnieszka. "Introduction: Infrastructure as an Asynchronic Timescape." Roadsides 001 (February 2019): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190012.

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Maertens, Carolin. "Back to the Future: The Aftermath of Soviet Modernity in Tajikistan’s Pamirs." Roadsides 001 (February 2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190017.

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Irvine, Richard D. G. "Tailbacks in Time, East Anglia." Roadsides 001 (February 2019): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190018.

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Martínez, Francisco, and Tarmo Pikner. "The Infrastructural Side Effects of Geopolitics: Fortuitous Socio-Biological Modifications to Three European Borders." Roadsides 001 (February 2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190014.

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Strebel, Ignaz, Moritz F. Fürst, and Alain Bovet. "Making Time in Maintenance Work." Roadsides 001 (February 2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190013.

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Bennett, Mia M. "Midnight Blues in the Melting Arctic." Roadsides 001 (February 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190016.

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Gergan, Mabel D. "Geological Surprises: State Rationality and Himalayan Hydropower in India." Roadsides 001 (February 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190015.

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Pigg, Stacy Leigh. "The Penstocks." Roadsides 002 (August 2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190022.

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van Duppen, Jan. "Picturing Diversions: The Work/Play of Walking on London Pavements." Roadsides 002 (August 2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190027.

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Correia, Joel E. ""Arrested Infrastructure: Roadwork, Rights, Racialized Geographies." Roadsides 002 (August 2019): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190023.

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Normington, Marta. "Ora et Labora: Buddhist Nuns as Road Builders in Zanskar." Roadsides 002 (August 2019): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190029.

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Boyle, Edward, and Mirza Zulfiqur Rahman. "Labouring for Connectivity in Arunachal Pradesh." Roadsides 002 (August 2019): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-201900211.

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dillon, daniel. "Stories from a Jaffna Auto Stand." Roadsides 002 (August 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190025.

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Plachta, Nadine, and Subas Tamang. "Labor Geographies: Uneven Infrastructures in Nepal’s Rana Period." Roadsides 002 (August 2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190028.

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Hänsch, Valerie. "Sudanese Industrial Sound: Sonic Labour in a Truck Workshop." Roadsides 002 (August 2019): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190026.

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Sabhlok, Anu, and Noor Sharma. "Expeditions Along the Precipice: Circulations that Construct India’s Border Roads." Roadsides 002 (August 2019): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190024.

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Murton, Galen. "Introduction." Roadsides 002 (August 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-20190021.

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Marschall, Tobias, and Till Mostowlansky. "Affective Labor: Afghanistan’s Road to China." Roadsides 002 (August 2019): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/roadsides-201900210.

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