Journal articles on the topic 'RobinHood'

Reading plays a very significant role in the teaching and learning of English as a Second or fereign Language ( ESL/ EFL ) in Junior High School. In fact, it is a mojor skill which has been tested for years in the National Final Examination. The questions which had appeared in the test are mostly testing the students’ reading comprehension ability. To succeed the test , the students should master five genres of monologue text and nine short functional texts. Consequently, teachers should provide them with reading comprehension strategies. This paper offers a strategy “ Inferring anaphoric & cataphoric” Reference with the theoretical assumption of “Think Aloud” through an activity called “ Robinhood” to provide students with a reading strategy to deal with one of the short functional text that is Reference Word. The activity of “Robinhood” will ease them when they are dealing with questions related with reference word.The activity leads students to learn in joyful atmoshere since while learning they also feel like playing a game. Considering the effectiveness of the learning activity, English language teachers are recommended to adopt it in their classes.

A digitális transzformáció átalakítja intézményeinket és azok szolgáltatásait, emellett hatással van arra, hogy a digitális eszközök és online platformok révén hogyan gondolkozunk, oldunk meg problémákat és működünk együtt. A társadalmi kezdeményezések platformot igényelnek, a technológia ezt különböző módon és mértékben képes támogatni. A digitális technológia térnyerése a közösségi együttműködés számára a Web 1-2-3.0-ás szolgáltatási szintjeihez kapcsolódva a 2000-es évektől új tereket nyitott, nagyrészt az internet hálózataira épülve. Tanulmányom a késő-modern médiakörnyezet platformjai kapcsán a társadalmi együttműködés online tereit vizsgálja a médiatudományi diskurzus alakulástörténetén keresztül. A közösségi együttműködés lehetséges példájaként a Reddit kisbefektetői közösségének tevékenységét elemzi, amely médiakutatói szempontból túlmutat a tőzsdei árfolyamok átmeneti változásain.

O Brasil vive um período de ascensão da extrema direita, liderada por Bolsonaro, com seu negacionismo, fundamentalismo e militarismo, com o fomento à violência e às discriminações a diversos grupos, inclusive contra a mulher. Os números de feminicídio e os índices de violência doméstica e de estupro de 2019 e 2020 são alarmantes. Este artigo propõe uma análise de discursos dos casos Robinho e Marcius Melhem, acusados de cometerem violências contra mulheres, com grande repercussão em 2020, por envolverem figuras públicas. O objetivo é analisar como os discursos de violência contra a mulher se fortalecem. A fundamentação teórica se calca nos conceitos de ideologia e dialogia dos estudos bakhtinianos, bem como nos estudos feministas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa-interpretativa fundada na dialética-dialógica, com uso de cotejo. A relevância social justifica a reflexão proposta. Os resultados confirmam que o reforço social naturaliza e incentiva atos de violência contra a mulher, que, de vítima, passa a algoz, e acirra desigualdades e violência de gênero.

O presente estudo descreve a corporeidade, a partir de seu signo, a ginga. Ginga como modo perceptivo e expressivo do sujeito cultural relacionar-se com o entorno brasileiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo documental, cuja técnica de coleta se deu por meio de recortes fotográficos (frame a frame) extraídos de duas situações videográficas distintas: drible no futebol e mandinga na dança. Caracterizou-se como questão norteadora do estudo: Quais as implicações educativas decorrentes da ginga brasileira no futebol e na dança? Os dois gestos descritos foram: no futebol, o drible de Robinho (Brasil x Equador, Maracanã/RJ, 2007) e na dança, uma performance de Antônio Nóbrega no espetáculo Lunário Perpétuo (2003). A análise do movimento foi dada a partir da labanálise (LMA), com seus fatores de movimento (tempo, espaço, peso e fluxo). Os resultados evidenciam que o gingado brasileiro pode ser desdobrado em implicações pedagógicas em termos de uma educação sensorial e multicultural.

<p>Abukosim, Mukhtaruddin, Ika Sasti Ferina and Claudya Nurcahaya. 2014. Ownership Structure and Firm Value : Empirical Study on Indonesia Manufacturing Listed Company. <em>Journal of Economic</em>. Vol. 5, No. 4.</p><p>Afzal, Arie. 2012. Pengaruh Keputusan Investasi, Keputusan Pendanaan, dan Kebijakan Dividen terhadap Nilai Perusahaan.<em>Skripsi Universitas Diponegoro</em>. Semarang. (tidak dipublikasikan)</p><p>Aries, Heru Prasetyo. 2011. Evaluasi Perusahaan. Jakarta Pusat. PPM.</p><p>Asmawati dan Lailatul Amanah. 2013. Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan, Keputusan Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan : Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Moderating. <em>Jurnal Ilmu dan Riset.</em>Vol. 2, No. 4.</p><p>Ashamu, S., Abiola, J., and Badmus, S. 2012. Dividend Policy as Strategic Tool of Financing in Public Firm : Evidence From Nigeria. <em>Europan Scientific Journal</em>. Vol. 8 No. 9. PP : 1-24.</p><p>Belkaoui, A.R. 2007. <em>Accounting Theory</em>. 5th Edition. Buku 2. Edisi Terjemahan. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.</p><p>Bernandhi, Riza. 2013. Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kepemilikan Institusional, Kebijakan Deviden, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. <em>Skripsi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Diponegoro</em>. (tidak dipublikasikan)</p><p>Brealey, R.A, Myers, S.C, Marcus, A.J.2008. <em>Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan Perusahaan Jilid I.</em>Jakarta : Erlangga.</p><p>Brigham &amp; Weston. 1998. <em>Dasar-dasar Manajemen Keuangan</em>. Terjemahan : Ali Akbar Yulianto. Jakarta : Salemba Empat.</p><p>Brigham, Eugene F. and Houston, Joel F. 2006. Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan, diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Yulianto.Edisi sepuluh. Jakarta : PT. Salemba Empat.</p><p>Brigham, Eugene F. and Houston, Joel F. 2007.<em>Essentials of Financial Management</em>. Singapore : Cengage Learning.</p><p>Dewi, Putu Yunita Saputri, Gede Adi Yuniarta dan Ananta Wikrama Tungga Atmadja.2014. Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan. <em>Jurnal Akuntansi</em>. Vol. 2 No. 1.</p><p>Downes, John and Jordan Elliot Goodman,1999, Kamus Istilah Akuntansi, Jakarta, Penerbit Elex Media Komputindo.</p><p>Efni, Yulia. 2011. Pengaruh Keputusan Investasi, Keputusan Pendanaan, Kebijakan Dividen terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Studi pada Sektor Properti dan Real Estate di Bursa Efek Indonesia. <em>Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen</em> : No. 66B/DIKTI/KEP/2011.</p><p>Faizal, Achmad.2011.Pengaruh Kebijakan Dividen, Struktur Kepemilikan dan Biaya Agensi terhadap Harga Saham.</p><p>Gultom, Robinhot dkk. 2013. Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Farmasi di Bursa Efek Indonesia. <em>Jurnal Ekonomi</em>. Vol. 3 No. 1.</p><p>Ghozali, Imam. 2012. <em>Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program SPSS</em>. Semarang : Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.</p><p>Gill, Amarjit. and Obradovich, John D. 2012. The Impact of Corporate Governance and Financial Leverage on the Value of American Firms. International Research <em>Journal of Finance and Economics</em>. PP : 91.</p><p>Harjito, Agus dan Martono. 2006. <em>Manajemen Keuangan</em>. Yogyakarta : Ekonisia.</p><p>Harqiansyah, Rizqi Faisal. 2015. Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage dan Proftabilitas terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. <em>Jurnal Akuntansi</em>. (tidak dipublikasikan)</p><p>Hasnawati, Sri. 2015. Implikasi Struktur Modal dan Kepemilikan Saham Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Publik di Bursa Efek Indonesia. <em>Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia</em>.Vol. 9, No. 2.</p><p>Husnan,S.dan Pudjiastusti.2006.<em>Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan</em>. Edisi Keempat. Yogyakarta : AMP YKPN.</p><p>Honarbakhsh, S., Birjandi, H., and Birjandi M. 2013.The Effects of Dividend Policy on Market Value on Companies Listed In Tehran Stock Exchange. <em>International Review of Managementand Business Research</em>. Vol. 1, No. 1. PP : 65-75.</p><p>Irawan, Arif, Rina Arifati dan Abrar Oemar. 2016. Pengaruh Aset Berwujud, Ukuran Perusahaan, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan, Lama Perusahaan dan Probabilitas terhadap Kebijakan Hutang pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode Tahun 2010-2014. <em>Jurnal Akuntansi</em>. Vol. 2 No. 2.</p><p>Irvaniawati. 2014. Analisis Pengaruh Kebijakan Hutang, Kebijakan Investasi, dan Kebijakan Deviden Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. <em>Jurnal Ilmu dan Riset Manajemen.</em>Vol. 3, No. 6.</p><p>Jensen, M.C. and Meckling, W.H. 1976. Theory of the Firm : Mangerial Behavior, Agency Cost, and Ownership Structur. <em>Journal of Financial Economics</em>. Vol. 76, PP. 305-360.</p><p>Jogiyanto. 2013. <em>Teori Portofolio dan Analisis Investasi</em>. Edisi Ketujuh. Yogyakarta : BPFEE.</p><p>Kumar, S., Anjum B. and Nayyar S. 2012. Financing Decisions : Study of Pharmaceutical Companies of India. <em>International Journal of Marketing</em>, <em>Financial Services and Management Research</em>. Vol. 1 No. 1. PP. 14-28.</p><p>Kusumajaya, Dewa Kadek Oka. 2011. Pengaruh Struktur Modal dan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan terhadap Profitabilitas dan Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia. <em>Tesis Universitas Udayana</em>.</p><p>Kouki, Mondher and Hatem ben Said. 2011. Does Management Ownership Explain The Effect of Leverage on Firm Value? An Analysis of French Listed Firms. <em>Journal of Bussiness Studies Quarterly</em>. Vol. 3, No. 1.</p><p>Mandagi, S.E.A. 2010. Pengaruh Keputusan Keuangan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2008-2010.<em>Jurnal Bisnis.</em> Hal : 28-32.</p><p>Marhamah.2013. Pengaruh Manajemen Laba, Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Corporate Sosial Responsibility dan Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2007-2010. <em>Jurnal STIE Semarang</em>. Vol. 5, No. 3.</p><p>Moeljadi. 2006.<em>Manajemen Keuangan Pendekatan Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. </em>Edisi Pertama. Malang : Banyumedia Publishing.</p><p>Moradi, Nassim S., Aldin, Mahmood M., Heyrani, F., and Iranmhad, M. 2012. The Effect of Corporate Governance, Corporate Financing Decision and Ownership Structure on Firm Performance: A Panel Data Approach from Tehran Stock Exchange. <em>International Journal of Economics and Finance</em>. Vol. 4, No. 9. PP : 86-93.</p><p>Nabela, Yoandhika.2012. Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Kebijakan Dividen, dan Profitabilitas terhadap Kebijakan Hutang pada Perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate di Bursa Efek Indonesia.<em>Jurnal Manajemen</em>. Vol. 01, No. 01.</p><p>Nuraina, Elva. 2012. Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Kebijakan Hutang dan Nilai Perusahaan. <em>Jurnal Ekonomi</em>. Vol.19 No. 2.</p><p>Pratama, I Gusti Bagus Angga dan I Gusti Bagus Wiksuana. 2016. Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan dan <em>Leverage</em> terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Mediasi. <em>Jurnal Manajemen</em>. Vol. 5 No. 2.</p><p>Priyo, Estetika Maulida. 2013. Analisis Pengaruh Return on Asset, Debt to Equty Ratio, Firm Size, Growth dan Free Cash Flow terhadap Dividen Payout Ratio studi empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2008-2011. <em>Disertasi Univesitas Diponegoro Semarang. </em></p><p>Ratih, I Dewa Ayu dan I Gusti Ayu Eka Damayanthi. 2016. Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Profitabilitas pada Nilai Perusahaan dengan Pengungkapan Tanggungjawab Sosial sebagai Variabel Moderasi.<em>Jurnal Akuntansi</em>.Universitas Udayana.</p><p>Rizqia, Dwita A., Aisjah S., and Sumiati.2013. Effect of Managerial Ownership, Financial Leverage, Profitability, Firm Size and Investment Opportunity on Dividend Policy and Firm Value. <em>Research Journal of Finance and Accounting</em>. Vol. 4, No. 11. PP 120-130.</p><p>Roekanah dan Paulus Wardoyo. 2012. Analisis Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Go Public yang terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Jakarta. <em>Jurnal Dinamika Manajeman</em>.Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2012.</p><p>Safitri, Hazlina. 2015. Pengaruh Size, Growth, dengan Kebijakan Dividen sebagai Variabel Moderating terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. <em>Jurnal Manajemen</em>.Vol.4 No.6</p><p>Samisi, Komang dan Putu Agus Ardiana. 2013. Pengaruh Struktur Pendanaan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Kepemilikan Manajerial sebagai Variabel Moderasi<em>. Jurnal Akuntansi</em>.Vol. 5 No. 2.</p><p>Sartini, Luh Putu Novita dkk. 2014. Pengaruh Keputusan Investasi, Kebijakan Dividen, serta Keputusan Pendanaan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia<em>. Jurnal Manajemen</em>. Vol. 8 No.2.</p><p>Sartono, Agus. 2001. Manajemen Keuangan Teori dan Aplikasi. Yogyakarta : BPEF.</p><p>Sawir, Agnes. 2004. <em>Kebijakan Pendanaan dan Restrukturisasi Perusahaan</em>. Jakarta : PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.</p><p>Sugiarto. 2009. <em>Struktur Modal, Struktur Kepemilikan Perusahaan, Permasalahan Keagenan dan Informasi Asimetri. </em>Yogyakarta : Graha Ilmu.</p><p>Sugiyono.2014. <em>Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&amp;D</em>. Bandung : Alfabeta.</p><p>Suryani, Milanti Vivi. 2015. Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Perusahaan dan Struktur Modal terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. <em>Skripsi Unversitas Negeri Sem</em>arang. (tidak dipublikasikan)</p><p>Uwigbe, Uwalomwa et al. 2012. Dividend Policy and Firm Performances : A Study of Listed Firm in Nigeria. <em>Journal of</em> <em>Accounting and Management Information Systems</em>. Vol. 11 No. 3. PP : 442-454.</p><p>Verawaty, Citra Indah Merina, dan Irra Kurniawati. 2016. Analisis Pengembangan <em>Corporate Value</em> berdasarkan Keputusan Investasi dan Pendanaan, Struktur Kepemilikan, serta Kewajiban Dividen Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. <em>Jurnal Akuntansi</em>. Vol. 1 No. 1.</p><p>Wolk <em>et. al</em>. 2000. <em>Accounting Theory</em>: A Conceptual Institusional Approach. Fifth Edition.</p>

It is widely claimed that financial technology democratizes financial access and promotes financial inclusion. This paper challenges this dominant narrative of financial technology using the popular US-based mobile investing platform Robinhood as a case study. Analyzing press articles on Robinhood and regulatory filings of online brokerages, the concepts of financial infrastructures and platforms are used to unpack the capitalist logics that drive the platform business model. Specifically, this paper shows how digital interface design plays a central role in Robinhood's articulation of investors into the stock markets, through its simple, minimalist app that keeps users engaged by the productive management of ‘frictions’. The ease of investing via platform-based brokerages has seen investors taking on greater amounts of risk. This paper argues that Robinhood's success is driven by the continued expansion of its user base using various interface design techniques. This allows platform capitalism to be enacted by extracting rent through various revenue streams, where higher rents are derived from more frequent and riskier trading behaviors. The narrative of democratizing finance as employed widely in the financial technology sector thus obscures the capitalist logics and predatory practices that underlie financial technology.

The last few years have seen a rise in trading apps, and Robinhood is one trading app that has attracted millennials. This paper explores trading apps such as Robinhood and their role in providing financial inclusion and safe trading opportunities. This paper discusses investment behavior in the status quo, explaining overconfidence, sociability, and the disposition effect. Investment behavior can include the behavioral biases and common notions investors utilize for trading. Furthermore, this paper assesses the design and business model of Robinhood. Five expert investors were interviewed (such as a professor and other MBA graduates from Wharton School of Business, financial experts from private equity firms in the US and Mexico, and a JP Morgan investment banking professional), and five casual investors were interviewed to understand their opinions on investment behavior, certain trading apps, common criticisms of stock trading, and solutions to these concerns. The findings led to the conclusion that investment behavior is harmful in the status quo. Results did indicate that Robinhood does promote at least some dangerous behavior through excessive active trading and is one example of a problematic trading app through the 4th Industrial Revolution, but trading apps can only amplify behavioral biases most retail investors already display.

This Article examines the regulatory goals of creating “fair, orderly, and efficient” securities markets in light of the recent issues involving trading in the shares of GameStop Corp. (GME) through the broker-dealer firm Robinhood Financial LLC. The GameStop/Robinhood saga casts significant doubt on the notion that the SEC is achieving its goal of maintaining fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitating capital formation. Moreover, the saga provides further support for the view that market forces tend to make securities markets fairer, where fairness is defined as investors “getting what they pay for,” rather than as investors “beating the market” by earning abnormal returns. Further, market processes tend to make markets more efficient, while regulation tends to make markets less efficient. Finally, it appears that regulation tends to further the interests of Wall Street elites over the interests of ordinary investors.

In January 2021, GameStop and AMC, stocks with no discernable reason for an increase in value, rose abruptly in price. This was soon understood as the result of manipulation by members of the r/WallStreetBets subreddit. While individualized stock trading is often framed as equalizing the playing field, everyday people remain second-class participants in the stock market, which quickly became clear as trading was suspended on stocks the Redditors targeted. Backlash against this decision played out across platforms. We argue that this incident is the inevitable result of treating platforms (and economics) through the lens of gaming and trolling. The first key issue in the r/WallStreetBets incident was content moderation, as the Robinhood trading app stopped the trading, the subreddit the traders used to organize went private, and the corresponding Discord server was banned. The second important factor in this incident was coordinated inauthentic action, as thwarted traders immediately turned to the app store and targeted Robinhood with a review bombing campaign. Third, while the popular response to the r/WallStreetBets saga was frequently celebratory, seeing their actions as a challenge to capitalism and evidence of progressive politics, longstanding tropes associating Jewish people with capital, meant that Redditors’ anti-capitalism slid easily into anti-Semitism. Ultimately, many of the patterns of the Reddit stock incident locate it in a long history of coordinated internet action steeped in toxic technocultures. However, the expansion of these practices into taking direct action on economic systems worth billions of dollars is new and calls for rigorous attention

Using minute-by-minute TV advertising data covering some 300 firms, 327,000 ads, and $20 billion in ad spending, we study the real-time effects of TV advertising on investors’ searches for online financial information and subsequent trading activity. Our identification strategy exploits the fact that viewers in different U.S. time zones are exposed to the same programming and national advertising at different times, allowing us to control for contemporaneous confounding events. We find that an average TV ad leads to a 3% increase in EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval) system queries and an 8% increase in Google searches for financial information within 15 minutes of the airing of that ad. These searches translate into larger trading volume on the advertiser’s stock, driven primarily by retail investors. The findings on retail investor ad-induced trading are corroborated with hourly data from Robinhood, a popular retail trading platform. We also show that ads induce searches and trading of companies other than the advertiser, including of close rivals. Altogether, our findings suggest that advertising originally intended for consumers has a nonnegligible effect on financial markets. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.

Robinho Santana nasceu e cresceu em Diadema, São Paulo e hoje é artista visual, pesquisador e músico experimental, com formação acadêmica em Design e Fotografia. Seu trabalho dialoga com o dever compulsório de exprimir a sua relação com a vida e a cultura de seu povo. Em suas obras além de se reconhecer, busca a representação plural e digna da mulher e do homem negros periféricos, tornando-os protagonistas em sua arte.

From 1925-1929, the popular social movement of "Emperor" Flor Intrencherado in Western Visayas gained notoriety within the press local. The Iloilo-based local newspaper, the Makinaugalingon, extensively covered the movement in their press release articles. The newspaper, unsurprisingly, recreated a picture of Intrencherado and his followers in a language of ridicule, dismissing the movement and identifying its leader as a lunatic and insane despite the locality of the press. This, in turn, marginalized the movement, its goals, and objectives, as well as the leader, "Emperor" Flor Intrencherado. The goal of this study is to present, review, and analyze the different representations the local press created with the “infamous” peasant movement and give the context in which similar social movements could be understood. References Primary Materials El Tiempo. Microfilm. Information Services and Instruction Section, University of the Philippines Main Library. Quezon City. The issue used: August 8, 1907 Makinaugalingon. Microfilm. Information Services and Instruction Section, University of the Philippines Main Library. Quezon City. Various Issues used. Manila Times. Microfilm. Information Services and Instruction Section, University of the Philippines Main Library. Quezon City. Various Issues used. Philippines Free Press. Microfilm. Information Services and Instruction Section, University of the Philippines Main Library. Quezon City. Various Issues used. Works Cited Acevedo, Christian George. “Rosendo Mejica, the Golden Age of the Hiligaynon Literature and the Vernacularization of Jose Rizal’s Novels.” AGATHOS: An International Review of the Humanities and Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (2020): 107–18. Adamkiewicz, Andrei. “The Legitimating Aspects of Colonial Discourse.” In Culture and Texts: Representations of Philippine Society, edited by Raul Pertierra and Eduardo Ugarte, 155-176. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1994. Aguilar, Filomeno. Clash of Spirits: The History of Power and Sugar Planter Hegemony on a Visayan Island. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1998. Aguilar, Filomeno Jr. “Masonic Myths and Revolutionary Feats in Negros Occidental.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 28, no. 2 (September 1997): 285–300. Alayon, John Richard. “The Empire of Flor Yntrencherado: A Study of Anti-Colonial Resistance.” Undergraduate Research, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, 1999. Bankoff, Greg. "Bandits, Banditry, and Landscapes of Crime in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 29, no. 2 (September 1998): 319–39. Baumgartner, Joseph. "Newspapers as Historical Sources." Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 9, no. 3 (September 1981): 256–58. Borrinaga, George Emmanuel. “Seven Churches: The Pulahan Movement in Leyte, 1902-1907.” Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 43, no. 1/2 (2015): 1–139. Braünlein, Peter. "Who Defines 'the Popular'? Post-Colonial Discourses on National Identity and Popular Christianity in the Philippines." In Religion, Tradition and the Popular: Transcultural Views from Asia and Europe, edited by Judith Schlehe and Evamaria Sandkühler, 75–111. History in Popular Cultures. Bielefeld, 2014. Constantino, Renato. The Philippines: A Past Revisited. Quezon City: Tala Publications Inc., 1975. Fernandez, Doreen. “The Philippine Press System: 1811-1989.” Philippine Studies 37, no. 3 (1989): 317–44. Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. Translated by Richard Howard. Vintage Books Edition. New York: Random House, Inc., 1988. Funtecha, Henry. “The Making of a ‘Queen City’: The Case of Iloilo 1890s-1930s.” Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 20, no. 2/3 (September 1992): 107–32. Goh, Daniel. “Postcolonial Disorientations: Colonial Ethnography and the Vectors of the Philippine Nation in the Imperial Frontier.” Postcolonial Studies 11, no. 3 (2008): 259–76. Guerrero, Milagros. “The Colorum Uprisings, 1924-1931.” Asian Studies 5, no. 1 (1967): 65–78. Holt, Elizabeth Mary. Colonizing Filipinas: Nineteenth-Century Representations of the Philippines in Western Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2002. Ileto, Reynaldo. Filipinos and Their Revolution: Event, Discourse, and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1998.__________. Pasyon and Revolution: Popular Movements in the Philippines, 1840-1910. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1979. Kaufmann, John. Kapulúngan Binisayá-Ininglís. Iloilo: La Editorial, 1935. https://www.gutenberg.ph/previews/kaufmann/KVED-Body.pdf. Lanternari, Vittorio. “Nativistic and Socio-Religious Movements: A Reconsideration.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 16, no. 4 (September 1974): 483–503. Larkin, John. Sugar and the Origins of Modern Philippine Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Madrid, Randy, and Joefe Santarita. “Montor: Iloilo’s Robinhood and Reluctant Revolutionary.” In The Struggle Against the Spaniards and the Americans in Western Visayas: Papers on the 1st and 2nd Conferences on the West Visayan Phase of the Philippine Revolution, edited by Henry Funtecha and Melanie Jalandoni Padilla, 129-135. Iloilo: UP in the Visayas Centennial Committee, 1998. Magos, Alicia P. “Birdin: Bukidnon (Sulod) Revolutionary Hero.” In The Struggle Against the Spaniards and the Americans in Western Visayas: Papers on the 1st and 2nd Conferences on the West Visayan Phase of the Philippine Revolution, edited by Henry Funtecha and Melanie Jalandoni Padilla, 125-128. Iloilo: UP in the Visayas Centennial Committee, 1998. __________. The Enduring Ma-Aram Tradition: An Ethnography of a Kinaray-a Village in Antique. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1992. Marco, Sophia. “Dios-Dios in the Visayas.” Philippine Studies 49, no. 1 (2001): 42–77. McCoy, Alfred. “A Queen Dies Slowly: The Rise and Decline of Iloilo City.” In Philippine Social History: Global Trade and Local Transformations, edited by Alfred McCoy and Edilberto de Jesus, 297–358. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1982. __________. “Baylan: Animist Religion and Philippine Peasant Ideology.” Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 10, no. 3 (September 1982): 141–94. __________. “Sugar Barons: Formation of a Native Planter Class in the Colonial Philippines.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 19, no. 3–4 (1992): 106–41. Oosterwal, Gottfried. “Messianic Movements.” Philippine Sociological Review 16, no. 1 (1968): 40–50. Pertierra, Raul. “Philippine Studies and the New Ethnography.” In Cultures and Texts: Representations of Philippine Society, edited by Raul Pertierra and Eduardo Ugarte, 121–37. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1994. Rafael, Vicente. White Love and Other Events in Filipino History. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000. Spivak, Gayatri. “Can the Subaltern Speak?” In Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, edited by Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg, 271–313. London: MacMillan Education LTD, 1988. Sturtevant, David. “Guardia de Honor: Revitalization with the Revolution.” Asian Studies 4, no. 2 (1966): 342–52. Tan, Samuel K. A History of the Philippines. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1995. Reprint, 2012. Vergara, Benito Jr. Displaying Filipinos: Photography and Colonialism in Early 20th Century Philippines. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1995. Other References Arellano Law Foundation. The LawPhil Project. https://www.lawphil.net/ Cruz-Lucero, Rosario, Doreen Fernandez, John Barrios, and Jeffrey Yap. “Ilonggo.” Our Islands, Our People: The Histories and Cultures of the Filipino Nation (blog), 2018. https://ourislandsourpeople.wordpress.com/ilonggo/. Hudtohan, Emiliano. “Makinaugalingon Advocacy of Rosendo Mejica.” Dr. Emiliano Hudtohan (blog), July 23, 2014. http://emilianohudtohan.com/makinaugalingon-advocacy-of-rosendo-mejica/. Lagos, Joy, and Nazaria Lagos. "Remembering Don Rosendo Mejica." The News Today Online Edition, March 12, 2007. http://www.thenewstoday.info/2007/03/12/remembering.don.rosendo.mejica.html. Lua, Shirley. “Rediscovering the Rosendo Mejica Museum in Molo, Iloilo.” Lifestyle Inquirer, January 4, 2016. https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/218350/rediscovering-the-rosendo-mejica-museum-in-molo-iloilo/.