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Chan, Pui Ting Jocelin. "Roman Roads and the Economy of Empire." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29682.
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My thesis explores Roman Republican roadbuilding and how road networks produce the space of empire. The roads in question are the viae publicae, the cross-country public highways that Rome built from the fourth century onwards as it expanded across the Italian peninsula. These roads were large scale and engineered for vehicular transport. The function of the roads has attracted debate, with scholars asserting that they were built for military, strategic, economic, electoral, or elite networking purposes, among other things. All of these are valid purposes for the Roman roads, but they had an even more important function in the bigger picture of imperialism. I argue that though the Romans deployed unique technologies in their roadbuilding, the purpose is comparable to similar networks in the premodern and modern world and in each case territorial empires were concerned with using roads to hold together annexed land. In each case, the scaling up of engineering technology was important for ease of travel, which in turn facilitated control. Especially in the middle Republic, we can observe that roads and imperial projects at large, including colonisation, engaged a broad swathe of the Roman population in reproducing the economy of empire. All the while, military operations were intensifying across Italy. Expansionism was not driven solely by the political class but rather the whole society sought to profit from it. Ultimately, the Roman roads of the middle Republic fuelled the economy of empire: funding expansionist war, providing land to sustain the infantry classes, erasing or obscuring indigenous knowledge, and tying that land back to Rome.
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Davies, Hugh E. H. "Design and construction of Roman roads in Britain." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343169.
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Hargreaves, Gerald Henry. "Roman surveying on continuous linear constructions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337721.
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Mårdberg, Maria. "Envisioning American women : the roads to communal identity in novels by women of color /." Uppsala : [Uppsala university], 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38843484c.
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Albone, James. "Roman roads in the changing landscape of eastern England, c.AD410-1850." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/63543/.
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Roman roads are one of the most important legacies of the Roman period in Britain and many of the routes that they define still remain in use today. Although they have long been the subject of academic research, their history since the end of the Roman period has been largely overlooked. By studying the use, significance, and survival and loss of Roman roads in parts of eastern England between the fifth and mid nineteenth centuries this thesis directly addresses the gap in the existing literature. The survival of Roman roads is intrinsically linked to the continued existence and significance of their destinations, be they former Roman settlements or new (urban or religious) locales. Whilst destinations continued to function the roads leading to them also remained in use. When destinations failed the roads ceased to serve as long-distance routes and became prone to fragmentation and loss. The initial breakdown of the Roman road network commenced as part of wider societal and landscape changes in the eighth century when former Roman settlements finally ceased to function. Sections of some Roman roads continue to be used as local roads today but countless more were probably removed during the post-medieval enclosure process. Roman roads have significantly influenced the development of the landscape through which they pass by acting as foci for burials, settlements, churches and economic activity. They have also functioned as boundaries, most notably those of medieval parishes – a role which influenced the continued use of some roads. The relationships between Roman roads and the surrounding landscape, and the factors affecting their survival and loss, examined in this thesis are also applicable to roads of other periods. Consequently the findings presented here not only advance our knowledge of Roman roads but also have wider implications for English landscape history.
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Mottershead, Geoffrey. "The constructions of Marcus Agrippa in the West /." Connect to thesis, 2005. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000275.
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Gibson, Erin Shawnine Leigh. "Negotiating space routes of communication in Roman to British Colonial Cyprus /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/271/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Glasgow, 2005.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Glasgow, 2005. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Whiting, Marlena Elizabeth Stout. "Travel in the Late Antique Levant : a study of networks of communication and travel infrastructure in the 4th - 7th centuries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711670.
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Cole, Ann. "The place-name evidence for a routeway network in early medieval England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f098ff71-7f78-45a8-b8a2-efd9c0e26345.
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Evidence for routes in use in the early medieval period from documents and excavations is fragmentary, and from maps is nil, but place-names help to fill the gap. Known early roads, travellers and possible origins of place-names are considered before detailed examination of the place-names that consistently occur by routeways. Ways of measuring proximity of named settlements to routeways, including the chi-squared test and dispersion graphs, are described. The place-names are considered in detail. The road terms strǣt and weg yielded useful information; pæth and stīg did not. Gewæd and gelād indicated difficult crossings; ford was too ubiquitous to be useful. Facilities available were indicated by mere-tūn and byden-welle (water supply); strǣt-tūn and calde-cot but not Coldharbour (lodgings); mōr-tūn and mersc-tūn (fodder); dræg-tun and dræg-cot (aid to travellers in difficulty); grǣfe-tūn (pay-load). Ōra and ofer, round-shouldered ridges, were used as 'signposts' at significant points on roads and waterways to indicate, inter alia, harbour entrances, cross roads and mineral deposits. Cumb-tūn, denu-tūn, ceaster and wīc-hām were easily recognised and helped travellers to identify their whereabouts. Seaways and rivers in use were highlighted by the use of port, hȳth, ēa-tūn and lād A series of these indicative names occurring along a route, usually Roman, suggests that the route was in use. Certain saltways, Gough (c. 1360) and Ogilby (1675) routes and a few others were also highlighted. Findings are summarised on the end-paper map. As a check on the results, coin-find distributions for the early eighth century and late tenth/ early eleventh century were mapped against route-ways. Routes in use from placename and coin evidence were broadly similar. Evidence from pottery scatters was difficult to assemble, and gave poorer results. The evolution of the naming system is discussed. The consistent way that widely occurring landforms and habitation types were named throughout England enables the mapping of an early medieval routeway network using place-name evidence. The appendices list and map each corpus.
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Barbosa, Ruben Miguel Correia. "Rede de povoamento romano a Oeste da Serra d´Ossa." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19432.
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O presente estudo centra-se na análise da rede de povoamento rural romano num terreno que se estende a Oeste da Serra d’Ossa. Num território que peca por escassez de dados, pretende-se analisar o padrão de organização do povoamento e as comunidades que nele habitavam, através da informação, até então, publicada, em conjunto com os dados recolhidos durante as prospeções efetuadas na região em causa. Dentro deste prisma, serão abordadas as estratégias de povoamento, desde a romanização até aos momentos iniciais da Antiguidade Tardia, com um olhar geral sobre os indicadores que fundamentaram a estabilização povo romano nesta área; Roman settlement network West from Serra d’Ossa
Abstract: This study focuses on the analysis of roman rural settlement network in an area that extends west from Serra d'Ossa. In a territory characterized by lack of data, this study intends to analyze the pattern of settlement organization and the communities that inhabited it, through published literature and data collected during surveys conducted in the concerned region. Within this perspective, it will address settlement strategies from romanization until the early stages of Late Antiquity, with a general look at the indicators that supported the stabilization of roman people in this area
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Lyons, Alice. "All Country Roads Lead to Rome: Idealization of the Countryside in Augustan Poetry and American Country Music." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/102.
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This paper examines similarities between imagery of the countryside and the “country life” in both the poetry of Augustan Rome and contemporary American country music. It analyzes the themes of agriculture, poverty, family, and piety, and how they are used in both sets of sources to create an idealized countryside. This ideal, when contrasted with negative portrayals of urban life and non-idealized rural life, endorses an ideology that is opposed to wealth and that emphasizes the security and stability of the idyllic countryside. This ideology common to both may stem from the historical contexts of these two eras, revealing that Augustan Rome and modern America have unexpected similarities.
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Naylor, Benjamin Walden. "Reassembling the Iberians : rain, road, coins, crops and settlement in central Hispania Citerior, 206-27 B.C." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11347.
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This thesis investigates Iberian communities in central Hispania Citerior during the Roman Republic. I demonstrate the usefulness of an actor-network approach for understanding a topic characterised by scarce archaeological datasets. This approach is not intended to create a new narrative for Roman Provincial Studies but instead allows us to ask new questions: what was at stake for these communities? What was of interest to the Iberians? How did things happen? Iberians lived primarily in small, often fortified settlements in elevated locations, although some larger settlements are known and during the Republic many sites were abandoned for new locations on flatter ground. I find that throughout the period settlements were often clustered, creating communities distributed in small groups of sites. These Iberian groups grew versatile staple crops in a variety of locations but may have tailored additional crops to regional environmental conditions. I consider the potential for collaboration in the autumn ploughing and conclude that any such collaboration must have relied on dense and wide relationships given changing patterns of variability in rainfall. I show differences within coin circulation that suggest Iberian coins were part of distinct sets of relationships. I also test the ability of carts to pass over various long-distances routes and find that some coins were bound up in the same assemblages as cart transport. The thesis positions the interface between all these different assemblages as crucial to further work on these communities.
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Leibner, Uzi. "ha-Hisṭoriyah ha-yeshuvit shel ha-galil ha-mizraḥi be-teḳufat ha-heliniṣṭit, ha-romit veha-bizenṭit le-ʼor mi-metsaʼe seḳer arkhiʼologi." Ramat Gan : Universiṭat Bar Ilan, 2004. http://books.google.com/books?id=24xtAAAAMAAJ.
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Thesis--Universitat Bar Ilan, ha-meḥlaḳah le-limude Erets Yiśraʼel ve-arkhiʼologiyah ʻa.s. Martin (Zus); Ph. D., May 2004."Martin (Szuz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology." Includes bibliographical references.
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LICIO, VANIA MANUELA. "Trade costs, a twofold empirical analysis - The persistent effect of Roman roads on Italian provincial trade costs and the determinants of country trade costs by geographies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/249704.
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Starting from early two thousands, the interest of trade literature on trade costs has grown exponentially. Theoretical and empirical studies have focused on the importance of trade costs as main drivers in international economics and as one of the major causes that impedes trade between and across nations.
Trade costs matter. Decline and rise of trade costs over time describe trade booms and busts in the past 150 years. They play a fundamental role in economic welfare, growth and development. And the research on the structure of trade costs, on the best method to measure them and on what determines trade costs is far from being complete.
This thesis is completely devoted to the trade costs subject and, in particular, to the indirect method of computing trade costs according to the ʽtop-downʼ approach proposed by the pioneering work of Novy in 2013. In order to provide the best overview on this theme and in order to add new knowledge to the trade costs literature, the research behind this thesis has been structured in three main chapters: one theoretical and two empirical. One of the two empirical applications includes also an instrumental chapter which gives account of a new data set constructed ad hoc for the first empirical investigation.
The first chapter is the theoretical support of the following two empirical analyses. It presents a detailed survey on trade costs from different perspectives, focusing on the indirect measure of trade costs, the dependent variable exploited in both following empirical investigations. The chapter leaves space for new thoughts on the indirect measure of trade costs, adding new reflections to the existing literature.
The first empirical application looks at the persistent effect of the Roman road network on current Italian provincial trade costs. This investigation presents three novelties. First, it is the earliest that studies the long-term effects of Roman roads using a measure in kilometres by province created specifically for this empirical application. Second, the approach exploited to measure Roman roads at the Italian provincial level can be easily extended to other more detailed or simpler investigations, at country or different sub-country levels and to one or more countries. Since the importance of this new data set, an entire chapter has been devoted to its presentation and explanation. Third, and most important, the empirical application on the persistent effect of the Roman road infrastructure is the first, to the author's knowledge, that uses an indirect measure of trade costs at the provincial level. The main idea behind the chapter is that history matters and that the Roman road infrastructure is affected by a legacy that lasted for more than two thousand years.
The second empirical application investigates on the best sources of trade costs, using a large data set of possible trade costs determinants, exploring these determinants by geographies of countries and for a wide number of nations. The novelty of this analysis lies exactly in the topic of the chapter. Due data constraints and measurement problems, the investigation on the determinants of trade costs is hard. It is harder if considering a large sample of countries and it is harder if distinguishing countries by geography. In this chapter, geography is measured in terms of ʽdegree of insularityʼ. The main idea behind it, is that geography matters. It matters when measuring trade costs and it matters when assessing the main sources of trade costs. The explanation of the main sources of trade costs by geographies of countries allows to better address policy makers in defining strategies and solutions to make trade less costly.
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Baret, Florian. "Les agglomérations "secondaires" gallo-romaines dans le Massif Central : (cités des arvernes, vellaves, gabales, rutenes, cadurques et lémovices), 1er siècle avant J.-C. - Ve siècle après J.-C." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20003/document.
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Parmi les formes d’organisation de l’habitat antique, il en est une qui est longtemps restée en retrait dans la recherche archéologique française. Les agglomérations antiques, qui correspondent à des formes très variées d’habitat groupé, suscitent un intérêt majeur depuis une vingtaine d’années.L’étude historiographique, à l’échelle de la Gaule, fait ressortir un espace en marge des recherches, celui des cités du Massif central. Cette thèse propose donc d’étudier les agglomérations antiques des cités arverne, vellave, gabale, rutène, cadurque et lémovice entre le Ier s. av. J.-C. et le Ve s. ap. J.-C. Les objectifs sont multiples. Il a été nécessaire dans un premier temps d’établir un corpus de sites à partir de la bibliographie régionale. Celui-ci est composé de notices normalisées au sein desquelles l’ensemble des données actuellement disponibles a été présenté. Pour répondre aux questions d’organisation spatiale et de classification, les données bibliographiques recueillies, complétées par des opérations de terrain (prospections terrestres, aériennes, géophysiques, relevés topographiques), ont été synthétisées à partir d’une série de descripteurs archéologiques développés sur le modèle d’Archaeomedes. L’emploi de ces descripteurs a permis la mise en œuvre d’analyses statistiques multivariées afin de dépasser le simple classement par niveaux de fiabilité (sites rejetés, agglomérations hypothétiques, agglomérations avérées). C’est sur la base de la classification retenue après différents tests et sur la hiérarchie urbaine proposée que les analyses spatiales et morphologiques permettent de brosser un tableau complet de l’armature urbaine des cités antiques du Massif central.Les résultats obtenus ont permis d’exposer et de comprendre à la fois les relations entre les agglomérations et le milieu naturel mais aussi avec leur environnement archéologique par l’étude de leurs relations avec l’habitat rural, les chefs-lieux, les limites des cités, leur territoire théorique, les axes de communications terrestres et fluviaux. En changeant d’échelle, l’analyse interne des agglomérations permet d’appréhender à la fois leur morphologie générale mais aussi la place des édifices monumentaux au sein des agglomérations et au sein des cités, le rôle de l’artisanat, les aménagements hydrauliques, … Pour l’analyse de l’armature urbaine, la thèse prend nécessairement en compte l’évolution chronologique des agglomérations à travers leur origine protohistorique, leur évolution durant l’Antiquité et leur devenir au début du Moyen Âge.Pour mener à bien ce travail, il a été nécessaire de croiser les approches documentaires (bibliographie, opérations de terrains), de croiser les échelles d’analyse (du site au Massif central) et de comparer les résultats à ceux des régions voisines. Passées, les analyses statistiques, c’est à partir d’un SIG et d’une base de données que l’ensemble des synthèses a pu être mené.Cette thèse constitue la première synthèse sur les agglomérations antiques des cités du Massif central. Les résultats mettent en avant l’importance des agglomérations dans le système de peuplement et des armatures urbaines variables entre les cités mais qui semblent structurées en partie par le relief et les axes de communications. Les fonctions présentes au sein des agglomérations, si elles sont variées et récurrentes, montrent des spécificités entre les cités mais aussi une hétérogénéité au sein de chacune d’elles. Enfin, l’analyse chronologique montre une réduction du nombre des agglomérations à partir du IIIe siècle mais pas leur disparition. De même, de nouvelles formes d’habitats groupés apparaissent à partir du IVe siècle attestant non pas une crise mais une évolution dans l’organisation urbaine des cités pour répondre à de nouveaux besoinsAmong the forms of organization one can observe in the ancient habitat, there is one particular structure that has been slightly ignored by French archeologists: the lesser urbanized settlements. However, in the last twenty years, small towns have attracted renewed interest.A historiographical study of the Gaul territory highlighted a less studied group of population: the ancient peoples of the Massif Central. In this thesis we intend to have a closer look at such populations as the Arvernes, the Vellaves, the Gabales, the Rutenes, the Cadurques, and the Lemovices from 1st century B.C. - 5th century A.D. We first established a corpus of sites starting with the study of the regional bibliography, which enabled us to create records for each area. We completed this first approach with several field operations such as ground, aerial, geophysical and topographical surveys. All those data were synthesized in a series of archaeological descriptors developed using the Archaeomedes model.The use of such descriptors enabled us to develop some statistical analyses and go beyond the simple reliability factor (which allows the distinction between rejected sites, hypothetical and true urbanized clusters). On the basis of our tested and proven classification, keeping in mind the suggested urban hierarchy and with the help of our spatial and morphological analyses, we were able to obtain a more complete picture of the urban framework of the ancient cities of the Massif Central.The data collected allowed us to better apprehend and understand the relation between such urban clusters and their natural environment, but also to place them in an archaeological context by studying the links between rural housing, the ancient administrative structure (chef-lieu), the city and territory limits, and the major communication routes (land and water). Through a multi-scale study of those population clusters, we were able to determine their general structure, to look at the role of local crafts and trade but also the place of major buildings, and waterworks. We took specific care to the chronological evolution in thosesmall towns by looking at them from their protohistoric beginnings through Antiquity and until early medieval times.While we cross-referenced all the different sources (bibliography and field surveys) and the analysis scales within the Massif Central, we also did a cross-comparison with other neighboring areas in order to validate such work. Besides the statistical data, we used the Geographic Information System and our database to reach our conclusions.This thesis aims at uncovering the reality of those ancient population clusters present in the Massif Central. Our results showed clearly the importance of those in the settlement system, their different forms structured according to the local geography and major trade routes. The functions/positions available in small towns were varied and recurrent but also corresponded to specific trades within each structure while remaining homogeneous.Through our chronological analysis we were able to point out a significant reduction in their numbers starting in the third century, though not their disappearing. In the 4th century new types of population clusters appeared, not as a response to an acute crisis, but more as a result of an evolution called on by new needs
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Hammond, Mark D. ""Road work ahead" the transformation of the colonnaded street in sixth and early seventh century Palestine and Arabia /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5912.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 26, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Artru, Francois. "La circulation dans les Alpes à l'époque romaine : l'exemple des Alpes Cottiennes." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1034.
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L’étude vise à apprécier l’importance exacte du système routier du Mont-Genèvre et de l’entité administrative des Alpes Cottiennes dans les relations transalpines à l’époque romaine. Une première partie, sorte d’introduction à la circulation alpine dans l’Antiquité, envisage successivement les sources documentaires, en particulier la Table de Peutinger, les nouvelles données paléoenvironnementales, l’exploitation du trafic comme élément fondateur du découpage territorial préromain, la part du mythe et des connaissances réelles dans l’image des Alpes chez les Romains et, enfin, les conditions pratiques de déplacement dans le massif alpin. Tout au long des cinq siècles de domination romaine sont analysées les relations entre les évènements politico-militaires, la géographie administrative et le réseau viaire de la région étudiée. Le passage du royaume indigène indépendant à la préfecture romaine est revu à partir d’une remise en question de l’idée d’un vaste royaume préexistant à la conquête augustéenne et de la prétendue hostilité initiale de Cottius envers Rome. Parmi les arguments qui plaident pour une alliance de Cottius et d’Auguste vue comme un préliminaire à la conquête alpine et non comme son dernier acte, l’accent est mis sur le degré avancé de romanisation des Cottii, de la cité de Suse et de la voie du Mont-Genèvre. Le témoignage d’Ammien Marcellin sur la résistance du roi de Suse est récusé et le passage de Pline sur ‘les douze cités cottiennes qui ne furent pas hostiles’ interprété en faisant l’hypothèse de deux états successifs de la préfecture de Cottius.Il est montré ensuite comment, au cours des cinq siècles qui ont suivi la création de la préfecture, la voie du Mont-Genèvre demeura la voie transalpine la plus commode et, sans doute, la plus utilisée de toutes les Alpes occidentales. L’effet déterminant du développement du réseau routier cottien sur la municipalisation, la romanisation et l’économie des hautes vallées est mis en relief. La possibilité du passage de l’activité d’élevage de montagne à un stade productiviste basé sur la pratique de la transhumance est envisagée. Parmi les aspects du trafic transalpin sont abordées la place primordiale du cursus publicus, l’organisation douanière de la région et l’arrière-plan religieux des déplacements en montagne. La mise en évidence d’un véritable ‘système routier du Mont-Genèvre’, aménagé à partir de l’époque préfectorale, s’appuie sur l’étude de la carte archéologique et sur une prospection de terrain. Celle-ci a porté d’abord sur la voie du Mont-Genèvre, révélant pour le secteur durancien un tracé différent de celui envisagé par les rares études antérieures. De nombreux arguments sont rassemblés en faveur de l’existence d’une voie romaine franchissant le col du Petit Mont-Cenis et conduisant au limes rhénan. En ce qui concerne la voie qui empruntait probablement le col de Larche, le tracé proposé franchit sans grande difficulté le prétendu obstacle de la basse vallée de l’Ubaye. Deux autres voies du système du Mont-Genèvre ont été étudiées en détails. Sur la voie du col du Lautaret sont apportés quelques éléments nouveaux, en particulier dans la zone de la Porte Romaine de Bons et dans celle de la section taillée près de Bourg d’Oisans. Quant à la voie tracée sur la Table de Peutinger entre Luc-en-Diois et le Mont-Genèvre, elle fait l’objet d’un examen graphique sur le document et de reconnaissances sur le terrain, sans réussir à démontrer la réalité de cette liaisonThe study addresses the Mont-Genèvre road and the Cottian Alps district as playing a major rôle in the transalpine traffic during the Roman period. A general chapter upon alpine circulation in the Antiquity reviews the following subjects: recent paleoclimatic data, control of an itinerary in the genesis of preroman tribes’ settlement, actual knowledge of Alps by Romans, and practical traveling conditions through mountains.Relationships between politico-military events, territorial limits and road network are analysed along five centuries of Roman presence. The idea of a vast preroman kingdom ruled by Cottius is not shared. The transition from independence to the status of roman prefecture is viewed as a preliminary decision of August and not as a final event of the Alps conquest. Ammianus alleged hostility of Cottius to Rome, but his testimony has to be rejected. Pline’s allusion to the twelve cottian cities which were not hostile is explained by supposing an early transitory state of the prefecture.It is explained how the development of the road network allowed promotion of some cities to municipal status, favoured romanisation and boosted the economy of high valleys. An intensification of pastoralism through the practice of transhumance is suggested. Related aspects of the alpine traffic, as cursus publicus, Quadragesima Galliarum and religious beliefs of travellers are examined. Evidences for the existence of a ‘Mont-Genèvre roads system’, constructed since the time of the prefecture, are derived from archaeological registries and local exploration. Concerning the road of the Durance valley, within cottian frontiers, it appears to follow a quite different course from the one proposed until now. Arguments are gathered favouring the existence of a roman road running across the Petit Mont-Cenis and leading to the Rhenan limes. The road which very likely runs over the col de Larche (or de la Madeleine) and through the Ubaye valley appears to join easily the Durance valley contrary to some previous opinions. Two other routes of the Mont-Genèvre system are studied in detail. One crosses the col du Lautaret and its two remaining sections are carefully examined, namely the Porte Romaine de Bons and the rock-cutted segment near Bourg d’Oisans. The second road, between Luc-en-Diois and the Mont-Genèvre, appears only on the Tabula Peutingeriana. Graphical examination of the drawing and local investigation does not allow a definitive conclusion upon the reality of this route
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Purcărescu, Oana-Angela. "Le roman bauchautien et la récriture du mythe d’Œdipe." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040088.
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Cette recherche propose une interprétation d’un corpus centré sur le roman Œdipe sur la route d’Henry Bauchau, mais en faisant référence aussi aux autres œuvres du cycle œdipien et aux journaux de l’écrivain. C’est un travail qui opère à un double niveau, celui d’un projet ontologique des personnages errants en quête d’identité, et celui des stratégies d’écriture. La première partie de cette étude, munie méthodologiquement des travaux théoriques sur le mythe, propose une définition des concepts, des relations du mythe avec la littérature, de l’évolution du mythe œdipien. Au centre de l’ouvrage, à l’aide d’une analyse comparative, argumentative, herméneutique et stylistique, nous nous concentrons sur le roman de Bauchau, Œdipe sur la route. Nous analysons les rêves d’Œdipe et de l’écrivain, la route de Thèbes à Colone, la transformation d’un roi déchu, incestueux et aveugle à un aède, un artiste, un héros tutélaire d’Athènes, les symboles, les personnages principaux œdipiens et la vision des Roumains sur le mythe d’Œdipe. La dernière partie analyse l’écriture de Bauchau : la polyphonie, l’anachronie, la mise en abîme, l’intergénéricité, le statut des personnages, la dimension onirique, tout cela dans la lumière de l’intertexte et du palimpseste en tant que modèle herméneutique. Donc, l’originalité de l’écriture bauchautienne est qu’au centre des récits surajoutés, se poursuit le récit mythique avec des parties composantes passées, réelles ou recomposées, au profit d’expériences nouvelles, d’un regard nouveau porté sur l’homme.Mots clés : Henry Bauchau, Œdipe, mythe, symbole, identité, errance, route, catharsis, intertextualité, écriture, rêveThis research paper proposes a study of a corpus focused on the novel Œdipe sur la route by Henry Bauchau, but also referring to other works of the œdipal cycle and to the writer’s diaries. It is a study which operates on a double level that of an ontological project of the wandering characters in search for identity, for purification and that of writing strategies. The first part of this study, based methodologically on the theoretical works on myth, suggests a definition of concepts, of the relations of myth with literature, of the evolution of œdipal myth. In the centre of our work, with a comparative, argumentative, hermeneutical and stylistic analysis, we focus on Bauchau’s novel, Œdipe sur la route. We analyze Œdipus and the writer’s dreams, the road between Thebes and Colonos, the transformation from an incestuous, murderer and blind king to a bard, an artist, a tutelary hero of Athens, the main symbols and characters in the œdipal cycle and we present the Romanians’ point of view on Œdipus’ myth. The final part analyzes Bauchau’s writing: the polyphony, the anachrony, the mise en abîme technique, the intergenericity, the status of characters, the dream dimension. Everything converges to a poetics of oscillation, of doubt, of wandering. These are emphasized by an analysis in the light of inter-text and palimpsest as a hermeneutical model. Thus, the originality of Bauchau’s writing is that in the centre of added stories, Sophocles’s mythic story continues with past, real or recomposed parts, for the benefit of new experiences, of a new vision on man.Keywords: Henry Bauchau, Œdipus, myth, symbol, identity, wandering, road, catharsis, intertextuality, writing, dream
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Lundgren, Olle. "The gold of the north : Amber in the Roman Empire in the first two centuries AD." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353025.
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Amber has been a recurring luxury around the Mediterranean Sea for thousands of years in various cultures. This study treats the first two centuries AD in the Roman Empire. The early centuries of the Empire saw a brief period of relative calm in which Baltic amber became a fashion in Rome. The purpose of this investigation is to explain how and why amber journeyed from the northern oceans of Germania into Rome, and how it expressed itself in the Empire. The Amber Road between the Baltic Sea and Rome is well trodden by modern researchers, but very little has been written about why amber arrived in various contexts. The questions are on the topics of the amber’s origin, how it was consumed and by whom. Throughout the study, the agency of amber is considered in order to approach the source material from a new angle. The first chapter investigates what effect the geographical origin and trade had on the agency of amber. The first part of the second chapter discusses amber in material culture as well as examples of amber items in ancient texts. The second part of the second chapter analyses perfume vessels made from amber. The last chapter is on the topic of amber as a luxury. The discussion and conclusion argues that rich women were major consumers of amber in Rome.
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Balembois, Stéphanie. "Ecrire en vain ? Le questionnement éthique dans Le jeu de patience, "archi-roman" de Louis Guilloux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432050.
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Quel impératif pousse Guilloux à se tourner vers les autres? Provient-il d'un appel au sentiment ? D'un appel à la raison ? Est-il la réponse à une éthique ? Pourquoi cette nécessité de rendre la vie valable ? La valeur d'un homme se juge d'après ses actes semble dire Guilloux. Qu'est-ce qu'écrire en regard de l'action ? Comment écrire dans un monde en guerre ? L'écriture peut-elle être agissante ? Guilloux a voulu partager ses interrogations avec ses lecteurs, esquisser tous les cheminements possibles jusqu'à la contradiction. D'abord, montrer le processus de mythification entourant les actions des hommes qui ont précédé Guilloux dans cette vie. Ceux d'avant savaient agir ensemble et pour le bien de tous, ce savoir s'est perdu laissant l'individu seul face à ses doutes. Les tourments qui agitent le début du XXème siècle n'ont fait qu'exacerber le questionnement existentiel. Les divers degrés de responsabilité des hommes se dévoilent ainsi dans leurs manières de se conduire vis-à-vis d'autrui, autant d'engagements concrets ou de retraits qui attestent de l'humanité ou de l'inhumanité: " Trop et pas assez d'intelligence - trop et pas assez d'amour ". Ni la famille, ni la société, jaugée au travers de ses institutions, l'école, la justice, le clergé, ne répondent plus à l'exigence d'équité. Alors c'est aux hommes de s'unir. Agir, pour Guilloux, semble une forme de révolte et d'indignation contre la souffrance et l'injustice. Lutter, c'est aussi veiller sur la vie des autres. En refusant toutes compromissions, les personnages que Guilloux met en scène voient leur champ d'action se réduire à l'action humanitaire, quant à l'auteur lui revient le devoir de témoigner. Il se lance alors dans une écriture labyrinthique, un incessant jeu de miroir qui rapproche les hommes les plus différents : l'homme d'action, l'homme de lettres, l'homme militant, l'homme pas cru, l'homme en difficulté, l'homme perdu... chacun explore, estime, selon son itinéraire, la valeur accordée à sa vie et à celles des autres, hanté toujours par le devoir et la volonté de changer le monde
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Vézina, Raphaëlle. "Cuvée 44 ; : suivi de L'héritage de la réception d’On the Road et de la posture d'écrivain de Kerouac selon les époques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69524.
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Ce mémoire en recherche-création se décline en deux parties; un roman et un essai. Le roman et l'essai se répondent, en traitant tous les deux de la période des années 50, qui représente le contexte du roman On the Road qui sera analysé dans l'essai, mais aussi le moteur créatif qui a inspiré le roman Cuvée 44. Le roman, Cuvée 44, s'inspire de la filiation des romans de route et de quête personnelle dont On the Road est un des précurseurs. Il relate la vie mouvementée de Francine Boudreau, une jeune femme de quinze ans qui quitte son Québec natal en 1959 pour un monde de possibilités qui s'offrent à elle aux États-Unis, durant les années 50 et 60. Le lecteur est transporté un peu partout au pays, alors que la jeune femme tente de se poser quelque part. L'essai, quant à lui, traite de la réception de l'œuvre phare de Kerouac, On the Road, afin d'observer comment elle a évolué selon les décennies. En faisant ressortir les diverses critiques du roman de l'écrivain de la Beat Generation, on peut ainsi ressortir les différentes postures qui lui sont accordées au travers des époques, pour en voir les constantes et les disparités.
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Brasebin, Jenny. "Road novel, road movie : approche intermédiale du récit de la route." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030088.
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Apparu au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale avec la publication en 1957 d’On the Road de Jack Kerouac et la sortie, 12 ans plus tard, d’Easy Rider de Dennis Hopper, le road novel et le road movie constituent à nos yeux les deux versants de ce que nous avons choisi de nommer le récit de la route. Devant l’absence de réelle étude conjointe entre les deux formes et la persistance d’amalgames, nous souhaitons mettre en évidence ce qui permettrait de distinguer le road novel et le road movie d’autres récits d’errance. Un tel travail nécessite la mise au jour d’un outil d’analyse intermédial permettant d’embrasser de concert des oeuvres relevant d’expressions médiatiques différentes. Nous proposons donc de recourir au concept de chronotope développé par Bakhtine en littérature, et dont il a été démontré il y a peu qu’il est aussi susceptible de s’appliquer à un objet cinématographique. Nous posons que road novel et road movie reposent sur la combinaison d’un ensemble de chronotopes fondamentaux : celui de la route, dans le contexte de la motorisation et des non-lieux de la postmodernité, et celui du seuil, compris comme l’expression du tournant d’une vie. La présence d’une dimension parodique nous amène en outre à mobiliser un autre concept bakhtinien : celui de carnavalesque, qui s’articulerait justement autour des chronotopes de la route et du seuil définis précédemment. Afin de procéder à cette analyse chronotopique, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus d’oeuvres empruntées au répertoire américain, québécois et allemand, en raison notamment des multiples passerelles susceptibles d’être érigées entre ces différentes culturesAppearing in the wake of World War II, with the publication in 1957 of On the Road by Jack Kerouac,followed 12 years later with the screening of Denis Hopper’s Easy Rider, the road novel and road movie constitute, we argue, two sides of what we call the road narrative. Faced with a lack of comprehensive studies embracing both sides concurrently, and with recurrent amalgams, we reflect on the components differentiating the road novel and road movie from other types of wandering stories. Such a project calls for the construction of an intermedial apparatus, enabling us to jointly encompass artworks belonging to different media formats. Consequently, we build on the concept of the chronotope, as developed by Bakhtin as a tool for literarycriticism, and recently extended by scholars to cinematographic objects. We show how road novels and roadmovies emerge from the combination of two fundamental chronotopes: that of the road, exemplified by a postmodern universe dominated by motor vehicles and non-places, and that of the threshold, understood as the expression of a critical turn in one’s life. The noted presence of a parodic dimension in road narrativescalls for the introduction of an additional bakhtinian concept: the carnivalesque, which, as we show, can be articulated in relation to the previously defined road and threshold chronotopes. For this chronotopical analysis, we selected artworks from the American, Quebecois and German repertoires, a choice justified by the numerous potential connections to be established between those three different cultures
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Silva, Elaine Cristina Carvalho da. "Formações sociais e organização territorial no NO Peninsular: a integração no mundo romano durante o alto império." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-20062017-110136/.
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No presente trabalho, optou-se por adotar preceitos teóricos e metodológicos fundamentados nos princípios da interdisciplinaridade, a fim de melhor compreender os processos que resultaram na construção da Paisagem em estudo, a partir da lógica da rede viária romana do Noroeste Peninsular, pois são grandes eixos com uma influência persistente na morfologia histórica. Reconhecendo, assim, que sua incorporação na análise arqueológica pressupõe sua abordagem como um sistema complexo e dinâmico no qual diferentes fatores - naturais, culturais, materiais, econômicos, ideológicos e políticos - interagem e evoluem conjuntamente. Daí a opção pela perspectiva metodológica denominada Arqueologia da Paisagem vinculada ao ferramental Geotecnológico. É nesse sentido que aplicamos uma metodologia de estudo utilizando o ferramental geotecnológico interagindo com outras fontes disponíveis, tais como: fontes textuais, itinerários, epigrafia, miliários, pontes, dados ambientais e arqueológicos. As geotecnologias permitem integrar o conhecimento geográfico com o conhecimento arqueológico e historiográfico. Esses aspectos viabilizam uma análise mais integrada das redes viárias antigas, em particular dos itinerários que ligavam as três capitais conventuais do Noroeste Peninsular Romano fundadas por Augusto: Bracara Augusta, Lucus Augusti e Asturica Augusta. A partir da análise de cálculos de rotas ótimas foi possível observar que a lógica de mobilidade da rede viária romana, iniciada com a reorganização administrativa implementada por Augusto, priorizava ligações entre núcleos urbanos localizados em pontos estratégicos de controle do território e de tráfego de mercadorias. Dessa forma, as vias, além de estabelecerem ligações, a escalas variadas, entre os principais aglomerados populacionais, também garantiam a defesa e afirmação do poder de Roma sobre os territórios conquistados.In the present work, it was decided to adopt theoretical and methodological precepts based on the principles of interdisciplinarity, in order to better understand the processes that resulted in the construction of the Landscape under study, based on the logic of the Roman road network of the North-West Peninsular, axes with a persistent influence on historical morphology. Therefore, it is important to note that this is a complex and dynamic system in which different factors - natural, cultural, material, economic, ideological and political - interact and evolve together. Hence the option for the methodological perspective called Landscape Archeology linked to the Geotechnological tooling. It is in this sense that we apply a methodology of study using the geotechnical tooling interacting with other available sources, such as: textual sources, itineraries, epigraphy, miliaries, bridges, environmental and archaeological data. Geotechnologies allow the integration of geographic knowledge with archaeological and historiographic knowledge. These aspects make possible a more integrated analysis of the old road networks, in particular the itineraries that linked the three conventual capitals of the Roman Northwest founded by Augustus: Bracara Augusta, Lucus Augusti and Asturica Augusta. From the analysis of optimum route calculations, it was possible to observe that the mobility logic of the Roman road network, initiated with the administrative reorganization implemented by Augustus, prioritized links between urban nuclei located at strategic points of territory control and traffic of goods. In this way, the routes, other establishing connections, at different scales, between the main population groups, also guaranteed, the defense and affirmation of the power of Rome over the conquered territories.
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Vinot-Battistoni, Benoît. "La voie romaine de Lyon à Trèves : étude archéologique d'un axe routier majeur et de l'évolution de son environnement." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040007.
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La voie romaine Lyon-Trèves est un axe de communication majeur, qui organise une part importante de la circulation routière dans la Gaule de l’Est. Si elle a fait l’objet, depuis le XVIIIe siècle, de nombreuses recherches, peu d’études s’intéressent directement à son architecture et à ses caractéristiques, et de nombreuses parts d’ombre demeurent.Cette thèse propose donc un examen archéologique de celle-ci et de son environnement proche entre Lyon (69) et Metz (57), afin d’en préciser les connaissances. Une première partie se concentre sur l’étude des modes de construction, des caractéristiques structurelles et du tracé de la voie. Elle révèle la diversité des solutions techniques employées, ainsi qu’une forte adaptabilité aux différents contextes rencontrés. Par ailleurs, l’utilisation d’outils SIG a permis la mise en place d’une importante réflexion sur les temps de déplacement le long de la route. Ce fut également l’occasion de mener des calculs de modélisation pour retrouver le tracé de la voie dans des secteurs où il restait incertain. Dans une seconde partie, l’environnement de la route est examiné afin de préciser nos connaissances sur l’organisation et l’évolution de cette dernière. Une attention particulière est portée aux zones funéraires et aux structures militaires et défensives jalonnant la voie, afin de comprendre leur relation avec l’axe routier. Les occupations rurales font l’objet d’une étude spécifique, qui met en avant leur complexité et leur aspect multifonctionnel. Enfin, l’ensemble de ces études sont mises en perspective afin de préciser la chronologie de la voie Lyon-Trèves, que ce soit au niveau de sa date de construction ou de ses évolutions postérieuresThe Lyon-Trier roman road is a major axis of communication, which organises an important part of the road traffic in the Eastern Gaul. It has been the subject, since the 18th century, of many researches, but few studies focused directly in its architecture and its characteristics, and many shares of shade remain. This thesis offers therefore an archaeological examination of this one and of its close environment between Lyon (69) and Metz (57), in order to specify their knowledge. A first part concentrates on the study of the methods of building, the structural features and the course of the road. It reveals the diversity of used technical solutions, as well as a strong adaptability with the various contexts met. Moreover, the use of GIS softwares allowed the realization of an important analysis on travel times along the road. It was also the occasion to carry out spatial modelling operations to find the course of the road in sectors where it remained uncertain. In a second part, the environment of the road is examined to specify our knowledge of the organisation and the evolution of the latter. A particular attention is carried to the funeral area and to military and defensive structures bordering the route, in order to understand their relation with the roman road. The rural occupations are the object of a specific study, which highlights their complexity and their multifunctional aspect. Finally, all these studies are put in perspective to specify the chronology of the Lyon-Trier roman road, both for his date of building and for its posterior evolutions
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Kahwagi-Janho, Hany. "Étude archéologique et architecturale de la zone de l’hippodrome de Tyr." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040054.
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Cette thèse a pour objet l’étude du secteur de l’hippodrome romain du site archéologique d’el-Bass à Tyr (Liban sud). Six monuments et structures archéologiques sont concernés : la route antique, l’arc monumental, l’aqueduc, l’hippodrome et les deux bains de factions qui lui sont associés. Une description détaillée du site et de son cadre archéologique, géographique et historique sera suivie d’une étude approfondie de chacun des monuments. Cette étude couvrira leurs divers aspects archéologiques, architecturaux, typologiques ainsi que les divers remaniements qu’ils subirent. L’ensemble sera accompagné de plusieurs approches comparatives avec des monuments contemporains similaires. Cette étude sera complétée par une analyse urbaine du site, qui traitera de la disposition des monuments les uns par rapport aux autres ainsi que par une étude chronologique qui présentera les diverses phases de son évolution, son développement et son abandonThis thesis has for object the survey of the sector of the Roman hippodrome of the archaeological site of el-Bass in Tyre (South Lebanon). Six monuments and archaeological structures are concerned: the ancient road, the monumental arch, the aqueduct, the hippodrome and the two faction baths that are associated to it. A detailed description of the site and its archaeological, geographical and historic setting will be followed by a deepened survey of each of the monuments. This survey will cover their various archaeological, architectural, typological aspects as well as the various overhauls that they underwent. The whole will be accompanied by several comparative approaches with similar contemporary monuments. This survey will be completed by an urban analysis of the site, which will be about the disposition of the monuments as well as by a chronological survey that will present the various phases of its evolution, its development and its abandonment
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Follain, Éric. "Le centre monumental romain d'Appolonia d'Illyrie : images de synthèse et restitutions archéologiques." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20005.
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Colonie grecque, Apollonia d’Illyrie (Albanie), a connu à l’époque romaine des phases de construction et d’aménagement importantes. En témoigne le centre monumental qui a fait l’objet de fouilles et de dégagements sous la direction du français Léon Rey au début du XXe siècle. Après la seconde guerre mondiale, les équipes albanaises ont poursuivi les recherches archéologiques et ont réalisé les restaurations et les présentations actuelles. Le centre monumental est organisé autour de deux édifices principaux, l’odéon et le monument des agonothètes. Ces lieux d’assemblée attestent du caractère public de ce secteur de la ville comme le fait un arc de triomphe légèrement postérieur. Des boutiques témoignent d’une fonction commerciale annexe. L’aspect religieux est illustré par un temple ionique, entouré d’un portique, associé à un bâtiment nommé usuellement "prytanée", et par un petit sanctuaire. Enfin, un édifice de plan carré peut être soit une bibliothèque soit un Augusteum. Après l’analyse des vestiges accessibles et de la documentation, une approche des fonctions des différents monuments et les renvois aux éléments comparatifs des hypothèses de restitutions sont proposées puis transposées en images de synthèse. Elles sont ensuite assemblées en une vision globale du centre monumental romain, dans son état du début du IIIe siècle ap. J.-C. Dans l’attente de l’achèvement des recherches sur l’agora, localisée à quelques centaines de mètres, cet ensemble pourrait être un complexe architectural dédié au culte impérial dont l’importance aurait attiré, dans le courant du IIe siècle, le bouleuterion que prudemment on désigne encore comme "monument des agonothètes"During the Roman period, “Apollonia of Illyria”, a greek settlement in Albania, knew several phases of construction and development. This is demonstrated by the study of the monumental center which was the object of excavations supervised by a French archaeologist Léon Rey at the beginning of the XXth century. After World War II, Albanian teams pursued the researches. They realized the restorations and the current presentations. The monumental center is organized around two main buildings, the Odeon and the “monument of Agonothetes”. These meeting places give evidence of the public character of this part of the city, just like the existence of a triumphal arch built later on. Shops also prove the commercial function of this place. Then, the religious function is illustrated by an ionic temple surrounded by a portico associated with a building named “prytaneum’ and by a small sanctuary. Finally, a square building is either a library or an “augusteum”. After an analysis of the visible vestiges and documentation, a report on the functions of the various monuments and a presentation of the comparative elements, the hypothesis of reconstructions will be proposed and transposed into computer-generated images. They will be assembled in a global vision of the roman monumental center at the beginning of the third century. Researches concerning the agora, localized a few hundred meters further, are not achieved yet but this place could be an architectural complex dedicated to imperial cult. During the second century, its importance could have attracted the bouleuterion that remains, for the moment, named as “monument of Agonothetes”
Kolonia greke e Apolonisë së Ilirisë, në Shqipëri, ka njohur faza të rëndësishme ndërtimi dhe riorganizimi urban në periudhën romake. Këtë e dëshmon qendra monumentale që ka qenë pikësynimi i gërmimeve dhe zbulimeve të kryera nën drejtimin e francezit Leon Rei, në fillim të shekullit të XX. Pas Luftës së II Botërore, ekipet shqiptare kanë vazhduar nxjerrjen në dritë të saj, si dhe kanë realizuar restaurimet dhe pamjet që shohim sot. Qendra monumentale është organizuar rreth dy godinave kryesore, odeoni dhe monumenti i Agonotetëve. Këto vende mbledhjesh dëshmojnë për karakterin publik të kësaj zone të qytetit, ashtu si dhe një hark triumfi pak më i vonshëm. Dyqanet dëshmojnë për një funksion tregtar aneks. Aspekti religjioz ilustrohet me praninë e një tempulli jonik, të rrethuar me një portik, dhe që lidhet me një godinë të ashtuquajtur prytaneum, si dhe me një faltore e vogël. Së fundmi, një ndërtesë në formë katrore mund të jetë ndoshta një bibliotekë apo augusteum. Në përfundim të studimit të rrënojave të dukshme dhe të dokumentacionit përkatës, parashtrohet trajtimi i funksioneve të monumenteve të ndryshme dhe i elementeve krahasuese të rimëkëmbjes hipotetike të tyre, që më tej transformohen në paraqitjet e informatizuara. Më pas, të gjithë elementët janë bashkuar në një pamje gjithëpërfshirëse të qendrës monumentale romake, ashtu siç paraqitej ajo në fillimin e shek. III të e. sonë. Në pritje të përfundimit të kërkimeve në agora, e cila gjendet vetëm disa qindra metra larg, ky ansambël duket të ketë qenë një kompleks arkitekturor që i kushtohej kultit perandorak, rëndësia e të cilit do të tërhiqte përgjatë shek. II të e. sonë buleterionin, që ende në mënyrë të kujdesshme emërtohet si “monumenti i Agonotetëve”
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Martínez, Fernández Jesús. "Dinámicas del poblamiento rural y del territorio en zonas del noroeste de la cuenca del Duero entre época romana y la Alta Edad Media a través de la Arqueología del Paisaje." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672471.
Full textAbstract:
La present tesi doctoral arqueològica neix de l'interès de l'estudi del territori i societat de les comunitats que van viure en el període de transició entre l'època clàssica i l'Alta Edat mitjana. La caiguda de l'Imperi Romà i la progressiva arribada de noves elits a la península Ibèrica suposarà tota una sèrie de canvis socials, econòmics i d'organització territorial que establiran en certa manera les bases sociopolítiques de l'època medieval.
Aquest projecte pretén estudiar els canvis en les dinàmiques de poblament rural entre època romana i l'Alta Edat mitjana en zones del nord-oest de la conca del Duero a través de tècniques pròpies de l'Arqueologia del Paisatge com l'anàlisi arqueomorfològic. De la mateixa manera, es pretén aprofundir en els processos de transformació social, econòmica i política que es van desenvolupar en aquest període de transició entre època clàssica i medieval, per a la qual es documenten aparentment nous patrons d'ocupació de l'espai.
El desenvolupament de la tesi incideix en diverses problemàtiques associades a aquest estudi, com el creixent interès pels processos de canvi i noves formes de gestió territorial en els últims segles del món romà, l'arqueologia dels espais agraris i dels despoblats, i finalment l'escassetat d'informació arqueològica en zones rurals especialment entre els segles *tardorromanos i altmedievals.
Els resultats mostren la pervivència d'un paisatge tradicional, un sistema de comunicacions i distribució del poblament actual que s'ha configurat i modificat en diferents períodes històrics, especialment entre els segles V i VIII n. e..La presente tesis doctoral arqueológica nace del interés del estudio del territorio y sociedad de las comunidades que vivieron en el período de transición entre la época clásica y la Alta Edad Media. La caída del Imperio Romano y la progresiva llegada de nuevas élites a la península Ibérica supondrá toda una serie de cambios sociales, económicos y de organización territorial que establecerán en cierta medida las bases sociopolíticas de la época medieval. Este proyecto pretende estudiar los cambios en las dinámicas de poblamiento rural entre época romana y la Alta Edad Media en zonas del noroeste de la cuenca del Duero a través de técnicas propias de la Arqueología del Paisaje como el análisis arqueomorfológico. Del mismo modo, se pretende profundizar en los procesos de transformación social, económica y política que se desarrollaron en este período de transición entre época clásica y medieval, para la que se documentan aparentemente nuevos patrones de ocupación del espacio. El desarrollo de la tesis incide en diversas problemáticas asociadas a este estudio, como el creciente interés por los procesos de cambio y nuevas formas de gestión territorial en los últimos siglos del mundo romano, la arqueología de los espacios agrarios y de los despoblados, y finalmente la escasez de información arqueológica en zonas rurales especialmente entre los siglos tardorromanos y altomedievales. Los resultados muestran la pervivencia de un paisaje tradicional, un sistema de comunicaciones y distribución del poblamiento actual que se ha configurado y modificado en distintos períodos históricos, en especial entre los siglos V y VIII n. e..
This archaeological doctoral thesis arises from the interest of the study of the territory and society of the communities that lived in the transition period between the classical period and the Early Middle Ages. The fall of the Roman Empire and the progressive arrival of new elites to the Iberian Peninsula will suppose a whole series of social, economic and territorial organization changes that will establish to a certain extent the socio-political foundations of medieval times. This project aims to study the changes in the dynamics of rural settlement patterns between Roman times and the High Middle Ages in areas of the northwest of the Duero basin through techniques of Landscape Archeology such as archeomorphological analysis. In the same way, it is intended to deepen the processes of social, economic and political transformation that took place in this period of transition between classical and medieval times, for which apparently new patterns of space occupation are documented. The development of the thesis affects various problems associated with this study, such as the growing interest in the processes of change and new forms of territorial management in the last centuries of the Roman world, the archeology of agrarian and unpopulated spaces, and finally the scarcity of archaeological information in rural areas especially between the late Roman and high medieval centuries. The results show the survival of a traditional landscape, a communication system and distribution of the current settlement that has been configured and modified in different historical periods, especially between the 5th and 8th centuries CE.
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Shi, Xiaoxiao. "Romans de la quête multiple : "La montagne de l'âme" (Gao Xingjian) et "Sur la route" (Jack Kerouac)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20010.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse consiste en une étude comparée de La Montagne de l’âme de Gao Xingjian et Sur la route de Jack Kerouac ayant « la quête » comme problématique centrale. Bien qu’à première vue les deux œuvres apparaissent fort différentes, selon l’esprit de la littérature comparée, elles méritent une confrontation minutieuse et nous estimons qu’elles possèdent quantité de points communs : Premièrement, il s’agit de deux romans foisonnants qui englobent bon nombre de genres romanesques et semblant relever simultanément de plusieurs catégories : roman autobiographique, roman-géographe, roman de pèlerinage, roman picaresque, roman de mœurs, roman de méditation, et enfin roman « froid » et « sans-isme ». Par leurs différents aspects, ces deux œuvres peuvent satisfaire aux attentes de divers lecteurs. Deuxièmement, au plan stylistique, La Montagne de l’âme et Sur la route sont deux romans insolites. L’innovation de La Montagne de l’âme se manifeste par la pratique d’un mode de narration inédit, la particularité linguistique, la singularité dans la structure, l’hétérogénéité du matériau romanesque, bref par une grande originalité formelle. Quant à Sur la route, sa nouveauté se manifeste d’abord par sa création fondamentale, à savoir la prose spontanée. Elle s’exprime aussi par la particularité de la construction romanesque, l’originalité de l’écriture et la singularité du contenu. Troisième parenté fondamentale : La Montagne de l’âme et Sur la route se présentent comme deux quêtes de l’espace. Montagne, chemin et maison sont trois motifs récurrents communs à ces deux romans qui sont également deux odes aux grands espaces. Les protagonistes relatent les itinéraires parcourus en Amérique et en Chine et l’on peut voir dans ces livres deux odes aux cultures nées dans les grands espaces. À l’intérieur de ces deux œuvres, les paysages romanesques se recommandent par leur caractère pictural et polysensoriel. L’espace typographique du texte est également aménagé avec art : les deux romans sont à la fois découpés et cousus. Enfin, considérés sous l’angle de la spiritualité, La Montagne de l’âme et Sur la route peuvent être dits romans de l’âme : de nombreuses questions spirituelles y sont intégrées, posées et approfondies. L’un et l’autre traitent la quête du sens de la vie, plus précisément, la quête de l’ego (identité, soi), la quête d’un mode de vie (fondé sur le présent, la liberté) et la quête métaphysique (destin, mort, croyance). Ces quatre similitudes correspondent à quatre quêtes que les deux oeuvres déploient à leur façon : la recherche d’un genre romanesque, d’une stylistique originale, d’un espace romanesque et enfin d’un sens de la vieThe thesis is about the comparative analysis which concern about the main concept of quest where from soul mountain of Gao Xingjian and On the Road of Jack Kerouac. Although these two books seem quite unlike, by the spiritual of comparative literature, they totally worth to be comparative studied carefully, and we think they have quite much in common.First, these two novels are both rich in connotation, they cover many of the novel categories, such as autobiographical novel, geographical novel, pilgrimage novel, picaresque novel, novel of manners, novel of meditation, the “cold” novel and non socialist novel. In different aspects, these two works can meet the needs of different readers.Secondly, in the stylistics, the soul mountain and on the road are two unusual novels. The innovation of the soul mountain is the practice of singularity of narration, the singularity of language characteristic, the singularity of structure, the heterogeneity of the material, the singularity of the form. As for on the road, the creativity of the novel based on many aspects, namely the spontaneous prose, also the singularity of characteristic of the construction, the way of writing, and the uniqueness of content.The third, the soul mountain and on the road two novels both relate as they quest the idea of space. Mountain, road and house are three common recurrent motifs which show up in these two novels, which are also odes of wide open spaces. The protagonists narrate the travel through America and China. We can discover from the two books both contain odes which point to the cultures cultivated from the spaces. In these two works, the narrations about landscapes are both pictorial and also polysensoriel. Spaces typographic of the two novels are also rearranged with art: both cut and sewn. Finally, from the perspective of the spiritual, the soul mountain and on the road can be regarded as novels of the soul: many spiritual questions are quested and thoroughly researched. The two novels both deal with the quest for the sense of life, and more specifically, the pursuit of the ego, (identity, soi), the quest for the way of life (present, liberty), the quest for the metaphysical (destiny, death, religion).These four similarities are corresponding to the four quests of these two novels: the quest of novel categories, stylistics, space, sense of life
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Ortéga, Julien. "Libérer l'écriture : le projet de la Beat Generation." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0020/document.
Full textAbstract:
La littérature américaine est en mouvement constant. Elle cherche des pistes, des issues et des histoires évoquant ou transgressant la réalité. Depuis l’arrivée des premiers colons, l’influence des auteurs européens ne s’est jamais démentie sur les futurs natifs d’une terre en pleine expansion. Progressivement voué à l’exploration et à la découverte de l’intériorité de l’homme, l’auteur décrit les multiples évolutions métamorphosant la terre et les consciences. S’affranchir des lieux communs afin de s’approcher au plus près du mythe ultime – à savoir le « Grand Roman américain » – est une manière pour les écrivains du Nouveau Monde d’entrer dans la légende en s’appropriant le langage. Grâce à Jack London et la Beat Generation, écrire est synonyme de témoignage, la langue étant perpétuellement à réinventer. Libérer l’écriture de ses entraves est bien plus qu’un simple projet, c’est en quelque sorte un moyen d’émanciper la page. Du voyage clandestin dans les wagons de marchandises à la glorification du verbe neuf, la route tient toute ses promessesAmerican literature is a constant flux. It is looking for new paths, exits and stories evoking or transgressing reality. Since the arrival of the first settlers, the influence of European authors on the future natives of this always-expanding country has never waned. As he progressively devoted himself to the discovery and exploration of the interiority of Man, the author has described the multiple evolutions which transformed both the land and the minds. Freeing oneself from commonplace ideas in order to get closer to the ultimate myth – that is, the “Great American Novel” – is a way for the writers of the New World to go down in history by taking full ownership of the language itself. Thanks to Jack London and the Beat Generation, writing has become a byword for testimony, as the language has continuously been reinvented. Freeing writing from its shackles is much more than a simple project, it is a way to liberate the novel. From illegal trips in freight cars to the glorification of a new Word, the road has kept all its promises
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Brissaud, Laurence. "Le franchissement du fleuve à Vienne (Isère)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010581.
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L’étude de la voirie antique du site archéologique de Saint-Romain-en-Gal (Rhône), menée depuis vingt-cinq ans, a permis de mettre en lumière le rôle essentiel de la rue du Portique dans le développement de ce quartier de Vienne antique, situé sur la rive droite du Rhône. Traversant la plaine d’ouest en est, cette rue qui s’interrompait brutalement sur la berge du Rhône en face du cœur ancien de la capitale des Allobroges, a soulevé la question du franchissement du fleuve. Le nombre des ponts attribués à l’époque romaine a connu des évolutions au fil du temps. Une recherche historiographique importante a donc été menée afin d’établir la connaissance effective des indices prouvant la présence d’un ou de plusieurs ouvrages d’art antiques à la hauteur de Vienna, duplex urbs. Mais pour comprendre leur logique d’implantation, il a fallu également suivre la genèse d’installation des points de franchissement plus récents qui ont été soumis aux mêmes contraintes topographiques et urbaines que les ouvrages antiques. Il ressort de cette étude que deux ponts peuvent être attribués à l’époque romaine. Le troisième, plus monumental, le pont de pierre, considéré dans la mémoire collective comme le Pont Romain de la ville, semble toutefois remonter au Haut Moyen ÂgeThe study of the ancient road to the archaeological site of Saint-Romain-en-Gal (Rhône), conducted for twenty-five years, helped to highlight the essential role of the Portico street in the development of this area of Antique Vienna, on the right bank of the Rhône. Across the plain from west to east, the street would strop abruptly on the bank of the Rhône opposite the ancient heart of the capital of the Allobroges, raised the issue of crossing the river. The number of bridges attributed to the Roman era has seen changes over time. An important historiographical research has been conducted to determine actual knowledge clues proving the presence of one or more works of ancient art at the height of Vienna, duplex urbs. But to understand their logic implementation, it took also follow the genesis of installing newer crossing points that were subject to the same topographical and urban and ancient books constraints. It appears from this study that two bridges can be attributed to the Roman era. The third, more monumental, stone bridge, seen in the collective memory as the roman bridge in the city, however, seems to go back to the High Middle Age
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CERRUTI, GIANLUCA. "Essays in Applied Economics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1048850.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 1. Migrant Perceptions and Extreme Right Voting. The Role of Historic Sea Trade.
In this chapter, we examine the connection between political ideologies and migrant perception. We test the hypothesis that a negative perception of migrants influences individuals’ far-right political positioning. In order to address likely endogeneity issues, we rely on historical Genoese and Venetian trade routes to Africa between XI and XIV century. Having routes to Africa in the Middle Ages implied hosting slave communities, as well as communities of sailors who met Muslims in Islamic ports. Thus, it meant somehow being in contact with unalike people many years earlier than those who lived elsewhere. On this basis, we construct a set of measures related to the proximity of each individual’s municipality of residence to the nearest Medieval port, calculated on the ancient Roman road network. Our models account for personal controls as well as historical, geographical and socio-economic municipal characteristics. Results suggest that historical ports play a significant role by shaping migrant perception affecting political positioning. We also test the persistence of history on electoral outcomes at the municipality level, using data from the 2018 Italian national elections. The outcome supports the main individual-level findings.Chapter 2. Employment protection legislation and household formation: evidence from Italy. While many studies have investigated the determinants of household formation and fertility of young adults, only a few focused on the impact of employment protection legislation (EPL) on these outcomes. In this paper, we study the differentiated impact of the EPL reduction associated to the Jobs Act in 2015 in Italy on the household formation and fertility intentions of young Italians in various districts. To do this, we use data from a survey conducted on a sample of 18-34 years old for the years 2012, 2015, 2016 and 2017. The identification strategy exploits local variation in the level of efficiency of courts, measured in terms of average duration of proceedings, to assess the existence of within country and across district heterogeneity of the reform impact. Indeed, firing costs used to be relatively larger in those districts characterized by a larger duration of labor trials. The Jobs Act, by reducing firing costs, and modifying the autonomy of judges, should have had a larger impact in districts with less efficient courts. According to our results, the reform seems to have indirectly levelled out the fertility and household formation intentions of young Italians living in districts with more and less efficient courts.
Chapter 3. The effects of the Affordable Care Act on time use. In that chapter, through the analysis of the American Time Use Surveys daily diary data, we study the impact of the Affordable Care Act on the time allocation of childless adults focusing on two key pillars of the Affordable Care Act: Medicaid expansion and Tax Premium Subsidies. We adopt a triple differences-in-differences approach that hinges on income eligibility thresholds and cross states variation in the time of implementation of these two pillars, to conclude that individuals newly eligible to Medicaid reduced their labour supply at the intensive margin, while potential beneficiaries of Tax Credit Premium Subsidies increased their labour supply at the extensive margin. In particular, our estimates suggest that people newly eligible to Medicaid may reduce long working hours and spend lesser time waiting to and receiving care. On top of that, they perform more household chores and management tasks, and also dedicate more time to caring for individuals from other households and volunteering. In contrast, potential beneficiaries of Tax Credit Premium Subsidies reduce their leisure time, on average. The rationales for these findings are discussed and our results are set in perspective of earlier studies.
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Baxa, Paul. "Roads and ruins: Fascism and the Roman cityscape." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=449745&T=F.
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Gould, Dorianne Abra. "An interdisciplinary study of the creation of perceptual map layers for predictive modeling in a geographic information system (GIS) : a case study of the Roman roads in the eastern desert of Egypt /." 2001. http://www.cast.uark.edu/local/dagdiss/home.htm.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 2001.Title from title display on home page. "December 2001." Description of resource as of March 6, 2002. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on CD-ROM, with printed brochure describing the dissertation.
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Screen, Beryl Mary. "Around the Roman world in 180 days." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1591.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation is intended to show whether it is possible for a Roman traveller to make a journey around the Roman world in the year C.E. 210, within 180 days, in a manner similar to that of Phileas Fogg, a character in Jules Verne's novel Around the World in Eighty Days (1874). The Roman's 180-day adventure to complete the journey within the set time incorporates logistics and itinerary on ancient roads, canals and sea voyages, and quotes
Horace, Juvenal, Pausanias, Ovid and Strabo.
Verne linked the past, an ancient two thousand year old water system in Aden - with his traveller who also visited the site. The Roman traveller will link the past with the present, viewing ancient building and engineering
works such as the Lyonnais aqueducts, and the Greek use of curvature in design when building the Parthenon. Parts of such construction remain in situ for the present-day traveller to view.Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies
(M.A. (Specialization in Ancient Languages and Cultures))
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Šurinová, Miroslava. "Římské tábory v Egyptě." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322132.
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This paper deals with roman fortifications in Egypt. The main emphasis is laid on roman fortresses on forts. Their descriptions are included in the first part of the paper. Another fortification's elements, history of roman province and mentions of forts in ancient writings, which put the forts in geographical and historical context, are described more shortly. The paper includes a brief part about roman navy too. In the second part of the paper the author tries to point out the functions of forts, development of fortification system, the architectural similarities between forts in Egypt and to find architectural parallels in other parts of Roman Empire.
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Ford, Veronika. "Římské fortifikace v egyptské Západní poušti." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-451074.
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The work will focus mainly on the collection of available written and archaeological data on Roman fortifications and other fortification elements in the Western Desert in Egypt. The data will be organized with the help of a database program, in which will be recorded all available information about the desert fortifications dating from the end of the 3rd century to the beginning of the 5th century AD. Thanks to the creation of this database, it will be possible to compare individual fortifications in terms of construction technology, layout, position and orientation. The potential of the work itself is therefore in the collection, comparison, and evaluation of available information. At the same time, the database will be connected to a geographic information system (GIS), which will first record the exact location of individual fortifications and other elements in the Western Desert and secondly a map of caravan routes passing through the area. As part of the evaluation of the mutual positions of fortifications and other fortification elements and caravan routes, it will also be possible to interpret localities in the context of the main roads passing through the area of the Western Desert. Key words: Roman fortifications, Roman army, Egypt, Western desert, oases, caravan routes
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Brito, João Miguel Cid. "O Povoamento Rural Romano entre o Mondego e o Cobral." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93745.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Arqueologia e Território apresentada à Faculdade de LetrasO quadrante norte do concelho de Oliveira do Hospital, entre os rios Mondego e Cobral, é parte integrante do território da civitas de Bobadela e foi definido como o nosso território de estudo. O conhecimento do povoamento rural romano neste território era ainda incipiente, uma vez que, ao longo de décadas, a investigação da arqueologia romana versou mais sobre o núcleo urbano da splendidissima civitas – Bobadela – sendo essa a primeiríssima prioridade da investigação. Embora sempre relacionada com esta, pretendemos neste trabalho ter uma melhor perceção da análise do povoamento rural romano, sem deixar de ter como referência o pré-romano e o da época medieval, no território compreendido entre o Mondego e o Cobral. Para o efeito, centrámos a nossa investigação na identificação de sítios arqueológicos de época romana. A principal forma de fazer essa identificação foi através da prospeção arqueológica de superfície, aliando a outras formas de reconhecimento, como a toponímia, informações orais, documentos medievais e modernos, entre outros, enquanto fontes capazes de auxiliar o planeamento das prospeções no terreno. Todas estas fontes foram parte integrante de uma metodologia que orientou esta nossa dissertação. Após o trabalho de campo sistematizámos os dados numa ficha de inventário, onde identificámos e descrevemos cada sítio arqueológico. Procurámos quer nos inéditos, quer nos revisitados, reunir e sistematizar informações acerca dos mesmos, bem como registar informações orais, que apesar de não ter correspondência ou as vislumbrarmos em campo, fossem sugestivas sob o ponto de vista arqueológico, podendo as mesmas corresponder a dados importantes para a melhor compreensão deste território e do seu povoamento antigo. Ainda que analisando sumariamente os materiais recolhidos em prospeção, ou detendo mais tempo na análise dos materiais exumados no âmbito de anteriores investigações, procurámos também por esta via reunir e acrescentar conhecimento acerca do povoamento antigo identificado nesta parte do território da splendidissima civitas. Frequentemente, são estes os “fósseis diretores” que permitem uma classificação tipológico-cronológica dos sítios arqueológicos, de uma forma mais segura. Finalmente, em termos da rede viária, quer através da epigrafia conhecida e documentada, quer dos percursos lajeados, e ainda tendo como premissa a rede de povoamento romano conhecido e a localização das capitais de civitates, propusemos o trajeto de alguns eixos que ligariam as capitais de civitates, uns já conhecidos, outros por nós pela primeira vez propostos com base numa análise mais detalhada e no terreno.
The northern quadrant of the municipality of Oliveira do Hospital, between the rivers of Mondego and Cobral, is an integral part of the territory of the civitas of Bobadela. The knowledge of the Roman rural settlement in this administrative area was still incipient, since over decades, the investigation of Roman archeology has dealt more with the urban settlement of the capital of the civitas - Bobadela - this being the first priority of this investigation. Continuing with this, we intend to have a better perception of the analysis of pre-Roman settlement until medieval times, in an underlined territory, through the identification of archaeological sites.The main way to make this identification was through surface archaeological exploration, combining other forms of knowledge, such as toponymy, oral information, medieval and modern documents, among others. All these information sources were an integral part of a methodology that guided our dissertation. After the fieldwork, we carried out an inventory sheet, where we generically identified each archaeological site.We looked to both the unpublished and the revisited to leave information about them, as well as data that although we could not see in the field, it can correspond to important knowledge for a better understanding of the territory and its population.Finally, even though our brief analysis of the collected materials in the prospection, and spending more time on the materials previously exhumed, in the scope of previous investigations, we tried to transmit knowledge about the ancient settlement. Often, these are the fossil directors that allow a typological-chronological classification of archaeological sites, in a more secure way.In terms of the road network, either through the well-known and documented epigraphic culture, or through the paved paths, and still with the premise of the known Roman settlement network, we proposed some axes that would link the capitals of civitas, some already known, others firstly proposed by us.
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Rasteiro, Inês do Nascimento. "Contributo para o estudo do espólio arqueológico do sítio romano de Eira Velha (Miranda do Corvo): Indicadores cronológicos das fases de construção." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/97040.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Arqueologia e Território apresentada à Faculdade de LetrasO sítio arqueológico de Eira Velha (Miranda do Corvo, Coimbra) foi intervencionado entre Fevereiro e Novembro de 2011 no âmbito da construção de um ramal do IC3 Tomar-Coimbra. De acordo com o estudo preliminar elaborado, que decorreu em várias etapas, foi possível reconhecer a existência de quatro momentos de ocupação romana balizados entre meados do século I d.C. e os finais do século IV d.C. e que se articulam vivamente com alguns segmentos de circulação viária. O posicionamento peculiar deste arqueossítio no território e a sua relação simbiótica com as vias contribuiu para a sua interpretação como estação viária e fomentou o surgimento de algumas propostas que permitiram a inclusão deste sítio no panorama viário da província romana da Lusitânia.Nesta dissertação apresentam-se os resultados da análise das fases de construção atribuídas ao sítio de Eira Velha com base nos dados resultantes da investigação propedêutica. Do acervo de materiais recuperados no decorrer da escavação arqueológica foram seleccionadas todas as realidades artefactuais que se distinguem por serem excelentes indicadores cronológicos, tornando-se esta a nossa principal ferramenta de estudo e interpretação. Esta investigação resulta da execução de um estudo crono-estratigráfico que confronta os eventos de deposição do sítio com o espólio selecionado. A apresentação deste singelo contributo representa uma nova abordagem para o conhecimento e estudo dos materiais e das dinâmicas ocupacionais deste sítio arqueológico.
The archaeological site of Eira Velha (Miranda do Corvo, Coimbra) was excavated between February and November 2011, under the construction of a section of the IC3 Tomar-Coimbra. Through this preliminary study, which took place in several stages, it was possible to recognize the existence of four moments of roman occupation between the middle of the 1st century A.D. and the end of the 4th century A.D., which are dynamically articulated with the existence of some segments of circulation routes. The peculiar positioning of the site in the territory and its symbiotic relationship with the roads contributed to its interpretation as a road station and increased the development of some proposals that permitted the inclusion of this site in the road scenery of the Roman province of Lusitania.This present dissertation introduces the results of the analysis of the construction phases attributed to the Eira Velha site based on data from the propaedeutic investigation. From the collection of remains recovered during the archaeological excavation, all the artifactual realities that stand out for being excellent chronological indicators were selected, making these elements our major tool for study and interpretation. This investigation results from the implementation of a chrono-stratigraphic study that contrasts all the deposition events of the site with the selected artifacts. Our contribution represents a new approach to the knowledge of the occupational dynamics in this archaeological site.
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Glover, Graham. "The end of the road for the Roman rule of risk in sale?" 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70550.
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The venerable Roman rule of risk in the law of sale – “perfecta emptione periculum est emptoris” – has always been a rule that has courted controversy, be it in the South African legal system or others where it has operated. In an excellent piece of analytical historical scholarship titled “Perfecta emptione periculum est emptoris: Why all the fuss?” Van den Bergh argued in 2008 that, despite all the ink that has been spent on critiquing the rule in the thousands of years that have passed since its genesis, the rule has endured, and there are indeed reasons (partly practical and partly policy-related) that have justified its resilience. In this article I do not wish to dispute her carefully researched historiographical conclusions. Rather, I wish to suggest that circumstances may now have changed. The agent of this change is, not unexpectedly, the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (the act). The act, simply stated, changes the rule of risk that applies to consumer sale contracts. The way in which the legislation does so will be discussed fully in part 4 of the article below. But what does this legislative shift mean for the common-law rule, bearing in mind that not all contracts are contracts that fall under the act? In the remainder of the article I shall discuss whether the time has come for the common-law rule to take its bow, particularly in the light of the criticism it has always faced, the clear and consistent statements of policy that emerge from the act and comparative modern sources about where risk should fall, and the interests of fairness and uniformity of treatment of the parties to a sale contract.
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Pažout, Adam. "Prostorová analýza raně římských fortifikací v severním Negevu." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-333465.
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13 Abstract The present thesis aims to answer questions regarding function of many Early Roman fortifications investigated in past decades in the region of Northern Negev, i.e. in the valley of Nahal Beersheva between modern towns of Arad and Beersheva. In past, various interpretations were provided, often conflicting with each other and therefore author sought to look at this topic from different point of view, using GIS based tools to explore spatial relationships between the fortifications and settlements in terms of intervisibility (for military signaling and control) and relation to road-system. Moreover, Early Roman Judaea was unstable region with high prevalence of banditry and thus assumption is that military responded to these threats. The results of viewshed analysis (intervisiblity) and least-cost path (reconstruction of road system) can roughly divide the region in question to the zones. In the first zone, most of the fortifications are intervisible and also exercise control of settlements and roads; while in the second zone forts cannot communicate using signals but are located on important roads providing water, lodging and security to travelers. It leads to conclusion that these forts served as stations of detached military units concerned with policing and administration (in both zones) and...
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Kubalová, Barbora. "The Role of Violence in Blood Meridian and The Road by Cormac McCarthy." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-331763.
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Violence has always been conspicuously present in the American nation, its culture and literature. Considering the immoderate abundance of violence in current entertainment industry, it would seem natural for the emotions to be dulled and able to process any abhorrent excess of violence; the reactions that both Blood Meridian and The Road by the American author Cormac McCarthy have gathered are thus all the more surprising. Face to face with the novels' unspeakable evil, many readers do recoil in horror and the pervasive violence of McCarthy's writings has provoked a wide range of critical perception. The novels may differ significantly in the setting − Southwestern United States of the 19th century in Blood Meridian as opposed to post-apocalyptic future of The Road - but the apparent gulf between both groups of characters and mainly between them and the reader is only another ruse of McCarthy's scheme, whereby he unveils uncomfortable truths about humankind. Although his meticulous study of sources might support the inevitability, even a penchant for bloodshed and carnage in specific conditions, it would be erroneous and contrary to McCarthy's portrayal to imply that it is anomalous rather than representative. The hostility in the novels should not be understood as a feature of a particular region or...
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Givern-Héroux, Audrey. "Enjeux identitaires dans deux romans de la route québécois : Chercher le vent et La foi du braconnier." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18348.
Full textAbstract:
Le rapport entre identité québécoise et identité américaine est souvent exploré dans la littérature québécoise. Le genre du roman de la route paraît particulièrement propice à ces questionnements identitaires, puisque le voyage provoque inévitablement une rencontre avec une forme d’altérité, laquelle pousse le voyageur à questionner à la fois son identité, l’identité liée au lieu où il se rend et le rapport entre celles-ci.
Ainsi, le présent mémoire traite des enjeux identitaires dans deux romans de la route québécois du XXIe siècle, soit Chercher le vent de Guillaume Vigneault (2001) et La foi du braconnier de Marc Séguin (2009), par le biais de la sociocritique des textes. Plus spécifiquement, il mobilise le concept d’américanité, qui, en s’intéressant aux éléments constitutifs de l’identité (nord-)américaine, suppose qu’il y aurait des caractéristiques communes à quiconque habite le même territoire ou participe de son histoire.
Au fil de cette étude, l’analyse des référents socioculturels, du rapport aux lieux et de la langue permet de cerner la perception qu’ont les personnages principaux des différentes identités en jeu et des liens entre celles-ci. Elle permet également de saisir les rapports qu’entretiennent les protagonistes avec les identités qui les habitent et celles qui les entourent. Au final, alors que Jack, dans Chercher le vent, paraît décomplexé par rapport à son identité plurielle, Marc S. Morris, dans La foi du braconnier, vit son appartenance identitaire de façon beaucoup plus conflictuelle.The relationship between Quebec and American identities is often explored in Quebec literature. The genre of the road novel seems particularly conducive to these identity questions, since the trip inevitably causes a form of encounter with otherness, which pushes the traveler to question his identity, the identity linked to the place where he goes and the relationship between them. Thus, this master’s thesis deals with identity issues in two Quebec road novels of the twenty-first century, Chercher le vent [Necessary Betrayals] by Guillaume Vigneault (2001) and La foi du braconnier by Marc Séguin (2009), through sociocriticism. More specifically, it mobilizes the concept of Americanity, which, by focusing on the components of (North) American identity, supposes there sould be common characteristics to anyone who lives in the same territory or participates in its history. Throughout this study, the analysis of socio-cultural referents, of the relationship between characters and territory and of the language shows the main characters’ perceptions of the different identities involved and the links between them. It also sheds light on the relationships between the protagonists and the identities that inhabit them and those that surround them. Ultimately, as Jack in Chercher le vent appears uninhibited in regards to his plural identity, Marc S. Morris, in La foi du braconnier, experiences his sense of belonging in a much more confrontational manner.
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Bughin, Hélène. "Les fuckalls, suivi de Projections et imprévus : le voyage impossible dans Document 1 de François Blais." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25399.
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Ce mémoire de recherche-création est d’abord un roman intitulé « Les fuckalls » portant sur les dérives quotidiennes d’un groupe d’amis résidant à Sherbrooke et leur tentative de former une communauté dans une société de performance. Seront considéré dans cette partie la conscience de la fiction, l’ennui, les relations et l’inertie.
La partie analyse est une réflexion autour de l’idée de l’éloge de l’inertie, à travers le déploiement des mécanismes de l’ironie dans Document 1 de François Blais (2012), un récit de voyage subvertit par un duo de personnages ludiques, Tess et Jude. Cet essai investit d’abord la manière dont est inscrite l’inertie, notamment par l’exploration du quotidien et habitudes des personnages, mais aussi l’humour, aspect pouvant afficher le roman comme un hommage à L’hiver de force de Réjean Ducharme (1973). Le ton humoristique serait en lien avec la connivence que la narratrice tente de développer avec le lecteur, au travers d’une narration dite niaiseuse.
Cette connivence est nécessaire à l’inscription de l’ironie dans le roman, qui passe entre autres par le récit et le discours de la narration, se déclinant autant les péripéties contradictoires qu’amène la quête falsifiée des personnages. L’analyse explore la façon dont est renversée cette doxa prônant le départ comme clé du bonheur, par l’exploration du territoire de proximité et la mise en abyme du récit. Au final, l’impossibilité même du départ traduit la fatalité inhérente au contexte dans lequel évolue les personnages, c’est-à-dire le confort et la raillerie. Les œuvres convoquées tissent entre elles des arguments amenant à la réflexion que l’ironie ici est le mécanisme portant l’éloge de l’inertie.This memoir in creation-research is first and foremost a novel named “Les fuckalls”, in which is illustrated the aimless drifting of some teenagers in Sherbrooke, Québec as well as their attempt to form a community in a society that promotes productivity and appearance. Will be considered in this part the awareness of the fiction process, boredom, relationships and apathy. The research part focuses around the idea of the praise of apathy that comes from the mechanisms of irony in Document 1 by François Blais (2012), a road novel subverted by the playful duo formed by Tess and Jude. First, this essay dissects the way the notion of apathy is inserted in the daily lives of the characters, as well as the humor process, which can appear as a homage to the 1973 novel L’hiver de force, by Réjean Ducharme. This particular humoristic tone is linked to the complicity the narrator is trying to develop through a narration said to be mindless. This complicity is necessary to the inscription of irony in the text, which is manifesting itself through the story and the narration, as well as the contradictory twists that is brought by a falsified quest. This research explores the way that this doxa, which advocates that the key to happiness has to be somewhere else, is deflected by the author by the exploration of the adjacent territory and the mise en abyme of the story. In the end, the impossibility of any departure translates the inherent fatality of apathy, the state in which the characters are living their lives. The studied corpus links the irony as the mechanism that supports the praise of apathy.
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Čaplyginová, Olga. "Hranice labyrintu. Poetika prostoru italského postmoderního románu." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353415.
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The Phd thesis titled Boundaries of the labyrinth and subtitled Literary space in the Italian postmodern novels strives for specification and closer definition of the genre of post-modern novel through the analysis of literary space. Formally, the thesis is divided into three parts. The first part aims to provide a theoretical introduction into the problems of three areas related to the given topic, namely the definition of postmodernity and postmodernism, the genre of the novel itself and last but not least the study of space in literature. The content of the second part is the actual literary and scientific analysis of the selected novels (Città invisibili and Se una notte d'inverno un viaggiatore by Italo Calvino, Notturno indiano by Antonio Tabucchi, Comici spaventati guerrieri by Stefano Benni and Oceano mare and City by Alessandro Baricco) which follows three basic and most frequent spacial topoi occurring in these novels, namely the topos of the city, the house-hotel and the road. The third and final section sums up the observed aspects and characteristics and strives to use them as a basis for determining a certain and generalizing spacial and temporal principle which would facilitate at least a partial characterization of the postmodern novel as an independent genre.
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Vondráčková, Kristýna. "Byl jednou jeden cizinec na cestě." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328531.
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v anglickém jazyce: This thesis mainly analyzes the five-part novel Gargantua and Pantagruel written by the French author Francois Rabelais. Emphasis is based particularly on an inclusion of Rabelais's work in historical and literary context of the period of transformation between medieval and Renaissance society. More specifically, it deals with the author's humanist opinion and his critique of contemporary society, which is the main line of the work itself. The aim of our thesis is especially an attempt to outline the various possible meanings of the terms « road or path » and « stranger » in Rabelais's work and explain the role of these thematic concepts in the author's concept of criticism of society.