Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Robots – Mouvements'
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Malti, Abed Choaïb. "Planification et exécution de mouvements référencés sur des amers." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30236.
Full textRobot motion execution is a difficult task, mainly, because of the high complexity of the path planning problem and the inaccuracy of the map of the environment used to plan the. During the past fifteen years, solutions have been proposed to solve the path planning problem for simple or complex kinematic systems. Our work deals with the second issue. The generic approach we propose aims at producing motion features composed of a reference trajectory and a set of sensor-landmark pairs. These motion features define along the planned trajectory closed-loop motion strategies for the robot. These strategies have to take into account obstacles that represent a danger of collision and landmarks that yield a good localization. Experimental results on-board mobile robot Hilare 2 towing a trailer validate our approach
Narsipura, Sreeniva Manish. "Modélisation du mouvement humain pour la génération de mouvements de robots humanoïdes." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538705.
Full textDavid, Anthony. "Etablissement de critères analytiques pour la propulsion de systèmes marcheurs : application à l'initiation de la marche du robot bipède Rabbit." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2021.
Full textCohen-Lhyver, Benjamin. "Modulation de mouvements de tête pour l'analyse multimodale d'un environnement inconnu." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066574/document.
Full textThe exploration of an unknown environement by a mobile robot is a vast research domain aiming at understanding and implementing efficient, fast and relevant exploration models. However, since the 80s, exploration is no longer restricted to the sole determination of topography a space: to the spatial component has been coupled a semantic one of the explored world. Indeed, in addition to the physical characteristics of the environment — walls, obstacles, usable paths or not, entrances and exits — allowing the robot to create its own internal representation of the world through which it can move in it, exist dynamic components such as the apparition of audiovisual events. These events are of high importance for they can modulate the robot's behavior through their location in space — topographic aspect — and the information they carry — semantic aspect. Although impredictible by nature (since the environment is unknown) all these events are not of equal importance: some carry valuable information for the robot's exploration task, some don't. Following the work on intrinsic motivations to explore an unknown environment, and being rooted in neurological phenomenons, this thesis work consisted in the elaboration of the Head Turning Modulation (HTM) model aiming at giving to a robot capable of head movements, the ability to determine the relative importance of the apparition of an audioivsual event. This "importance" has been formalized through the notion of Congruence which is mainly inspired from (i) Shannon's entropy, (ii) the Mismatch Negativity phenomenon, and (iii) the Reverse Hierarchy Theory. The HTM model, created within the Two!Ears european project, is a learning paradigm based on (i) an auto-supervision (the robot decides when it is necessary or not to learn), (ii) a real-time constraint (the robot learns and reacts as soon as data is perceived), and (iii) an absence of prior knowledge about the environment (there is no "truth" to learn, only the reality of the environment to explore). This model, integrated in the overal Two!Ears framework, has been entirely implemented in a mobile robot with binocular vision and binaural audition. The HTM model thus gather the traditional approach of ascending analysis of perceived signals (extraction of caracteristics, visual or audio recognition etc.) to a descending approach that enables, via motor actions generation in order to deal with perception deficiency (such as visual occlusion), to understand and interprete the audiovisual environment of the robot. This bottom-up/top-down active approach is then exploited to modulate the head movements of a humanoid robot and to study the impact of the Congruence on these movements. The system has been evaluated via realistic simulations, and in real conditions, on the two robotic platforms of the Two!Ears project
AGUILAR, MELO LUIS EDUARDO. "Commande robuste et coordination de mouvements de robots mobiles." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30248.
Full textMuraro, Alain. "Génération de mouvements optimaux pour un robot quadrupède." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2091.
Full textClercq, Charles. "Implementation of neuromorphic vision solutions for humanoid robots." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066072.
Full textArtificial vision aims to confer to machines the ability to perceive and to interpret their environment by inspiring from the biological vision. Since the beginning of image processing and machine vision fields in the 60's, numerous techniques have been developed to extract and to process visual information in an all implicitly accepted and unique context of frames. This is shown to be in contradiction with biologic eyes which have discarded through evolution mechanisms the concepts of frame and synchronized pixels. This thesis aims to switch the classic computer vision paradigm based on frame for the biological one. New vision algorithms are developed using this new paradigm for the iCub humanoid robot, in the context of the european project eMorph. The aimed goal is to design a neuro-inspired vision based navigation ability to the robot. This neuro-inspired vision is expected to be much more accurate and energy efficient
Nuñez, Nalda José Victor. "Etude de la commande des mouvements dynamiques d'un robot humanoïde." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0019.
Full textIn this thesis we study the control of dynamic motions for humanoid robots with special interest in the motion including aerial phases, as the jumping and running motions. With the basis of an analysis of the interaction forces between the robot and its relation with the condition for keeping the feet flat in the ground, wich is characterized by the zmp condition, we have outlined some principles for a motion planning quite general wich considers the jumping, walking and running motions. This approach is more detailed for the vertical jumping motion in order to study the realisability of this motion including for the robot HRP-2. A control law based on the sliding mode technique and a motion planning with reduced vertical foot velocity allowed us to show that this motion is possible for the HRP-2 robot. The Lagrangian Posture Control (LPC) is also introduced. Tjis general contol method considers the stability of the robot by means of global quantities wich resume the motion of the whole robot, these are the CoM trajectories and the total angular moment around the CoM. The LPC allows an asymptotically stable trajectory following for the robot extremities which are not in contact with the ground and the desired interaction forces, which allows to planify stable dynamic motions. The control method was validated in experiment on the HRP-2 humanoid robot
Zapata, René. "Quelques aspects topologiques de la planification de mouvements et des actions réflexes en robotique mobile." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20121.
Full textGravez, Philippe. "Étude d'un système de supervision pour la téléopération assistée par ordinateur." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10026.
Full textRODRIGUEZ-LUCATERO, CARLOS. "Planification des mouvements de robots en presence d'incertitudes de controle." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066436.
Full textBessonnet, Guy. "Optimisation dynamique des mouvements point à point de robots manipulateurs." Poitiers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992POIT2001.
Full textSisbot, Emrah Akin. "Towards human-aware robot motions." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/755/.
Full textIn an environment where a robot has to move among people, the notion of safety becomes more important and should be studied in every detail. The feasibility of a task leaves its place to the "comfort" for an interactive robot. For a robot that physically interacts with humans, accomplishing a task with the expense of human comfort is not acceptable even the robot does not harm any person. The robot has to perform motion and manipulation actions and should be able to determine where a given task should be achieved, how to place itself relatively to a human, how to approach him/her, how to hand the object and how to move in a relatively constrained environment by taking into account the safety and the comfort of all the humans in the environment. In this work, we propose a novel motion planning framework answering these questions along with its implementation into a navigation and a manipulation planner. We present the Human-Aware Navigation Planner that takes into account the safety, the fields of view, the preferences and the states of all the humans as well as the environment and generates paths that are not only collision free but also comfortable. We also present the Human-Aware Manipulation Planner that breaks the commonly used human-centric approaches and allows the robot to decide and take initiative about the way of an object transfer takes place. Human's safety, field of view, state, preferences as well as its kinematic structure is taken into account to generate safe and most importantly comfortable and legible motions that make robot's intention clear to its human partner
Krid, Mohamed Larbi. "Commande en suivi de chemin et en roulis des robots mobiles rapides en présence de glissements et d’instabilités." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066094.
Full textIntervention robotics must meet the continuing need to go farther and faster. Within this framework, all-terrain mobile robots undergoing high velocities endure complex dynamic excitation including vibration, shock, impact and the resulting deterioration in quality of forces transmission in the wheel-ground contact that can lead to a loss of stability and hence undermine their mission. This thesis contributes to the development of control laws that ensure a robust path tracking besides a certain degree of stability (minimize the risk of rollover). In addition, the thesis proposes a new mechatronic device for active control of vehicle roll and increase the performance of mobility, and in particular its dynamic control during cornering. The control laws are developed based on physical models that take into account the vehicle dynamics and slippage phenomenon resulting from the wheel-terrain interaction. Validation and identification of these models are achieved from experimental results performed on the robot FAST-A (one of the two prototypes of the ANR-FAST project). These analytical models and experimental results are also compared to a complete 16 DOF numerical model, developed under the multi-body system environment MSC. ADAMS, in which the mechanisms of suspension, steering and traction, and the conditions of wheel-terrain contact are more accurately represented. The first control algorithm based on the LQR approach is used for the path-tracking problem. It considers a linear vehicle dynamics, and a linearized model of the kinematics of the robot in relation to its reference trajectory. The control algorithm is based on an optimization of tracking errors and system inputs. The performance of this control law is evaluated using the results from both the numerical simulation on MSC. ADAMS and the actual experience performed using the prototype. Furthermore, a comparison with another enhanced control law based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) techniques has been provided. This control technique has the ability to predict and anticipate future changes on the reference. The latter approach based on nonlinear continuous-time generalized predictive (NCGPC) proved to be more accurate in terms of path tracking and smother in terms of control signal. The applied method is also extended to any MIMO system with arbitrary numbers of inputs and outputs. Finally, a linear MPC is developed for the anti-roll device. This is based on an optimization on a finite time horizon of a certain criterion consists of a stability index and an index of energy consumption of the integrated device. The behaviour obtained is similar to the behaviour of a motorcycle rider who leans into the turn to counteract the centrifugal force. The lateral load transfer between the right and left wheel sides defines the stability index. Simulation results of this device are very promising with a remarkable reduction of the charge transfer of about 30%, thus increasing the safety of the device and finally a larger speed range (at a constant radius of curvature). The device in question is being assembled on the platform FAST-B (second prototype of ANR-FAST project) and will be tested during March and April 2012
Curtelin, Jean-Jacques. "Identification des paramètres du modèle dynamique d'un robot en chaîne complexe : Aspects Méthodologiques et Micro-Informatiques." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0009.
Full textHermann, Gilles. "Approche neuromimétique modulaire pour la commande d'un système robotvision." Mulhouse, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MULH0780.
Full textThe laboratory works on the neural network control of a robot-vision system. This thesis concerns the application of artificial neural networks to control a robotic arm with visual servoing. The study focuses on modular learning to carry out neural networks controllers. We used self organizing maps to learn robotic functions which had been chosen for the simplicity of their algorithm as well as their capacity of generalization. These advantages enable us to have an online learning process, in real time. However these map can't deal properly with the important size of the input space following from the complexity of the task. To resolve the dimensionality problem we propose to divide the task into modules, each of them being composed of small-size artificial neural networks. With a sequential decomposition the learning phase of the whole structure becomes more difficult. Indeed not all desired inputs and outputs (which are examples for the learning process) of each module are available. Therefore a learning process is enabled by introducing the modules into the inverse flow which can estimate other introduced intermediary variables. The learning process in then bidirectional. The modular approach can therefore be considered as a neural network controller. The visual servoing has been validated on two complex robotic tasks: determining the angular configuration of a three-axis-robot and estimating the effector orientation of a four-axis-robot
Bouyarmane, Karim. "De l'Autonomie des Robots Humanoïdes : Planification de Contacts pour Mouvements de Locomotion et Tâches de Manipulation." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806453.
Full textSeguin, Pascal. "Développement d'une technique d'optimisation paramétrique pour la synthèse de mouvements à dynamique régulière : application à la marche." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2326.
Full textThis work is aimed at optimizing motions of constrained dynamics systems. A parametric optimisation method is developed. It consists in approximating joint motion coordinates using spline functions of class C3, made up of 4-order polynomials linked at uniformly distributed knots, in order to avoid jerks at connecting points. Joint actuating torques as well as interaction forces associated with closure constraints of closed kinematic chains, are expressed, through dynamics equations, as functions depending on both the time and the optimisation parameters. The objective function to be minimized is obtained by integrating quadratic torques and interaction forces along the motion time. The initial dynamic optimisation problem is then recast as a parametric optimisation problem, which is solved using existing computing codes. This technique is used to carry out optimal synthesis of sagittal gait. The walking velocity is the only data required for generating an optimal step
Mourioux, Gilles. "Proposition d'une architecture multifonctions pour l'autonomie globale des robots." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2022.
Full textCortés, Juan Siméon Thierry. "Motion planning algorithms for general closed-chain mechanisms lgorithmes pour la planification de mouvements de mécanismes articulés avec chaînes cinématiques fermées /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000091.
Full textEl, Khoury Antonio. "Planification de Mouvements Optimaux pour des Systèmes Anthropomorphes." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833019.
Full textVaillant, Joris. "Programmation de mouvements de locomotion et manipulation pour robots humanoïdes et expérimentations." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS065/document.
Full textThis PhD proposes a whole body motion generation approach with non coplanar contacts that allowsa robot to move in an environment, manipulate complex objects or collaborate with differentagents.Methods developed in this PhD try to manage many kinds of robots, from the humanoid to thefixed base manipulator and also handling underactuated objects.Firstly, we address the problem contacts positioning that an underactuated robot should taketo move in its environment.We compute in one non-linear optimization problem a sequence of postures that fulfill aninputed contact list. This formulation allows to find the optimal contact placement regardingprevious and next stances. It also allows to execute a task for some posture while taking into accountthe priority of the motion.Next, we introduce a motion generation method that uses quadratic programming to solveinverse kinematics and dynamics problems for a fixed or mobile base robot under equality andinequality constraints.This motion generation is fast enough to fit the HRP2-10 and HRP4 control loop andcan be used in real-time.With a finite state machine we turn the posture sequence into a list of tasks that should beexecuted by the motion generation to allow a robot to move in a complex environment.We extend this motion generation scheme to compute the motion of an arbitrary number of robots.This extension allows us to manage complex object manipulation tasks, multi-agent collaboration andmotion in a dynamic environment. We can also specify a task in the manipulated object frameto ease motion design.To validate this method on a real robot, we formulate inertial parametersestimation of manipulated objects with spatial vector algebra.Finally, we validate our works on the HRP2-10 and HRP4 robot. On the first one,we validate the posture and mono-robot motion generation on a scenario where the robot climbs anindustry standard vertical ladder.On the second one, we validate object manipulation and inertial parameters estimation
Klimchik, Alexandr. "Enhanced stiffness modelling of serial and parallel manipulators for robotic-based processing of high performance materials." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0034.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the enhancement of stiffness modeling of serial and parallel manipulators with passive joints under an essential loading. The developed technique takes into account different types of loadings: external force/torque applied to the end-point, internal preloading in the jointsand auxiliary forces/torques applied to intermediate points. In contrast to previous works, the proposed technique includes computing an equilibrium configuration, which exactly corresponds to the loading. This allows to obtain the full-scale force-deflection relation for any given workspace point and to linearise it taking into account variation of the manipulator Jacobian becauseof the external force/torque. The proposed approach also enables designer to evaluate critical forces that may provoke non-linear behaviours of the manipulators, such as sudden failure due to elastic instability (buckling), which has not been previously studied in robotics. In the frame of this work, it is assumed that the manipulator elasticity is described by a multidimensional lumped-parameter model, which corresponds to a set of rigid bodies connected by 6-dof virtual springs. Each of these springs characterize flexibility of the corresponding link or actuated joint and takes into account both their compliance and joint particularities. To increase the model accuracy, the stiffness parameters of the spring are evaluated using FEA-based virtual experiments and dedicated identification technique developed in the thesis. This gives almost the same accuracy as FEA but essentially reduces the computational effort, eliminating repetitive re-meshing through the workspace
Pajon, Adrien. "Humanoid robots walking with soft soles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS060/document.
Full textWhen unexpected changes of the ground surface occur while walking, the human central nervous system needs to apply appropriate control actions to assure dynamic stability. Many studies in the motor control field have investigated the mechanisms of such a postural control and have widely described how center of mass (COM) trajectories, step patterns and muscle activity adapt to avoid loss of balance. Measurements we conducted show that when stepping over a soft ground, participants actively modulated the ground reaction forces (GRF) under the supporting foot in order to exploit the elastic and compliant properties of the surface to dampen the impact and to likely dissipate the mechanical energy accumulated during the ‘fall’ onto the new compliant surface.In order to control more efficiently the feet-ground interaction of humanoid robots during walking, we propose adding outer soft (i.e. compliant) soles to the feet. They absorb impacts and cast ground unevenness during locomotion on rough terrains. However, they introduce passive degrees of freedom (deformations under the feet) that complexify the tasks of state estimation and overall robot stabilization. To address this problem, we devised a new walking pattern generator (WPG) based on a minimization of the energy consumption that offers the necessary parameters to be used jointly with a sole deformation estimator based on finite element model (FEM) of the soft sole to take into account the sole deformation during the motion. Such FEM computation is time costly and inhibit online reactivity. Hence, we developed a control loop that stabilizes humanoid robots when walking with soft soles on flat and uneven terrain. Our closed-loop controller minimizes the errors on the center of mass (COM) and the zero-moment point (ZMP) with an admittance control of the feet based on a simple deformation estimator. We demonstrate its effectiveness in real experiments on the HRP-4 humanoid walking on gravels
Lengagne, Sebastien. "Planification et re-planification de mouvements sûrs pour les robots humanoïdes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431302.
Full textTlalolini, Romero David. "Génération de mouvements optimaux de marche pour des robots bipèdes 3D." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2112.
Full textThis work is devoted to the optimal motions generation of cycle walk for the anthropomorphic bipedal robots walking in the space. These robots are assumed to consist of a kinematics structure which retains only basic human locomotion mobility's on the level of the hip-knee-ankle-foot kinematics chain. The decomposition of the human gaits cycle, robot modelling and the constraints linked to the contact between the foot and the ground are presented. To dene dynamic model and impact model, the method of Newton-Euler is used. The motions generation of walking is posed under the form of a constrained parameter optimization problem. The resolution of this problem is obtained by Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) methods. The criterion is optimized in order to increase the autonomy of energy of the biped robot. To achieve and improve the convergence of the optimization algorithm, the gradient analytic calculation of the criteria was performed. In a preliminary study limited of the sagittal plane, dierent gaits are compared. These are dened by instantaneous double support phases or nite time double support phases and the single support phases including or not an under-actuated sub-phase in which stance foot rotates about the stance toe. These results are then generalized to the case of three-dimensional walk. The comparison of two gaits which includes the impacts and the single support phases with or without rolling of the foot is achieved. One can saw from these dierent studies that the introduction of phase of foot rolling in a single support phase allows much higher walking velocity with less energy consumption
Lengagne, Sébastien. "Planification et re-planification de mouvements sûrs pour les robots humanoïdes." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20104.
Full textThese works deal with the computation of optimal motions for the humanoid robots. Most of the motion planning methods come from the motion planning of the manipulator robots. They rely on optimization algorithms which need a motion parametrization and a time-discretization of the constraints that define the physical limits of the robot. We show that a time-grid discretization is hazardous for the safety and the integrity of the robot. That is why, we propose a new method for the guaranteed discretization that computes the extrema of the constraints over time-interval that covers the whole motion duration. This method of discretization is time consuming. Thus, we developped a hybrid method that ensures the constraint validity within the same range of time of the state-of-the-art methods. With this method, we created a database of motions to follow a moving target. Consequently, we can generate an optimal motion that fits to the environment. However, there is no method which is fast enough to compute a new motion adapted to a new environment. Thus, we present a re-planning method that produces a new motion from a previous one. To do it, we compute, offline, a feasable sub-set around the motion that respects the constraint validity. The re-planning process consists in finding, in this sub-set, a new motion that is adapted to the new environment. We tested this re-planning method with a kicking motion where the position of the ball changes and we are able to find and adapted motion within 1. 5s of CPU-time
Sabourin, Christophe. "Approche bio-inspirée pour le contrôle de la marche dynamique d'un bipède sous-actionné : validation expérimentale sur le robot RABBIT." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2065.
Full textZorjan, Maja. "Contribution to the design optimization of humanoid leg kinematics." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0013.
Full textMost of the existing humanoid robots have usual orthogonal leg joint kinematics where all pitch, roll and yaw joints are mutually orthogonal and aligned along lateral, longitudinal and vertical axes of the robot's body, respectively. The hip joint consists of three single DoFs (degree of freedom). Their axes of rotation are mutually orthogonal and constitute Cartesian coordinate frame. Usually, the hip joint axes are successively ordered (from hip to foot) in a standard way for humanoid robots i. E. Hip yaw, hip roll and hip pitch. This research investigates the influence of a different layout and orientation of hip rotation axes. Investigations were carried out on double support motions (knee flexion/extension, knee flexion with articulated spine, knee flexion with additional load in the hands and swaying hips motion) and locomotion (walking forward and turn-in-place). Study was conducted for standard joints order (yaw, roll and pitch). To analyze differences, average power, angle range, magnitude of maximal torque and torque versus angular speed in the different configurations are compared. In all simulations the complete dynamics of the robot was taken into account. This study can help to orient hip axes to achieve better power distribution between hip joint motors and make better motor selection
Sans, Mariano. "Étude dynamique et aide à la conception d'un robot mobile à pattes." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ESAE0002.
Full textLuo, Qiuyue. "Marche Bipède 3D Auto-Stabilisante." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0010.
Full textHumanoid robot, which can walk by two legs and perform skillful tasks using both arms with hands, could be considered as one of the ultimate robots. However, bipedal walking remains a complex phenomenon that has not been fully understood. The thesis is dedicated to find some physical insights that can explain the stability of periodic walking on horizontal floor. In human walking, the gait is usually expressed as a function of a phasing variable based on the internal state instead of time. The controlled variables (swing foot trajectories, vertical oscillation of center of mass, upper body motion,etc.)oftherobotsarebasedonaphasingvariable via the use of virtual constraints and the step timing is not explicitly imposed but implicitly adapted under disturbances. Firstly, simplified models of the robot: the linear inverted pendulum (LIP) model and variable length inverted pendulum (VLIP) model are used to study control strategies. The proposed control strategy for the LIP and VLIP models is extended through the proposed essential model to control a complete humanoid model. The walking algorithm proposed above is applied on the humanoid robots Romeo and TALOS
Segovia, de los Rios José Armando. "Étude des déplacements d'un robot mobile dans un environnement peu contraint." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD597.
Full textPham, Hoang Lan. "Commande de robots manipulateurs dans l'espace des quaternions duaux." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066426.
Full textThis thesis is incorporated within the framework of the ANR ASSIST project. The aim of this project is to develop a two-arm manipulator robot to assist quadriplegic individuals in their daily lives. We are particularly interested in the arm control to perform manipulation tasks. In this context, a task consists of many steps: approaching the object, grasping, handling with one or both arms (opening a jar, for example), transferring to a human, dropping off, etc. Each stage requires a control system either in one of the following modes : position, force, vision, or in multiple modes at the same time. A control structure that can easily switch from one mode to another is necessary. In addition, the use of a hand for the manipulation instead of a simple gripper, requires a particular configuration of the hand to be set, depending on the shape of the object, and hence not only the position but also its orientation must be controlled. Different representations of the position and orientation of the end-effector of a manipulator in space were studied. Following this analysis, we developed a new control structure based on dual quaternions for simultaneously controlling the position and orientation of the end-effector. This solution is proposed in kinematic, dynamic and also vision-based control. Simulations and experiments on different robots allowed to validate these methods
Nguyen, Kien Cuong. "Control of an anthropomorphic arm-hand robot for grasping and dexterous manipulation." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066703.
Full textThis thesis deals with the control of an anthropomorphic arm-hand robot by focusing on two aspects: the control of the fingertip force and the coordination between the arm and the hand. The force control of a robotic finger remains difficult despite the advances in current state-of-art. This is due to the small size of the finger, its low communication bandwidth, the lack of precision of the position sensors and the significant backlash in the actuation systems. A new approach controlling the fingertip force by adjusting the joint torque saturation parameter shows better results. Not limited to pure force control, this control method is proved to also have good performance when applying to indirect and hybrid position/force control. Usually ignored in literature while considering dexterous manipulation, the position and movement of the arm play a very important role. Many in-hand manipulation tasks cannot be realized without a proper movement of the arm. One typical example is the rotation of the manipulated object relative to the palm without moving the fingers thanks to inertial and gravitational effects. Besides, arm movement is also an important factor contributing to the appearance of the grasping gestures. In this thesis, the movement of the grasped object under gravitational effect was analyzed and a grasping strategy was elaborated. In addition to this, some mechanical constraints (tenodesis effect in particular) contributing to the human natural gestures were deciphered and such natural gestures were reproduced on an anthropomorphic arm-hand robot in redundant grasping situations
Nomine, Jean-Philippe. "Etude d'outils de simulation du comportement de robots." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066596.
Full textRizk, Rani. "Etude de la précision et de la rigidité des robots parallèles à mouvements découplés." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00698903.
Full textPerrier, Clotilde. "Génération de mouvements pour un manipulateur mobile non-holonome." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20109.
Full textPoirier, Mathieu. "Planification de tâches de manipulation par pivotement pour un robot humanoïde." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000306/.
Full textThis manuscript highlights the ability of a humanoid robot to perform a task hard to achieve by other types of robots. Here we are interested in manipulation of bulky objects. Such manipulation tasks are performed with great difficulty and involve several skills, such as taking into account motion of the body as one whole system (or whole-body motion) and perfect synchronization between the different limbs, arms and legs. We introduce here a whole-body motion planner that gives a humanoid robot the ability to automatically find a strategy for moving bulky objects by pivoting, taking into account a number of constraints : collision avoidance, limbs coordination, arms and legs, and stability control throughout the motion. Based on formal controllability results, defined upstream, the planner also inherits completeness of the probabilistic random sampling methods on which it is built. The geometric and kinematic capabilities of the planner proposed are also demonstrated through simulations and real experiments. Then we focus on solving more complex problems, giving the robot the ability to release and regrasp the object to manipulate if it is stuck in a narrow passage
Pettré, Julien. "Planification de mouvements de marche pour acteurs digitaux." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30200.
Full textDoubliez, Paul-François. "Marche de robots bipèdes anthropomorphes : simulation et validation expérimentale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0016.
Full textDespite the large number of existing humanoid robots, three main scientific issues remain: the decision-making autonomy, the autonomy in energy and the agile dynamic walking. This thesis focuses on this last issue. Firstly, a three-dimensional static walking generated by analytical geometrical inverse kinematics using active toes has been generated. Secondly, in order to generate a three-dimensional dynamic walking, the motions were studied separately in the frontal plane and in the sagittal one, with numerical models of robots with point-contacts feet. In the frontal plane, stable oscillations were generated by adapting energetically the foot placement and the push force. In the sagittal plane, a high level energy control of the propulsion force with the rear leg was successively tested and validated thanks to different numerical bipeds: with a robot with two rotational hip joints and two translational knee joints, and then with a robot with two rotational knee joints. Thirdly, in order to generalize the studied principles, a robot with ten bodies and nine rotational joints including active toes and discretized-contact feet allowed the dynamic crossing of an obstacle up to twenty centimetres high. Then, our geometrical techniques of walk pattern generation and our energy control of the propulsion have been implemented in the case of a three-dimensional dynamic walking. Finally, walking experimentations were realized with the ROBIAN biped robot prototype, and allowed to identify the transition between static and dynamic walking
Marot, Jérôme. "Contribution à la synthèse dynamique optimale de la marche." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2340.
Full textNumerical synthesis of gait is carried out by solving a dynamic optimisation problem. The human-like locomotion system considered is made up of 12 internal degrees of freedom. Kinematic and dynamic models are stated according to fundamental determinant of gait which is the way the biped links up its ground-foot supports when walking. The support sequence adopted consists of a single support phase and two double support sub-phases. Special attention is devoted to the localisation of the centre of pressure under each foot, which are key indicators of the equilibrium state of the biped. Movement synthesis carried out using dynamic optimisation consists of extracting a feasible solution from dynamics equation by minimizing a performance criterion which is the time-integral of quadratic actuating torques. The problem stated is recast into a parametric optimisation problem using C3-spline approximations for the joint coordinates, and Ci-spline (0 ≤ i ≤ 2) for closure forces at front foot. The new optimisation variables are discrete values of these splines functions at times equally distributed along the motion time. Further global optimisation variables are accounted for: the step length and the relative length of the three step phases. In its final form, the problem is solved using SQP algorithms. Input data characterising the step to be generated can be limited to the only walking speed
Thevenon, Jean-Bernard. "Le problème de la planification de mouvements en robotique mobile : analyse du problème, synthèse et développement d'un planificateur mixte." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20114.
Full textLamiraux, Florent. "Robots mobiles à remorque : de la planification de chemins à l'exécution de mouvements." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT061H.
Full textCuan, Durón Enrique. "Contribution à l'étude du placement optimal de taches de robots redondants." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Cuan-Duron-Enrique/2008-Cuan-Duron-Enrique-These.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the placement problem of tasks of redundant robotic manipulators in order to optimize the kinetostatic performances of the robots. The first part of the work addresses a review of the basic concepts of kinematics of manipulators and indices of kinetostatic performances. Then, an analysis is carried out of the proposed methods to solve the optimal placement problem. Three kinds of methods have been identified; they consider the following problems: tasks accessibility ; the optimization of kinetostatic performances; the minimization of cycle-time of tasks. The limitations observed in these works are taken into account in order to propose more efficient methods to compute the optimal placement robot / task. Three scenarios are considered in our work: the optimization of one index of performance for one task-point without obstacles in the environment; a multi-criteria optimization of performances for a number of task-points without obstacles in the environment; and finally, a global optimization of one index of performance taking into account the obstacle avoidance. Thanks to their features, our methods represent an interesting contribution in the area of motion planning of robotic manipulators. Namely, they take into account constraints in order to obtain realistic solutions including obstacle avoidance; on the other hand, the multi-criteria method uses an original algorithm in order to synthesize continuous joint trajectories respecting a prescribed law of motion. According to the knowledge of the author, there are no methods for task placement based on multi-criteria optimization neither by taking into account obstacle avoidance. The efficacy of the proposed methods is illustrated by considering several cases of study
Rouxel, Quentin. "Apprentissage et correction des imperfections des robots humanoïdes de petite taille : application à l'odométrie et à la synthèse de mouvements." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0816/document.
Full textSmall humanoid robots are often affected by many flaws : mechanical wraps and backlashes, electrical issues and motor control problems. This work is aimed at applying machine learning methods to deal with the flaws of the real robot. More precisely, improving the odometry accuracy and generated motion stability is studied. This thesis is highly guided and inspired by the participation of the Rhoban team (Rhoban Football Club) to the international RoboCup competition. Since 2011, the team has been competing each year in a soccer tournament within the fully autonomous small humanoid robots (Kid-Size) league. Proprioceptive odometry estimates the robot displacements from its internal sensors (no camera is used) whereas predictive odometry simulates the displacements created from a sequence of walk orders. Two corrective methods are proposed for the two kinds of odometries. The first one is based on a non parametric regression (LWPR) and a motion capture setup. The second one optimizes (CMA-ES) a linear corrective model without needing any external measure system. The proprioceptive odometry is essential to the localization of the robot on the soccer field. The predictive odometry is used to train a control policy for the walk motion. The generation of very dynamic motions like walking or kicking the ball is difficult due to the biped balance constraint and the many servomotor flaws. To start, kick motions are generated by optimization (CMA-ES) and evaluated based on the inverse dynamic model of the robot. The implementation of a physics simulator has been started. The objective is make the real behaviour of the robot to catch up the target trajectory by correcting the motion within the simulator
Sorour, Mohamed. "Motion discontinuity-robust controller for steerable wheeled mobile robots." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS090/document.
Full textSteerable wheeled mobile robots gain mobility by employing fully steerable conventional wheels, having two active joints, one for steering, and another for driving. Despite having only one degree of mobility (DOM) (defined here as the instantaneously accessible degrees of freedom DOF), corresponding to the rotation about the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR), such robots can perform complex $2D$ planar trajectories. They are cheaper and have higher load carrying capacity than non-conventional wheels (e.g., Sweedish or Omni-directional), and as such preferred for industrial applications. However, this type of mobile robot structure presents challenging textit{basic} control issues of steering coordination to avoid actuator fighting, avoiding kinematic (ICR at the steering joint axis) and representation (from the mathematical model) singularities. In addition to solving the textit{basic} control problems, this thesis also focuses attention and presents solutions to textit{application level} problems. Specifically we deal with two problems: the first is the necessity to "discontinuously" reconfigure the steer joints, once discontinuity in the robot trajectory occurs. Such situation - discontinuity in robot motion - is more likely to happen nowadays, in the emerging field of human-robot collaboration. Mobile robots working in the vicinity of fast moving human workers, will usually encounter discontinuity in the online computed trajectory. The second appears in applications requiring that some heading angle is to be maintained, some object or feature stays in the field of view (e.g., for vision-based tasks), or the translation verse changes. Then, the ICR point is required to move long distances from one extreme of the workspace to the other, usually passing by the robot geometric center, where the feasible robot velocity is limited. In these application scenarios, the state-of-art ICR based controllers will lead to unsatisfactory behavior/results. In this thesis, we solve the aforementioned application level problems; namely discontinuity in robot velocity commands, and better/efficient planning for ICR point motion control while respecting the maximum steer joint performance limits, and avoiding kinematic and representational singularities. Our findings has been validated experimentally on an industrial mobile base
FOULON, GILLES. "Generation de mouvements coordonnes pour un ensemble constitue d'une plateforme mobile a roues et d'un bras manipulateur." Toulouse, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAT0026.
Full textSanchez, Lopez Abraham. "Contribution à la planification de mouvements en robotique : approches probabilistes et approches déterministes." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20038.
Full textSaab, Layale. "Generating whole body movements for dynamics anthropomorphic systems under constraints." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1447/.
Full textThis thesis studies the question of whole body motion generation for anthropomorphic systems. Within this work, the problem of modeling and control is considered by addressing the difficult issue of generating human-like motion. First, a dynamic model of the humanoid robot HRP-2 is elaborated based on the recursive Newton-Euler algorithm for spatial vectors. A new dynamic control scheme is then developed adopting a cascade of quadratic programs (QP) optimizing the cost functions and computing the torque control while satisfying equality and inequality constraints. The cascade of the quadratic programs is defined by a stack of tasks associated to a priority order. Next, we propose a unified formulation of the planar contact constraints, and we demonstrate that the proposed method allows taking into account multiple non coplanar contacts and generalizes the common ZMP constraint when only the feet are in contact with the ground. Then, we link the algorithms of motion generation resulting from robotics to the human motion capture tools by developing an original method of motion generation aiming at the imitation of the human motion. This method is based on the reshaping of the captured data and the motion editing by using the hierarchical solver previously introduced and the definition of dynamic tasks and constraints. This original method allows adjusting a captured human motion in order to reliably reproduce it on a humanoid while respecting its own dynamics. Finally, in order to simulate movements resembling to those of humans, we develop an anthropomorphic model with higher number of degrees of freedom than the one of HRP-2. The generic solver is used to simulate motion on this new model. A sequence of tasks is defined to describe a scenario played by a human. By a simple qualitative analysis of motion, we demonstrate that taking into account the dynamics provides a natural way to generate human-like movements
Jaillet, Léonard. "Méthodes probabilistes pour la planification réactive de mouvements." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011515.
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