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Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo, Guy Marcovaldi, James Maclaine, and Maria Isabel Paiva. "First report of the rare morid Laemonema robustum (Gadiformes) from the Southwestern Atlantic." Check List 16, no. (1) (2020): 177–82. https://doi.org/10.15560/16.1.177.
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The poorly known morid <em>Laemonema robustum</em> Johnson, 1862, is reported for the first time from Brazilian marine waters. Morphometric characters are compared with published works and selected vouchers. The known Atlantic Ocean range of the species is extended to the Southwestern Atlantic, thousands of kilometers from previous records.
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Paolini, Daniela, and Rojas Mario Rucavado. "Del Redentor al Demiurgo: Las ilustraciones de William Blake vistas a través de las Meditaciones poéticas de José Joaquín de Mora." Hyperborea. Revista de ensayo y creación, no. 7 (November 26, 2024): 40–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13916419.
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Las <em>Meditaciones poéticas</em> de José Joaquín de Mora consisten en una serie de once poemas inspirados en las imágenes que William Blake diseñó para una reedición del poema <em>The Grave</em> de Robert Blair (1808). Rudolph Ackermann adquirió estos grabados tras la muerte del editor Robert Cromek y en 1826 le encargó a Mora que compusiera una nueva obra para el público de las nacientes repúblicas hispanoamericanas. Este artículo pone en contexto los poemas de Mora y se pregunta en qué medida pueden ser considerados una écfrasis de los diseños de Blake.
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Polonskaya, Zhanna, Tzu-Pei Chang, Stella Martomo, et al. "Abstract 5215: MOA study of KD050, an anti-PD-1/IL-15 bi-functional antibody selectively targeted PD-1 positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes resulted in robust anti-tumor activity and low systemic toxicity." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 5215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5215.
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Abstract Anti-tumor efficacy, treated by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody or immunostimulatory cytokine IL-2 or IL-15, has been confirmed clinically in multiple cancer indications, but both treatments have some limitations. Only ~30% patients respond to ICI treatment, and cytokines have been associated with short half-lives and systemic toxicities. Kadmon has established a cytokine fusion antibody platform to synergize the antibody and cytokine anti-tumor activity, extend cytokine serum half-life and reduce systemic toxicity. One of novel asset in this platform is KD050, an anti-PD-1/IL-15 bi-functional antibody with strong PD-1 antagonist function, but lower lymphocyte stimulation enabled by a novel mutation on the IL-15. KD050 was designed to deliver PD-1-mediated, avidity-driven lymphocyte stimulation to PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) while minimally affecting circulating peripheral natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. We have reported previously (SITC2020, Abstract ID: 573) that KD050 (also called mut-1N-IL-15/38B2) showed robust anti-tumor efficacy and low systemic toxicity to treat hPD-L1-CT26 tumor inoculated in hPD-1/hPD-L1 transgenic BALB/c mice. Here, we conducted the MOA study in the same animal model by treating the mice with vehicle, KD050, PD-1 antibody (38B2), non-target counterpart of KD050 (ntKD050) and combination of 38B2 and ntKD050. The peripheral blood, draining lymph nodes and tumors were isolated at day 7 after the treatment. Immune cell types were analyzed by FACS for all isolated samples, and Nanostring RNA sequence and IHC was performed for the isolated tumors. Compared to the other treatments, we observed significant higher effector memory CD8 T cells (EM CD8 T), expanded Granzyme B+ and CD8+ T cells, and high CD8/CD4 ratio in tumor when treated with KD050. Tumor Differential Gene Expression (DGE) analysis revealed that many lymphocyte markers were specific to KD050. Functional Enrichment by Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) in tumor showed that many cell types especially CD8 T cells, cytotoxic cells and Th1 cells were statistically (p. adjust &lt; 0.05) significant higher relative to other treatments. We further found that binding of KD050 to PD-1 mediated delivery of IL15 to PD-1+ T cells and the simultaneous binding of KD050 to PD-1 and IL-2 receptor βγ (IL-2Rβγ) resulted in enhanced potency of IL-2Rβγ activation and anti-tumor activity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that KD050 treatment activated different gene pathways which were unique from PD-1 monospecific antibody 38B2, ntKD050 alone or combined with 38B2. These findings indicated that KD050 may have potential to benefit patients that were not responsive to the PD-1/PD-L1 treatment or cytokine treatment. Citation Format: Zhanna Polonskaya, Tzu-Pei Chang, Stella Martomo, Xenia Luna, Zhikai Zhang, Stanley Ng, Alessandro Mora, Jeegar P. Patel, Dan Lu. MOA study of KD050, an anti-PD-1/IL-15 bi-functional antibody selectively targeted PD-1 positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes resulted in robust anti-tumor activity and low systemic toxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5215.
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Munda, Santosh Kumar. "Stock Markets in India: Need for More Robust Mechanisms to Check Misgivings." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 8 (2012): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/august2014/26.
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Wu, Zigao, Shaohua Yu, and Tiancheng Li. "A Meta-Model-Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Approach to Robust Job Shop Scheduling." Mathematics 7, no. 6 (2019): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7060529.
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In the real-world manufacturing system, various uncertain events can occur and disrupt the normal production activities. This paper addresses the multi-objective job shop scheduling problem with random machine breakdowns. As the key of our approach, the robustness of a schedule is considered jointly with the makespan and is defined as expected makespan delay, for which a meta-model is designed by using a data-driven response surface method. Correspondingly, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) is proposed based on the meta-model to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. Extensive experiments based on the job shop benchmark problems are conducted. The results demonstrate that the Pareto solution sets of the MOEA are much better in both convergence and diversity than those of the algorithms based on the existing slack-based surrogate measures. The MOEA is also compared with the algorithm based on Monte Carlo approximation, showing that their Pareto solution sets are close to each other while the MOEA is much more computationally efficient.
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Guerrero, Laura, Alberto Paradela, and Fernando J. Corrales. "Monitoring One-carbon metabolism by mass spectrometry for early diagnosis of cirrhosis and HCC." IBJ Plus 1, s5 (2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24217/2531-0151.22v1s5.00021.
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Introduction: Liver cancer represents one of the most frequent causes of death by cancer, ranked as the sixth most prevalent and the second in lethality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant type of liver cancer and presents an increasing incidence during the last years. Late diagnosis is one of the reasons explaining the low survival rate of HCC patients (5 years survival after diagnosis below 20%). Remarkably, 80% of HCC cases develop in cirrhotic tissue (1). Main risk factors for HCC are well known and include hepatitis B and C viral infections or abusive alcohol consumption. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown and its research will lead to the characterization of new biomolecular markers for the early diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of HCC. Metabolic remodeling is a common feature among several hepatic disorders, from steatosis to HCC (2). Tumoral hepatocytes modify their metabolism to satisfy cancer’s proliferative requirements. One-carbon metabolism (OCM) plays a fundamental role maintaining the differentiation and quiescent state of hepatocytes, and is recognized as the link between intermediate metabolism and epigenetic regulation. Owing to these reasons, it might be a potential source of biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Accordingly, it has been demonstrated that some OCM enzymes are differentially expressed in murine HCC models (3). Materials and methods: We have developed a robust targeted mass spectrometry-based method, using SRM mode (Selected Reaction Monitoring), for the systematic quantification of 13 enzymes that participate in OCM. For this purpose, purified synthetic heavy standard peptides, as well as OCM recombinant proteins have been used. Sixty-four human liver samples, including 28 control samples, 21 tumoral samples and15 cirrhotic samples have been used. Results and conclusions: We have demonstrated that there is a profound remodeling of the OCM cycle in HCC versus control samples, while cirrhotic samples tend to show intermediate expression levels between both physiological situations. Machine learning- based analysis of our results suggests that monitoring a panel of functionally related proteins might be useful for future clinical developments and improve the management of HCC patients. However, further experiments with larger cohorts are required to confirm these findings. References 1) Ryerson, A. B., et al (2016). Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2012, featuring the increasing incidence of liver cancer. Cancer, 122(9), 1312-1337. 2) Vander Heiden, et al (2009). Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science, 324(5930), 1029-1033 3) Mora, M. I., Corrales, F. J., et al (2017). Prioritizing popular proteins in liver cancer: remodelling one-carbon metabolism. Journal of proteome research, 16(12), 4506-4514.
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D'Elía, Guillermo, Ismael Mora, Phil Myers, and Robert D. Owen. "New and noteworthy records of Rodentia (Erethizontidae, Sciuridae, and Cricetidae) from Paraguay." Zootaxa 1784 (December 31, 2008): 39–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.182407.
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D'Elía, Guillermo, Mora, Ismael, Myers, Phil, Owen, Robert D. (2008): New and noteworthy records of Rodentia (Erethizontidae, Sciuridae, and Cricetidae) from Paraguay. Zootaxa 1784: 39-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182407
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Lowney, Charles. "Robust Moral Realism: Pluralist or Emergent?" Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical 43, no. 3 (2017): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/traddisc201743323.
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Carroll, Gabriel, and Delong Meng. "Locally robust contracts for moral hazard." Journal of Mathematical Economics 62 (January 2016): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2015.11.001.
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Killoren, David. "Robust moral realism: an excellent religion." International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 79, no. 3 (2015): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11153-015-9509-2.
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Carroll, Gabriel, and Lukas Bolte. "Robust contracting under double moral hazard." Theoretical Economics 18, no. 4 (2023): 1623–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te4916.
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We study contracting when both principal and agent have to exert noncontractible effort for production to take place. An analyst is uncertain about what actions are available and evaluates a contract by the expected payoffs it guarantees to each party in spite of the surrounding uncertainty. Both parties are risk‐neutral; there is no limited liability. Linear contracts, which leave the agent with a constant share of output in exchange for a fixed fee, are optimal. This result holds both in a preliminary version of the model, where the principal only chooses to supply or not supply an input, and in several variants of a more general version, where the principal may have multiple choices of input. The model thus generates nontrivial linear sharing rules without relying on either limited liability or risk aversion.
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Xiong, Jian, Ying-wu Chen, Ke-wei Yang, Qing-song Zhao, and Li-ning Xing. "A Hybrid Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for Robust Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling with Stochastic Durations." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/786923.
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We study resource-constrained project scheduling problems with perturbation on activity durations. With the consideration of robustness and stability of a schedule, we model the problem as a multiobjective optimization problem. Three objectives—makespan minimization, robustness maximization, and stability maximization—are simultaneously considered. We propose a hybrid multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (H-MOEA) to solve this problem. In the process of the H-MOEA, the heuristic information is extracted periodically from the obtained nondominated solutions, and a local search procedure based on the accumulated information is incorporated. The results obtained from the computational study show that the proposed approach is feasible and effective for the resource-constrained project scheduling problems with stochastic durations.
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Olanipekun, Olusola. "Robust Moral Realism and the Supervenience Argument." Open Journal for Studies in Philosophy 8, no. 1 (2024): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsp.0801.03045o.
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The paper examines the supervenience argument advanced by the robust moral realists in defense of moral realism. How defensible is the supervenience argument? The paper argues that answer to this question is not as straight forward as the proponents of the robust realism assumed. It argues that defending supervenience argument without paying proper attention to details about the main tenets of moral realism in relation to “is and ought” gap that exists between natural and non-natural properties is largely responsible for why moral realists assume that up till now, there is no demonstrative argument to show that their supervenience argument had been persuasively refuted. This paper does not intend to fill the traditional gap in favor of moral realism. Instead, it intends to challenge such assumption. The paper concludes that the supervenience argument is not as defensible as the proponents of the theory have claimed.
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Smith, Duncan D. "Even when the seasons change our allometry stays the same. A Commentary on: ‘Corner’s rules pass the test of time: little effect of phenology on leaf-shoot and other scaling relationships’." Annals of Botany 126, no. 7 (2020): iii—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa166.
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This article comments on: Alex Fajardo, Juan P. Mora and Etienne Robert, Corner’s rules pass the test of time: little effect of phenology on leaf–shoot and other scaling relationships, Annals of Botany, Volume 126, Issue 7, 25 November 2020, Pages 1129–1139, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa124
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Tan, Yanyan, Xue Lu, Yan Liu, Qiang Wang, and Huaxiang Zhang. "Decomposition-Based Multiobjective Optimization with Invasive Weed Colonies." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (August 6, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6943921.
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In order to solve the multiobjective optimization problems efficiently, this paper presents a hybrid multiobjective optimization algorithm which originates from invasive weed optimization (IWO) and multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D), a popular framework for multiobjective optimization. IWO is a simple but powerful numerical stochastic optimization method inspired from colonizing weeds; it is very robust and well adapted to changes in the environment. Based on the smart and distinct features of IWO and MOEA/D, we introduce multiobjective invasive weed optimization algorithm based on decomposition, abbreviated as MOEA/D-IWO, and try to combine their excellent features in this hybrid algorithm. The efficiency of the algorithm both in convergence speed and optimality of results are compared with MOEA/D and some other popular multiobjective optimization algorithms through a big set of experiments on benchmark functions. Experimental results show the competitive performance of MOEA/D-IWO in solving these complicated multiobjective optimization problems.
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Tang, Zheng Mao, and De Xie. "Tuning of Ship Heading Controller Based on Minimum Rate of Energy Dissipation and Multi-Attribute Decision Making Method." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 1951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.1951.
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The PID control is most widely used in industry and its parameters setting is an important issue in the field of automatic control. In this paper, a novel tuning strategy based on multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method was proposed. The proposed strategy can balance the four performances simultaneously regarding accurate set-point tracking, disturbance attenuation, robust stability and energy consumption for actuator. The estimated Pareto-optimal set was obtained by MOGA and then an appropriate solution was selected from the set by ranking with a simple additive weighting method (SAW). To demonstrate the proposed strategy, an example of the ship course PID controller with filter for a 150,000-ton tanker with steering gear was studied. The results show that the PID controller is stable and robust with high dynamic quality.
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A. Mohammed, Emad. "Influence of external distortions on multifactor optical identification tags with photoncounting." University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 5, no. 2 (2015): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v5i2.118.
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The multifactor optical ID tag reinforces high security verification purposes for credit cards, passports, and productidentification marks. In this applications, the optical ID tag should be robust to external distortions. In this work, weinvestigate the robustness to external distortions of multifactor optical identification (ID) tag based on multifactoroptical encryption authentication (MOEA) method, binarization method, and photon counting (PC) technique. Theexternal distortion caused by a uniform and non uniform occlusion (cropping and scratches) of some pixels of theproposed optical ID tags is investigated. Computer simulations are presented to test the system performance against these types of distortions. The results illustrated that the system is able to validate the ID tags, even under severe distortion and it confirmed that the proposed BPOID tag based on PC-MOEA method is more robust compared with the traditional ID tags to such as cropping and scratches.
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Cichowitz, Cody, C. Patrick Carroll, John J. Strouse, Carlton Haywood, and Sophie Lanzkron. "Screening for Neurocognitive Dysfunction in an Adult Population with Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2717.2717.
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Abstract Introduction: Studies have described neuroimaging abnormalities and neurocognitive dysfunction in adults living with sickle cell anemia and no previous history of neurological impairment. At the Johns Hopkins Sickle Cell Center for Adults, we have been administering the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at regularly scheduled outpatient appointments as part of routine screening and clinical care. The MoCA is scored out of 30 points and consists of 28 questions grouped into seven domains of cognitive function: visual-spatial and executive, naming, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall and orientation. While the MoCA has yet to be validated as a screening tool for cognitive impairment in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), it has been widely used and validated in other populations to screen for mild cognitive impairment with the cutoff typically ranging from 22 to 26. The objective of this study was to describe the results of MoCA testing in a sample of adults with SCD and to explore predictors of MoCA performance using data from a retrospective chart review. Methods: A cross-sectional study was completed of the first 100 MoCAs administered to adult patients with SCD. Demographic, laboratory and clinical data were collected from each participant’s medical record up to the date that the MoCA was administered. The internal validity of each MoCA domain was analyzed using standard psychometric statistics, including a Cronbach-α score and factor analysis. Bivariate analysis was completed using Mann–Whitney U tests and Spearman Rank correlations. We identified independent predictors of MoCA performance using a multivariable robust linear regression. Age, hemoglobin and genotype were included in the multivariable analysis along with any variable found to have an association with MoCA score (p-values ≤ .10). Results: The distribution of scores is displayed in Figure 1; the mean score was 24.5 with a standard deviation of 4.1. The visual-spatial and executive function and attention domains showed strong correlation with overall test performance and demonstrated high measures of internal validity. Education, gender, weight, aspartate aminotransferase, cerebral vascular accident (CVA), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a history of hydroxyurea therapy were associated with MoCA scores in bivariate analysis. The results of multivariable analysis are displayed in Table 1. Education was found to be a significant independent predictor of increased MoCA score, while CVA and CKD were found to be significant predictors of decreased MoCA score. When limited to the 64 participants with SS or Sβ0 Thalassemia, education and a history of hydroxyurea therapy were found to be significant independent predictors of increased score, while CKD was found to be a significant predictor of decreased score. Conclusion: A screening tool for neurocognitive dysfunction in adults with SCD is needed in order to identify those that require more definitive testing. The significant association of MoCA score with both education and CVA supports the potential validity of this measure as a screening tool in this patient population. Further validation of this tool is needed as well as an exploration into the possible relationship between improved MoCA performance and hydroxyurea use. Figure 1 Figure 1. Table 1: Multivariable Analysis Model 1: Robust Linear Regression for MoCA Score (n = 89) Independent Variables Coefficient [95% Confidence Interval] P-value Education – Completed > 12th Grade 3.1 1.5 4.7 .0003 Gender - Male 1.4 -0.13 2.8 .0738 Age (years) -0.043 -0.11 0.024 .2055 Genotype – SS or Sβ0 Thalassemia 1.3 -1.3 3.9 .3350 Hemoglobin (g/dL) 0.033 -0.62 0.69 .9196 Weight (lbs) 0.014 -0.0052 0.034 .1504 Aspartate Aminotransferase (Units/L) -0.035 -0.078 0.0090 .1179 CVA -3.3 -5.7 -0.90 .0079 CKD -3.1 -6.2 -0.056 .0460 Model 2: Robust Linear Regression for MoCA Score for participants with SS or Sβ0 Thalassemia (n = 64) Independent Variables Coefficient [95% Confidence Interval] P-value Education – Completed > 12th Grade 3.7 2.2 5.2 .0000 Gender - Male 0.95 -0.71 2.6 .2561 Age (years) -0.043 -0.13 0.046 .3363 Hemoglobin (g/dL) -0.010 -0.69 0.67 .9770 Weight (lbs) 0.0067 -0.015 0.029 .5451 Aspartate Aminotransferase (Units/L) -0.044 -0.089 0.00062 .0531 CVA -1.9 -4.7 0.92 .1832 CKD -3.4 -6.4 -0.27 .0334 History of Hydroxyurea Therapy 2.1 0.14 4.0 .0364 Disclosures Haywood: NHLBI: Research Funding. Lanzkron:NHLBI: Research Funding.
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Yu, Yimin, and Xiangyin Kong. "Robust Contract Designs: Linear Contracts and Moral Hazard." Operations Research 68, no. 5 (2020): 1457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2020.1994.
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Linear contracts and their variants are quite popular in practice, for example, salesforce incentives and chief executive officer compensation. However, agency theory typically stipulates complex contract forms. Yimin Yu and Xiangyin Kong provide an alternative explanation for the popularity of linear contracts: the robustness to model uncertainty renders the linear or generalized linear forms of the contracts under moral hazard. They adopt the worst-case decision criterion, and robust incentive compatibility to ensure that the agent always behaves. The results are robust to general effort-contingent distributions and the risk-averse agent. These findings also shed light on how to design robust contracts when firms are facing model uncertainty or incomplete model information.
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Vogelmann, Rafael Graebin. "ROBUST ETHICAL REALISM AND THE MORAL COINCIDENCE PROBLEM." Revista Dissertatio de Filosofia 55 (August 1, 2022): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/dissertatio.v55i0.21673.
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I present an objection to robust ethical realism, the view that there are mind-independent moral facts with normative import. I argue that if we combine robust ethical realism with a traditional conception of morality, according to which persons are especially relevant from a moral point of view, the result is that there is a remarkable coincidence between the content of normative facts and the kind of beings that actually exist. On the one hand, the normative facts single out persons as anespecially relevant kind of being and, on the other hand, persons happen to exist. This match amounts to a coincidence because, according to robust ethical realism, normative facts cannot explain why there are persons and the fact that there are persons cannot explain why the normative facts are what they are. To the extent that commitment to unexplained coincidences counts against a view, robust ethical realism faces a problem. Although there are important similarities between this objection and other objections to normative realism that appeal to remarkable coincidences (such as Street’s evolutionary debunking argument and Bedke’s cosmic coincidence argument), I argue that the moral coincidence poses a different problem for robust ethical realism.
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Ottosen, Espen. "Egoism as a Problem for Robust Moral Realism." Religions 14, no. 10 (2023): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14101315.
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As a normative ethical theory, ethical egoism may seem compatible with the metaethical theory of moral realism. However, in this article, I will problematize such an assumption. The reason is that an important motivation for rejecting moral anti-realism by many moral realists—like Derek Parfit, Torbjörn Tännsjö, and Erik J. Wielenberg—is that such a view entails that not even cruel or horrendous acts are to be called wrong by any universal or objective standard. I suggest that this motivation also applies to the ethical theory of egoism, as it may imply that no one has any obligation to refrain from cruel or horrendous acts as long they are beneficial to the agent. On that basis, I will demonstrate that egoism is a problem for robust moral realists that also, to a large degree, is being overlooked.
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Zheng, Tianju, Liping Sun, Mingwei Li, Guangyao Yuan, and Shuqi Li. "A Robust Multi-Objective Evolutionary Framework for Artificial Island Construction Scheduling Under Dynamic Constraints." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 11 (2024): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12112008.
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Artificial island construction is a multifaceted engineering endeavor that demands precise scheduling to optimize resource allocation, control costs, ensure safety, and minimize environmental impact within dynamic marine environments. This study introduces a comprehensive multi-objective optimization model that integrates critical factors such as resource limitations, task dependencies, environmental variability, safety risks, and regulatory compliance. To effectively address the complexities of this model, we develop and employ the Multi-Objective Adaptive Cooperative Evolutionary Marine Genetic Algorithm (MACEMGA). MACEMGA combines cooperative coevolution, adaptive dynamic weighting, dynamic penalty functions, and advanced genetic operators to navigate the solution space efficiently and identify Pareto optimal schedules. Through extensive computational experiments using data from the Dalian Bay Cross-Sea Traffic Engineering project, MACEMGA is benchmarked against algorithms such as NSGA-II, SPEA2, and MOEA/D. The results demonstrate that MACEMGA achieves a reduction in construction time from 32.8 to 23.5 months and cost savings from CNY 4105.3 million to CNY 3650.0 million while maintaining high-quality outcomes and compliance with environmental standards. Additionally, MACEMGA shows improvements in hypervolume by up to 15% over existing methods and a Convergence Rate that is 8% faster than MOEA/D.
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Feng, Xuan, and Gang Duan. "Bi-objective Robust Optimization on LNG Hybrid Energy Vessel Routing for Floating Marine Debris Collection." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2890, no. 1 (2024): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2890/1/012019.
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Abstract Marine debris not only damages ecosystem, but also threatens marine life and human health. The effective way to remove marine debris is to send ships to collect it, so this paper studies the problem of vessel route for debris collection. Due to the high carbon emissions of traditional diesel, we use LNG and diesel hybrid-powered ships. Since the weight of marine debris is difficult to measure, we consider the weight of debris as an uncertain parameter. And we establish a bi-objective robust optimization model with the objectives of minimizing travel time and carbon emissions. Then, through dual theory and equivalent transformation, we convert the robust model into a deterministic model. We combine the traditional MOEA/D with a neighborhood search algorithm to design the H-MOEA/D algorithm. Finally, 30 debris spots in the sea area near Yangshan Port are selected as examples to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The results show that hybrid energy ships can save time and resources effectively and reduce carbon emission.
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Tian, Xin, Binyu Rao, Meng Wang, Xiaoming Xi, Chongwei Wang, and Zefeng Wang. "4 kW narrow-linewidth fiber laser based on a simple one-stage MOPA structure." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 11 (2022): 115101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac9678.
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Abstract One-stage master oscillator power amplification (MOPA) structure is a simple and robust way to acquire high-power narrow-linewidth fiber lasers (NLFLs), which have wide applications in spectral/coherent beam combination. In this work, an NLFL system was established based on a home-made fiber oscillator seed. By using this one-stage MOPA system, a 4 kW output power was achieved with 3 dB linewidth of about 0.53 nm and optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 76.9%. The signal to Raman ratio was ∼22 dB. The measured beam quality (M2 factor) was about 1.6 at the output power of 3780 W then degraded to 2.8 at the maximum power of 4 kW. To the best of our knowledge, the 4 kW is the highest output power for such narrow linewidth one-stage MOPA fiber lasers.
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Trautmann, H., T. Wagner, B. Naujoks, M. Preuss, and J. Mehnen. "Statistical Methods for Convergence Detection of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms." Evolutionary Computation 17, no. 4 (2009): 493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco.2009.17.4.17403.
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In this paper, two approaches for estimating the generation in which a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) shows statistically significant signs of convergence are introduced. A set-based perspective is taken where convergence is measured by performance indicators. The proposed techniques fulfill the requirements of proper statistical assessment on the one hand and efficient optimisation for real-world problems on the other hand. The first approach accounts for the stochastic nature of the MOEA by repeating the optimisation runs for increasing generation numbers and analysing the performance indicators using statistical tools. This technique results in a very robust offline procedure. Moreover, an online convergence detection method is introduced as well. This method automatically stops the MOEA when either the variance of the performance indicators falls below a specified threshold or a stagnation of their overall trend is detected. Both methods are analysed and compared for two MOEA and on different classes of benchmark functions. It is shown that the methods successfully operate on all stated problems needing less function evaluations while preserving good approximation quality at the same time.
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Kim, Se Yun (Jacqueline), Caroline Altaras, and Margaret O’Connor. "51 Importance of Using Baseline Verbal Abilities When Interpreting the MOCA Test Performance." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 729–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723009098.
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Objective:The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) is widely used as a mental status screening test to detect cognitive impairment in adults over 55 years of age. Performance on this test ranges from 0 to 30. One point is given to individuals with 12 or lower years of education. This accommodation is based on the fact that low education may be a risk factor for dementia (Milani et al., 2018). However, studies suggest the one-point adjustment may not be sufficient to address the impact of low education on test performance (Malek-Ahmadi et al., 2015). The aim of this study is to compare the effects of educational achievement versus baseline verbal abilities on MOCA performance.Participants and Methods:Fifty patients (25 male; mean age=72.78, SD = 8.11; mean education=16.18, SD = 2.73) with cognitive concerns were referred to Massachusetts General Brigham. All underwent neuropsychological evaluation, including screening with the MOCA. Total MOCA scores were calculated. In this patient group, the MOCA scores ranged from 10 to 29 (mean=22, SD=5.129). Measures of literacy (Wechsler Test of Adult Reading or Test of Premorbid Functioning) were used to estimate baseline verbal abilities. Educational achievement was based on self-reported years of education.Results:Correlational analyses included the Total MOCA scores, measures of literacy, and years of education. Performance on the MOCA significantly correlated with measures of literacy, r(43)=.578, p< .001, and a stepwise regression analysis revealed that literacy predicted performance on the MOCA, R2=.041, F(3,139)= 9.172, p<.001. Years of education correlated with measures of literacy, r(44)=.494, p< .001, but not with performance on the MOCA.Conclusions:Findings suggest that education-adjusted scoring on the MOCA may not be sufficient to “level the playing field” in terms of MOCA performance. Years of education had less of an effect on the Total MOCA scores than did baseline verbal abilities. It may be the case that literacy has a more robust effect on MOCA performance due to the inherent verbal nature of the MOCA. Data from this study highlight the importance of considering a patient’s baseline verbal abilities in the interpretation of their MOCA performance.
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DeLapp, Kevin. "Robert Audi, "Moral Perception"." Social Theory and Practice 40, no. 1 (2014): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract201440111.
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Singh, Vijay Pratap, Bertrand Duquet, Michel Léger, and Marc Schoenauer. "Automatic wave-equation migration velocity inversion using multiobjective evolutionary algorithms." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 5 (2008): VE61—VE73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2966008.
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To solve nonlinear seismic velocity inversion problems, we have developed an automatic velocity-estimation technique based on the stochastic method called multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA). Semblance and differential semblance are used as objective functions. To cope with the high computational cost, we customized MOEA, added domain knowledge (velocity increases with depth, slowly varies along layers, and so forth), which improves the conditioning of the problem and accelerates convergence. This approach is robust because it can cope with large velocity errors. Computational cost of this algorithm is at least two orders of magnitude faster than other stochastic methods and comparable to that of direct gradient methods.
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Dreier, Jamie. "Is there a supervenience problem for robust moral realism?" Philosophical Studies 176, no. 6 (2019): 1391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-019-01244-w.
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van der Weele, Joël J., Julija Kulisa, Michael Kosfeld, and Guido Friebel. "Resisting Moral Wiggle Room: How Robust Is Reciprocal Behavior?" American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 6, no. 3 (2014): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.6.3.256.
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We provide the second mover in a trust game and a moonlighting game with an excuse for not reciprocating. While this type of manipulation has been shown to strongly reduce giving in the dictator game, we find that the availability of the excuse has no effect on the incidence of reciprocal behavior in these games. Our results cast doubt on the generalizability of previous dictator game findings and suggest that image concerns are not a key driver of reciprocal behavior. (JEL C72, D64, Z13)
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Tarkhnishvili, David. "Molecular Markers and Taxonomic Explosion in Herpetology: More or Less Robust Taxonomy? True and False Advantages of DNA Markers." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 7, no. 2 (2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000569.
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Despite the increasing deficit of taxonomic expertise, the number of newly described species since the early 2010s has grown exponentially. This growth is related to the increased use of DNA markers in taxonomic descriptions. However, routine use of DNA markers in taxonomy did not bring practical taxonomy closer to the theory. Species are unique lineages with irreversible evolutionary pathways, and only the presence of distinct populations within the same geographic range, or at least the presence of narrow hybrid zones between the parapatric ranges is a conclusive evidence of evolutionary irreversibility. In the case of allopatric populations, only very high genetic distances, suggesting several tens of millions of years of independent evolution, can be used for validation of species status. This problem cannot be solved by the broader introduction of genomic phylogenies, which also fail to provide robust criteria for evolutionary irreversibility. We can hardly suppose that robust validation of species status is applicable to all or most of hundreds of thousands of animal species, including 20,000 amphibians and reptiles. Instead, practical taxonomy should concentrate on describing recognizable species, maintaining a trade-off between sufficiently detailed descriptions of world biodiversity and the applicability of these descriptions for practical use and metaanalyses, not pretending that formally described species reflect real lineages with independent and irreversible evolutionary pathways. Simultaneously, the non-critical elevation of the taxonomic status of individual geographic populations, contrary to the declared purpose of better-focusing conservation efforts, often has the opposite effect, leaving many formally described taxa outside the conservation umbrella.
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Nusen, Pornpote, Wanarut Boonyung, Sunita Nusen, Kriengsak Panuwatwanich, Paskorn Champrasert, and Manop Kaewmoracharoen. "Construction Planning and Scheduling of a Renovation Project Using BIM-Based Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 4716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114716.
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Renovation is known to be a complicated type of construction project and prone to errors compared to new constructions. The need to carry out renovation work while keeping normal business activities running, coupled with strict governmental building renovation regulations, presents an important challenge affecting construction performance. Given the current availability of robust hardware and software, building information modeling (BIM) and optimization tools have become essential tools in improving construction planning, scheduling, and resource management. This study explored opportunities to develop a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) on existing BIM. The data were retrieved from a renovation project over the 2018–2020 period. Direct and indirect project costs, actual schedule, and resource usage were tracked and retrieved to create a BIM-based MOGA model. After 500 generations, optimal results were provided as a Pareto front with 70 combinations among total cost, time usage, and resource allocation. The BIM-MOGA can be used as an efficient tool for construction planning and scheduling using a combination of existing BIM along with MOGA into professional practices. This approach would help improve decision-making during the construction process based on the Pareto front data provided.
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Audi, Robert. "I—Robert Audi: Moral Perception and Moral Knowledge." Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 84, no. 1 (2010): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8349.2010.00187.x.
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Brauers, Willem K., and Edmundas K. Zavadskas. "ROBUSTNESS OF THE MULTI‐OBJECTIVE MOORA METHOD WITH A TEST FOR THE FACILITIES SECTOR." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 15, no. 2 (2009): 325–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-8619.2009.15.352-375.
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The definition of robustness in econometrics, the error term in a linear equation, was not only broadened, but in addition moved to the meaning of common language: from a cardinal to a qualitative one. These interpretations were tested by an application on the Facilities Sector in Lithuania. The application is multi‐objective: like costs, experience and effectiveness at the side of the contractors; quality, duration of the work and cost price at the side of the owners. These objectives having all different units the dimensionless ratios of the MOORA method avoids the difficulties of normalization. In a first part of MOORA these ratios were aggregated and in a second one they were used as distances to a reference point. The results of both parts control each other, a test on robustness. Additionally, MOORA shows a robust domination on all other methods of multi‐objective optimization. For the Facilities Sector in Lithuania, both parts of MOORA resulted in a comparable ranking. In this way a double check was made on the robustness of the results. Santrauka Patikimumo apibrėžimas ekonometrikoje, kaip neteisingas terminas tiesinėje lygtyje, buvo ne tik papildytas, bet ir išreikštas įprasta kalba: nuo kiekybinio prie kokybinio. Šios interpretacijos buvo patikrintos taikant jas Lietuvos paslaugų sektoriuje. Taikymas yra daugiatikslis: iš rangovo pusės kaip išlaidos, patirtis, efektyvumas; kokybė, darbo trukmė, kaina iš užsakovo pusės. Minėtieji tikslai turi skirtingus matavimo vienetus. O jų santykiniai dydžiai neturi mato vienetų, todėl taikant MOORA metodą yra išvengiama sunkumų juos normalizuojant. Pirmoje MOORA metodo taikymo dalyje šie santykiai yra sujungiami, o antroje dalyje ieškoma atstumo iki geriausio sprendinio. Abiejų metodo dalių rezultatai pagrindžia sprendinio teisingumą. Tai rodo aiškų MOORA metodo pranašumą, palyginti su kitais daugiatikslio optimizavimo metodais. Taikant abi MOORA metodo dalis Lietuvos paslaugų sektoriui buvo sudarytas lyginamasis rangavimas, buvo atliktas dvigubas rezultatų patikimumo patikrinimas.
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Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian, Jacqueline Hernández-Luna, Partha S. Mukherjee, et al. "Hemispheric Cortical, Cerebellar and Caudate Atrophy Associated to Cognitive Impairment in Metropolitan Mexico City Young Adults Exposed to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution." Toxics 10, no. 4 (2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10040156.
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Exposures to fine particulate matter PM2.5 are associated with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s (AD, PD) and TDP-43 pathology in young Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) residents. High-resolution structural T1-weighted brain MRI and/or Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) data were examined in 302 volunteers age 32.7 ± 6.0 years old. We used multivariate linear regressions to examine cortical surface area and thickness, subcortical and cerebellar volumes and MoCA in ≤30 vs. ≥31 years old. MMC residents were exposed to PM2.5 ~ 30.9 µg/m3. Robust hemispheric differences in frontal and temporal lobes, caudate and cerebellar gray and white matter and strong associations between MoCA total and index scores and caudate bilateral volumes, frontotemporal and cerebellar volumetric changes were documented. MoCA LIS scores are affected early and low pollution controls ≥ 31 years old have higher MoCA vs. MMC counterparts (p ≤ 0.0001). Residency in MMC is associated with cognitive impairment and overlapping targeted patterns of brain atrophy described for AD, PD and Fronto-Temporal Dementia (FTD). MMC children and young adult longitudinal studies are urgently needed to define brain development impact, cognitive impairment and brain atrophy related to air pollution. Identification of early AD, PD and FTD biomarkers and reductions on PM2.5 emissions, including poorly regulated heavy-duty diesel vehicles, should be prioritized to protect 21.8 million highly exposed MMC urbanites.
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Cardona Solano, Camilo, Oscar Borja Montes, Altamash Jawadi, et al. "Gender Disparity in Clinical Trials on Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasias. a Retrospective Study." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 7713. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-211998.
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Introduction Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by malformations of the blood vessels with symptoms varying from patient to patient but commonly manifests with epistaxis & gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. However, this disorder is significantly associated with the development of visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) with resultant life-threatening complications depending on the location including significant hemorrhage, stroke, cirrhosis and heart failure (Zhang et al, Blood Adv, 2023). Clinical manifestations of HHT tend to be more severe in women, though the reasons for this disparity are not well understood (Mora-Lujan et al, Orphanet J Rare Dis, 2020). HHT is considered an understudied condition, despite the high morbidity seen among women, creating inequity in the field of hematology & understanding these disparities is crucial for improving patient outcomes (Zhang et al, Blood Adv, 2023). This descriptive, retrospective study aims to analyze clinical trials conducted over a 28 year period to provide insights into participants' gender and highlight potential disparities in the research. Methods In this study, we conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases, including PUBMED and ClinicalTrials.gov, with the aim of identifying publications on clinical trials focused on HHT treatments that were conducted from January 1996 to July 2024, including both full manuscripts and abstracts. Articles that were unavailable in English and articles that lacked preliminary results were excluded. For the eligible studies, we extracted data on several key variables: the number of participants, gender distribution, year of publication, and the year the study was initiated. We performed descriptive statistical analyses, obtaining proportions and measurements of frequency to summarize these variables and explore gender distribution. Results We identified a total of 32 studies comprising 2,248 individuals with HHT. Of these studies, 66% (n=21/32) were randomized clinical trials (RCT). Among the total individuals in these studies, 56% (n=1,264) were female & the total male-to-female ratio was 0.75. Interestingly, the male-to-female ratio varied across different time periods. For studies conducted between 1996 and 2000, the ratio was 1.37, compared to 0.78 in studies conducted between 2000 and 2009 and 0.87 in studies conducted between 2010 and 2020. There was a notable increase in the amount of clinical trials that were performed over the studied period, demonstrated by 3% (n=1/32) of the studies were developed before the year 2000 compared to 81% (n= 26/32) after the year 2010. Notably, none of the studies that were found treated pregnant patients. Conclusions The findings in this study reflects the research efforts in HHT over the past 28 years. A significant portion of our clinical trials were randomized, indicating a strong emphasis in obtaining robust clinical data. Initially, there was a more pronounced gender disparity in the enrollment of interventional studies in the early clinical trials, with a higher number of male participants than females. However, this trend has shifted over time, resulting in an enrollment with a more balanced distribution between sexes, although now, the ratio of male to female is marginally inverted. Despite HHT being the second most prevalent bleeding disorder, it appears to be understudied. Additionally, the exclusion of pregnant patients in these studies highlights a significant gap in research & suggests further investigation in this population.
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Mahmoodabadi, M. J., M. Taherkhorsandi, and A. Bagheri. "Pareto Design of State Feedback Tracking Control of a Biped Robot via Multiobjective PSO in Comparison with Sigma Method and Genetic Algorithms: Modified NSGAII and MATLAB’s Toolbox." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/303101.
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An optimal robust state feedback tracking controller is introduced to control a biped robot. In the literature, the parameters of the controller are usually determined by a tedious trial and error process. To eliminate this process and design the parameters of the proposed controller, the multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, that is, the proposed method, modified NSGAII, Sigma method, and MATLAB’s Toolbox MOGA, are employed in this study. Among the used evolutionary optimization algorithms to design the controller for biped robots, the proposed method operates better in the aspect of designing the controller since it provides ample opportunities for designers to choose the most appropriate point based upon the design criteria. Three points are chosen from the nondominated solutions of the obtained Pareto front based on two conflicting objective functions, that is, the normalized summation of angle errors and normalized summation of control effort. Obtained results elucidate the efficiency of the proposed controller in order to control a biped robot.
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Iveniuk, James, Haena Lee, Selena Zhong, et al. "RACE/ETHNICITY AND THE MEASUREMENT OF COGNITION IN NSHAP: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ROBUSTNESS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0232.
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Abstract In this study, we interrogate measurement of cognition by race, in order to move towards a less-biased and more-inclusive set of measures for capturing cognitive change and decline in older adulthood. We use data from Round 2 (N=3377) and Round 3 (N=4777) of the National Social Life Health and Aging Project (NSHAP), and examine the study’s version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We employ exploratory factor analyses to explore configural invariance by racial/ethnic group (Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, All else), and then log-likelihood tests of scalar and metric invariance. Using modification indexes we identify items that seem robust to bias by race. We test the predictive validity of the full (18-item) and short (7-item) scales using self-reported dementia diagnosis, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), proxy reports of dementia death, and National Death Index (NDI) reports of dementia death. We found that 7 measures, out of the 18 used in NSHAP’s MoCA, formed a scale that was more robust to racial bias. The shortened form predicted consequential outcomes equally well, compared to NSHAP’s full MoCA. The short form was also highly correlated with the full form, and displayed lower test-retest correlation between Round 2 and 3. Although sophisticated structural equation modeling techniques could be useful for assuaging measurement invariance by race in NSHAP, the shortened form provides a quick way for researchers to carry out robustness checks – to see if the disparities and associations they document are ‘real’ or the product of artifactual bias.
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Al-Jawad and Kalin. "Assessment of Water Resources Management Strategy under Different Evolutionary Optimization Techniques." Water 11, no. 10 (2019): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102021.
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Competitive optimization techniques have been developed to address the complexity of integrated water resources management (IWRM) modelling; however, model adaptation due to changing environments is still a challenge. In this paper we employ multi-variable techniques to increase confidence in model-driven decision-making scenarios. Here, water reservoir management was assessed using two evolutionary algorithm (EA) techniques, the epsilon-dominance-driven self-adaptive evolutionary algorithm (-DSEA) and the Borg multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA). Many objective scenarios were evaluated to manage flood risk, hydropower generation, water supply, and release sequences over three decades. Computationally, the -DSEA’s results are generally reliable, robust, effective and efficient when compared directly with the Borg MOEA but both provide decision support model outputs of value.
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Schroeder, Paul, W. Alan Brewer, Aditya Choukulkar, et al. "A Compact, Flexible, and Robust Micropulsed Doppler Lidar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 37, no. 8 (2020): 1387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-19-0142.1.
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AbstractThis work details a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) microjoule-class pulsed coherent Doppler lidar system configuration designed to measure line-of-sight wind velocities and backscatter intensity of atmospheric aerosols. The instrument is unique in its form factor. It consists of two physically separated modules connected by a 10 m umbilical cable. One module hosts the transceiver, which is composed of the telescope, transmit/receive (T/R) switch, and high-gain optical amplifier, and is housed in a small box (34.3 cm × 34.3 cm × 17.8 cm). The second module contains the data acquisition system and several electro-optical components. This form factor enables deployments on platforms that are otherwise inaccessible by commercial and research instruments of similar design. In this work, optical, electrical, and data acquisition components and configurations of the lidar are detailed and two example deployments are presented. The first deployment describes measurements of a controlled wildfire burn from a small aircraft to measure vertical plume dynamics and fire inflow conditions during summer in Florida. The second presents measurements of the marine boundary layer height and vertical velocity and variance profiles from the Research Vessel (R/V) Thomas Thompson. The new instrument has enabled greater flexibility in field campaigns where previous instruments would have been too costly or space prohibitive to deploy.
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Nahra, Cinara. "ALTRUISM AND MORAL ENHANCEMENT." Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia 61, no. 147 (2020): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-512x2020n14704cn.
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ABSTRACT In this article I will be discussing what altruism is, distinguishing altruistic motivations (pure and impure) and altruistic behaviour (soft and robust). Pure altruism is when the motivation to benefit another is exclusively to increase the other's welfare, and impure altruism is when the motivation to benefit another is solely to increase your own wellbeing, or includes on some level, increasing your own welfare. Soft altruism is helping behaviour and robust altruism is improving the welfare of another individual at the expense of the altruist. Having made these distinctions I move on to show that altruism is a requirement of morality. I argue that the three main principles of morality (categorical imperative, golden rule and the greatest happiness principle) are not only compatible with, but also recommend soft altruism. Finally I argue that the probability of people continuing to practise altruistic acts is higher when we are purely motivated, and if that is the case not only classic moral enhancement but also biotechnological moral enhancement can have a role in bringing people over to the altruistic side, stimulating their ‘other regarding ’ motivations, thus contributing to spreading altruistic behaviour and morality throughout the world.
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Routhier, E., H. Turchin, R. Patel, et al. "MORAb-003 inhibits folate-driven growth mediated by the human folate receptor alpha." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 10108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10108.
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10108 Background: MORAb-003 is a therapeutic humanized antibody currently in Phase I clinical trials for advanced ovarian cancer, and is directed against the human folate receptor alpha (FRα), an antigen which is highly overexpressed on the surface of the majority of ovarian cancers. Overexpression of FRα has been shown to confer a growth advantage to tumorigenic cells in vitro, under conditions of reduced folate availability. We have previously determined that MORAb-003 elicits robust antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-directed cytotoxicity (CDC) in vitro, and is effective in mouse xenograft models of human ovarian cancer. We now show that MORAb-003 possesses novel, growth-inhibitory functions distinct from its immune effector properties. This activity can be recapitulated, using a cell-based assay to score inhibition of folate-dependent growth. Methods: Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were engineered to express surface FRα. The cells were cultured under a low folate (< 20 nM) regimen, then re-fed medium supplemented with various concentrations (0–10 μM) of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTF), a folate preferentially internalized by the FRα. Cellular proliferation was measured as a function of added 5-MTF, in the presence or absence of MORAb-003. Results: FRα-expressing CHO cells were found to require approximately 100-fold lower 5-MTF than a matched, non-expressing cell line. This increased proliferation could be reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by MORAb-003. Conclusions: MORAb-003 can antagonize the activity of human FRα, resulting in the loss of growth advantage conferred by overexpression of FRα under conditions which bracket physiological (10–100 nM) folate concentrations. [Table: see text]
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Dare, Tim. "Robust Role-Obligation: How Do Roles Make a Moral Difference?" Journal of Value Inquiry 50, no. 4 (2016): 703–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10790-016-9577-2.
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Fuerstein, Michael. "Moral Perception, by Robert Audi." Faith and Philosophy 30, no. 4 (2013): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/faithphil201330444.
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Forman, J. "The Dracula Diary. Robert Moran." Opera Quarterly 13, no. 1 (1996): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oq/13.1.144.
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Cowan, R. "Moral Perception, by Robert Audi." Mind 123, no. 492 (2014): 1167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzu155.
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Zhong, Lei. "‘Moral Perception’, by Audi, Robert." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 92, no. 3 (2013): 585–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2013.872157.
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Moss, Justin. "Moral Perception, by Robert Audi." Teaching Philosophy 37, no. 1 (2014): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil20143718.
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Wang, Jianlei, Jingqi Lu, Ning Zhang, Chao Wang, Chun Wang, and Zhuang Zhuo. "An all-fiber high-power picosecond amplifier with Yb-doped polarization-maintaining tapered fiber." Laser Physics 33, no. 3 (2023): 035102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/acb709.
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Abstract A high-power picosecond all-fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) was demonstrated based on the Yb-doped polarization-maintaining (PM) tapered double-clad fiber (T-DCF). An all-fiberized pumping unit instead of the free space pumping structure was adopted in the MOPA system to provide a compact robust solution for high-performance amplifiers. The total average output power of 180.3 W was achieved with a slope efficiency of 80.8% by taking advantages of the large fiber mode area and the suppression of nonlinear effects in the T-DCF. The peak power was calculated to be 27.7 kW at the pulse width of 260.8 ps and the repetition rate of 24.91 MHz. The polarization extinction ratio and beam quality (M 2 factor) were measured to be ∼10 dB (91%) and ∼12, respectively.
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Chen, Wan-Ting, Nai-Fang Chi, Hao-Min Cheng, et al. "Associations Between Cerebral Vasoreactivity and Cognitive Function in the Middle-Aged Non-Demented Population." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 86, no. 2 (2022): 679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-215317.
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Background: Increasing evidence shows early vascular dysregulation in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in elderly population. Objective: We wondered about the relationship between vascular health and cognitive performance in middle-aged adults. The present study aims to evaluate whether and which brain vascular hemodynamic parameters are associated with cognitive functions in a middle-aged, non-demented population. Methods: We recruited 490 middle-aged community-based participants (30–60 years). Transcranial color-coded sonography was used to measure cerebral vascular hemodynamics, including mean flow velocity, pulsatility index, and breath-holding index (BHI) in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). Cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A multivariate linear regression model was used to determine the association between the MoCA scores and each intracranial hemodynamic parameter. Results: In 369 participants (median age 52 years [IQR 47–56], 48.8% men) with robust acoustic windows, the factors related to poorer MoCA scores were older age, less education extent, and the habitats of cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption. Multivariate analyses did not show a significant association between any intracranial hemodynamic parameters in both MCAs and MoCA scores in the total study population. Left MCA BHI was found to be significantly and independently correlated with the MoCA scores only in people aged 55–60 years (n = 111, B = 0.70, 95% confidence interval, 0.13–1.26, p = 0.017), however, not in people younger than 55 years. Conclusion: Our results emphasize the role of neurovascular abnormalities in the early pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and suggest cerebral vasoreactivity as the earliest detectable cognition-associated hemodynamic parameter.