Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Robert le mesurier'
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Chellal, Ryad. "Commande robuste des robots parallèles à câbles avec mesure extéroceptive." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD039/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a complete work on modelling, identification and control of cable-driven parallel robots in order to improve the dynamic performances in terms of speed, precision and robustness, while managing the problems related to the use of cables. In the context of these researches, the identification and control techniques are improved thanks to the use of exteroceptive sensors, in particular using vision. Methods from the fields of robotics and control are implemented and compared. The experimental validations are performed on a demonstrator available in the laboratory : an INCA 6D robot designed by Haption company, equipped with a Bonita motion capture system developed by Vicon company
Offermann, Alexis. "Conception et validation d’un robot apte à effectuer des mesures sur ouvrage d’art." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2603.
Full textThis PhD. applies in the field of robotics for building inspection. Buildings are understood here as huge constructions such as bridges or churches. Using photogrammetry to analyses the structure of these kind of buildings is nowadays a common technique. To extend the analysis methodologies, we propose in this document to imagine a way to bring tools directly in contact with the buildings. Multiple solution possibilities are presented for a final choice. The chosen solution consists of designing a drone able to tilt its arms to bring the building inspection tool directly onto the wall of the construction. This leads to a double challenge. Firstly, the mechanical part of designing such a complex and non-common drone. Secondly,the development and real time testing of the control algorithm. Eventually, this manuscript proposes to use a particular software architecture joining fast experimentations and validation of the control laws. This platform being very versatile, it is also possible to consider re-using it for different applications in future works. The experimentations reveal good results, promoting the usage of the drone as a carrying vector to bring the tools onto the construction
Wald, Lasowski Aliocha. "Poétique de la ritournelle : [la musique au bout des mots]." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083560.
Full textDoes talk about music belong to everybody? Form of an art that has its classical requirements and its modern breaches, polyrhythmic sound calls to mind elitist practices as well as popular share, and sometimes mingles with the sounds of the crowd and the tears of anonymous people. Intimate and in relation, music follows metamorphoses (blows, speeds, rhythms…), becomes a refrain or a ritornelle, serious or light. Hybrid and flickering, poetics of vocal language, instrumental or sonorous, is crossed by chance, dreams and changes. Made up of random meetings or uncertain words, what does music teach us? For some amateur musicians (Gide, Barthes, Sollers), for those whose define themselves as non-musicians (Freud, Deleuze, Rancière) or who are st on other arts (psychiatry for Guattari, poetry with Glissant, Adami’s painting), music speaks about something further than itself. It tells us about the colours, the affects, the feelings of the world. Indeed, through its intensity and its fragility, its power and its liberty, music speaks about us
Lacasse, Marc-Antoine. "Développement de systèmes pour la collaboration humain-robot : conception d'un robot sériel à 7 ddls partiellement équilibré statiquement." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25357.
Full textAhmad, Irfan. "Analyse et commande d'un système de mesure à courant tunnel." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663060.
Full textGallant, André. "Optimisation de trajectoire pour l'augmentation des capacités des manipulateurs robotiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66560.
Full textToday, robotic manipulators are being called upon to perform an increasingly wide range of tasks that extend beyond the conventional ones required in traditional applications. One such type of application is physical human-robot interaction. In order for such systems to be safe, it can be desirable to decrease their weight and strength by reducing the size of their actuators.Indeed, reducing the size of the actuators increases safety in two manners, the inertia of the manipulator decreases and the torques generated by the motors are greatly reduced. However, the main drawback of such manipulators is the reduction of their payload capacity.Therefore, better usage of the limited joint efforts is required to enable them to perform tasks that they would normally not be able to accomplish. Thus, this thesis presents a study of two main types of tasks where an effective trajectory optimisation strategy can be particularly valuable. The first task is that of lifting heavy objects, i.e., objects that exceed the conservative estimate of the payload capacity of a manipulator. Studying this task could lead to the design of lighter,more capable manipulators. This work focuses on studying trajectory generation methods to enable manipulators with relatively weak actuators to lift heavy payloads by fully utilizing their dynamics. The second task studied in this thesis is the task of throwing objects. Specifically, the distance throwing capabilities of manipulators is studied where the maximum distance that an object can be thrown with a given manipulator is sought. This task is studied at three levels of complexity: finding the maximum possible throwing capacity of manipulators with velocity constraints, finding the maximum throwing capacity considering a full trajectory with kinematic constraints, and finding the maximum throwing capacity considering a full trajectory with dynamic constraints. Finally, performance criteria are established from these two types of tasks in order help in the process of designing a new manipulator. Thus, a simple design optimisation simulation is performed as a proof of concept.
Sanchez, Loza Jose Manuel. "Shape sensing of deformable objects for robot manipulation." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC012/document.
Full textDeformable objects are ubiquitous in our daily lives. On a given day, we manipulate clothes into uncountable configurations to dress ourselves, tie the shoelaces on our shoes, pick up fruits and vegetables without damaging them for our consumption and fold receipts into our wallets. All these tasks involve manipulating deformable objects and can be performed by an able person without any trouble, however robots have yet to reach the same level of dexterity. Unlike rigid objects, where robots are now capable of handling objects with close to human performance in some tasks; deformable objects must be controlled not only to account for their pose but also their shape. This extra constraint, to control an object's shape, renders techniques used for rigid objects mainly inapplicable to deformable objects. Furthermore, the behavior of deformable objects widely differs among them, e.g. the shape of a cable and clothes are significantly affected by gravity while it might not affect the configuration of other deformable objects such as food products. Thus, different approaches have been designed for specific classes of deformable objects.In this thesis we seek to address these shortcomings by proposing a modular approach to sense the shape of an object while it is manipulated by a robot. The modularity of the approach is inspired by a programming paradigm that has been increasingly been applied to software development in robotics and aims to achieve more general solutions by separating functionalities into components. These components can then be interchanged based on the specific task or object at hand. This provides a modular way to sense the shape of deformable objects.To validate the proposed pipeline, we implemented three different applications. Two applications focused exclusively on estimating the object's deformation using either tactile or force data, and the third application consisted in controlling the deformation of an object. An evaluation of the pipeline, performed on a set of elastic objects for all three applications, shows promising results for an approach that makes no use of visual information and hence, it could greatly be improved by the addition of this modality
Touati, Lyes. "Internet of things security : towards a robust interaction of systems of systems." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2311/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we deal with security challenges in the Internet of Things. The evolution of the Internet toward an Internet of Things created new challenges relating to the way to secure communications given the new constraints of IoT, namely: resource constrained objects, heterogeneity of network components, the huge size of the network, etc. Indeed, the Internet evolved from a network of computers and servers toward a huge network connecting billions of smart communicating objects. These objects will be integrated into complex systems and use sensors and actuators to observe and interact with their physical environment. The security requirements of the interactions between smart objects depend on the context which evolves in time and space. Consequently, the definition of the security policies should be adaptive and context-aware. In this thesis, we were interested in the problem of access control in IoT relying on Attribute based Encryption (ABE). Indeed, ABE schemes present many advantages in implementing a cryptographic fine-grained access control. However, these schemes raise many implementation challenges because of their complexity and high computation and energy overheads. To overcome this challenge, we leveraged the heterogeneity of IoT to develop collaborative and distributed versions of ABE schemes. Our solutions reduce remarkably the overhead in terms of energy consumption and computation. The second limitation of ABE schemes is the absence of efficient attribute/key revocation techniques. We have proposed batch based mechanisms for attribute/key revocation in CP-ABE. We demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed solutions through simulations. Finally, we have proposed a CP-ABE based solution for the problem of grouping proof. This problem consists of providing the proof that a set of objects are present simultaneously (same time and same location). The propose solution has many applications such as enforcing the security of NFC based payments and the access to sensitive locations
Expert, Fabien. "Un robot volant inspiré des insectes : De la mesure du flux optique aux stratégies de guidage visuel pour un micro hélicoptère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4116/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we first developed and characterized optic flow sensors robust to illuminance changes inspired by the visual system of the fly and computing the angular speed thanks to the "time of travel" scheme. In particular, we have compared the performances of sensors processing the visual angular speed based on a standard retina or an aVLSI retina composed of pixels automatically adapting to the background illuminance in indoor and outdoor environments. The results of such bio-inspired sensors have also been compared with optic mouse sensors which are used nowadays on Micro Aerial Vehicles to process the optic flow but only in outdoor environments. Finally, a new implementation of the "time of travel" scheme has been proposed reducing the computational load of the processing unit.In the framework of the European project CurvACE, we also participated to the design and development of the first curved artificial compound eye including fast motion detection in a very large range of illuminations. In particular, we characterized such sensor showing its ability to extract optic flow using different algorithms.Finally, we also developed a tethered miniature aerial robot equipped with sensors and control strategies mimicking flying insects navigating in a high-roof tunnel. This robot may explain how honeybees control their speed and position thanks to optic flow, while demonstrating alternative solution to classical robotic approach relying on ground-truth and metric sensors. Based only on visuomotor control loops reacting suitably to the environment, this rotorcraft has shown its ability to fly autonomously in complex and unstationary tunnels
Juge-Hubert, Didier. "Une approche de la fusion multi-senseurs en robotique mobile : construction d'un modèle cylindrique intégrant les incertitudes." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMP645S.
Full textHardt, Hans-Joachim von der. "Contribution au pilotage et à la localisation d'un robot mobile." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL120N.
Full textSeguel, González Fabián Esteban. "Robust localization system using Visible Light Communication technology for underground mines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0012.
Full textAdvances in electronics and communications technology have created new safety regulations that must be applied in order to operate underground mines safely and optimally. In 2006, the U.S. government updated its safety policies and adopted PUBLIC LAW109-236. As a result, monitoring of personnel inside underground tunnels is now mandatory for mining operations. This new regulation establishes that the current location, or immediately prior to the accident, of all underground personnel must be delivered to an external monitoring station. Despite recent advances in tracking and positioning systems for indoor environments, underground mines provide a unique environment that places different constraints on current technologies. In recent years, Visible Light Communications (VLC) has attracted the attention of researchers, mainly due to recent advances in the manufacture of Light Emitting Diodes. The rapid development of VLC systems has encouraged researchers to propose positioning solutions based on this technology. Visible light positioning (VLP) has several advantages over traditional positioning methods. Most VLP methods have been evaluated in scenarios where a dense and well-deployed VLC network exists. Underground mines, on the other hand, are a dynamic and inherently hazardous environment and most of the assumptions made for traditional indoor environments are not met. The feasibility of using a VLP system under such conditions and capable of meeting positioning requirements remains an open question. In order to answer this question, we study the constraints, limitations and requirements of current positioning technologies when applied in an underground mining environment in order to determine the best architecture to guarantee the positioning service while meeting the location requirements. Our proposal uses the positioning limitations, capabilities and requirements to design a low-cost, large-scale positioning architecture. Using this design, we have developed a real-world platform to evaluate the performance of visible light positioning methods. Finally, a new robust positioning method is presented. Unlike most existing methods in the literature, our proposal is not directly derived from RF-based methods. The robustness of our method to multiple perturbations (errors in the measurement of height, tilt angles, and multipath propagation due to light reflections from walls) has been tested
Villamizar, Mejia Rodolfo. "Robust control of systems subjected to uncertain disturbances and actuator dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7729.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the design and validation of robust controllers that can effectively reduce vibrations in structures due to external disturbances such as earthquakes, strong winds or heavy dynamic loads. The design of the controllers is based on control theories traditionally used in structural control: Lyapunov stability theory, Sliding Mode Control and Clipped-Optimal Control, another recently introduced: Backstepping Control and one that had not been used before in this control area: Quantitative Feedback Theory. The main advantage by using these techniques is that some open structural problems such as actuator dynamics, uncertain disturbances, uncertain parameters, measurement limitation and dynamic coupling can be treated. Numerical validation of the controllers proposed is performed on typical structural models. A 10-story base isolated structure, a truck-bridge structural platform and a two-span bridge are used. Their control scheme contains inherit one o more open structural control problems. Three experimental prototypes are used to implement the robust controllers proposed, in order to experimentally verify their viability and effectiveness. The main contribution of the present thesis is obtaining robust structural controllers, numerically and experimentally verified, that account structural control problems such as actuator dynamics, uncertain parameters, dynamic coupling, measurement limitations and unknown disturbances and based on novel control techniques.
Belleval, Christophe. "Robust Statistics Applied to Radio Astronomy : Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation and Automated Spectral Line Detection for Broadband Surveys." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEO009.
Full textThe advent of a new generation of radio telescopes coupled with digital processing hardware have provided tremendous new opportunities for extensive studies of the Galactic and extra galactic environment. In parallel, the nowadays huge amount of data produced has generated specific challenges. Among others: to secure high-speed data capture, to temporarily store huge quantities of raw data, to upgrade processing to this new data profile, and to provide researchers practical tools of analysis.In this thesis I have focused on two issues. Firstly the mitigation of radio frequency interference (RFI), and secondly practical methods for automated blind detection of spectral lines. The algorithms I present have been developed using observational data from the decimetric 100m-class single-dish Nanc{c}ay Radio Telescope (France) acquired with the WIBAR broadband and high sampling rate spectrometer. Contrary to classical spectral data analysis, The algorithms I have developed take into account time-series of flux-density. In order to excise RFI and detect spectral lines, I chose to apply robust statistics to these time-series, i.e., estimators of location and scale as well as regression which are immune to statistical outliers.In the first part, I lay down the basics of robust statistics applied to radio astronomy, used for this project: after having recalled basics of classical statistics in the context of radio astronomy, I discuss the pros and cons of several robust estimators of location and scale, followed by an evaluation of options for robust regression pertaining to the aims of this project. In the second part, I first describe the technical properties of the WIBAR broadband receiver, and then the fundamental assumptions and choices I have made to setup the architecture of the RObust Elusive Line detection (ROBEL) post-processing software I have developed for this matter. In the third part, I present results first from observations of different sources with WIBAR, and second related to RFI mitigation. After having discussed current issues, I conclude with possible future developments in interferometry in the SKA context
Génevé, Lionel. "Système de déploiement d'un robot mobile autonome basé sur des balises." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD024/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of a project which aims at developing an autonomous mobile robot able to perform specific tasks in a preset area. To ease the setup of the system, radio-frequency beacons providing range measurements with respect to the robot are set up beforehand on the borders of the robot’s workspace. The system deployment consists in two steps, one for learning the environment, then a second, where the robot executes its tasks autonomously. These two steps require to solve the localization and simultaneous localization and mapping problems for which several solutions are proposed and tested in simulation and on real datasets. Moreover, to ease the setup and improve the system performances, a beacon placement algorithm is presented and tested in simulation in order to validate in particular the improvement of the localization performances
Khalid, Rameez. "Progress in Transferable Work-load Projects : Development of a Robust Method for the Evaluation and Forecasting of Distributed Progress." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT051G/document.
Full textIn large projects measuring progress is always difficult due to the complexities involved, because the realization is shared among departments of a firm or even between firms disseminated all over the world. Project management and operations research literature is reviewed for discovering various techniques applicable. Widely used tools for progress measurement and forecasting, such as Earned Value Analysis, Progress Plot, Milestone and Resource slip charts, concurrent engineering, can be employed. This thesis is based on a problem of pharmaceutical industry where the effectiveness of a certain medical treatment is examined on patients in a number of countries. The number of variables involved increase the complexity of this problem. The main objective is to analyze the effectiveness of a solution in different situations during the project such that a better project duration and a lower cost can be achieved. Our findings suggest that reallocation of patients among countries produces better results in terms of progress
Leborne, François. "Contributions à la commande de bras manipulateurs de robot sous-marin pour la manipulation à grande profondeur d'échantillons biologiques déformables." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS044/document.
Full textThe research carried out in the scope of this doctorate degree aims to develop innovative techniques to improve the collection of biological and mineral samples underwater using robotic manipulators. The end goal is to enhance the handling by robotic means in order to maximise sample quality provided to marine scientists. The proposed techniques are based on an in-depth analysis of the robotic arm actuators used in most recent underwater intervention vehicles, in order to improve the accuracy of the positionning of the tools held by the manipulator arms. An instrumented tool has also been developed with the aim to measure the reaction forces and adapt the interaction between the arm's end-effector and its environment to improve samples handling. These methods and the other contributions described in this thesis have been experimentally validated using Ifremer's hybrid-ROV Ariane equipped with two electrically actuated heterogeneous robotic arms
ROBERT, DE SAINT VINCENT ARNAUD. "Perception et modelisation de l'environnement d'un robot mobile : une approche par stereovision." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30161.
Full textFanton, Hervé. "Cartographie rapide de l'environnement local d'un robot mobile autonome." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0130.
Full textMARIETTE, STEPHANIE. "Mesure de la diversite genetique intra et inter-populations : echantillonnage intra-genome et choix des marqueurs. applications experimentales sur quercus petraea, quercus robur et pinus pinaster." Paris, ENGREF, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENGR0002.
Full textSAINT-MARC, PHILIPPE. "Outils fondamentaux pour l'analyse d'images en robotique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21118.
Full textCotton, Sébastien. "Modélisation, dynamique et estimation du centre de masse de robots humanoïdes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20018/document.
Full textBefore they can interact with men, humanoid robots must be strongly enhanced in their modeling, their control and their design. Contrary to manipulator robots, the notion of center of mass is predominant in humanoid robots and will be central to the management of their balance. In this context, this thesis aims to provide accurate modeling of the center of mass of humanoid robots, whose complexity is increasing. Indeed, the models used today to determine the trajectory of center of mass are simplified models of humanoid robots. The works of this thesis revolve around three major contributions : kinematics and dynamics modeling as well as the estimation of the center of mass of humanoid robots. The first part proposes a transformation of the tree structure of the humanoid in a virtual serial chain locating its center of mass and allowing an adapted control of the latter. The dynamics of the robot is then expressed in the center of mass space allowing an accurate description of its acceleration. As such, the concept of dynamic manipulability of the center of mass is introduced. Finally, through the modeling in a virtual chain, a methodology that is today a reference in the field of center of mass estimation in humans is proposed. Many experiments show throughout this thesis the application and usefulness of this work
Durieu, Cécile. "Algorithmes de localisation d'un robot mobile dans un milieu balisé par mesures de distance ou d'angle de gisement en tenant compte des données aberrantes : algorithmes de calibration et recalage du champ de balises." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112039.
Full textThis thesis analyses algorithms for the localisation of a mobile robot in a beaconed environment. A bibliographical study of different sensors and localization-navigation algorithms for mobile robots allows us to describe the proposed solution : non-sophisticated sensors giving easy-to-compute data. Two kinds of sensors are studied : an ultrasonic/infra-red telemeter with active beacons and a goniometer with passive beacons. A statistical model has been established from a theoretical study of measurement errors. This model is used to compare different localization algorithms and to analyse the feasibility of the sensors. Optimization algorithms giving the robot position while using at best all the beacons data are then studied. We use a reweighted least square criterion. Two iterative methods are compared, the gradient algorithm and the Newton-Gauss method, at first with exact data then with noisy data. We conclude that the second order method is the best one and that we obtain a quasi-efficient estimator of the robot position. Results form previous sections allow us to design a coherence test used to detect and reject aberrant data. An algorithm to find the position of the vehicle when its position is not known form vrevious measurements is then described. This method takes aberrant data into account. An identification method for non-coded beacons is also given, as well as an algorithm for the initial calibration of the field of beacons. Some beacons being portable, we give a method to relocate their position, in the Kalman filtering formalism. Finally, using the same formalism, a data fusion algorithm is used to obtain a better-estimation of the robot position by using information given by the beacons and by a system, measuring the displacements of the vehicle
Coguenanff, Corentin. "Conception robuste aux incertitudes des systèmes légers bois envibro-acoustique linéaire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1166/document.
Full textBeing able to understand and predict the vibroacoustic behavior of lightweight wood-based building systems contitute a serious scientific concern. In 2015, acoustic comfort investigation claims that unsatisfactions are expressed with respect to around 50% of such constructions. In particular, low frequency discomfort is target of criticism. A methodology was proposed, currently running through standardisation process, which translates the individual performance of the building systems into a global building performance index. The challenge consequently lies in the prediction of the individual performances in regard to the wide spread of wood based designs. In this research, a methodology is introduced for the construction of computational models able to handle the complexity and diversity of the systems, constituted of multiple boards, stiffeners, cavities and poroelastic media. Structural excitations of the system are constructed according to standard evaluation procedures. Then, a probabilistic approach is undertaken in order to take into account the uncertainty problematic, inherent to lightweight wood based constructions. In particular, stochastic inverse problems are constructed to identify, from experimental measurements, hyperparameters associated with ad hoc probabilistic models. Eventually, uncertainty quantification can be performed in regard to predicted performance in laboratory conditions. Following, robust optimal designs are sought in the presence of uncertainties. No continuous mapping from the search space of the configurations to the space of the fitness functions representative of the objective performance exists and derivatives cannot be defined. By way of consequence, the class of the evolutionnary algorithm, suited to discrete search spaces as well as multi-objective optimisation, is chosen. Considered optimisation problems displayed preferential directions of the genetic algorithm towards stiffest admissible designs
Amailland, Sylvain. "Caractérisation de sources acoustiques par imagerie en écoulement d'eau confiné." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1037/document.
Full textThe noise requirements for naval and research vessels lead to the development of new characterization methods. The propeller, which is the most important source in the far field, is usually studied in a water tunnel. However, due to the reverberation in the tunnel and the high level of flow noise, the characterization may be difficult. The aim of the thesis is to improve the measurement capabilities of the DGA Hydrodynamic tunnel (GTH) in terms of noise radiated by models in flow configurations.The propagation model is described through the image source method. Unfortunately, the reflection coefficients of the tunnel walls are generally unknown and it is proposed to estimate these parameters using an inverse method and the knowledge of some reference transfer functions. The boundary layer noise (BLN) may be stronger than the acoustic signal, therefore a Robust Principal Component Analysis is introduced in order to separate, blindly or semi-blindly, the acoustic signal from the noise. This algorithm is taking advantage of the low rank and sparse structure of the acoustic and the BLN cross-spectrum matrices. Then an acoustic imaging technique based on the equivalent source method is applied in order to localize and quantify correlated or decorrelated sources. Finally, the potentiality of the proposed techniques is evaluated experimentally in the GTH in the presence of an acoustic source and a controlled flow
Merlet, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à la formalisation de la commande par retour d'efforts en robotique : application à la commande de robots parallèles." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066296.
Full textCarmassi, Mathieu. "Uncertainty quantification and calibration of a photovoltaic plant model : warranty of performance and robust estimation of the long-term production." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA042/document.
Full textField experiments are often difficult and expensive to make. To bypass these issues, industrial companies have developed computational codes. These codes intend to be representative of the physical system, but come with a certain amount of problems. The code intends to be as close as possible to the physical system. It turns out that, despite continuous code development, the difference between the code outputs and experiments can remain significant. Two kinds of uncertainties are observed. The first one comes from the difference between the physical phenomenon and the values recorded experimentally. The second concerns the gap between the code and the physical system. To reduce this difference, often named model bias, discrepancy, or model error, computer codes are generally complexified in order to make them more realistic. These improvements lead to time consuming codes. Moreover, a code often depends on parameters to be set by the user to make the code as close as possible to field data. This estimation task is called calibration. This thesis first proposes a review of the statistical methods necessary to understand Bayesian calibration. Then, a review of the main calibration methods is presented with a comparative example based on a numerical code used to predict the power of a photovoltaic plant. The package called CaliCo which allows to quickly perform a Bayesian calibration on a lot of numerical codes is then presented. Finally, a real case study of a large photovoltaic power plant will be introduced and the calibration carried out as part of a performance monitoring framework. This particular case of industrial code introduces numerical calibration specificities that will be discussed with two statistical models
Artus, Guillaume. "Application de l'approche par fonctions transverses à la commande de véhicules non-holonomes manoeuvrants." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1286.
Full textThis PhD Thesis concerns the automated guidance of wheeled vehicles. Our objective is the development and the experimentation of a new control approach for nonlinear systems in order to achieve the tracking of a moving target, associated, for example, with a reference vehicle. An original feature of this work is that the target is allowed to move freely in the plane and thus to perform motions which are not feasible by the controlled vehicle. It becomes thus possible to follow a reference vehicle independently of its motions (forward motion, backwards motion, maneuvers. . . ). The control approach is based on the transverse function framework, and consists to perform the practical stabilization of the target. First, we analyze the influence of the control parameters on the target tracking. Based on this analysis, we propose two extensions in order to improve the tracking precision and the system´s behaviour during the transient phases. Finally, we present experimental results obtained with the robotic system of the Icare laboratory. To this purpose, an estimator of the target´s velocity has been developed. It is based on visual and odometry measurements
Zhang, Jinhua. "Dynamiques chaotiques et hyperbolicité partielle." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK055/document.
Full textThe dynamics of hyperbolic systems is considered well understood from topological point of view as well as from stochastic point of view. S. Smale and R. Abraham gave an example showing that, in general, the hyperbolic systems are not dense among all differentiable systems. In 1970s, M. Brin and Y. Pesin proposed a new notion: partial hyperbolicity to release the notion of hyperbolicity. One aim of this thesis is to understand the dynamics of certain partially hyperbolic systems from stochastic point of view as well as from topological point of view. From stochastic point of view, we prove the following results: — There exists an open and dense subset U of robustly transitive nonhyperbolic diffeomorphisms far from homoclinic tangency, such that forany f ∈ U, there exist non-hyperbolic ergodic measures as the weak*- limit of periodic measures, with only one vanishing Lyapunov exponent, and whose supports are the whole manifold; — There exists an open and dense subset of partially hyperbolic (but nonhyperbolic) diffeomorphisms with center dimension one whose strong foliations are robustly minimal, such that the closure of the set of ergodic measures is the union of two convex sets which are the closure of the sets of hyperbolic ergodic measures of two different s-indices respectively; these two convex sets intersect along the closure of the set of nonhyperbolic ergodic measures. As a consequence, every non-hyperbolic ergodic measure is approximated by periodic measures. That is the case for robustly transitive perturbation of the time one map of a transitive Anosov flow, or of the skew product of an Anosov torus diffeomorphism by a rotation of the circle. These results are based on some local results whose statements involve in lots of technical definitions. From topological point of view, for any non-transitive Anosov flow on orientable 3-manifolds, we build new partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms by composing the time t-map of the Anosov flow (for t > 0 large) with Dehn twists along transverse tori. These new partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms are robustly dynamically coherent. This generalizes the special process in [BPP] for constructing new partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms to a general case. Furthermore, we prove that for the new partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms we built, their center foliations are topologically equivalent to the Anosov flows used for building them. As a consequence, one has that the structure of the center leaves of the new partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms is the same asthe structure of the orbits of an Anosov flow. The presence of non-hyperbolic ergodic measures shows the non-hyperbolicity of the systems. In this thesis, we also attempt to understand: to what extent, can the presence of non-hyperbolic ergodic measures character how far from hyperbolicity the systems are? We prove that, for generic diffeomorphisms, if a homoclinic class contains periodic orbits of different indices and without certain dominations, then there exists a non-hyperbolic ergodic measure with more than one vanishing Lyapunov exponents and whose support is the whole homoclinic class. The number of vanishing Lyapunov exponents shows how much hyperbolicity has been lost in such kind of systems
Zouhri, Wahb. "Quality prediction/classification of a production system under uncertainty based on Support Vector Machine." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE058.
Full textWith the emergence of the IoT paradigm, manufacturing industries are opting for new technologies for data collection and analysis to evaluate the quality of their manufacturing systems. Machine learning and classification methods provide various solutions to quality management such as defect detection and conformity prediction. However, manufacturing data are affected by uncertainties, which affect the performances of classification techniques. Accordingly, the thesis aims to study and manage the impact of measurement uncertainties on the predictive performances of support vector machine (SVM). Two groups of approaches are thus proposed: the former aiming to quantify the impact of measurement uncertainties on the prediction accuracy of SVM using several propagation techniques and data mining techniques, and the latter aiming to improve the robustness of SVM to uncertainties using robust optimization techniques. The various approaches provide a better understanding of the SVM robustness and how to improve it. The proposed approaches are evaluated through case studies with industrial partners
Rodriguez, Pila Ernesto. "Contribution aux choix de modélisations pour la conception de structures multi-échelle sous incertitudes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0222/document.
Full textThe design of multi-scale structures is based on predictive and experimental modelling. To achieve a high level of precision, modelling rest on a high number of experimental tests and sophisticated analytical and numerical developments integrating all possible knowledge about the quantity of interest. Adding knowledge into models diminishes the uncertainty on quantities of interest and significantly impacts the cost of modelling, a high impact factor on the design cost. The designer must be able to control the suitability of the integration of knowledge into the prediction of quantities of interest and its impact on the cost of modelling. The research carried out in this work is structured around the development of a methodology of assistance to the design under uncertainties allowing the designer to choose combinations between several predictive and experimental models, called modelling paths, presenting different compromises between the cost of modelling and the uncertainty on quantities of interest. The work is based on a pyramidal representation of experimental and predictive modelling. Random and epistemic uncertainties related to materials, models and geometrical tolerances are aggregated and propagated in the pyramid up to the quantities of interest of the structure. An adaptive method based on fuzzy logics for estimating the cost of modelling has been proposed. The multi objective problem aiming to minimizing the uncertainties on the quantities of interest and the cost of modelling is solved by means of the « NSGA-II » genetic algorithm, allowing to identify robust optimized modelling paths. This methodology is applied to a thick composite vessel for hydrogen storage. The proposed methodology demonstrates the possibility of rationalization of experimental and predictive models carried out to obtain the burst pressure of the vessel with a controlled precision. In a second step, the methodology is used to redesign the vessel considering larger or smaller volumes and with different burst pressure targets. Robust modelling paths obtained deliver design solutions adapted to the redesign requirements with a controlled modelling cost and a managed level of uncertainty
Margheriti, William. "Sur la stabilité du problème de transport optimal martingale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC1036.
Full textThis thesis is motivated by the study of the stability of the Martingale Optimal Transport problem, and is naturally structured around two parts. In the first part, we exhibit a new family of martingale couplings between two one-dimensional probability measures μ and ν in the convex order. This family contains in particular the inverse transform martingale coupling which is explicit in terms of the quantile functions of these marginal densities. The integral M_1(μ,ν) of |x-y| with respect to each of these couplings is smaller than or equal to twice the Wasserstein distance W_1(μ,ν) between μ and ν. We show that a similar inequality holds when replacing |x-y| and W_1 respectively with |x-y|^ρ and the product of W_ρ times the centered ρ-th moment of the second marginal to the power ρ-1, for any ρ∈[1,+∞). We then study the generalisation of this new stability inequality to higher dimensions. Last, we establish a strong connection between our new family of martingale couplings and the projection of a coupling between two given marginals in the convex order onto the set of martingale couplings between the same marginals. The latter projection is taken with respect to the adapted Wasserstein distance, which is greater than or equal to the usual Wasserstein distance and therefore induces a finer topology, which is more suitable to financial modelisation since it takes into account the temporal structure of martingales. In the second part, we prove that any martingale coupling whose marginals are approximated by probability measures in the convex order can be approximated by martingale couplings with respected to the adapted Wasserstein distance. We then discuss various applications of this result. In particular, we strengthen a stability result on the Optimal Weak Transport problem and establish a stability result on the Martingale Optimal Weak Transport problem. We deduce the stability with respect to the marginals of the superreplication price of VIX futures
Chenebault, Christian. "Developpement d'un prehenseur dote de capteurs tactiles d'efforts et d'un porteur six axes pour la realisation robotisee d'assemblages de haute precision." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2259.
Full textQian, Gengjian. "Analyse de sensibilité et robustesse dans le génie industriel : méthodologies et applications aux essais de chocs." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1064/document.
Full textMore than 1 million people die in crashes on the world’s roads and many millions are seriously injured each year. According to the studies: Run-Off-Road accidents (ROR), i.e. the vehicle run-off the road into the roadside and has at least one collision with either roadside equipment or the roadside itself, “represent about 10% of the total road accidents, while 45% of all fatal accidents are ROR”. Vehicle Restraint Systems (VRS) are the infrastructures installed on the road to provide a level of containment for an errant vehicle. Safety barrier is “continuous VRS installed alongside, or on the central reserve, of a road to prevent errant vehicles from crashing on roadside obstacles, and to retain them safely”. Statistic results show that “the existence of protective barriers on road can reduce fatalities up to a factor of 4 when compared to collisions against other road obstacles.” The life-saving performances of a VRS depend on the design of the device. Standards such as EN1317 normalized the impact conditions under which a design of VRS must be tested by crash tests, and defined the criteria for performance evaluation of a design. While a VRS cannot really be optimized: Multi-criteria exist for performance evaluation of a VRS and all the criteria cannot be optimized in the same time; the impact conditions of the VRS with the errant vehicle are numerous; uncertain factors of the VRS may degrade the performances of a design. The thesis aims to define an approach that can serve: sensitivity analysis (SA) and robust design of the VRS; Enrichment for the existing standards in the design of VRS. The case of a safety barrier is specified in the study: a safety barrier has been test experimentally, the program Ls-Dyna was used for crash simulation of the device; considering properties of the crash model, efficiencies of different SA methods were studied and influences of the critical factors whose uncertainties contribute the most to the instability of the barrier were quantified with the selected SA approaches; considering the uncertainties of the critical factors, Multi-Objective robust optimization of the tested barrier were realized; under different impact conditions, crash simulations of the optimized barrier were carried out to evaluate its performances in the real crash accidents. The approaches presented in the article can be useful for the design of other VRS or more broadly, other complex engineering systems. Hopefully, the robustness analysis and generalization analysis (i.e. performance evaluation of the VRS under different impact conditions) of the safety barrier could enrich the standards for the design of VRS
Dimopoulos, Georges. "Etude, caractérisation et modélisation des micromagnétodiodes à grille en silicium sur saphir." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0015.
Full textMachin, Mathilde. "Synthèse de règles de sécurité pour des systèmes autonomes critiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30129/document.
Full textAutonomous systems operating in the vicinity of humans are critical in that they potentially harm humans. In these systems, fault removal is not sufficient given the command complexity and their interactions with an unstructured environment. By a fault tolerance approach, we consider a safety monitor separated from the main command and able to observe and intervene on the system. The monitor behavior is specified by safety rules that must both ensure safety and permit the system to carry out its tasks in absence of hazard. We propose a systematic method to obtain these safety rules. The hazards, determined by a risk analysis, are formally modeled, then an algorithm synthesizes safe and permissive rules, if any exists. The method is tooled both for modeling and synthesis by use of the model-checker NuSMV. Method and tools are applied to the industrial use case of a robotic co-worker
Leroy-Dos, Santos Christophe. "Variabilité du cycle hydrologique atmosphérique en régions polaires à partir de mesures des isotopes stables de l'eau dans la vapeur, les précipitations et les carottes de névé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASJ006.
Full textIn a global warming context, understanding the evolution of sea level rise is a major challenge. It is key to estimate the evolution of the atmospheric hydrological cycle in the polar regions, which directly influences the surface mass balance of the Arctic and Antarctic ice caps (the two largest freshwater reservoirs on the planet). Records are available from satellite data for the last 50 years and a few rare weather data since the 50's in Antarctica, but these records are too short to study the patterns of interannual variability and the difference between anthropogenic and natural signals. One of the best ways to access longer records is to use climate proxies in snow cores. The water isotopic composition in these cores is widely used to reconstruct past temperature variations. However, the link between temperature and isotopic composition is not very well constrained because many other parameters influence the isotopic composition of snow at the time of its formation (i.e. temperature, altitude, humidity, origin of the air mass) or after snow deposition on the surface (i.e. atmosphere-snow exchange, signal scattering, sublimation of surface snow).The objective of this thesis is to better understand the atmospheric hydrological cycle and its influence on the isotopic composition of vapour and precipitation in polar regions with the idea of improving the interpretation of snow core records in these regions. This work is divided into 3 parts.Firstly, we developed a technical solution to meet the challenge of measuring the vapor isotopic composition all year round in polar regions. Indeed, winter being very dry in these regions (down to 10 ppmv at Dome C in winter), the use of a Picarro laser analyzer is limited because it is very sensitive to humidity variations below 2000 ppmv. Winter is a key season in the polar regions as it is associated with significant climate variability due to numerous synoptic events. During this thesis, the fabrication of 2 prototypes of low humidity level generator (LHLG) allowed the calibration of the Picarro analyzers over a range of 200 to 2500 ppmv.Then, I analyzed the longest series of vapor and precipitation isotopic composition measurements ever performed in a polar region: 4.5 years continuously at 78°N in Svalbard. I showed that the water isotopic composition at this measurement site was unsignificantly influenced by local processes. Thanks to this, I was able to attribute the observed winter variability to synoptic events and thus assign a different isotopic signature to the air masses according to their origin (North Atlantic or Arctic).Finally, I installed the new calibration instrument (LHLG) built at the beginning of my PhD at Dumont D'Urville (DDU), on the coast in Terre Adélie. Thanks to this, the first continuous measurement campaign of the vapor isotopic composition at DDU initiated in January 2019 is still ongoing. I present here the first 22 months of this new record. This unique series makes possible to document the isotopic signature of the atmospheric hydrological cycle in Terre Adélie all year round. I have studied the influence of katabatic winds, sea ice and atmospheric rivers on the signal recorded in the vapor. These preliminary results open perspectives for the interpretation of recently drilled cores from the ASUMA program