Academic literature on the topic 'Roald Dahl'

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Journal articles on the topic "Roald Dahl"

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Rees, David. "Dahl's chickens: Roald Dahl." Children's Literature in Education 19, no. 3 (1988): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01127092.

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West, Mark I. "Interview with Roald Dahl." Children's Literature in Education 21, no. 2 (June 1990): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01464461.

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Kilian, Elena. "L' univers de Roald Dahl [Roald Dahl's universe] (review)." Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature 46, no. 4 (2008): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bkb.0.0135.

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Cheetham, Dominic. "Oxford Roald Dahl Dictionary by Susan Rennie." Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America 40, no. 1 (2019): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dic.2019.0007.

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Ranscombe, Peter. "Roald Dahl and the big friendly neuroscientist." Lancet Neurology 14, no. 12 (December 2015): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00180-5.

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Richter, Barbara Basbanes. "Roald Dahl and Danger in Children’s Literature." Sewanee Review 123, no. 2 (2015): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sew.2015.0062.

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Adhithya, R., and N. Latha. "Roald Dahl’s Narration Executive Ability for Fictionalization in His Children’s Novels." Think India 22, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8714.

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This paper tends to make a study on the narrative technique which is an indivisible part of the novel which has been employed by Roald Dahl in his children’s novel. As the value of narrative technique lies in its appropriate usage as per the need, Dahl employed the right technique at the right place which conveyed his wonderful ideas to the readers and make them feel magical. Though there are various narrative devices applied by the novelists to explain, explore and objectify their themes or ideology. Dahl perfectly familiar with these narrative devices is essential for the creation, imagination as well as better understanding of fiction. Roald Dahl, being the world’s number one story teller of 20thcentury children’s literature used the techniques which pulls the reader attention into his novels.
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Robinson, Elizabeth. "Roald Dahl Touches Jessica Mitford On The Arm." Iowa Review 40, no. 2 (October 2010): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.6923.

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Evans, Nick. "Roald Dahl charity funds network of specialist nurses." Nursing Children and Young People 29, no. 6 (July 10, 2017): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ncyp.29.6.8.s8.

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Albuja Aguilar, María Augusta. "Re-Reading Roald Dahl From An Ecological Perspective." Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, no. 84 (2022): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.recaesin.2022.84.12.

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Concerning the study of children’s literature, contemporary ecocritical research proposes to analyze how ecological narratives diverge from the logic of alienation, hierarchy and domination and move towards inspiring community and interdependence. Roald Dahl’s (1916-1990) respect and deep knowledge of nature and animals are rendered in most of his children’s novels, depicting underdogs working together to defeat oppression and abuse of power. Given that these stories have long been part of popular culture, as well as the school curricula, this paper studies them from an ecological perspective arguing that, through similar re-readings, these narratives could inspire environmental consciousness and agency in young readers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Roald Dahl"

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Betke, Anja. "Roald Dahl: schwarzer Humor in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11675655.

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Herndon, Karlie E. "Food and power in Roald Dahl's James and the giant peach and Neil Gaiman's Coraline." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/herndonk/karlieherndon.pdf.

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Huenemann, Jeannine. "Going Solo with Roald Dahl: Life Rewritten Through Memory." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1003.

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Roald Dahl does not easily fit into a category as a writer, contributing fiction and nonfiction to both children and adult audiences. Faced with this ambiguity, the literary community has mostly ignored his contributions since he is mainly viewed as a children‘s author. Late in life, Dahl created two autobiographies, Boy: Tales of Childhood (1984), and Going Solo (1986), as venues for sharing his many embellished, personal stories. This thesis focuses on Going Solo, the second of these two books which explores Dahl‘s three-year departure from England, including his enlistment in the Royal Air Force during World War II. During this same time period, he wrote 126 personal letters and telegrams to his family. He had experienced much change in his life during the nearly fifty-year gap from when the letters were written to when he crafted Going Solo for a more general audience. By comparing this personal correspondence to Going Solo, it is possible to see how memory and self-selection permitted the author to craft a personal narrative interested as much in reconstructing his public persona as recounting true events from his past. This thesis asserts that Dahl does not rely exclusively on his letters when reconstructing the narrative and instead inserts himself into a larger historical narrative. Dahl used Going Solo to point to the locations where his personal narrative collides with history and emotions. This is particularly true in the last half of the book where he comes to rely on historical touchstones. It is full of places and people which evoke memories and strong feelings for him. Dahl also relied on techniques and motifs found in folktales, features that make his work of particular interest to folklorists. The final chapter offers an examination of these techniques used in The BFG, Dahl‘s most autobiographical work of children‘s literature, written only four years prior to Going Solo. By paying closer attention to his methodology, we gain a clearer understanding of how folklore functions in the development of literary personal narrative.
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Szuber, Maria. "Hornswogglers, whangdoodles and other dirty beasts : the comic grotesque in Roald Dahl's writings for children." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30223.

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The purpose of this thesis will be to substantiate the claim that Roald Dahl, the author of humorous writings for children, is simultaneously an avid creator of grotesque fiction. My argument is based on the premise that unless one views Dahl's texts in terms of their grotesque influence, critical evaluation of his work inevitably becomes reduced to a question of taste. A diachronic overview of the term "grotesque" is presented beginning with its delineation of an artistic mode in early Rome to its Rabelaisian extensions during the sixteenth century. The origins of the word are established, and its changing meaning throughout history is examined. A synchronic approach to the study follows, tracing both modern and post-modern theories of the grotesque. Of particular importance to the survey is Bakhtin's Rabelais and His World. By emphasizing the "positive, regenerating, creative" powers of laughter, Rabelais comes closest to defining the comic grotesque as embodied in Dahl's fiction. The final portion of the thesis is devoted to an interpretation of such texts as The Twits, George's Marvelous Medicine, and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Dahl's treatment of character, his development of plot, and his use of language are discussed in relation to previous theories of the grotesque. A psychological defense of the genre is offered as a conclusion to the study. Ultimately, the grotesque will be viewed in its cathartic role: helping children work through feelings of oppression in a world governed by adult authority.
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Van, Renen Charles Gerard. "A critical review of some of Roald Dahl's books for children, with particular reference to a 'subversive' element in his writing, some responses to his work and its place in the education of the child." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003367.

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Karlsson, Lager Emma. "”Just do as you’re told!” : Vuxna röster och gestalter i Roald Dahls berättelser för barn." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-421586.

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Kerford, Justine. "The Representation of Adult Family Members in Selected Children’s Books by Roald Dahl." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021254.

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This thesis focuses on the representation of the five adult family members (mothers, fathers, grandmothers, grandfathers and aunts) that are present in a specialised corpus of Roald Dahl’s children’s literature. Children’s fiction provides insight into how society views childhood as it reflects the dominant ideologies in society (Larkin-Lieffers 2010).The family is “central to most children’s literature” (Alston 2008: 2) which makes the analysis of the family in children’s fiction important. Society favours particular representations of the family, as well as men and women, and these representations are also reflected in the fiction available to readers. I have used Critical Discourse Analysis and Corpus Linguistics in order to establish how adult family members are represented in Dahl’s fiction. The physical description and the verbs of speech that collocate significantly with the different tagged characters are analysed to establish patterns in representation. Verbs of speech give the reader information that allows them to establish the emotion and attitude of the character and this helps the reader make judgements with regards to the positive or negative perception of the character. The repeated use of particular descriptions and verbs of speech primes the reader to associate particular features with certain characters and the evaluation provided by these features bleeds over onto the characters. There is evidence of a continuum of verbs of speech moving from verbs of speech with low pitch and low volume like ‘said’ to ones with a high pitch and high volume like ‘shrieked’. The tagged characters are discussed according to the continuum to establish any patterns the verb of speech use. Women were found to collocate with verbs of speech like ‘shrieked, ‘screamed’ and ‘wailed’ which suggests that women are more hysterically emotional while men collocate with verbs of speech like ‘shouted’ and ‘yelled’ which were less hysterical and suggest aggression. Aunts were the exception to this pattern as they collocated with more masculine verbs of speech, like ‘shouted’. These patterns help establish whether or not the representations follow the dominant ideologies of women being emotional and home bound and men being aggressive and more active in the public sphere.
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Alcantara, Valquiria Pereira. "Roald Dahl: estudo comparativo de \'Chapeuzinho Vermelho e o lobo\' em língua inglesa e as traduções para o português." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8160/tde-14022019-101430/.

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Para a elaboração desta dissertação tomamos como corpus a versão de Roald Dahl do conto Chapeuzinho Vermelho e o lobo e as traduções para a língua portuguesa publicadas no Brasil e em Portugal. Fazemos referência à versão de Os três porquinhos, do mesmo autor, porque a personagem Chapeuzinho Vermelho foi incluída na história; também nos referimos aos contos tradicionais de Perrault e dos Irmãos Grimm sempre que a menção se faz relevante. Este trabalho foi norteado por dois objetivos: o primeiro refere-se à análise dos elementos extra e intratextuais dos textos fonte em língua inglesa e de chegada em língua portuguesa nas edições brasileira e portuguesa; o segundo, diretamente associado ao primeiro, refere-se a como cada um dos textos verbais relaciona-se com as ilustrações de Quentin Blake elaboradas para a edição inglesa, mantidas com pequenas variações nas edições brasileira e portuguesa. Para o desenvolvimento de nossa análise utilizamos as questões propostas por Christiane Nord como fio condutor, expandimos a análise textual valendo-nos da identificação das modalidades da tradução segundo a revisão de Francis Aubert, bem como a conceituação das relações hipertextuais segundo a perspectiva de Gérard Genette, tomadas como instrumento para o estudo comparativo entre o texto em língua inglesa e as traduções para o português. Em seguida, analisamos as relações construídas entre textos verbais em inglês e português e as ilustrações de Quentin Blake conforme, principalmente, o ponto de vista de Sophie Van der Linden. Por fim, observamos aspectos mais abrangentes relacionados à releitura do conto tradicional realizada por Dahl, levando em conta como o texto dahliano relaciona-se com as versões de Perrault e de Grimm e implicações morais dos textos segundo o ponto de vista de André Jolles. A partir das análises, constatamos que a construção do efeito cômico do texto dahliano é pautado por precisa seleção lexical e concisão sintática, bem como pela relação entre textos verbal e visual. Observamos, ainda, que a inversão de papéis entre Chapeuzinho e o lobo, assim como a caracterização da personagem não como criança, mas como jovem adulta, possibilitam não só o final inesperado do conto, como também a relativização de valores. Concluímos que, assim como os contos tradicionais estão inseridos em uma tradição cultural que possibilita a compreensão do mundo, a obra dahliana está inserida em um espectro de releituras dos contos que estimula a criatividade e a leitura crítica do mundo.
The main object of this dissertation is Roald Dahls Little Red Riding Hood and the wolf and the translations into Portuguese published in Brazil and in Portugal. We also refer to The Three Little Pigs, another work by Dahl, because he has included Little Red in the story; besides, we refer to the traditional tales by Perrault and the Brothers Grimm whenever it is relevant. In our work we aim to analyse extra and intratextual elements of the source text in English and both target texts in Portuguese the Brazilian and the Portuguese ones; we also focus on how each text relates to the illustrations by Quentin Blake. We used Christiane Nords questions as a guideline to our analysis; to expand our work, we study the translation modalities according to Francis Auberts view and hipertextual concepts according to Gérard Genettes point of view comparing the text in English and the translations into Portuguese. The next step consists in studying how the illustrations by Quentin Blake relate to Dahls text and the translated texts having in mind, mainly, Sophie Van der Lindens view about the relation of verbal and visual texts. Finally, we also observe broader aspects of Dahls text relating his version of the tale with Perraults and Grimms considering André Jolless studies. Based on the analysis, we realised that the humorous effect present in Dahls text was elaborated with precise use of lexis, concise syntax and the articulation between verbal and visual texts. As a result, we could understand that the role swapping between Little Red and the wolf as well as portraying the character as a young woman rather than a child allowed both the unexpected ending and questioning moral values. A conclusion we reached is that as fairy tales are part of a wider cultural tradition, Dahls text is part of a myriad of re-interpreted tales which stimulate creativity and critical thinking.
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O'Reilly, Elizabeth. "The child and the adult in contemporary children's literature : Roald Dahl, Anne Fine, Diana Wynne Jones, J. K. Rowling." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5647.

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The thesis explores the work of the above four contemporary children's writers, in relation to post-1960s Western society. I concentrate primarily on depictions of children, adults and relationships between the two, and the way in which these depictions engage with changing social attitudes. I also place the novels in their literary-historical context, examining whether or not they continue the literary traditions of their predecessors in children's literature, or whether their central focus is on contemporary social engagement. I also consider whether literary traditions (particularly fairytale discourse) are re-worked and reinvented in accordance with contemporary social issues. In Western society, the post-1960s era has brought widespread social changes, which include the democratisation of childhood - 'children's rights' is now a well-used term, both legally and in everyday life. Despite this, however, today's society seems to be experiencing unprecedented confusion and uncertainty in its attitudes towards children, particularly with regard to child-liberation and various reactions against it. Nonetheless, the post-1960s era has witnessed an intense interest in childhood - the many debates and disagreements are evidence of this. Throughout the thesis, I examine the way in which Dahl, Fine, Jones and Rowling engage with (or react against) these contemporary childhood issues. Chapter one outlines the social context and provides information on the most prominent issues: children's rights; parenting advice and educational issues (both of which focus predominantly on liberalism versus strict control); children as a burden or a pleasure; freedom versus guidance; the death of childhood versus the prolonging of dependency; children as innocent angels or destructive demons. Chapters two to six go on to explore these issues in the literary texts: chapter two concentrates on family relationships; chapter three examines individual adult characters, while chapters four and five focus in detail on the portrayal of child characters, including their relationships with adults and the development of their potential. Chapter six investigates the depiction of magic, and the way in which it can be viewed as a form of psychological power for children (and so can feature in realist as well as fantasy texts). The thesis as a whole, therefore, examines the novels' relationship with both literary and social discourse, predominantly with regard to the adult-child relationship.
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Davis, Richard B. "Exploring the Factory: Analyzing the Film Adaptations of Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/72.

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Film adaptations are becoming more popular and past critics and scholars have discussed films based on dramas and novels. However, few have explored the children’s literature genre. In discussing such a topic, it takes more than just debating whether the novel or book is better. A discussion on what elements have been maintained, removed, or added in such an adaptation has to be made along with its success or failure. With this in mind, Roald Dahl’s 1964 novel, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, and its two film adaptations will be explored along with an analysis of film adaptation theory to show that the first version of the novel succeeds and the second one fails.
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Books on the topic "Roald Dahl"

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Alston, Ann, and Catherine Butler, eds. Roald Dahl. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28504-1.

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West, Mark I. Roald Dahl. New York: Twayne, 1992.

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Powling, Chris. Roald Dahl. Minneapolis: Carolrhoda Books, 1998.

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Stephen, Gulbis, ed. Roald Dahl. Harmondsworth: Puffin, 1985.

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Woog, Adam. Roald Dahl. Detroit: KidHaven Press, 2005.

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Bingham, Jane. Roald Dahl. Chicago: Raintree, 2010.

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Nakajima, Caroline. Roald Dahl. Huntington Beach, Calif: Teacher Created Materials, 1994.

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Powling, Chris. Roald Dahl. London: Puffin, 1994.

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Roald Dahl. Mankato, MN: Weigl, 2003.

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Shields, Charles J. Roald Dahl. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Roald Dahl"

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Humphrey, Richard. "Dahl, Roald." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_8320-1.

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Butler, Catherine. "Introduction." In Roald Dahl, 1–13. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28504-1_1.

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Scott, Carole. "Roald Dahl and Quentin Blake." In Roald Dahl, 160–75. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28504-1_10.

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Hunt, Peter. "Roald Dahl and the Commodification of Fantasy." In Roald Dahl, 176–89. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28504-1_11.

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Thacker, Deborah Cogan. "Fairy Tale and Anti-Fairy Tale: Roald Dahl and the Telling Power of Stories." In Roald Dahl, 14–30. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28504-1_2.

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Stallcup, Jackie E. "Discomfort and Delight: The Role of Humour in Roald Dahl’s Works for Children." In Roald Dahl, 31–50. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28504-1_3.

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Rudd, David. "‘Don’t gobbelfunk around with words’: Roald Dahl and Language." In Roald Dahl, 51–69. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28504-1_4.

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Pinsent, Pat. "‘The problem of school’: Roald Dahl and Education." In Roald Dahl, 70–85. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28504-1_5.

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Alston, Ann. "The Unlikely Family Romance in Roald Dahl’s Children’s Fiction." In Roald Dahl, 86–101. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28504-1_6.

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Pennell, Beverley. "‘When one is with her it is impossible to be bored’: An Examination of Roald Dahl’s Contribution to a Feminist Project in Children’s Literature." In Roald Dahl, 102–22. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28504-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Roald Dahl"

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Kalaitzi, Christina. "PECULIAR NUTRITIONAL HABITS IN ROALD DAHL WORKS: A STORYTELLING INTERVENTION ON PROMOTING PRESCHOOLERS’ DIETARY SELF-REGULATION." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end113.

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"One of the recurring motifs in Roald Dahl works whether leading to the plot’s unfolding or not, is the peculiar nutritional habits and, by extension, everything connected with it, such as socio-emotional behaviors and concepts of the dietary rules’ infringement. Looking at The Twits’ distorted dietary hygiene, George’s Marvellous Medicine’s disorientated nutritional advices and The BFG’s disgusting essential goods, it can be observed that the food as an act and its processes, are cultural notions identifying current concepts of not only the excesses and the adult’s control upon children, but also the pedagogically proper nutrition. A reading of the interpretations carried by food’s humorous representations in Dahl’s aforementioned classics is ventured. The ways of how children’s literature depicts the characters’ nutritional attitudes and their possible implications on their behavior are analyzed. While proceeding, the design of a storytelling intervention on promoting dietary self-regulation is proposed for kindergarten. A series of narrative and creative writing activities of subverting and parodying Dahl’s works, which aim to familiarize preschoolers with notions such as nutritional balance, food hygiene and eating habits, is presented. Dahl’s humorous and extreme carnivalesque depiction of nourishment, followed by an exaggerated deviation of normal eating habits, is what could provoke and motivate preschoolers to shape a healthy nutritional attitude and a dietary self-regulation. The contribution of this particular study is to highlight children’s literature significant role as a means of influencing children’s thinking on fundamental issues related with their health, and to demonstrate storytelling’s dynamics as a teaching tool for shaping their attitudes towards life matters."
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Jewitt, A., E. Rosser, E. Clement, J. Hurst, S. Taffinder, and S. Dziwinski. "34 The role of the roald dahl swan (syndromes without a name) clinical nurse specialist; the first 12 months experience." In Great Ormond Street Hospital Conference. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-084620.48.

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Liu, Jingsheng. "One belt, one road transportation network optimization model considering logistics performance." In 2020 16th Dahe Fortune China Forum and Chinese High-educational Management Annual Academic Conference (DFHMC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dfhmc52214.2020.00054.

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Ouyang, Yifei, and Yue Sun. "Research on Evaluation of Travel Behavior Willingness of Ancient Post Road in Southern Guangdong Under Influence of Mobile Internet Short Video App Based on the DAHP Method." In 2023 IEEE 6th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation (ECEI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecei57668.2023.10105424.

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Ortolani, Chiara. "Morfologia urbana, trasporti, energia: indicatori di impatto." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7910.

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La mobilità svolge un ruolo vitale per il mercato interno, per l’occupazione e, più in generale per la qualità della vita dei cittadini. Rivolgendo l'attenzione al contesto mondiale, europeo e nazionale si vede come sia divenuta una necessità sempre crescente: la mobilità media per persona in Europa, misurata in passeggeri-chilometro per abitante, è aumentata del 7% tra il 2000 e il 2008 e si prevede che nel 2050 i passeggeri-km nell’Europa OECD saranno il doppio rispetto al 2000. Per ciò che riguarda il trasporto merci la domanda ha continuato a crescere oltre il PIL negli ultimi dieci anni (EC, 2011). L’attuale modello di trasporto è basato però sull'uso dei combustibili fossili e sul predominio del trasporto su strada, sia per le merci che per i passeggeri (EC, 2011) e inoltre una larga parte della mobilità oggi esistente potrebbe essere evitata (McLellan & Marshall, 1998). Di conseguenza, tale modello è responsabile del 23% dell’energia consumata in Europa. Circa i tre quarti dipendono dal trasporto su strada (IPCC, 2007) e il consumo energetico, in questo settore, si stima che aumenterà circa dell’80% entro il 2030. In conseguenza del fatto che l’energia consumata in questo settore proviene per il 96% dal petrolio e dai suoi derivati (IPCC, 2007; EC, 2011) questo stesso è responsabile di elevate emissioni di CO2 e altre sostanze clima-alteranti, dell'aumento della temperatura e di rilevanti problemi di salute nelle popolazioni esposte (U.S. EPA, 2010). La forte dipendenza dal petrolio potrebbe inoltre portare a conseguenze severe sulle possibilità di approvvigionamento di merci e spostamento dei cittadini, sulla sicurezza economica e la competitività globale ed europea nei decenni futuri (EC, 2011; U.S. Joint Forces Command, 2010). La maggior parte degli spostamenti sono interni alle aree urbane e, per il settore dei trasporti, queste sono le aree che influiscono di più sui cambiamenti climatici e sui consumi energetici globali. La città può essere assimilata ad un organismo (Samaniego & Moses, 2008) e gli spostamenti che si compiono in essa, affinché siano efficaci, devono avvenire attraverso una rete che rappresenti una configurazione ordinata di relazioni -o connettività- (Capra, 1996) che implica una certa forma, una struttura definita (con il rispettivo schema) e uno o più processi specifici (Samaniego & Moses, 2008). Le caratteristiche che osserviamo oggi negli organismi sono il risultato di milioni di anni di evoluzione verso l’ottimizzazione delle strutture: minimizzazione dell’energia spesa per la distribuzione delle risorse e massimizzazione del rendimento. Tendono quindi a minimizzare il loro grado di entropia. Per arrivare ad una configurazione del tessuto connettivo urbano che possa minimizzare il suo grado di entropia è necessario innanzi tutto individuare un insieme di indicatori sulla base dei quali sia possibile caratterizzare lo spazio stesso e che rendano possibili analisi dinamiche della morfologia urbana. In quest’ottica, questo contributo si pone quindi come obiettivo quello di individuare un primo set di indicatori significativi derivati dal confronto tra le caratteristiche delle reti vascolari di un organismo e il tessuto connettivo urbano. The mobility plays a very important role for the internal market, employment and, more generally, the citizens’s life quality that takes great advantages from an effective and sustainable transport system. In the last twenty years, mobility has become an ever increasing necessity: the average mobility per capita in Europe, measured in passenger-kilometres per capita, is increased by 7% between 2000 and 2008 and it is expected that in 2050 the passenger-km OECD Europe will double compared to 2000. Furthermore demand for resources and food is continued to grow well beyond the GDP over the past decade (EC, 2011), enhancing thus the freight. The current transport model that responds to this mobility demand, which also includes a large part of trips that could be avoided (McLellan & Marshall, 1998), is based on the dominance of road transport and use of fossil fuels (EC, 2011), both for freight and transport of passengers. As a conseguence this transport model is accountable for 23% of energy consumed in Europe, and about three quarters of which depends on road transport (IPCC, 2007) It is estimated that energy consumption in this sector will increase by around 80% for 2030. In this sector, the energy consumed originates of 96% from oil and its products (IPCC, 2007; EC, 2011; Lerch, 2011). Therefore, the transport sector is responsible for high emissions of CO2 and other climate-altering gases, for the temperature increase and for significant health problems in population directly exposed to oil-derived pollutants(U.S. EPA, 2010). The strong dependence on oil may also have important consequences on the resource supply and mobility of citizens for the next decades (EC, 2011; U.S. Joint Forces Command, 2010). The majority of trips are internal to the urban areas that are affected by this congestion, local air pollution, road accidents and social harms. Finally, urban trips have a major influence on climate change and energy consumption at the global level. Samaniego & Moses (2008) show the similarities existing between cities and organisms. Urban trips are effective if are done through a network representing an ordered configuration of relationships -connectivity-(Capra, 1996) which implies a particular shape, definite structure and one or more specific processes. The characteristics that are observed in organisms today are the result of millions of years of evolution that led to optimized structures that tend to minimize the energy cost for resource allocation thus maximizing their productivity. Therefore, the organisms tend to minimize their degree of entropy. To arrive at a configuration of urban connective tissue that can minimize its level of entropy is first necessary to identify a set of indicators on the basis of which it is possible to characterize the space and make possible dynamic analysis of urban morphology. In this context, the aim of this contribution is to identify a first set of meaningful indicators derived from a comparison of the characteristics of the vascular networks of an organism with the urban connective tissue.
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6

Salamone, Giancarlo. "Towards the contemporary city. Reading method of post-unification restructuring of Trastevere in Rome." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6046.

Full text
Abstract:
Towards the contemporary city. Reading method of post-unification restructuring of Trastevere in Rome Giancarlo Salamone Dipartimento di Architettura e Progetto. Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”. Roma. via Flaminia, 359. 00196 Roma. Dottorato di Ricerca in Architettura e Costruzione. Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”. Roma. via Antonio Gramsci, 53. 00197 Roma. E-mail: giancarlo.salamone@uniroma1.it Keywords (3-5): Restructuring, Rome, Trastevere, process, reading method, tools, analysis in urban morphology Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology Trastevere, the only area of the historic center of Rome (together with the Vatican / Borgo complex) located on the right side of the Tiber river, shows a morphological structure that depends on the pre-existing substrate, both road that typological, which was modified during the post-unity period by the establishment of the Tiber fronts and, above all, by the opening of Viale Trastevere. In the way of thinking about urban morphology as a scalar product of the factors that influence each other, in particular building typology, local structure, overall structure and territory, and that contribute together to generate an organism, it is therefore possible to read this part of the historical center as the last product, but not definitive, of a "process". The reading method on the consolidated structure, later renovated in a post-unification era, is based on the analysis of the most abundant building typology and on the permanence and derivations of local typological processes that led to the formulation of the “line house” in nineteenth-century line, the predominant building type of roman expansion in nineteenth-twentieth century. The reading of the restructuring, understood as synchronic action on the historical center, has been implemented instead by the analysis of synchronic variations at “line house” through the research of all projects registered for the edification of each block. Thus we can see how the blocks resulting from the transformation, in the logic of a restructuring "contromaglia" like the one for the opening of Viale Trastevere, will be the result of the disconnection of the existing blocks in which the building type adopted has had to adapt to a lower return situations: a reading of a synchronic action on a diachronic process that gives us the modern morphological apparatus. References Muratori, S., Bollati, R., Bollati, S. and Marinucci, G. (1963) Studi per una operante storia urbana di Roma (Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche, Roma). Maffei, G. L. and Caniggia, G. (1979) Lettura dell’edilizia di base (Marsilio, Venezia). Maffei, G. L. and Caniggia, G. (1984) Progetto nell’edilizia di base (Marsilio, Venezia). Vaccaro, P. and Ameri, M. (1984) Progetto e realtà nell’edilizia romana dal XVI al XIX secolo (Edizioni Calosci, Cortona). Corsini, M. G. (2001) Il tessuto e l’edilizia progettati in Italia dal 1870 al 1930. Permanenza e derivazioni dei processi tipologici locali (Edizioni Kappa, Roma). Archivio Storico Capitolino, archival sources on restructuring area of Trastevere and permanence and derivations of local typological processes.
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