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Journal articles on the topic 'Robotic spot welding'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Deniz, Cengiz, and Mustafa Cakir. "In-line stereo-camera assisted robotic spot welding quality control system." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 45, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-06-2017-0117.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to design a robotic inline measurement system for spot welding quality control to achieve process requirement without any operator during the manufacturing flow. Design/methodology/approach A robot manipulator carries a stereo-camera and an ultrasonic control probe. The center position of the spot welding point is determined by evaluating the results of the edge, gradient and symmetry approaches from the methods proposed up to now in the literature to increase reliability. The center position of the spot welding point, determined in the camera reference plane, is transferred to the robot base plane coordinates with the hand–eye calibration proposed in this manuscript. Weld quality is checked by the ultrasonic test probe located at the spot welding point. Findings While operators can only control welding quality, the developed station can also evaluate the quality based on geometric accuracy by processing the deviation of the position of the spot welding points. The proposed calibration method and the results of other methods in the literature are presented in this study by comparing it with synthetic data in simulations and in practical application. Research limitations/implications The quality control is performed not only for the spot welding made with robots but also for the manual welds as well. Because of vision configuration, and reliability issues, maximum allowable offset by the correct spot position is limited to 20 mm to position the manipulator for testing. The installation and pretest works of the developed robotic welding quality control station are completed in the Body Shop Area of Ford Otosan factory in Kocaeli/Turkey. The results of the robotic control process are monitored by the quality assurance team. Integration of automation with the production line will be completed and an inline measurement will be done. Originality value In this paper, a new hand–eye calibration method based on simple and closed-form analytical solutions has been presented. The objective function is defined as reducing the deviation in the point projection, rather than reducing the error in the calibration equation. To increase reliability, combining the results of existing centering algorithms for the detection of the strongly deformed spot welding spot center, although it is normally in a circular form, has been suggested.
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2

Borys, Szymon. "Analysis of tool vibrations during robotic spot welding process." Mechanik, no. 7 (July 2016): 646–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2016.7.107.

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3

Mechefske, C. K., and C. Zeng. "Opportunistic electrode replacement in a robotic spot welding system." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 19, no. 5 (July 2006): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09511920500399284.

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4

Sachan, Deepak, Avinash Patil, and Subrata Biswas. "Automatic Spot Welding of Ventilation Spacers on Lamination Sheet Using Robotic Work Cell." International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 5, no. 1 (February 2017): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmmm.2017.5.1.288.

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5

Suzuki, Reiichi, and Chin Ryo. "Aluminum-steel dissimilar robotic arc spot welding with auxiliary insert." Welding in the World 63, no. 6 (August 21, 2019): 1733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40194-019-00795-0.

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6

Lopes, Thiago Cantos, C. G. S. Sikora, Rafael Gobbi Molina, Daniel Schibelbain, L. C. A. Rodrigues, and Leandro Magatão. "Balancing a robotic spot welding manufacturing line: An industrial case study." European Journal of Operational Research 263, no. 3 (December 2017): 1033–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.06.001.

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7

Zhang, Qiang, and Ming-Yong Zhao. "Minimum time path planning of robotic manipulator in drilling/spot welding tasks." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 3, no. 2 (November 14, 2015): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2015.10.004.

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Abstract In this paper, a minimum time path planning strategy is proposed for multi points manufacturing problems in drilling/spot welding tasks. By optimizing the travelling schedule of the set points and the detailed transfer path between points, the minimum time manufacturing task is realized under fully utilizing the dynamic performance of robotic manipulator. According to the start-stop movement in drilling/spot welding task, the path planning problem can be converted into a traveling salesman problem (TSP) and a series of point to point minimum time transfer path planning problems. Cubic Hermite interpolation polynomial is used to parameterize the transfer path and then the path parameters are optimized to obtain minimum point to point transfer time. A new TSP with minimum time index is constructed by using point-point transfer time as the TSP parameter. The classical genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to obtain the optimal travelling schedule. Several minimum time drilling tasks of a 3-DOF robotic manipulator are used as examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Highlights In this paper, an optimization strategy is proposed for solving minimum time manufacturing path planning in multi points manufacturing tasks. According to the start-stop movement in drilling/spot welding task, the path planning problem is converted into a traveling salesman problem (TSP) and a series of point to point minimum time transfer path planning problems. Cubic Hermite interpolation polynomial is used to parameterize the transfer path and then the path parameters are optimized to obtain minimum point to point transfer time. A new TSP with minimum time index is constructed and then solved by using a classical genetic algorithm (GA). Numerical test is executed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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8

Lakshmi Balasubramaniam, Guruvignesh, Enkhsaikhan Boldsaikhan, Shintaro Fukada, Mitsuo Fujimoto, and Kenichi Kamimuki. "Effects of Refill Friction Stir Spot Weld Spacing and Edge Margin on Mechanical Properties of Multi-Spot-Welded Panels." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 4, no. 2 (June 7, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4020055.

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Refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) is an emerging technology for joining aerospace aluminum alloys. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of the refill friction stir spot weld spacing and the edge margin on the mechanical properties of multi-spot-welded AA7075-T6 panels. AA7075-T6 is a baseline aerospace aluminum alloy used in aircraft structures. The study employs an innovative robotic RFSSW system that is designed and developed by Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI). The experimental strategy uses Design of Experiments (DoE) to characterize the failure loads of multi-spot-welded panels in terms of the spot weld spacing, edge margin, and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the spot weld. The RFSSW process leaves behind a thermal “imprint” as HAZ in heat-treatable aluminum alloys. According to the DoE results, larger spot weld spacings with no HAZ overlap produce higher failure loads of multi-spot-welded panels. On the other hand, edge margins that are equal to or less than the spot weld diameter demonstrate abnormal plastic deformations, such as workpiece edge swelling and weld crown dents, during the RFSSW process. The larger edge margins do not demonstrate such abnormal deformations during the welding process.
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9

Hajduk, Mikuláš, Ján Semjon, and Marek Vagaš. "Design of the Welding Fixture for the Robotic Stations for Spot Welding Based on the Modular Concept." Acta Mechanica Slovaca 13, no. 3 (October 31, 2009): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10147-010-0044-y.

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10

Singh, Puran, Anil Kumar, and Mahesh Vashisth. "Design of a Robotic Arm with Gripper & End Effector for Spot Welding." Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering 1, no. 3 (October 2013): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2013.010303.

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11

Xia, Yu-Jun, Lang Zhou, Yan Shen, Diana M. Wegner, Amberlee S. Haselhuhn, Yong-Bing Li, and Blair E. Carlson. "Online measurement of weld penetration in robotic resistance spot welding using electrode displacement signals." Measurement 168 (January 2021): 108397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108397.

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12

Ovy, Enaiyat Ghani, Shah Muhammad Ferdous, Mohammad Rokonuzzaman, and Nurul Absar Chowdhury. "Design and Implementation of an Articulated Robotic Arm for Precise Positioning." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1972–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1972.

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This project is intended to design an articulated robotic arm which could locate a point in space with its given coordinates at three degrees of freedom. The basic three rotary movements are base rotation, first and second arm swivel. With different payload capability and design, the robot can be employed in various industrial applications including spot welding, assembling, cutting, material handling and many more. The mechanical structure is designed and a physical setup is developed for which a microcontroller based control circuit is designed for the purpose of control. This paper is focused mainly on the mechanical design of the structure. An elaborate analytic description of the components and tools is presented with necessary specifications. This structure is very flexible and has the ability to reach over obstructions. It can achieve different positions and orientations with in the working envelop.
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13

Alghannam, Lu, Ma, Cheng, Gonzalez, Zang, and Li. "A Novel Method of Using Vision System and Fuzzy Logic for Quality Estimation of Resistance Spot Welding." Symmetry 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11080990.

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Finding a reliable quality inspection system of resistance spot welding (RSW) has become a very important issue in the automobile industry. In this study, improvement in the quality estimation of the weld nugget’s surface on the car underbody is introduced using image processing methods and training a fuzzy inference system. Image segmentation, mathematical morphology (dilation and erosion), flood fill operation, least-squares fitting curve and some other new techniques such as location and value based selection of pixels are used to extract new geometrical characteristics from the weld nugget’s surface such as size and location, shape, and the numbers and areas of all side expulsions, peaks and troughs inside and outside the fusion zone. Topography of the weld nugget’s surface is created and shown as a 3D model based on the extracted geometrical characteristics from each spot. Extracted data is used to define input fuzzy functions for training a fuzzy logic inference system. Fuzzy logic rules are adopted based on knowledge database. The experiments are conducted on a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) robotic arm with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to collect pictures of various RSW locations on car underbodies. The results conclude that the estimation of the 3D model of the weld’s surface and weld’s quality can reach higher accuracy based on our proposed methods.
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14

Younes, Dima, Essa Alghannam, Yuegang Tan, and Hong Lu. "Enhancement in Quality Estimation of Resistance Spot Welding Using Vision System and Fuzzy Support Vector Machine." Symmetry 12, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081380.

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The current nondestructive testing methods such as ultrasonic, magnetic, or eddy current signals, and even the existing image processing methods, present certain challenges and show a lack of flexibility in building an effective and real-time quality estimation system of the resistance spot welding (RSW). This paper provides a significant improvement in the theory and practices for designing a robotized inspection station for RSW at the car manufacturing plants using image processing and fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM). The weld nuggets’ positions on each of the used car underbody models are detected mathematically. Then, to collect perfect pictures of the weld nuggets on each of these models, the required end-effector path is planned in real-time by establishing the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) model and solving the forward and inverse kinematics models of the used six-degrees of freedom (6-DOF) robotic arm. After that, the most frequent resistance spot-welding failure modes are reviewed. Improved image processing methods are employed to extract new features from the elliptical-shaped weld nugget’s surface and obtain a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction model of the weld’s surface. The extracted artificial data of thousands of samples of the weld nuggets are divided into three groups. Then, the FSVM learning algorithm is formed by applying the fuzzy membership functions to each group. The improved image processing with the proposed FSVM method shows good performance in classifying the failure modes and dealing with the image noise. The experimental results show that the improvement of comprehensive automatic real-time quality evaluation of RSW surfaces is meaningful: the quality estimation could be processed within 0.5 s in very high accuracy.
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15

Korzeniowski, Marcin, Agnieszka Domińczuk, Jakub Jurenc, and Tomasz Piwowarczyk. "The Use of Video Systems in the Automatic Evaluation of Electrode Wear in a Robotic Spot Resistance Welding Station." Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa 2018, no. 5 (2018): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2018.5/13.

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16

Maielli, Giuliano. "Spot-Welding Technology and the Development of Robotics at Fiat, 1972-87: A Case of Managerial Discontinuity?" Business History 47, no. 1 (January 2005): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0007679042000267497.

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17

Górka, Jacek, Andrzej Ozgowicz, and Kamil Matusek. "Robotic Spot Welding of DOCOL 1200M Steel." Welding Technology Review 91, no. 4 (June 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26628/wtr.v91i4.1007.

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The paper presents robotic spot resistance welding technologies for DOCOL 1200M steel with a thickness of 1.8 mm. DOCOL 1200M steel with a martensitic structure is intended mainly for the production of car bumpers, side beams and other elements ensuring the safety of the user of motor vehicles. The test joints were made on a robotic station equipped with a KUKA KR180 robot and a welding from ARO. The obtained welded joints were subjected to macro and microscopic metallographic tests, hardness measurement and strength tests. It has been shown that for properly selected resistance spot welding, DOCOL 1200M steel joints with a satisfactory strength level can be obtained.
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18

Vallachira, Sathish, Mikael Norrlof, Michal Orkisz, and Sachit Butail. "A Transfer Entropy Based Approach for Fault Isolation in Industrial Robots." ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control 2, no. 1 (July 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4051565.

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Abstract In this paper, we cast the problem of fault isolation in industrial robots as that of causal analysis within coupled dynamical processes and evaluate the related efficacy of the information-theoretic approach of transfer entropy. To create a realistic and exhaustive dataset, we simulate wear-induced failure by increasing friction coefficient on select axes within an in-house robotic simulation tool that incorporates an elastic gearbox model. The source axis of failure is identified as one which has the highest net transfer entropy across all pairs of axes. In an exhaustive simulation study, we vary the friction successively in each axis across three common industrial tasks: pick and place, spot welding, and arc welding. Our results show that transfer entropy-based approach is able to detect the axis of failure more than 80% of the time when the friction coefficient is 5% above the nominal value and always when friction coefficient is 10% above the nominal value. The transfer entropy approach is more than twice as accurate as cross-correlation, a classical time series analysis used to identify directional dependence among processes.
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19

Kulińska, Ewa, Dariusz Masłowski, Małgorzata Dendera-Gruszka, Lilianna Wojtynek, and Konstanty Szeląg. "Production Automation as A Factor in Improving Product Quality in The Automotive Industry." Journal of Innovation and Business Best Practice, September 21, 2020, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5171/2020.831308.

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The automation of production is an important element in the functioning of any production enterprise. The aim of this article is to analyze the quality of the product made manually with the use of spot-welding machines and to analyze the quality of the product made by the industrial robot type "Fanuc Robotics S-420i". The analyzed product was the front panel of the body, made of semi-finished products in the spot-welding process. During the analysis, the impact of production automation on the product quality was found. Applications of the robotized welding process are used not only because of better quality parameters, but also because of the significant reduction of production costs and less fatigue of employees. The robot operator is a quality controller and contributes to quality management.
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20

Banga, Harish Kumar, Parveen Kalra, Raman Kumar, Sunpreet Singh, and Catalin I. Pruncu. "Optimization of the cycle time of robotics resistance spot welding for automotive applications." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Processing 3, no. 3 (May 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amp2.10084.

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