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1
M, Mostafa Hassan. "Road Maintenance in Africa: Approaches and Perspectives." E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183801005.
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In Africa, roads are the dominant mode of passenger and freight transport, for which the need is growing rapidly. It is noticeable that most of the African countries do not do enough to ensure the sustainability of road infrastructure as it has been widely reported that roads are affected, to varying degrees, by premature deterioration. Most of the African countries have adopted institutional reforms, notably entailing the creation of road funds and road agencies, and made significant progress on road maintenance. However, many challenges remain to be addressed in all of them to ensure appropriate maintenance. Although spending on road maintenance has increased over time in all African countries it remains insufficient to cover the needs. Poorly maintained roads constrain mobility, significantly raise vehicle operating costs, increase accident rates and their associated human and property costs, and aggravate isolation, poverty, poor health, and illiteracy in rural communities. This paper focuses, in particular, on road maintenance in some African countries considering types of road maintenance and the different approaches aiming at a comparison to reflect on similarities and differences.
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Z. Ncube, Prince, Priviledge Cheteni, and Kholeka P. Sindiyandiya. "Road accidents fatalities trends and safety management in South Africa." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (November 10, 2016): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-3).2016.05.
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Road related fatalities remain high in South Africa compared to other African nations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of road accident fatalities in South Africa’s transport sector. The determinants were examined using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The results suggest that drunken driving, paved roads and use of seatbelts are some of the determinants in the number of road related fatalities. The study recommends that the South African government put strict measures in dealing with drunk driving that has contributed to the unnecessary loss of life, especially during holiday periods. Keywords: drunk driving, road safety management, Haddon matrix, enforcement, seatbelts. JEL Classification: O18, R41, Z00, Z18
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Craffert, Pieter F. "Mapping Current South African Jesus Research: the Schweitzerstrasse, the Wredebahn and Cultural Bundubashing." Religion and Theology 10, no. 3-4 (2003): 339–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430103x00114.
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AbstractWright'.s well-known distinction between the Schweitzerstrasse (the third questers) and the Wredebahn (the Jesus Seminar) in historical Jesus research is supplemented by a third approach, referred to as cultural bundubashing, which describes an interpretive, interdisciplinary and cross-cultural approach to historiography. An analytical distinction is made between these three trends which, like the roads in South Africa: toll roads (the Wredebahn), alternative routes (the Schweltzerstrasse) and off-road travelling (cultural bundubashing), offer divergent driving experiences, alternative perspectives on the same scenery and often unique features and scenes. Current South African contributions to historical Jesus research are mapped according to this grid.
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Sanchez Perez, Ricardo, and Gernot Mannsbart. "Improving the durability of roads in Africa – How geosynthetics are helping to improve the durability of roads." E3S Web of Conferences 368 (2023): 02034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336802034.
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It is widely known that one of the biggest challenges for Africa’s development today is its infrastructure development. It is estimated that there are $2.5 trillion in active infrastructure projects which should be completed by 2025. Even if not all projects will be completed, it shows the importance of infrastructure development in the continent. This infrastructure development includes, in its vast majority, the improvement of the road network. At the same time, asphalt degradation (and road cracking) is a worldwide problem which causes a big challenge to road and transport authorities all around the world, with a big impact in Africa as it can take a big part of the budget assigned to the road network. The premature cracking of roads implies having to invest, prematurely, more funds into road rehabilitation rather than developing the actual network. For this reason, increasing the durability of roads has become a major concern in the last years. We will go through one of the highest growing solutions which is asphalt reinforcement geocomposites and how its proper design and installation can drastically improve the design life of roads. Practical examples in Africa (recent and old) will be presented to show the benefits and how we adapt to the local conditions.
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Modipa, Mmakwena. "Exploration of Distracted Road Users in Road Traffic Accidents in South Africa." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i9.380.
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Distracted road users contribute to high rate of road traffic accidents globally and it is also prevalent in South Africa where many road users lose their lives on the road due to distraction. The inability of road users to adhere to the rules of the road with regard to the use of cell phones, driving while impaired, walking while impaired and all other means of distraction while on the road is a major problem in South Africa. Road users should be focused on the road and follow the rules of the road and avoid other aspects which could derail their journey and lead up to fatality as it is the case on South African roads. This article focused on distracted road users who contribute to high rate of road traffic accidents in South Africa. The article is based on a qualitatively rooted methodology including a wide range of primary and secondary sources. The article further draws on the findings from the world on road safety and formulate steps to road traffic accidents as a result of being distracted on the road. The research based key steps leading to prevention of road traffic accidents as a result of being distracted on the road in South Africa.
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Van Zyl, G. D., M. G. Henderson, and H. G. Fourie. "Optimizing Low-Volume Road Network Performance Through Improved Management, Design, and Construction." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-38.
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The Provincial Administration of the Western Cape in South Africa is responsible for 18,900 km of proclaimed roads, of which 10,500 km are unsurfaced. A formal gravel road management system has been in operation since 1989 that assists in prioritizing projects for regraveling and upgrading gravel roads to surfaced standards. Because of fund limitations for upgrading gravel roads to surfaced roads, there is a need to optimize performance of the gravel road network and maximize use of knowledge and latest research results for southern Africa. Staff shortages and loss of in-house expertise made external assistance necessary to improve service to road users. Processes formalized, implemented, and planned for this purpose included ( a) upgrading the gravel road management system to quantify benefits, prioritize activities, and select maintenance and improvement measures; ( b) appointing consulting engineers in each district to help manage borrow pits, materials design, training, construction supervision and quality control, maintenance planning and control, and performance monitoring; ( c) communication about project priorities, construction programs, work methods, construction team performance, and activity costs; and ( d) development of an operational web-enabled system to manage all activities related to unsurfaced roads. Within 1 year, a remarkable difference in gravel road performance was observed without a significant reduction in productivity. Total transportation costs were lowered with only a marginal increase in agency costs. Continuous communication among system operators, design engineers, project managers, and construction teams is considered one of the most important aspects in optimizing performance of the Western Cape low-volume road network. This study highlights the most important changes in management, systems, design, and construction and the practical innovations responsible for the successes achieved as a potentially valuable aid to those involved with providing and maintaining low-volume roads.
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Klaeger, Gabriel. "INTRODUCTION: THE PERILS AND POSSIBILITIES OF AFRICAN ROADS." Africa 83, no. 3 (August 2013): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972013000211.
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Roads and automobility on the African continent are commonly encountered with a rather ambivalent stance, both by Africans and Africanist scholars. This ambivalence emerges from what Adeline Masquelier describes as the ‘profoundly contradictory nature of roads as objects of both fascination and terror’ (2002: 381). In her widely received article on ‘road mythographies’ surrounding Niger's Route 1, Masquelier draws a vivid picture of the ‘contradictory aspects of the road as a space of both fear and desire’ (ibid.: 831). She highlights, in particular, how roadside residents perceive automotive travel as ‘a process fraught with risky and contradictory possibilities’ (ibid.: 832). A ‘pioneering study in the ethnography of roads’ (Campbell 2012: 498), Masquelier's account of people's profound ambivalence towards roads, mobility and transport in post-colonial Niger has been a source of inspiration for a range of scholars who have explored in a similar vein the intricate entanglement of people with (auto)mobility, space and modernity, both in Africa and elsewhere (see, for example, Khan 2006; Klaeger 2009; Dalakoglou 2010; Hart 2011). Five articles in this volume press ahead with the analytic theme of the ambivalence of roads. Through their historic analyses and ethnographic observations, the assembled case studies from Senegal, Ghana, Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania give a strong sense of how the perils and possibilities of roads, roadsides, traffic and transport have been and continue to be embraced in the everyday lives of colonial and post-colonial subjects.
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Modipa, Mmakwena. "Analysing factors contributing to road traffic accidents in South Africa." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 4 (June 5, 2022): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i4.1715.
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Road Traffic accidents is a major problem worldwide even in South Africa is a leading killer on the road. Human factor is a main contributory factor to fatalities on the road as many road users are not adhering to the rules of the road. The inability of road users to understand and interpret the rules of the road is a major problem on South African roads. This article focus on preventive measures to curb factors contributing to road traffic accidents in South Africa. The article is based on a qualitatively rooted methodology including a wide range of primary and secondary sources such as documents from Road Traffic Management Corporation, academic books, articles, dissertations, thesis and reports from non-governmental organisations focusing on road safety. The article further draws on the findings from the world on road safety and formulate steps to counteract road traffic accidents in South Africa. Awareness of road safety play a critical component in changing the behaviour of the road users other than just focusing on reducing road traffic accidents. The research based key steps leading to the prevention of road traffic accidents. The first step related to increasing law enforcement officials on the road; awareness campaigns to change the behaviour of road users; capacitate law enforcement agencies with resources to address non-compliance on the road; provide anti- corruption strategies in the law enforcement agencies.
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Molefe, Edward Kagiso, and Katleho Daniel Makatjane. "ROADS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRADE FACILITATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION APPROACH." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE 8, no. 3 (2020): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejef.2020.08.03.001.
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Trade facilitation is effectively linked to the capacity of existing transport infrastructure. Therefore, the development of transport related infrastructure plays a pivotal role in ensuring that this policy is fully implemented. The primary objective of this current study is to empirically examine the extreme effects of roads transport infrastructure on the implementation of trade facilitation policy (trade simplification and harmonization) in South Africa. This follows the fact that almost 90 per cent of cargo in South Africa and other SADC countries is transported using roads transport. The Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVECM) is adopted in this current study to estimate nonlinear effects of roads transport infrastructure on trade facilitation policy. Moreover, this study employs the Ali-Mikhail-Haq copulas and uses the residuals of the TVECM to predict the extreme dependence between roads transport infrastructure and trade facilitation. The results obtained in this study discovered that an estimated TVECM (1) was a good framework for interpreting the co-movement of roads transport infrastructure and trade facilitation in South Africa. The study concluded that roads transport infrastructure has extreme effects on trade facilitation since the correlation margins of the variables are extremely tight. Therefore, without proper roads transport infrastructure in place, trade simplification and harmonization as stipulated in the trade facilitation policy will remain a challenge in South Africa. This will also have a detrimental effects on imports and exports of South Africa since trading will continue to be time consuming and costly.
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Righi, Michele, and Nick Gardner. "Sustainable roads for fragile states in Africa." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 169, no. 5 (May 2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jcien.15.00042.
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Ramessur, S., B. Seetanah, and S. Rojid. "Roads and Poverty: New Evidences from Africa." Journal of Poverty 14, no. 2 (April 30, 2010): 166–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10875541003711722.
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Jones, D., P. Paige-Green, and E. Sadzik. "Development of Guidelines for Unsealed Road Assessment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-42.
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The assessment of unsealed roads in South Africa has, up to now, been done on an ad hoc basis with a variety of individual standards and has produced highly subjective results. A standard visual assessment manual has been developed to provide a single, unified objective system of unsealed road evaluation in South Africa and southern Africa. The assessment techniques, as well as standard descriptors of the various distress modes, are clearly defined in the document. Examples of the content and application of the document are provided and discussed.
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Mphekgwana, Peter M. "Influence of Environmental Factors on Injury Severity Using Ordered Logit Regression Model in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (February 21, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5040435.
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Globally, road traffic accidents are a major cause of death and severe injuries. It is estimated that the number of deaths on the world’s roads at 1.5 million per annum puts road traffic injuries as the eighth leading cause of death globally. Understanding the influence of environmental factors on deaths and severe injuries will help in policy-making and the development of strategies in Limpopo Province. We, therefore, aim to study environmental factors that influence road deaths and severe injuries and to identify whether their impact on injury severity levels varies. The study was based on secondary data on road traffic accidents obtained from the Department of Roads and Transport in Limpopo Province. The data comprised 18 029 road traffic accidents for the period January 2009–December 2015. The study found that weekends (Saturdays and Sundays) had the highest number of accidents when compared to weekdays. The proportion of observations in each severity level was not constant across explanatory variables. The generalized ordered logit regression (GOLR) models seemed to be an effective predicting model that can be adapted to determine the influence of environmental factors on injury severity compared to the ordered logit regression (OLR) model. The results of the GOLR model suggest that environmental factors such as slippery road conditions, rainy weather, and spring season lower the likelihood of severe crash occurrence. On the other hand, poor or defective road surface, time interval (6 a.m. to 11 p.m.), and provincial roads have a higher likelihood of severe crash occurrence. To decrease the severity of injuries in the province, provincial roadways must be maintained regularly.
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Berg, Claudia N., Brian Blankespoor, and Harris Selod. "Roads and Rural Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Development Studies 54, no. 5 (February 24, 2018): 856–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1430772.
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Emuze, Fidelis A., and Dillip Kumar Das. "Regenerative ideas for urban roads in South Africa." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 168, no. 4 (December 2015): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.14.00041.
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DJEMAI, Elodie. "Roads and the spread of HIV in Africa." Journal of Health Economics 60 (July 2018): 118–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.05.004.
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Harding, Robin. "Attribution And Accountability: Voting for roads in Ghana." World Politics 67, no. 4 (August 3, 2015): 656–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887115000209.
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Do voters in Africa use elections to hold governments accountable for their performance in office? In contexts of limited information and weak state capacity, it can be difficult for citizens to attribute the provision of public goods and services to political action. As a result, voters often have little information about government performance on which to condition their electoral support. Such contexts are frequently characterized by clientelism or ethnic politics, and there is a widespread impression that African elections are little more than contests in corruption or ethnic mobilization. Using an original panel data set containing electoral returns and detailed information on road conditions throughout Ghana, the author provides robust evidence that when a public good can be attributed to political action, as is the case with roads in Ghana, electoral support is affected by the provision of that good. The author also uses data on a variety of educational inputs to test the claim that votes are conditioned only on attributable outcomes.
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Chibwe, Joseph, and Leah Musenero. "Comparative Analysis of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer-Cone Penetration Rate Design Approach against Other Methods Used for Upgrading of Low Volume Roads: Case of Uganda and Zambia." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (September 15, 2019): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119853570.
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Low volume roads form a significant part of the road network in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). During the dry season, these often unsurfaced (predominantly gravel) roads generate a lot of dust which is a health hazard and has adverse effects on the environment. In the wet season, some sections of these roads become impassable thereby limiting accessibility and disrupting economic activities. Rapid depletion of gravel sources for road construction has rendered the re-graveling of these roads unsustainable. On the other hand, upgrading these roads to bituminous standard using conventional design approaches would be costly given the vastness of the network in question. For sustainability, it is imperative to explore alternative approaches for design of low volume sealed roads (LVSR). Research in the region has highlighted the dynamic cone penetrometer-cone penetration rate (DCP-DN) method as one such plausible approach. In the DCP-DN design approach, the DN value is used directly, without correlation with the California bearing ratio (CBR). This paper provides a comparison of the DCP-DN pavement design method with other common methods for design of LVSR in SSA—particularly Uganda and Zambia. In both countries, the DCP-DN method was found to be a promising alternative for pavement design of LVSR in relation to potential reduction in cost of implementation of the pavement layers that resulted from the design.
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Adedayo Adedeji, Jacob, and Xoliswa E. Feikie. "Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa." Put i saobraćaj 67, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/67.04.01.
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Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.
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Adedayo Adedeji, Jacob, and Xoliswa Feikie. "Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa." Put i saobraćaj 67, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.67.04.01.
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Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.
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Agujetas Perez, Marta, Fredu Nega Tegebu, and Frank van Steenbergen. "Roadside Planting in Ethiopia: Turning a Problem into an Opportunity." Sustainability in Environment 1, no. 2 (August 16, 2016): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v1n2p98.
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<p> </p><p><em>Roads have both positive and negative impacts in the areas surrounding them. With the expansion of roads growing at an inexorable speed in Ethiopia and all Sub-Saharan Africa, these impacts need to be well understood. A questionnaire was used to gather information on road-related impacts on the rural population. A total of 529 sample households were selected in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. The three most common consequences cited by respondents in order of importance were dust, flooding and erosion. Close to 44% of the respondents said that the occurrence of dust has increased after construction of the road. The reduction of yield estimated by farmers ranges from 10% to 50%. Close to 11% of the sample households faced decline in crop production and income due to dust lifted up from roads. The breakpoint for road dust occurred approximately at 200 to 280 meters from the road. Roadside plantations along rural roads have proven to mitigate road-related impacts and restore the ecological balance. When linked to rural development programs, roadside planting can create employment while generating a reliable source of income for rural communities. </em></p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>
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Deych, T. L. "China in Africa: Neo-Colonial Power or “Win-Win” Strategy?" Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 5 (December 3, 2018): 119–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-5-119-141.
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The article deals with China’s policy in Africa in the last decade. As the analysis shows, China is increasing steadily its presence in Africa, not only in the countries rich in resources, although the resources, especially oil, remain of particular importance for the Chinese economy, but also in the poor in natural resources and little attractive from the strategic point of view states. The author analyzes the features of China’s diplomacy on the continent, China-Africa trade relations, the activities of Beijing as a donor and investor in Africa. Special attention is paid to “One belt – one road” initiative, which takes the important place in today’s China strategy, and to role, which African countries, located on the crossroads of the land and sea “silk roads”, play in this initiative. The Chinese strategy envisages the implementation of infrastructure projects, including the construction of railways and highways, aviation communications, energy projects, industrial parks, and construction of seaports in coastal countries. The growth of Beijing’s investments in African economy and the expansion of the spheres of its influence on the continent are the subjects of close attention of politicians, scientists and media. On the one hand, they link with China’s policy the economic growth of African countries, some of which have entered into the ranks of the fastest growing states of the world. On the other hand, they accuse Beijing in “neo-colonial policy”, claiming that China is guided by its own interests, far from the African interests, and violates human rights and environmental standards in struggle for resources. The author concludes that an objective analysis of the various aspects of Beijing’s activities in Africa in the last decade, as well as the assessment of this activity by Africans in the course of interviews, may allow to establish the truth.
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Mfinanga, David A., and Lusekelo A. Mwakyami. "Improving the Design of Low Volume Sealed Roads in Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v31i2.427.
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The main objective of the study was to identify appropriate road designs for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSRs) with the aim of improving the design of such roads in Tanzania. The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam and Morogoro regions in Tanzania where data for LVSRs were collected from primary and secondary sources in the two regions. The study found that by using an improved pavement design method specifically meant for LVSRs results in cost savings for LVSRs of up to 51% compared with the conventional method of pavement design in Tanzania. The study recommends that the pavement design method for lightly trafficked sealed roads in southern Africa developed by Transport Research Laboratory, which was found to be most cost-effective, be used to design (or develop a procedure for design of) LVSRs in Tanzania and that the roads be preferably sealed with Otta seal or Surface dressing. The study also recommends that LVSRs in Tanzania be defined by a maximum traffic volume of 400 vpd.
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Bryceson, Deborah Fahy, Annabel Bradbury, and Trevor Bradbury. "Roads to Poverty Reduction? Exploring Rural Roads' Impact on Mobility in Africa and Asia." Development Policy Review 26, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 459–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2008.00418.x.
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Williams, Samual T., Wendy Collinson, Claire Patterson-Abrolat, David G. Marneweck, and Lourens H. Swanepoel. "Using road patrol data to identify factors associated with carnivore roadkill counts." PeerJ 7 (March 29, 2019): e6650. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6650.
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As the global road network expands, roads pose an emerging threat to wildlife populations. One way in which roads can affect wildlife is wildlife-vehicle collisions, which can be a significant cause of mortality through roadkill. In order to successfully mitigate these problems, it is vital to understand the factors that can explain the distribution of roadkill. Collecting the data required to enable this can be expensive and time consuming, but there is significant potential in partnering with organisations that conduct existing road patrols to obtain the necessary data. We assessed the feasibility of using roadkill data collected daily between 2014 and 2017 by road patrol staff from a private road agency on a 410 km length of the N3 road in South Africa. We modelled the relationship between a set of environmental and anthropogenic variables on the number of roadkill carcasses, using serval (Leptailurus serval) as a model species. We recorded 5.24 serval roadkill carcasses/100 km/year. The number of carcasses was related to season, the amount of wetland, and NDVI, but was not related to any of the anthropogenic variables we included. This suggests that roadkill patterns may differ greatly depending on the ecology of species of interest, but targeting mitigation measures where roads pass through wetlands may help to reduce serval roadkill. Partnering with road agencies for data collection offers powerful opportunities to identify factors related to roadkill distribution and reduce the threats posed by roads to wildlife.
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Wang, Guangsheng, Zhiyi Lei, Tong Yu, Cheng Zhang, Haijun Sun, and Jéssica Saturnino Sabino de Sousa. "Logistics Performance Evaluation in West Africa." Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems 2, no. 1 (November 23, 2022): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fcis.v2i1.2967.
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With containerization and supply chains stimulating global trade each country has to apply measures and new strategies in order to maintain or develop a relevant position in this area. West Africa have now the support and financial power to reach their full potential. By betting in infrastructure reform and resource integration, West African countries might achieve the desired goal of construction, industrialization and a better layout of sea and airports that enables the interconnection of transportation infrastructures. Therefore, this thesis research focuses on the study and optimization of logistics performance evaluation through West Africa. Firstly, evaluating the current status of the logistics system in West Africa. Secondly, since the problem is complex and dynamic, to ensure the evaluation is successful, this research will mainly analyze and focus on the central logistics crossing the West African region; assess the intra-regional logistics systems and develop the logistics systems based on the importance of coastal ports, roads, railways and waterways present in the key geographical points. Lastly, by crossing the actual West African regional statistics with past data and outlooks, a reliable source of information will help establish an optimal futuristic expectation.
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Ambunda, R., and M. Sinclair. "Traffic safety and the rural road environment: Assessing the impact of combined roadway conditions on crash incidence." Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering 64, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2022/v64n4a4.
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This study was designed to explore the combinational effect of the roadway and traffic characteristics of national rural roads on fatal and serious-injury crashes in Namibia. Namibia, like many other countries in Southern Africa, experiences high numbers of high-severity crashes, particularly on its rural road network. The study applied Generalised Poisson regression models to analyse the study dataset. The results indicate that high-severity crashes are almost always influenced by a combination of factors, not simply the presence of a single factor. For example, on higher-order roads, a higher proportion of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream had the highest absolute impact on high-severity crash levels, but this effect was heightened when hilliness, wider lanes, surfaced shoulders and higher operating speeds were also present at the same time. On lower-order roads a higher proportion of light vehicles in the traffic stream had the highest absolute impact on high-severity crashes, and again this was compounded in the presence of wider unpaved shoulder widths and higher operating speeds. Overall, wider lane widths and wider unpaved shoulder widths, especially when found in combination with each other, were linked to a subsequent increase in higher-severity crash levels on higher-order roads. The study shows conclusively that the development of safer roads relies not on simply implementing minimum safety standards for individual design elements, but on understanding the relationship between features of road design, traffic parameters and road safety, to recognise which coincidences of factors affect crash risks on different classes of road. This knowledge can result in more careful road design so that crash likelihood is reduced.
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Pienaar, WJ (Wessel). "Resource consumption analysis in the governance of transport infrastructure in a developing country." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 3 (2016): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rcgv6i3art13.
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This paper provides a detailed estimate of fuel consumption rates for six representative vehicle classes on different types of rural roads in South Africa for use in macroscopic analysis during road planning. The vehicle classes are: Cars, light petrol-driven vehicles other than cars, light goods vehicles, medium-sized goods vehicles, heavy goods vehicles and buses. Measured and estimated fuel consumption rates on different paved and unpaved rural road types in flat, rolling and mountainous terrain are supplied
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Malherbe, Misha, Trevor McIntyre, Tarryn V. Hattingh, Paige M. Leresche, and Natalie S. Haussmann. "Mammal road‐type associations in Kruger National Park, South Africa: Common mammals do not avoid tar roads more than dirt roads." Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 22 (October 26, 2021): 15622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8190.
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Stević, Željko, Dillip Kumar Das, and Miloš Kopić. "A Novel Multiphase Model for Traffic Safety Evaluation: A Case Study of South Africa." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 11, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5584599.
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Identification of key indicators that cause safety challenges and vulnerable roads is crucial for improving traffic safety. This paper, therefore, entails to the development of a novel multiphase multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) model to evaluate the vulnerability of urban roads for traffic safety. This was conducted by using data from 17 important roads of a South African city and combining several methods such as CRiteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC), data envelopment analysis (DEA), and measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS). Taking the elements of the DEA method, two new approaches for calculating the weights of criteria, the DEA-1 and DEA-2 models, were formed and integrated with the CRITIC method to obtain the final values of criteria weights. The MARCOS method was applied to evaluate 17 alternatives, for each direction separately. The aim of developing such a model is to use the advantages of obtaining objectivity of criteria weights through linear programming and correlation of values of the collected data. Also, the MARCOS method, as one of the newer and applicable methods, provides additional significance. Extensive sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the model. The findings suggest that there are a certain number of roads that have a high level of safety for both directions, as well as a group of risky roads, which need traffic improvement measures. Thus, the results indicate that the model is sensitive to various approaches and can prioritize vulnerable roads comprehensively based on which safety measures can be taken.
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Setiadji, B. H., A. K. Indriastuti, and Y. Rivani. "The use of deflection bowl parameters to evaluate the structural condition of the North Coast Corridor of Java Island." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1065, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1065/1/012018.
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Abstract Monitoring the structural condition of the pavement is a very important process to be carried out periodically because it can estimate the damage that occurs as early as possible. However, this process is still constrained due to the limited non-destructive pavement response measuring instrument available and the lack of expertise in analyzing the structural condition of the road from the results of field measurements. Currently, the deflection bowl parameter method is one of the methods developed in research in South Africa to provide a more user-friendly method in determining the indication of the bearing capacity of the pavement layers. The use of this method in Indonesia is still limited, so this study aimed to evaluate the suitability of its use on roads in Indonesia. For this purpose, deflection data was collected from several arterial roads on the North Coast of Java Island. The study resulted that the deflection bowl parameter method generally can be applied to roads in Indonesia. However, the method has to be used with caution because of the complexity of the pavement structure layers on the North Coast Road of Java Island, especially for the layers that have undergone major repairs. In addition, the benchmarking process for the deflection bowl parameter criteria also only applied to roads with medium traffic load repetitions (up to 50 million ESAL), so upgrading the limit of the traffic load of the parameters was required so that the parameters could be used for roads with very high traffic load repetition as the one at the North Coast corridor.
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Paige-Green, P. "Strength and Behavior of Materials for Low-Volume Roads as Affected by Moisture and Density." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-14.
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The relationships among strength, moisture, and density in pavement subgrades and layerworks are well known, but they have particular significance in low-volume roads. In these roads, the specified density is frequently not achieved (quality assurance testing tends to be reduced), and moisture fluctuations are more severe with greater consequences. Traditional studies of the material strength for these roads in southern Africa are based almost entirely on the California bearing ratio (CBR), a test with inherent problems. The test is routinely carried out to identify whether the materials under consideration have the required soaked strengths (typically CBRs of 80% or 45% for bases of different standards) at the design compaction density. Studies of the CBR at different moisture contents and densities should be carried out to identify the implications of variations in these properties on the behavior of pavement materials. A simple technique to be carried out during conventional laboratory testing was developed. Aspects pertaining to this type of study were evaluated, and the findings were related to low-volume road behavior.
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Mbouombouo Ngapouth, Ibrahim, Jorelle Larissa Meli'i, Marthe Mbond Ariane Gweth, Blaise Pascal Gounou Pokam, Yvonne Poufone Koffi, Michel Constant Njock, Michel André Pouth Nkoma, and Philippe Njandjock Nouck. "Analysis of safety factors for roads slopes in central Africa." Engineering Failure Analysis 138 (August 2022): 106359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106359.
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Futshane, Akhona, Philip Paige-Green, and Joseph K. Anochie-Boateng. "Understanding Durability Problems with Dolerite in Roads in South Africa." World Journal of Engineering and Technology 10, no. 03 (2022): 574–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2022.103037.
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Kabanda, Umar. "Challenges of Capacity Building and Development from Chinas’ Aid Model; a Case Study of the East African Community Countries." Cross-Currents: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 16, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2016.v02i01.001.
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There is an increase of Chinese partnership to African development through loans and grants which are directed to African infrastructural development for capacity development. This development has been implemented on the continent through numerous constructions of infrastructural projects in the form of roads, railways, dams, installation of fibre wires across the East Africa community. This approach to development through aid for infrastructural development is opposed to the former colonial masters’ approach that based on capacity building in their former colonies with a focus of their contribution to African transformation that was directed to the promotion of human rights, democracy and transfer of administrative skills to the African counterparts. This experience of the colonial masters and the new comers the Chinese, their interest as evident in Africa, the same is true for their existence in the East African community. This transformation of the aid model from former colonial masters to Chinese domination of the donor relations inspired the selection of this topic to explain in this paper the challenges the new aid model of Chinese to East African countries contribute to promoting capacity development as it down plays capacity building. A case presentation of the implemented projects in Uganda and Kenya are presented to illustrate the experienced challenges of this Aid model for Africa from the case of the Regional Economic Community of the East African Community
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Kabanda, Umar. "Challenges of Capacity Building and Development from Chinas’ Aid Model; a Case Study of the East African Community Countries." Cross-Currents: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 16, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2016.v02i01.001.
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There is an increase of Chinese partnership to African development through loans and grants which are directed to African infrastructural development for capacity development. This development has been implemented on the continent through numerous constructions of infrastructural projects in the form of roads, railways, dams, installation of fibre wires across the East Africa community. This approach to development through aid for infrastructural development is opposed to the former colonial masters’ approach that based on capacity building in their former colonies with a focus of their contribution to African transformation that was directed to the promotion of human rights, democracy and transfer of administrative skills to the African counterparts. This experience of the colonial masters and the new comers the Chinese, their interest as evident in Africa, the same is true for their existence in the East African community. This transformation of the aid model from former colonial masters to Chinese domination of the donor relations inspired the selection of this topic to explain in this paper the challenges the new aid model of Chinese to East African countries contribute to promoting capacity development as it down plays capacity building. A case presentation of the implemented projects in Uganda and Kenya are presented to illustrate the experienced challenges of this Aid model for Africa from the case of the Regional Economic Community of the East African Community
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Oloo, Simon, Rob Lindsay, and Sam Mothilal. "Otta Seals and Gravseals as Low-Cost Surfacing Alternatives for Low-Volume Roads: Experiences in South Africa." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-43.
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The geology of the northeastern part of the province of KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa, is predominantly alluvial with vast deposits of sands. Suitable gravel sources are hard to come by, which results in high graveling and regraveling costs brought about by long haul distances and accelerated gravel loss. Most gravel roads carry fewer than 500 vehicles per day of which less than 10% are heavy vehicles. The high cost of regraveling has led to consideration of upgrading such roads to surfaced standard, even though traffic volumes do not justify upgrading. Traditional chip seals are expensive and cannot be economically justified on roads that carry fewer than 500 vehicles per day. The KwaZulu–Natal Department of Transport is actively involved in efforts to identify cost-effective alternative surfacing products for low-volume roads. Field trials were conducted with Otta seals and Gravseals, which have been used successfully in other countries, as low-cost surfacing products for low-volume roads. The Otta seal is formed by placing graded aggregates on a relatively thick film of soft binder that, because of traffic and rolling, works its way through the aggregates. Gravseal consists of a special semipriming rubberized binder that is covered by a graded aggregate. Both Otta seals and Gravseals provide relatively flexible bituminous surfaces suitable for low-volume roads. Cost savings are derived mainly from the broad aggregate specifications, which allow for the use of marginal materials.
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Dobler, Gregor. "The green, the grey and the blue: a typology of cross-border trade in Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 54, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x15000993.
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AbstractWhat are the reasons for the extraordinary dynamism of many African border regions? Are there specificities to African borderlands? The article provides answers to these questions by analysing the historical development of African state borders’ social and economic relevance. It presents a typology of cross-border trade in Africa, differentiating trade across the ‘green’ border of bush paths and villages, the ‘grey’ border of roads, railways and border towns, and the ‘blue’ border of transport corridors to oceans and airports. The three groups of actors associated with these types of trade have competing visions of the ideal border regime, to which many dynamics in African cross-border politics can be traced back. The article contributes to African studies by analysing diverging political and economic developments in African countries through the lens of the border, and to border theory by distilling general features of borders and borderlands from African case studies.
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Mokoena, Refiloe, Georges Mturi, Johan Maritz, Mohau Mateyisi, and Peter Klein. "African Case Studies: Developing Pavement Temperature Maps for Performance-Graded Asphalt Bitumen Selection." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031048.
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The reliable performance of roads is crucial for service delivery, and it is a catalyst for domestic and cross-border spatial development. Paved national roads are expected to carry higher traffic volumes over time as a result of urbanization and to support the economic development in the continent. Increased traffic levels combined with expected increases in air temperatures as a result of global warming highlight the need to appropriately select bituminous road materials for a reliable performance of asphalt roads. The objective of the paper is to present African case studies on the development of temperature maps necessary for performance-graded bitumen selection for road design and construction. A consistent approach, that caters for the variability of geographical, environmental and climatic conditions, does not currently exist within the continent. Therefore, this paper discusses a series of critical components in the development of temperature maps for performance-graded bitumen including (i) pavement temperature models and climatic zones in Africa; (ii) the effect of urban heat islands on pavement temperature; (iii) sources of weather data and (iv) the mapping procedure to produce temperature maps. Characterizing the thermal properties of the pavement was found to be an important factor for reliably calculating expected road temperatures as well as the consideration of the ambient climate for a given location. During this study, the urban heat island effect was found to have little influence on the maximum pavement temperatures but a significant effect on the minimum pavement temperatures. Some areas of the urban district assessed in this investigation were found to increase by two performance grades according to the minimum temperature criteria. The recent observed weather data from weather stations are the most accurate means of measurement of the ambient environmental conditions necessary for performance-based specifications, but they are not always easily accessible, and therefore other sources of data, such as satellite data, may need to be used instead. With the expected temperature increases expected as a result of climate change, the use of Global Climate Models also opens new avenues for performance-based material selection in the African continent for expected climates as an alternative to traditional approaches based on historically observed weather.
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Welch, Rebecca J., Craig J. Tambling, Charlene Bissett, Angela Gaylard, Konrad Müller, Kerry Slater, W. Maartin Strauss, and Daniel M. Parker. "Brown hyena habitat selection varies among sites in a semi-arid region of southern Africa." Journal of Mammalogy 97, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv189.
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Abstract Human/carnivore conflicts are common across the globe, and with a growing human population, this conflict is likely to increase as the space available to large carnivores is reduced. In South Africa, many small (< 400 km 2 ), fenced protected areas have reintroduced persecuted carnivores, such as brown hyenas ( Hyaena brunnea ). These reserves have great potential to conserve brown hyena populations; consequently, understanding the limitations that small, fenced reserves impose on space use patterns is needed. We investigated the home range (95% fixed kernel utilization distributions) and landscape determinants of habitat selection using resource selection functions for 10 brown hyenas in 3 separate fenced reserves. Home range sizes were consistently smaller in 2 of the reserves when compared to the third. Considerable variation in the selection of habitat features exists among individual brown hyenas and reserves. The most important landscape determinant driving brown hyena space use was distance to roads, with brown hyenas observed closer to roads when compared to random locations within their ranges. If this relationship with roads holds outside of protected areas, it could represent a considerable threat to the species. Thus, obtaining a better understanding of the influence of roads on brown hyenas represents an important focus for future research.
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Moodley, Nerave, Graham Moore, and David Wylie. "A Case Study of the Retrofitting of the Great Fish River Bridge." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 10006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819910006.
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In developing countries and economies such as South Africa, retrofitting is a vital tool to maximise and extend the service life of existing infrastructure. The transportation sector plays a pivotal role in stimulating economic growth, and retrofitting existing bridges to meet the growing capacity needs of South Africa’s roads supports continued economic growth and development. This paper outlines the technical and practical challenges encountered and the solutions developed by the design team to retrofit the existing 215 m long, 9-span, Great Fish River Bridge in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. These challenges included jacking up the existing bridge under traffic loading to replace 108 existing bearings and erecting 32.5t precast beams at heights of 10.5m above a major river whilst accommodating high volumes of traffic on a busy National road.
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Zhou, Hang. "Western And Chinese Development Engagements In Uganda’s Roads Sector: An Implicit Division of Labour." African Affairs 121, no. 482 (January 1, 2022): 29–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adac005.
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Abstract How has the process of institution and governance building in Africa, a domain traditionally subject to western development interventions, been changed by Chinese-led development? Taking Uganda’s roads sector, and particularly its main implementing agency the Ugandan National Roads Authority as a case study, I argue that traditional donors’ influence on sectorial institution building has not been replaced or dislodged by China’s growing presence. This presence primarily took the form of Chinese construction companies operating as profit-driven contractors interested mainly in quick project turnaround rather than in systematically shaping sectorial governance in the host country. Moreover, not only did traditional donors’ development financing remain dominant vis-à-vis China, but the ways in which their interventions were designed, exercised, and monitored in the post-conditionality regime characteristically differed from their Chinese counterparts, ensuring their embedded and enduring role in the reforming of sectorial state institutions. As such, a tacit division of labour took shape between Chinese and western engagements in Uganda’s roads sector: China focused on ‘hard’ physical road construction whilst traditional donors on the ‘soft’ aspects of sectorial governance and policy. The availability of both forms of development engagements with their distinctive foci enables issue-specific agency for Uganda to develop its roads sector, and yet they together appear to create favourable conditions for the Ugandan leadership’s increasing authoritarianism.
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Woodroffe, Rosie, and Joshua R. Ginsberg. "Conserving the African wild dog Lycaon pictus. I. Diagnosing and treating causes of decline." Oryx 33, no. 2 (April 1999): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00052.x.
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AbstractThe African wild dog Lycaon pictus has declined dramatically over the past 30 years. Formerly distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa, today c. 5000 wild dogs remain in total, mostly in southern and eastern Africa. Wild dogs' decline reflects the expansion of human populations and the associated fragmentation of habitat available to wildlife. Because wild dogs live at very low densities, even ‘fragments’ covering thousands of square kilometres may not support viable populations. Furthermore, packs often range beyond the borders of reserves, so even nominally protected populations are often subject to persecution, road accidents, snaring and disease contracted from domestic dogs. Such edge effects mean that reserves smaller than c. 10,000 sq km will provide only incomplete protection. The highest priority for wild dog conservation, therefore, is to maintain and promote the contiguity of areas available to wildlife. Establishing cross-border parks and buffer zones, and encouraging game ranching on reserve borders, will all be beneficial. In smaller areas, protecting wild dogs requires that edge effects be mitigated by: (i) working with local farmers to limit persecution; (ii) controlling snaring; (iii) routing roads carrying high-speed traffic away from wildlife areas; and (iv) minimizing contact between wildlife and domestic dogs. Most of these measures will also benefit other wildlife.
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Rensburg, J. van, and S. Krygsman. "Funding for roads in South Africa: Understanding the principles of fair and efficient road user charges." Transportation Research Procedia 48 (2020): 1835–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.218.
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Nguembi, Ines Pamela, Zhang Yanrong, and Haidar Salaheldeen Abdalla. "The Benefit of Belt and Road Initiative for Central Africa and China: A Case Study of Sub-Saharan African Countries." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n5p105.
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On a historical account, the apparent lack of documented economic data (accurate information) on the research budget and flexible schedule hinders economic growth and development. When the gravity model has been used for analysis a positive statistically important relationship has been found between transport facilities, continuity, and two-sided trade. However, the connection between transport facilities, continuity, and bilateral commerce on one hand and available documented economic data or information on another hand was missing. To determine how the availability of standard documented economic data or information squeezed economic growth and development as well as the relevance of this relationship; the authors analyzed this relationship. The BRI, Chinas’ majestic idea of an economic belt created from the old road, covers almost all routes across Asia, Europe, and Africa. In the BRI area, the development of a sea, air, and road transport link among trading partners are relevant with a big scale influence on perfecting commerce. This brings to the fore, the second-most important influence, which is a testament to the road, sea transport, and number consistency. Also, transport service quality which has an important influence on bilateral commerce was studied. Our results purposes and guidance are that a standard investment in roads; total commerce in the BRI member countries (the central African countries (CAC) included) could become more valuable. Hence, perfecting transport facilities could lead to a win-win situation with a strong influence on commerce.
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Mucina, L., and D. A. Snijman. "Maireana brevifolia (Chenopodiaceae: Camphorosmeae), a new naturalized alien plant species in South Africa." Bothalia 41, no. 2 (December 17, 2011): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v41i2.55.
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We describe and discuss the distribution of a new, naturalized alien species, Maireana brevifolia (R.Br.) Paul G.Wilson (Chenopodiaceae), a native of Australia, in the western regions of South Africa. First discovered near Worcester, Western Cape in 1976, the species is now established in disturbed karoo shrubby rangelands, along dirt roads and on saline alluvia, from northern Namaqualand to the western Little Karoo. In the South African flora, M. brevifolia is most easily confused with the indigenous Bassia salsoloides (Fenzl) A.J.Scott, from which it is distinguished by the flat to cup-shaped and almost glabrous perianth with woolly-ciliate lobes, and the hardened and winged fruiting perianth.
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Nyakala, Kgashane Stephen, Thinandavha Thomas Munyai, Jan-Harm Pretorius, and Andre Vermeulen. "Significant Factors Influencing Quality Assurance Practices in Small and Medium-Sized Construction Projects in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 2(J) (May 13, 2019): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i2(j).2816.
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Although implementing quality assurance (QA) processes in construction play an important role in the South African economy has been acknowledged. However, constructions SMEs are faced with difficulties in improving rural road infrastructure and high-quality roads. Additionally, past research has failed to reach consensus on the construction process and socioeconomic settings in previously disadvantaged areas in South Africa, including the factors influencing negatively the performance of such factors. This research examines what factors facilitate or inhibit the success of construction SMEs and what actions can be taken to being distressed construction SMEs under control. The study adopted a quantitative research approach in which a three-section questionnaire was administered to 160 purposively chosen road- building experts in a South African construction SMEs. The questionnaire was structured into three parts, which sought the participants’ profile, identified the quality assurance practices (QAPs) incorporated in the construction SMEs’ road building programmes, and identified the factors that negatively influence the implementation of QA processes. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Furthermore, to determine the reliability of the various constructs, mean scores, descriptive statistics and standard deviations were obtained. The empirical findings established eight QAPs that were reliable and valid for implementation processes that can control or minimise their causes of poor quality in projects undertaken by construction SMEs, level of skill acquisition; project planning and control techniques; project construction design; process implementation and process improvement; financial management; organisational structures; involvement of people; and quality standards and measurements. The eight factors attained high Cronbach Alpha values above the recommended 0.70 which indicates high internal consistencies among the sub-scales. Findings from this study should be useful to managers in similar environments may use the results of this study as either diagnostic tools or as a reference benchmark for strategic interventions in solving construction projects related problems. Furthermore, the researchers also recommend that these practices are for quality assurance in construction projects undertaken by SMEs in South Africa.
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Rwodzi, C., K. L. Mphela, and M. J. Mogoboya. "Renaming University Teaching and Learning Facilities in South Africa: towards the Africanisation of Higher Education." Journal of African Education 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2633-2930/2020/s1n3a7.
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In South Africa, students and lecturers have been asking university management and government to rename teaching and learning facilities in line with the higher education transformation agenda. Strikes, demonstrations and debates regarding the decolonisation and Africanisation of higher education have been used as ways to communicate the need to fast-track the renaming process. Renaming lecture rooms, lecture theatres, laboratories, sports facilities, halls of residence, campus roads and other facilities help to embrace African culture, values and beliefs. This paper explores Africanisation by renaming of teaching and learning facilities. To understand Africanisation, a qualitative study was conducted using semi–structured interviews and observation of university facilities to understand the process of renaming. Selected naming committees, student representative members and lecturers participated by giving their views on the renaming of teaching and learning facilities. Findings from this study revealed that facilities with African names embrace African identity, ownership and brings peace and a sense of belonging to the learning and teaching environment.
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Akanbi, Olusegun Ayodele. "Does Governance Matter In Infrastructure: Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2012): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i1.7516.
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This study empirically examines the pattern of physical infrastructure that would unlock the productive potential of sub-Saharan Africa. The estimations were carried out in a panel of 21 selected sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2000 to 2010 using the two-stage least squares (TSLS) estimation techniques. The infrastructure variable was constructed on the basis of three physical infrastructure stocks (roads, telecommunication and electricity) using the principal component analysis (PCA), and governance was measured using the worldwide governance indicators. The results conform to the findings of existing literature; namely, that real output, government capital expenditure, external balance and inflation are significant determinants of physical infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa. The distinctive feature of the study is the significant role played by governance in explaining physical infrastructure. The results from the panel estimations reveal that investment in governance/institutional structures is a necessary first step in providing quality infrastructure stock and, hence, pro-poor, long-term economic growth for the region. Therefore, in modelling physical infrastructure, it is imperative to incorporate the important role played by governance.
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Louw, Eric. "Communication technology and democracy in the development of South Africa." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 13, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v13i2.1997.
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Many countries in the developed world are currently being restructured into Post-Fordist economies or 'Information societies'. Communication technology, computers and satellites are now at the cutting edge of socio-economic development. South African decision makers ignore these developments at their own peril. This country sits at a cross-roads. Will we see socio-economic and communication policies which facilitate South Africa's development into a post-Fordist economy or will the country be trapped into a Fordist backwater? This article argues in favour of South African's taking the plunge into an 'Information society'. More importantly, the potential for using Post Fordist 'information technology' for creating a more democratic society is examined.