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Journal articles on the topic 'Robbery'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Nikolaev, Alexander. "Greek ἅρπαξ ‘robber; robbery’." Indogermanische Forschungen 125, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2020-003.

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AbstractThis paper presents evidence for a PIE root *u̯erp‑ ‘to attack, to force oneself onto someone’ and argues that Greek ἅρπαξ (< *u̯ǝrʰpag-) goes back to a verbal governing compound *u̯r̥p-h₂g̑- ‘driving something (e.g. cattle) away by force’.

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2

Egharevba, Edebiri Stanley, Sunny Osayande, and Osahon Odemwingie. "Political Robbery and Armed Robbery in Nigeria: A Comparative Approach." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 7 (August 2, 2022): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.97.12642.

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The incidences of armed robbery in Nigeria have attained gross sinister dimension following the introduction of more sophisticated weapons. Armed robbery is a serious criminal offence which deserves grave sanctions, and so is political robbery. In fact, political robbery deserves more sanction because it is far worse than armed robbery and could be proven to be precursor to armed robbery and other social vices. Handlers of the Political sphere are laden with the responsibility of proper management of the nation’s common patrimony. However, this particular function as observed in some cases, has been grossly bastardized as it has become a medium of parochial but stupendous financial aggrandizement for self and family enhancement to the detriment of the general populace. This paper brings to the fore how political robbery (corruption) engenders social vices like armed robbery, kidnapping, etc. as its cases crawls without a conclusive end. The paper quizzes the similarities and differences between political robbery and armed robbery – which are basically two sides of a coin, but are accorded disproportionate sanctions. While political robbers usually get a slap-on-the-wrist sentence or a back pocket fine, armed robbers are daily railroaded to prisons.

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3

Bellot, Sylvie. "Les auteurs de vols à main armée à Montréal : une typologie empirique." Criminologie 18, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017215ar.

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This article presents a typology of armed robbers in Montreal, the result of a study of 39 authors of armed robbery. After a brief outline of the theoretical and methodological model used in this study, each type of armed robber is presented as follows : 1) the multireci-divist who is characterized by a large number of armed robberies, 2) the professional whose criminal activity is planned and organized, 3) the intensive robber who commits armed robberies for a very short period of time and 4) the occasional robber who commits very few armed robberies but many other crimes.

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4

Brantingham, Paul J. "Armed Robbery: Cops, Robbers, and Victims." Canadian Journal of Criminology 30, no. 3 (July 1988): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.30.3.292.

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5

Sherman, Lawrence W., Thomas Gabor, Micheline Baril, Maurice Cusson, Daniel Elie, Marc LeBlanc, and Andre Normandeau. "Armed Robbery: Cops, Robbers, and Victims." Contemporary Sociology 18, no. 1 (January 1989): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071975.

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6

Antoine, Jean-Christophe. "The Sociology of the Tomb and Temple Robbers of the Late 20^th Dynasty: Part I, Who Were the Robbers, What Did They Rob and Why?" Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 109, no. 1-2 (June 2023): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03075133231214558.

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Tomb and temple robberies were an endemic concern throughout ancient Egyptian history. With the exception of the thefts recorded in the so-called Great Tomb Robbery Papyri of the 20th Dynasty, we have almost no direct information on those who committed them. These texts provide important details on the sociology of robbers that, thus far, has not been fully explored. For this article, a database containing the almost 400 individuals involved in temple and tomb robberies was created. This article is the first half of this study and addresses the questions of who the robbers were, what they robbed, and why. [Formula: see text]

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7

Ibanga Bassey, Ibok, Nyong Eteyen Edet, and Okoro Udeme Sunday. "IMPACT OF SEA ROBBERY ON ARTISANAL FISH PRODUCTION IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA." AKSU Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2024): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.61090/aksujaeerd.2024.004.

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The study assessed the Impact of Sea Robbery on Artisanal Fish Production in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Specifically, this study compared the income of the fisher-folks affected by sea robbery and those not affected; estimated and compared costs and returns in artisanal fish production by both groups of fisherfolks; determine and compare the effect of socio-economic characteristics on the level of fish output of fisher folks affected by sea robbery and those not affected. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used among others to select the sample size of 202 respondents (fisher-folks) for the study area. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and interpersonal interviews. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regressions, were employed to test the hypotheses also budgetary technique was used to estimate the costs and returns in artisanal fish production. Distribution of respondents by income showed the mean income of ₦351,990.10 for fisher-folks affected by sea robbers, while fisher-folks not affected by sea robbers had the mean income of ₦764,534.65. Costs and returns analysis revealed returns on investment (ROI) of ₦0.55 for fisher folks attacked by sea robbers, while returns on investment (ROI) revealed ₦0.79 for fisher folks not attacked by sea robbers. The multiple regression results for both fisher folks attacked and those not attacked by the sea robbers on the output (k.g) and socio-economic characteristics showed a positive relationship for both groups. The study recommended increase surveillance and patrol along waterways in the study area especially rural fishing settlements. This will assist to abate the surge of sea robbery which has high level of negative interference with fishing activities in the study area.

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8

Block, Richard, and Wesley G. Skogan. "Resistance and Nonfatal Outcomes in Stranger-to-Stranger Predatory Crime." Violence and Victims 1, no. 4 (January 1986): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.1.4.241.

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This article examines the consequences of encounters between strangers that might have resulted in robbery or rape and explores how the eventual outcomes of those incidents were related to the resistance offered by their potential victims. It is based on data from the National Crime Survey. Although the conclusions necessarily are tentative, it appears that forceful resistance was related to less frequent success by robbers, but robbery victims resisting forcefully had a greater risk of being physically attacked. Forceful resistance in potential rape incidents was related to higher risk of attack and bodily injury with no apparent reduction in risk of rape. On the other hand, victims who were able to offer nonforceful resistance reported a reduced risk of being robbed and suffered less frequent attack and injury. In rape incidents, nonforceful resistance was linked to lower risk of actual rape but was unrelated to risk of attack or other forms of injury.

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9

Terblanche, SS. "Comparing sentencing for robbery with Strafzumessung für Raub." South African Journal of Criminal Justice 35, no. 2 (2022): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/sacj/v35/i2a2.

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It is a safe assumption that robbery exists, as a crime, in virtually every legal system. Very broadly spoken, it is a crime that consists of the forceful taking of another person’s property. Robbery is often regarded as one of the more serious crimes that can be committed. Such seriousness is then reflected in the severity of the sentence imposed on the robber. However, not all robberies are equally serious. What factors determine whether one robbery is more or less serious than another? From a South African perspective, the answer to this question is far from certain. This uncertainty exists even though robbery is prevalent – in other words, there is much potential in South African criminal justice to provide a more certain answer. This contribution explains how South African courts approach sentencing for robbery. It starts by briefly discussing the definition of robbery and then moves to principles governing sentencing in South Africa in general, and the sentencing of robbery in particular.1 I then briefly discuss the same subject matter in German law. Finally, the contribution analyses the most pressing issues afflicting sentencing in South Africa and, in this process, contrasts the legal principles that are in place in Germany.

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10

No authorship indicated. "Review of Armed Robbery: Cops, Robbers, and Victims." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 34, no. 3 (March 1989): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/027861.

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11

Bowker, Lee H. "Book Review: Armed Robbery: Cops, Robbers, and Victims." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 16, no. 2 (June 1988): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318538801600208.

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12

Piotrowski, Przemysław. "Street robbery offenders: Shades of rationality and reversal theory perspective." Rationality and Society 23, no. 4 (November 2011): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463111414125.

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The article intends to draw attention to the selected aspects of motivation and the process of decision making in street robbery offenders. The author distinguishes three types of street robbers: ‘the rational’, the ‘bounded rationality’, and ‘the irrational’ ones. After a short characterisation of the street robbery as a specific type of crime, the article presents the definition of rationality within social sciences, followed by a reflection on the theory of rational choice, along with its applications and limitations. In the next part the reflections revolve around the theory of M.J. Apter, which – in the author’s view – creates encouraging perspective for the analysis of street robbers’ decision making process.

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13

Коршунков, В. А. "On the Roads and Rivers: Robbers and Memory of Them in the Vyatka Region." Вестник гуманитарного образования, no. 1(21) (May 21, 2021): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25730/vsu.2070.21.004.

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В статье исследуются и определяются особенности малоизученного явления – традиционного русского разбоя, который был неотъемлемой частью повседневной жизни Вятского края, как и России в целом. В центре внимания – период XVIII в. и первой половины XIX в. Статья основана на исторических и фольклорных источниках, в том числе из Центрального государственного архива Кировской области. Частым нападениям на прохожих и проезжих в Вятском крае способствовали протяженность путей, обилие лесов, немногочисленность городов, гарнизонов и стражи. Разбойников было особенно много на северо‑западе и на юге губернии. Они действовали на больших дорогах и плавали по рекам. Через Вятский край из Сибири на родину, в европейскую часть России, возвращались беглые каторжники. Среди крестьян у разбойников имелись приспешники и укрыватели, что затрудняло борьбу с ними. Властям приходилось направлять отряды солдат для выслеживания и поимки шаек. Память о разбоях и разбойниках, о зарытых кладах еще долго сохранялась в народе, превращаясь в фольклорные тексты, во многом сходные с сюжетами о колдунах и «нечистой силе». Масштабы разбойничества должны учитываться при оценке состояния Российского государства и общества. Постоянные нападения затрудняли внутреннюю коммуникацию, изолировали и разобщали местные сообщества, отвлекали на противодействие им значительные материальные и людские ресурсы. Из набегов крупных разбойничьих шаек могли разрастаться так называемые народные восстания. Сохранявшееся до очень позднего времени разбойничество – это проявление архаики и варварства, которые присущи России. Разбойная традиция повлияла на становление и расцвет уже в XX в. российской уголовной субкультуры. This paper deals with the forms of traditional Russian robbery in the Vyatka region and in Russia as a whole. Main features of this little-studied phenomenon are explored on the basis of historical sources and folklore records, including data from the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region. Robbery was an integral part of everyday life in the 18th and in the first part of the 19th century. Permanent attacks on passers-by in the Vyatka territory were facilitated by length of roads, abundance of forests, and fewness of towns, garrisons, and guards. There were too many robbers in the northwest and the south of the province. They acted on the roads and rivers. Escaped convicts were returning from Siberia to their homeland – the European part of Russia – through the Vyatka territory. Robbers had helpers and henchmen among the peasants, and this made it difficult to fight them. The authorities had to send detachments of soldiers to track down and capture the gangs. The memory of robberies and robbers, as well as of buried treasures remained among the people for a long time and was turning into folklore texts similar to legends about sorcerers and "evil spirits". The scale of the robbery should be taken into account when viewing the Russian state and society. Constant attacks were hampering internal traffic, isolating and dividing local communities, diverting significant material and human resources to counter the robberies. So called people revolts could grow from the raids of large robber bands. The robbery that persisted until so late period is a manifestation of archaism and barbarism that are inherent in Russia. The robber tradition had a considerable influence on the formation and flourishing of the Russian criminal subculture already in the 20th century.

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14

Jovanovic, Sladjana, and Branislava Knezic. "Robbery." Temida 6, no. 3 (2003): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0303013j.

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The authors analyzed available statistics on robbery and its legal definition in Serbian Criminal Law as well as in some foreign criminal codes. The focus is on serious/qualified cases of this crime known in comparative law and the absence of "armed robbery" in our Criminal Law. Regarding increase and dangerousness of this sort of crime (with use of weapon) modification of existing legal definition (by introducing armed robbery) is considered and recommended.

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15

Lisnychenko, Liliia. "Criminal characteristics of robbery and robbery attacks." Entrepreneurship, Economy and Law 6 (2019): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32849/2663-5313/2019.6.46.

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16

Einhorn, Aliza. "The Robbery." Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies 1996, no. 15 (1996): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/2168-569x.1380.

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17

Bottomley, A. Keith, and Michael Banton. "Investigating Robbery." British Journal of Sociology 38, no. 4 (December 1987): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/590926.

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18

Ruddell, Rick, and Scott Decker. "Train Robbery." Criminal Justice Review 42, no. 4 (May 9, 2017): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016817702192.

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There has been recent interest in applying contemporary criminological theories to better understand historical criminal behavior and events. Retrospective studies—much like case studies—can be a useful methodology to help us understand the justice system responses to crime and in particular what strategies “worked” or were ineffective. This study examined 241 train robberies that occurred between 1866 and 1930 and found that routine activities theory can explain the origins, growth, and eradication of this violent and often costly crime. Reducing offender motivation and target attractiveness as well as increasing capable guardianship of shipments of attractive goods explains the eradication of this form of crime. Implications for a criminology of public transportation are discussed.

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19

Cook, Philip J. "Robbery Violence." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 78, no. 2 (1987): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143453.

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20

Spears, B. "Armed Robbery." Literary Imagination 12, no. 2 (May 5, 2010): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litimag/imq005.

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21

Wells, William. "Daylight robbery." Genome Biology 1 (2000): spotlight—20000706–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-spotlight-20000706-02.

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22

Tanislav, E. "Simulated robbery." Science & Justice 41, no. 3 (July 2001): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(01)71897-7.

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23

FELSON, RICHARD B., ERIC P. BAUMER, and STEVEN F. MESSNER. "Acquaintance Robbery." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 37, no. 3 (August 2000): 284–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427800037003002.

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24

Holten, Noelle. "Armed Robbery." Probation Journal 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550503504012.

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25

Donaldson, Roger. "Armed Robbery." Crime Prevention and Community Safety 5, no. 2 (April 2003): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cpcs.8140149.

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26

Williams, P. "Daylight robbery." British Dental Journal 210, no. 11 (June 2011): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.439.

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27

White, Stephen. "Robbery trauma." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 6, no. 1 (March 1990): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02806576.

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28

Chuiko, Vadym, and Valerii Atamanchuk-Angel. "ROBBERY*ALGEBRA." Politology bulletin, no. 90 (2023): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2023.90.47-58.

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If an axiomatic is false or even deliberately false, it becomes pointless to try to build consistent communication on it. The purpose of the work is to identify and substantiate the presence of a systemic error, which consists in the legitimization of the operations of «kratia», robberies and their cover-up for the operation of «socially fair» redistribution. The work uses an interdisciplinary approach, in particular, the methods of political science, philosophy of science, and mathematics. In particular, the axiomatic approach, the method of proof by contradiction, the method of defining paradoxes, and the method of sediment reactivation are used. The scientific novelty consists in the formalization of political considerations regarding the class of equivalence for the ‘robbery operation’ (an open forced way of extracting goods — piracy, looting, feudalism, imperialism, racketeering, taxation,...). Results and conclusion. The use of a robbery operation is the destruction of the conditions for the existence of a society of sustainable development, an offense, behavior against the law, an act, a crime, that is, the commission of an action that harms a person as a sovereign, organization, stratum, society, region, country,... And it can’t be cultivated in a society of sustainable development.

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29

Thobane, Mahlogonolo. "A deductive reflection on the modus operandi used to commit bank-associated robbery in South Africa." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 12, no. 5 (July 28, 2023): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i5.2648.

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In comparison to more common crimes like robbery of cash-in-transit, the idea of bank-related robbery—also known as "associated robbery"—has received very little attention. Even though the crime of bank-associated robbery has seen a large rise in instances and related losses, there is still little to no scientific research on the topic. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate and characterize the modus operandi (MO) employed in bank-related robberies, a crime phenomenon that appears to be specific to South Africa. Eleven participants who are subject matter experts (SMEs) on the topic participated in in-depth qualitative interviews to learn more about the phenomena. According to the report, bank-related robberies fall into two primary categories: robberies that occur before cash deposits and those that occur after cash withdrawals. The police do not categorize bank-related robberies in the same way that the banking industry does, which is the biggest obstacle to preventative efforts. In order to address the aforementioned issue, this study adds to the body of knowledge on the subject in order to inform prevention initiatives. The results also show that carrying a lot of cash increases the risk of becoming a victim of crime for bank customers. Therefore, it is advised that bank customers carry the least amount of cash possible on them to make themselves less appealing to robbers.

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30

Gurka, Kelly K., Stephen W. Marshall, Carol W. Runyan, Dana P. Loomis, Carri Casteel, and David B. Richardson. "Contrasting Robbery- and Non–Robbery-Related Workplace Homicide." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 37, no. 1 (July 2009): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.03.013.

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31

Boron, Oleksandr. "THE MOTIF OF “NOBLE ROBBERY” IN SHEVCHENKO’S STORY “THE CONVICT” IN COMPARISON WITH THE NOVELLA “MICHAEL KOHLHAAS” BY HEINRICH VON KLEIST AND THE NOVEL “JEAN SBOGAR” BY CHARLES NODIER." Слово і Час, no. 2 (April 10, 2022): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2022.02.3-14.

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The paper develops comparative studies of Shevchenko’s story “The Convict” (“Varnak”) in a typological series with Western European works about the ‘noble robber’, namely in comparison with the novella “Michael Kohlhaas” by Heinrich von Kleist and the novel “Jean Sbogar” by Charles Nodier. Tere is no mention of these writers in Shevchenko‘s heritage; neither of the works had been translated into Russian during his lifetime, although he could get limited information about the authors from literary periodicals of the time. Accordingly, a comparative-typological approach is used in the analysis of texts. Several coincidences and parallels have been traced, mainly due to the elaboration of traditional robbery themes in the works. At the same time, the comparison of the story with other works made it possible to illustrate the degree of originality in Shevchenko‘s interpretation of the image of the ‘noble robber’ in the middle of the 19th century. The story “The Convict” is permeated by Christian ideas of forgiveness and redemption, uncharacteristic for Kleist and Nodier. In addition, Kyrylo does not fit entirely into the established scheme of the ‘noble robber’, although the work follows the main structural elements of such a story. In this work, Shevchenko distanced himself from the common robber novels, well known to him and his readers. Feeling, probably, certain obsolescence of the robbery literary tradition, he used it as a material for elaborating the character of the serf intellectual, and combined it, in turn, with his crosscutting theme of seducing a slave girl. The narrator exposed the literary motive of the ‘noble robbery’ subordinating it to the leading theme of the repentant sinner. Against the back-ground of Kleist’s and Nodier’s works, Shevchenko’s slightly belated story is characterized by its natural rootedness in the social circumstances of the contemporary Russian Empire and the life of the Ukrainian countryside, the unpretentious style of the depicted episodes, and a radically different outcome of the conflict.

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32

Baril, Micheline, and Anne Morrissette. "Du côté des victimes, une autre perspective sur le vol à main armée." Criminologie 18, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017219ar.

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Armed robbery has long been regarded as a crime against property. But from the victim's point of view, it is a violent crime which endangers their lives and constitutes a traumatic experience. Nine years of research are briefly summarized with special attention to a recent survey of victims of commercial robbery in Montreal in which 440 persons were interviewed. It is difficult to describe a victim unless researchers agree on some basic definition of who should be defined as a victim. This is the first subject of discussion. After a short description of the way victimizations occur, the consequences of the robbery are discussed, and the responses of the mental health and justice systems are presented. Most victims do not resist and those who do so seem to be reacting to past victimizations or to an excess of violence on the part of the robber. Nearly 90 % of victims suffer some kind of emotional trauma and far from being helped in this regard, this trauma is often aggravated by the criminal justice system's response. It seems to affect the victim much more than the financial, physical and social consequences of the crime, which had little effect on their attitudes and needs. The main problem with armed robbery is that it creates and perpetuates a climate of suspicion, fear and anger very damaging to social relationships. These negative effects can be reduced, however, and the study points out some of the means by which this can be accomplished.

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33

Levinson, Nan, and Donna Demac. "Information Highway Robbery?" Women's Review of Books 13, no. 5 (February 1996): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4022294.

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34

Normandeau, André. "Violence and Robbery." Acta Criminologica 5, no. 1 (January 19, 2006): 11–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017021ar.

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Résumé VIOLENCE ET VOL QUALIFIE : ETUDE DE CAS Cette etude est une recherche empirique de nature sociologique sur un type de criminalite : le vol qualifie ou vol avec violence. Le vol qualifie est un delit ou l'usage de la violence physique ou une intimidation a cet effet est deploye par le criminel afin de prendre illegalement l'argent ou un objet qui appartient a la victime. Plus de 350 000 vols qualifies ont lieu chaque annee en Amerique du Nord. Toutefois, jusqu'a tout dernierement aucune recherche phenomenologique n'avait ete entreprise sur le vol qualifie. La recherche qui est presentee dans cette monographie essaie donc de decrire les elements criminologiques qui sont associes au vol qualifie. La situation du vol qualifie dans une grande ville nord-americaine, c'est-a-dire la ville de Philadelphie, U.S.A., est presentee. Il s'agit de l'analyse de 1 722 evenements de vols qualifies (un echantillon de 10 pour cent) survenus a Philadelphie de 1960 a 1966. Cette recherche a essaye de saisir les tendances et les modeles (patterns) du vol qualifie dans le temps et dans l'espace. Le modele statistique utilise etait celui de l'indice de gravite de Sellin et Wolfgang (1964). Le modele theorique utilise etait celui de Wolfgang et Ferracuti (1967). Voici quelques conclusions pertinentes : a) L'indice de gravite de Sellin et Wolfgang donne une vision plus juste des tendances et des profils du vol qualifie par rapport aux statistiques policieres ordinaires, b) Cet indice de gravite a revele, par exemple, que les vols qualifies commis par des jeunes sont aussi graves que ceux perpetres par les adultes, c) Le vol qualifie execute au sein de bandes organisees augmente chaque annee. d) Plus de la moitie des vols qualifies ne comportent aucune violence physique effective, e) Plus de 85 pour cent des vols qualifies sont commis a l'egard de victimes completement inconnues des agresseurs, f) Les chances pour un voleur de ne pas etre pris par la police sont tres bonnes, g) Le vol qualifie est surtout commis par les jeunes qui sont issus de milieux defavorises. .h) Le vol qualifie est surtout lie aux commerces et aux maisons d'affaires plutot qu'a des particuliers, i) La distance qui separe les lieux de residence de l'agresseur, de la victime, et l'endroit ou se produit le vol est semblable aux distances constatees dans l'etude des migrations, des diffusions de messages et des choix maritaux. ;') L'alcool est rarement present autant chez l'agresseur que chez la victime, sauf pour environ 12 pour cent des cas. k) La victime contribue quelquefois a sa propre victimisation, soit environ 11 pour cent des cas. /) La theorie d'une sous-culture du vol plutot que celle d'une sous-culture de violence peut expliquer le comportement du voleur, m) II n'y a pas de discrimination raciale au niveau des sentences, n) Tout compte fait, le vol qualifie a plutot les caracteristiques des crimes contre la propriete que des crimes contre la personne.

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Jacobs, Bruce A., and Richard Wright. "Moralistic Street Robbery." Crime & Delinquency 54, no. 4 (December 20, 2007): 511–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128707307220.

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Bhui, Hindpal S. "Tackling Personal Robbery." Probation Journal 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02645505030502015.

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Jisun, Park, Ahn Hyeonmi, and Kim Jiyoung. "A Study on the Robbery Offenders with Previous Robbery Conviction." Correction Review 76 (September 30, 2017): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14819/krscs.2017.27.3.5.113.

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McCutcheon, James C., Greg S. Weaver, Lin Huff-Corzine, Jay Corzine, and Bert Burraston. "Highway Robbery: Testing the Impact of Interstate Highways on Robbery." Justice Quarterly 33, no. 7 (November 3, 2015): 1292–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2015.1102953.

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39

Radecki, Wojciech Anna Zientara, and Anna Zientara. "Ustawowe ujęcie przestępstwa rozboju w prawie czeskim i słowackim w porównaniu do rozwiązań przyjętych w polskim kodeksie karnym." Studia Iuridica, no. 89 (May 2, 2022): 287–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-89.15.

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This article introduces readers to the regulation of the act of robbery in the Czech and Slovak penal codes. The solutions adopted in the Czech Republic and Slovakia have been presented by comparing them to the regulation of the act of robbery contained in the Polish Penal Code. The perormed analysis showed that there are significant differences between the regulation of the act of robbery in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and the solutions adopted in the Polish Penal Code. For example, the qualifying types of robbery were presented differently. Moreover, in the Czech Republic and Slovakia the act of robbery takes place already at the moment of conducting violence to seize property, while in Poland it takes place at a later stage – with the actual seizure of someone else’s property. What is already a robbery under Czech and Slovak law, is only an attempt according to the Polish Penal Code. The article also compares severity of penalties for robbery in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and presents the options for liability of collective entities for robbery in these three countries.

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Annoni, Alessandra. "INTERNATIONAL ACTION AGAINST PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY AT SEA OFF THE COAST OF SOMALIA." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 23, no. 1 (November 17, 2014): 173–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-90230043.

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In recent years the international community has engaged in an unprecedented joint naval effort to combat piracy and armed robbery off the coast of Somalia. This paper examines the legal basis of the multinational police missions deployed in Somali territorial and internal waters and the law applicable to their operations. Subsequently it discusses the scope of domestic criminal jurisdiction to try Somali pirates and armed robbers and the mechanisms for transferring suspects to the authorities of the prosecuting State. The responsibility of States and international organizations for wrongful acts allegedly perpetrated in the course of these counterpiracy operations is also assessed. Stressing the peculiarity of the Somali case and highlighting both the achievements and shortcomings of the missions authorised by the UN Security Council, it is argued that the “Somali strategy” is unlikely to be replicated elsewhere and is particularly unsuitable for the new hotbeds of piracy and armed robbery: the Gulf of Guinea and Indonesia.

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Skvortsova, O., and V. Silvanovich. "QUESTIONS OF QUALIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF ROBBERY WITH RELATED CRIMES." Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7, no. 4 (February 20, 2023): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-219-226.

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This article provides a legal analysis of the composition of robbery, provided for in Article 162 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as a crime against property. The characteristic signs of robbery as the most dangerous form of theft are studied. The problematic issues of differentiation of robbery and related crimes are considered. The specifics of the qualification of robbery committed by a group of persons by prior agreement are investigated. Some of the analyzed aspects are illustrated by examples of judicial practice in cases of robbery.

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Poirier, Donate. "Prévenir le vol à main armée ?" Criminologie 18, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017220ar.

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Armed robbery seems to be on the decline in Montreal. But there, as everywhere, prevention is «in». Are there effective ways to prevent armed robbery? To answer this question, the study compared the various means used by a sample of 271 Montreal shop owners : 184 of them had been victims of robbery during the last two years and 87 had as yet never been robbed. There are no easy solutions apart from selling the business. It was found that almost all retailers were prevention conscious. Non-expensive equipment is used in most stores by victims as well as non-victims. Costly means, such as alarms or cameras, are not very common but their preventive effect, if any, could not be other than indirect. Cautious behavior, available to all, seems more effective. Non-victims had adopted slightly more preventive habits than former victims, such as frequent and irregular bank deposits, and/or enhancing the shop's visibility, etc. But so many more factors contribute to crime, several of which are beyond the control of the victim. Prevention also has negative side-effects. Is it worth it?

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Aborisade, Richard Abayomi, and Similade Fortune Oni. "Sociological Profiling of Armed Robbery Convicts in Kirikiri Female Prisons, Lagos, Nigeria." International Annals of Criminology 58, no. 1 (May 2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2020.15.

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AbstractIncreasing female involvement in violent crime is a concern in Nigeria; still, it is unclear what informs this sudden surge in a society that supposedly socializes feminine gender to be soft, caring, and compassionate. This article explores the sociological profiles of women involved in armed robbery, drawing case examples from 32 convicts in a Nigerian female penitentiary. It was found that women were made susceptible to deviance by some social factors such as familial variables, neighborhood characteristics, gender discrimination, neglect, and violence. Both primary and secondary social groups were found to be major facilitators in the initiation into crime, development of criminal career, entry into armed robbery, and maintenance of life as a robber. This article concludes that gender-based inequality in all social facets and the unfavorable socio-economic conditions in Nigeria increase the vulnerability of women to be recruited into criminality. A revival of the family institution, gender-neutral parenting, government’s intervention for improvement of socio-economic wellbeing, and gender education are suggested.

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Anand, Abhijeet. "IOT based Bank Locker." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35257.

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Thistprojecttwilltfocus on effective and secure recognition and controlling the system for the bank locker roomtthattistfullytself-determining.The prohibited entrance intthetlocker roomtcantbe detectedtbytourtsecurity system in the case of robberies. Whenever the robbery takes place, duettotabsencetoftthe prooftbytourtcurrent human operated security systemtthetbankstare nottcapabletto recognizetthe robber. The system willtbetdesigned inteffective waytby recognizing andtcontrollingtillegaltpersonttotaccesstthetlockertfortthetsafetytoftbanktlockertroom.tIntthis,twetproposedtatthree-phasetconformationtoftproceduretfortsmarttlockertusing some registered pattern in mobile app, camera and SMS whichtcheck out the user. Astcomparedttotanytothertprevioustapproachestourtsystemtusestweb App which send a SMS totregistered mobile numbertwhichthighlightstthetsmarttsecurity.

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Gasse, Annie. "Panakhtemipet Et Ses Complices (à Propos Du Papyrus Bm Ea 10054, R° 2, 1–5)." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 87, no. 1 (December 2001): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751330108700108.

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P. BM 10054 preserves the testimony of a number of tomb robbers. For col. 2 of the recto, some fragments unknown to Peet and hitherto unedited confirm that the passage records the deposition of the fisherman Panakhtemipet. His participation in two separate episodes of robbery, which are not likely to have been far apart in time, argues in favour of a revision of the chronology of the end of the New Kingdom and especially of the period of wḥm mswt.

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Zarubina, K. A. "Manifestations of Criminal Professionalism in the Activities of Robber Gangs of Pre-Revolutionary Russia." Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 14, no. 1 (March 14, 2024): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2024-14-1-104-112.

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Relevance. Professional crime is one of the most dangerous, relatively independent types of crime, which poses a serious threat to modern society and the state. Currently, there is no unified approach to assessing the state, dynamics and trends of this dangerous criminal phenomenon. Mechanisms to combat this type of criminal activity that are adequate to the level of danger have not been identified. In this regard, special studies of professional crime in all its complexity and ambiguity are becoming particularly relevant, including those affecting certain issues of the evolution of this dangerous criminal phenomenon in time and space.The purpose. He purpose of the study is a theoretical analysis and definition of the socio-legal essence of professional crime in pre-revolutionary Russia (using the example of the analysis of socially dangerous activities of robber gangs).Objectives: to analyze the domestic legislation of the pre-revolutionary period, providing for accountability for repeated robbery; to determine the specifics of committing crimes on a professional basis by robber gangs in prerevolutionary Russia; to identify elements of the criminal subculture supported by the community of professional robbers in the period under study in Russia.Methodology. To achieve this goal, such general scientific and private scientific research methods as the method of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparative legal and chronological methods were used.Results. It was determined that many robbers who traded on the «high roads» during the studied period possessed all the signs of criminal professionalism: the presence of criminal specialization, qualifications, perception of criminal activity as a source of income, connections with the criminal world, including those expressed in the perception and multiplication of values and norms of the emerging criminal subculture.Conclusion. By the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a monolithic, well–structured consolidated and criminal world had formed in Russia, in which the professional criminal «core» played a special role. Professional robbers occupied not the least place in the criminal hierarchy, causing significant harm to economic relations in society and the national security of the country.

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Shupyana, M. "Pickpocketing and robbery - a jerk: theoretical and applied aspects in the criminal law of Ukraine." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.01.86.

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Article is devoted to the nature and content of the criminal offenses of pickpocketing and robbery. The author emphasized that such a method of robbery as robbery is a rush, the culprit uses this type of open kidnapping with the hope of sudden encroachment, which, as a result, will lead to the absence of resistance on the part of the victim. Issues related to the content of the violence used in robbery were analyzed and its influence on the qualifications of the act committed by the guilty person was determined. The author also notes that the majority of researchers propose to qualify the sudden violence caused during the commission of a robbery as a separate negligent attack on health (reckless serious or moderate bodily injuries). Encroachment on property, that is, the robbery itself, is qualified as a non-violent robbery. However, cases of sudden destruction of property, which are characterized by the obligatory infliction of physical damage, since without causing such damage it is impossible to take possession of the property suddenly, should be qualified as violent robbery. At the same time, it is necessary to emphasize that robbery is a criminal offense with a material component, it is considered completed from the moment the offender has a real opportunity to use or dispose of the confiscated property. The author emphasizes that the simplest and, at the same time, the most common form of theft is pickpocketing. The victim is present, often outsiders are also present, but none of them notices the thief's actions. Let's emphasize that when such actions are noticed by outsiders and the culprit knows about it, but continues to take property, secret theft of property turns into open, that is, theft turns into non-violent robbery. At the same time, if the perpetrator's actions were noticed by outsiders, but such persons did not identify themselves and the perpetrator continues to believe that he is acting secretly, the actions are classified as theft.

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Razai, Mohammad S. "The great training robbery." British Journal of General Practice 69, no. 679 (January 31, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x701021.

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Hunt, Elle. "The great bug robbery." New Scientist 253, no. 3379 (March 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(22)00527-9.

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Du Toit, Andrea. "Daylight robbery by Acinetobacter." Nature Reviews Microbiology 16, no. 1 (November 20, 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.147.

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