Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Robustesa'
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Serrano, García Javier. "Aspectos de implementación y análisis de robustez en CPBM." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3061.
Full textGüney, Emre 1983. "Role of network topology based methods in discovering novel gene-phenotype associations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/113605.
Full textLa cèl•lula es regeix per interaccions complexes entre diferents tipus de biomolècules. Juntament amb factors ambientals, variacions en el DNA poden causar alteracions en la funció normal dels gens i provocar malalties. Sovint, aquests fenotips de malaltia involucren una desregulació coordinada de múltiples gens implicats en vies interconnectades. Per tal de comprendre i caracteritzar millor els mecanismes subjacents en malalties humanes, en aquesta tesis presento el programa GUILD, una plataforma que prioritza gens relacionats amb una malaltia en concret fent us de la topologia de xarxe. A partir d’un conjunt conegut de gens implicats en una malaltia, GUILD associa altres gens amb la malaltia mitjancant la topologia global de la xarxa d’interaccions de proteïnes. A més a més, analitzo les relacions mecanístiques entre gens associats a malalties i explico la robustesa es desprèn d’aquesta anàlisi. També presento GUILDify, un servidor web de fácil ús per la priorització de gens i la seva associació a un determinat fenotip. Finalment, descric els mètodes més recents en què el model•latge de xarxes ha ajudat extendre el coneixement sobre malalties complexes, com per exemple a càncer.
Puig, Cayuela Vicenç. "Aportación a la Generación de Umbrales Adaptativos a partir de Envolventes de Sistemas con Modelos Aproximados. Aplicación a la Detección y Diagnosis Robusta de Fallos en Procesos Industriales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6204.
Full textLa generación de envolventes para su posterior utilización como un umbral adaptativo en un método de detección y diagnóstico de fallo es todavía hoy un problema abierto. Se han propuesto muchos algoritmos para su generación pero ninguno de ellos consigue
garantizar la obtención de las envolventes correctas, entendiendo como correctas aquellas envolventes debidas a la incertidumbre presente en los parámetros del sistema y a la incertidumbre sobre los estados iniciales.
El método de generación de envolventes propuesto en esta tesis consigue generar las envolventes con la precisión deseada y con la incertidumbre acumulada por el proceso de generación de las envolventes acotada.
Los resultados y aportaciones más significativas que se han obtenido en esta tesis se enumeran a continuación:
. Nuevo algoritmo para la generación de envolventes basado en optimización y en el paradigma de las ventanas deslizantes.
. Determinación analítica y mediante simulaciones de la longitud de ventana óptima para obtener unas envolventes correctas.
. Demostración de que el nuevo algoritmo evita los problemas que padecen la mayoría de algoritmos de generación de envolventes: wrapping, multiincidencias, problemas de óptimos locales y el problema de propagación de la incertidumbre.
Muñoz, i. Solà Víctor. "Robustness on resource allocation problems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7753.
Full textAquesta tesi se centra en l'elaboració de tècniques que consideren la incertesa alhora de cercar solucions robustes, és a dir solucions que puguin continuar essent vàlides encara que hi hagi canvis en l'entorn. Particularment, introduïm el concepte de robustesa basat en reparabilitat, on una solució robusta és una que pot ser reparada fàcilment en cas que hi hagi incidències. La nostra aproximació es basa en lògica proposicional, codificant el problema en una fórmula de satisfactibilitat Booleana, i aplicant tècniques de reformulació per a la generació de solucions robustes. També presentem un mecanisme per a incorporar flexibilitat a les solucions robustes, de manera que es pugui establir fàcilment el grau desitjat entre robustesa i optimalitat de les solucions.
Resource allocation problems usually include uncertainties that can produce changes in the data of the problem. These changes may cause difficulties in the applicability of the solutions.
This thesis is focused in the elaboration of techniques that take into account such uncertainties while searching for robust solutions, i.e. solutions that can remain valid even if there are changes in the environment. Particularly, we introduce the concept of robustness based on reparability, where a robust solution is one that can be easily repaired when unexpected events occur. Our approach is based in propositional logic, encoding the problem to a Boolean formula, and applying reformulation techniques in order to generate robust solutions. Additionally, we present a mechanism to incorporate flexibility to the robust solutions, so that one can easily set the desired degree between optimality and robustness.
Manzano, Castro Marc. "New robustness evaluation mechanism for complex networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/295713.
Full textLa ciència de les xarxes (o network science) ha avançat significativament en l'última dècada, proporcionant coneixement sobre l'estructura subjacent i la dinàmica de les xarxes complexes (o complex networks). Infraestructures crítiques com xarxes de telecomunicacions, juguen un paper fonamental per garantir el bon funcionament de la vida moderna. Aquestes xarxes han de lidiar constantment amb fallades dels seus components. En escenaris de fallades múltiples, on els esquemes de protecció i restauració tradicionals no són adequats degut a la gran quantitat de recursos que serien necessaris, el concepte de robustesa (o robustness) s'utilitza per tal de quantificar com de bona és una xarxa quan es produeix una fallada a gran escala. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és, en primer lloc, investigar les amenaces actuals de les xarxes d'avui en dia que poden portar a escenaris de fallades múltiples i, en segon lloc, proposar nous indicadors capaços de quantificar la robustesa d'aquestes xarxes.
Rueda, Pepinosa Diego Fernando. "Geographical interdependent robustness measures in transportation networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665989.
Full textLa mayoría de redes de transporte interactúan con otras para para soportar el modo de vida de la sociedad moderna. En las redes interdependientes, el correcto funcionamiento depende de la operación normal de las redes que están interconectadas. El objetivo de esta tesis es medir y analizar la robustez de diferentes modelos de redes interdependientes bajo fallas de gran escala y, en particular, considerar redes interdependientes donde al menos una de las redes es una red de telecomunicaciones. Los efectos de diferentes modelos de red y procesos dinámicos de propagación de fallos entre redes son considerados. Nuevas estrategias de interconexión son propuestas para mejorar la robustez de las redes interconectadas mediante el análisis de la vulnerabilidad de las redes a fallas y ataques dirigidos. Además, se propone un modelo mejorado para la interconexión basada en regiones considerando un límite para el número de enlaces de interconexión entre las redes interconectadas
Koduri, Rajesh. "Robustesse de la commande pr´edictive explicite." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC052/document.
Full textThe control design techniques for linear or hybrid systems with constraints lead often to off-line state-space partitions with non-overlapping convex polyhedral regions. This corresponds to a piecewise affine (PWA) state feedback control laws associated to polyhedral partition of the state-space. Such control laws can be effectively implemented on hardwares for real-time control applications. However, the robustness of the explicit solutions depends on the accuracy of the mathematical model of the dynamical systems. The uncertainties in the system model poses serious challenges concerning the stability and implementation of the piecewise affine control laws. Motivated by the challenges facing the explicit solutions for the uncertainties in the dynamical systems, this thesis is mostly related to their analysis and re-design. The first part of this thesis aims to compute robustness margins for a given nominal PWA control law obtained for a linear discrete-time system. Classical Robustness margin i.e., gain margin and phase margin, considers the gain variation and phase variation of the model for which the stability of the closed loop is preserved.The second part of the thesis aims to consider perturbation in the representation of the vertices of the polyhedral regions. The quantized state-space partitions lose some of the important property of the explicit controllers: “non-overlapping”, “convexity” and “invariant” characterization. Two different sets called vertex-sensitivity and sensitivity margin are defined and determined to characterize admissible perturbation preserving the non-overlapping and the invariance property of the controller respectively. The third part analyse the complexity of the explicit solutions in terms of computational time and memory storage. Sequential and parallel evaluations of the PWA functions for the Alternating Direction Method of Multiplier (ADMM) algorithm are compared. In addition a comparison of the computational complexity of the parallel evaluations of the PWA functions for the Progressive Hedging Algorithm (PHA) on the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) is made
Bayon, Benoît. "Estimation robuste pour les systèmes incertains." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780094.
Full textZehrouni, Afafe. "Planification intégrée et robuste des ressources ferroviaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM008.
Full textThe railway operations' planning consists in finding the best use of the available infrastructure, rollingstock and crew units to cover a given timetable. A commonly adopted scheme breaks down planningas decision-making levels and resources.However, the occurrence of perturbations may deteriorate the quality of the solutions or even makethem infeasible. Therefore, railway operators aim to find robust schedules that minimize the impact ofperturbations. To this purpose, the decisions made for each resource (infrastructure, rolling stock andcrew) must include the demand cover as well as the robustness objectives.Nevertheless, all tested strategies focus on a single resource at a time, neglecting resource sharing andits impact on the robustness. But the sequential scheme of resource planning can increase thepropagation delays on other trains. Integrating of tactical decisions of the three resourcesinfrastructure, rolling stock and crew can result in a more robust schedule that minimizes thepropagation of delays. The main motivations of the thesis come from this idea.The objective of this work is to develop decision support tools that provide an integrated and robustplanning of railway resources at the tactical level. We propose in this thesis several contributions:1. An optimization model that aims to develop a robust transport plan of the three critical resourcessimultaneously.2. A simulation model (discrete event) to assess the robustness of transport plans. We are trying at thisstage to reproduce the actual behavior of the rail system and the use of three critical resources
Mathieu, Timothée. "M-estimation and Median of Means applied to statistical learning Robust classification via MOM minimization MONK – outlier-robust mean embedding estimation by median-of-means Excess risk bounds in robust empirical risk minimization." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASM002.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study methods for robust statistical learning. Traditionally, in statistics we use models or simplifying assumptions that allow us to represent the real world. However, some deviations from the hypotheses can strongly disrupt the statistical analysis of a database. By robust statistics, we mean methods that can handle on the one hand so-called abnormal data (sensor error, human error) but also data of a highly variable nature. We apply robust techniques to statistical learning, giving theoretical efficiency results of the proposed methods as well as illustrations on simulated and real data
Melero, Nogués Maria Teresa. "Combining machine learning and rule-based approaches in Spanish syntactic generation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7501.
Full textThis thesis describes a Spanish Generation grammar which combines hand-written rules and Machine Learning techniques. This grammar belongs to a full-scale commercial quality Machine Translation system developed at Microsoft Research. The first part presents the grammar and the linguistic strategies it embodies. The need for robustness in real-world situations in the everyday use of the MT system requires from the Generator an extra effort which is resolved by adding a Pre-Generation layer which is able to fix the input to Generation, without contaminating the grammar rules. In the second part we explore the use of Decision Tree classifiers (DT) for automatically learning one of the operations that take place in the Pre-Generation component, namely lexical selection of the Spanish copula (i.e. ser and estar). We show that it is possible to infer from examples the contexts for this non-trivial linguistic phenomenon with high accuracy.
Gelso, Esteban Reinaldo. "A proposal for the diagnosis of uncertain dynamic systems based on interval models." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7750.
Full textEN
Las prestaciones de un sistema de diagnosis basado en modelos se pueden ver afectadas por fuentes de incertidumbre como los errores en el modelo,la incertidumbre en las medidas y las perturbaciones.Esta incertidumbre se puede tratar mediante modelos intervalares.Esta tesis propone una metodología de detección, aislamiento e identificación de fallos basada en modelos intervalares. La metodología incluye algoritmos para obtener de manera automática la expresión simbólica de los generadores de residuos mejorando la aislabilidad estructural de los fallos. Estos algoritmos se basan en el modelo estructural del sistema.Las etapas de detección, aislamiento, e identificación de fallos se representan como problemas de satisfacción de restricciones en dominios continuos y se resuelven por medio de técnicas de consistencia basadas en intervalos.Una mejora en el aislamiento cualitativo de los fallos se obtiene por razonamiento con los signos de los síntomas, que se obtienen de relaciones de redundancia analítica o de modelos bond graph del sistema.Esta tesis también presenta un análisis empírico inicial de las diferencias entre las técnicas basadas en intervalos y las basadas en técnicas estadísticas.Las prestaciones y la eficiencia de las contribuciones de la tesis se ilustran a través de unos cuantos ejemplos de aplicación, que cubren diferentes niveles de complejidad.
Maghrebi, Houssem. "Les contre-mesures par masquage contre les attaques HO-DPA : évaluation et amélioration de la sécurité en utilisant des encodages spécifiques." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00913472.
Full textALENCAR, Francisco Hildemar Calixto de. "Diagnóstico de influência para uma família de modelos de regressão para dados de taxas e proporções." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17127.
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capes
Existem situações na modelagem estatística em que a variável de interesse é contínua e restrita no intervalo aberto (0, 1), tais como taxas e proporções. Esses tipos de variáveis tipicamente apresentam características de assimetria e heteroscedasticidade, sendo assim inapropriado o uso do modelo normal linear. Kieschnick e McCullough (2003) indicaram após estudos de diferentes estratégias para modelar tais variáveis, o uso do modelo de regressão beta. Contudo, Hahn (2008) e García et al. (2011) observaram que a distribuição beta não é apropriada para o caso em que há ocorrência de eventos extremos; isto é, eventos que possam ocorrer na cauda da distribuição. Com o intuito de obter maior flexibilidade no modelo de regressão beta, Bayes et al. (2012) propuseram o modelo de regressão beta retangular considerando a distribuição beta retangular proposta por Hahn (2008). Este modelo possui como casos particulares o modelo de regressão beta proposto por Ferrari e Cribari-Neto (2004) e o modelo de regressão beta com dispersão variável proposto por Smithson e Verkuilen (2006). Esta dissertação tem como proposta avaliar o uso das divergências Kullback-Leibler e χ 2 , bem como, das distâncias estocásticas Kullback-Leibler, χ 2 , Bhattacharyya, Hellinger, triangular e média-harmônica e da distância L1 norm na detecção de observações atípicas nos modelos de regressão beta e beta retangular. Com este fim, realizamos um estudo de simulação de Monte Carlo em que ajustamos, sob o enfoque Bayesiano esses dois modelos. Nesse estudo, observamos que a divergência χ 2 demonstrou maior eficiência, que as demais medidas, na detecção de observações atípicas. A introdução dos pontos atípicos foi feita em ambas as variáveis, dependente e regressora. Por fim, apresentamos uma aplicação utilizando o conjunto de dados AIS (Australian Institute of Sport).
There are situations in the statistical modeling where the interested variable is continuous and restricted in the open interval (0,1) as rates and proportions. This type of variables typically show characteristics of asymmetry and heterocedasticity, this way unappropriated the use of the linear normal model. Kieschnick e McCullough (2003) after studies of different strategies to model variables of rates and proportions indicate the use of the regression model based on the beta distribution. However, Hahn (2008) and García et al. (2011) observed which the beta distribution is not appropriated for case where there are events in the tail of the distribution. In order to obtain greater flexibility in the beta regression model Bayes et al. (2012) proposed the rectangular beta regression model based on rectangular beta distribution proposed by Hahn (2008). This model has as particular cases the beta regression model proposed by Ferrari e Cribari-Neto (2004) and the beta regression model with variable dispersion proposed by Smithson e Verkuilen (2006). This dissertation has the purpose of evaluate the use of divergences Kullback-Leibler and χ 2 as well of stochastic distances Kullback-Leibler, χ 2 , Bhattacharyya, Hellinger, triangular and média-harmônica, and distance L1 norm in detecting atypical points in beta regression model and beta rectangular regression model. To this end, we conducted a Monte Carlo simulation study in which fitted under the Bayesian approach, these two models. This study showed that the difference χ 2 demonstrated higher efficiency than the other measures, the detection of atypical observations.The introduction of atypical points was carried out in both variables, dependent and independent. Finally, we present an application using the set of AIS (Australian Institute of Sport).
Cherief-Abdellatif, Badr-Eddine. "Contributions to the theoretical study of variational inference and robustness." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAG001.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with variational inference and robustness. More precisely, it focuses on the statistical properties of variational approximations and the design of efficient algorithms for computing them in an online fashion, and investigates Maximum Mean Discrepancy based estimators as learning rules that are robust to model misspecification.In recent years, variational inference has been extensively studied from the computational viewpoint, but only little attention has been put in the literature towards theoretical properties of variational approximations until very recently. In this thesis, we investigate the consistency of variational approximations in various statistical models and the conditions that ensure the consistency of variational approximations. In particular, we tackle the special case of mixture models and deep neural networks. We also justify in theory the use of the ELBO maximization strategy, a model selection criterion that is widely used in the Variational Bayes community and is known to work well in practice.Moreover, Bayesian inference provides an attractive online-learning framework to analyze sequential data, and offers generalization guarantees which hold even under model mismatch and with adversaries. Unfortunately, exact Bayesian inference is rarely feasible in practice and approximation methods are usually employed, but do such methods preserve the generalization properties of Bayesian inference? In this thesis, we show that this is indeed the case for some variational inference algorithms. We propose new online, tempered variational algorithms and derive their generalization bounds. Our theoretical result relies on the convexity of the variational objective, but we argue that our result should hold more generally and present empirical evidence in support of this. Our work presents theoretical justifications in favor of online algorithms that rely on approximate Bayesian methods. Another point that is addressed in this thesis is the design of a universal estimation procedure. This question is of major interest, in particular because it leads to robust estimators, a very hot topic in statistics and machine learning. We tackle the problem of universal estimation using a minimum distance estimator based on the Maximum Mean Discrepancy. We show that the estimator is robust to both dependence and to the presence of outliers in the dataset. We also highlight the connections that may exist with minimum distance estimators using L2-distance. Finally, we provide a theoretical study of the stochastic gradient descent algorithm used to compute the estimator, and we support our findings with numerical simulations. We also propose a Bayesian version of our estimator, that we study from both a theoretical and a computational points of view
Derrien, Alban. "Ordonnancement cumulatif en programmation par contraintes : caractérisation énergétique des raisonnements et solutions robustes." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMNA0230/document.
Full textConstraint programming is an approach regularly used to treat a variety of scheduling problems. Cumulative scheduling problems represent a class of problems in which non-preemptive tasks can be performed in parallel. These problems appear in many contexts, such as for example the allocation of virtual machines, the ordering process in the "cloud", personnel management or a port. Many mechanisms have been adapted and offered in constraint programming to solve scheduling problems. The various adaptations have resulted in reasoning that appear a priori significantly different. In this thesis we performed a detailed analysis of the various arguments, offering both a theoretical unified caracterization but also dominance rules, allowing a significant improvement in execution time of algorithms from the state of the art, up to a factor of seven. we also propose a new framework for robust cumulative scheduling, to find solutions that support at any time one or more tasks to be delayed while keeping a satisfactory end date of the project and without calling into question the generated scheduling. In this context, we propose an adaptation of an algorithm of the state of the art, Dynamic Sweep
Chinot, Geoffrey. "Localization methods with applications to robust learning and interpolation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAG002.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with supervized machine learning and statistics. The main goal is to use localization techniques to derive fast rates of convergence, with a particular focus on robust learning and interpolation problems.Localization methods aim to analyze localized properties of an estimator to obtain fast rates of convergence, that is rates of order O(1/n), where n is the number of observations. Under assumptions, such as the Bernstein condition, such rates are attainable.A robust estimator is an estimator with good theoretical guarantees, under as few assumptions as possible. This question is getting more and more popular in the current era of big data. Large dataset are very likely to be corrupted and one would like to build reliable estimators in such a setting. We show that the well-known regularized empirical risk minimizer (RERM) with Lipschitz-loss function is robust with respect to heavy-tailed noise and outliers in the label. When the class of predictor is heavy-tailed, RERM is not reliable. In this setting, we show that minmax Median of Means estimators can be a solution. By construction minmax-MOM estimators are also robust to an adversarial contamination.Interpolation problems study learning procedure with zero training error. Surprisingly, in large dimension, interpolating the data does not necessarily implies over-fitting. We study a high dimensional Gaussian linear model and show that sometimes the over-fitting may be benign
Picheral, Laura. "Contribution à la conception préliminaire robuste en ingéniérie de produit." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992390.
Full textBusatto-Gaston, Damien. "Symbolic controller synthesis for timed systems : robustness and optimality." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0461.
Full textThe field of reactive synthesis studies ways to obtain,starting from a specification, a system that is correctby construction.A classical approach models this setting as azero-sum game played by two players on a transition system,and asks whether player controller canensure an objective against any competing player environment.We focus on real-time specifications,modelled as timed automata with reachability or Büchi acceptance conditions,and present symbolic ways to synthesise strategies for the controller.We consider two problems, either restricting controller to robust strategiesor aiming for optimal strategies in a weighted game setting
Buchet, Arnaud. "Identification de marqueurs de la robustesse du porcelet au sevrage." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARB308/document.
Full textThe concept of robustness can be defined as the ability to maintain performances and health whatever environmental conditions. Weaning is the step where the biggest part of antibiotics is used because it is the source of multiple perturbations for the piglet. The identification of robust pigs could allow settling specific care and/or genetic selection on this criteria. The objectives of this thesis were to identify physiological parameters associated with the robustness of piglet at weaning and to predict this robustness by biological variables describing those measured responses before and after weaning. To answer to this objective, physiological variables were first measured in very different environments and, then, those ones associated with the robustness were identified. A first experiment was realized in experimental unit, aiming to study the effects of age, weaning conditions and health on the evolution of blood variables describing immune and metabolic status, stress and oxidatGrowth performances and health status were the two controlled factors of variations of farms. The analysis of data allowed us to show a high influence of health status on physiological variables around weaning. Some variables describing oxidative status, metabolic status and the activation of immune system were associated with the robustness of piglet at weaning. Thus, the most robust piglets are those ones who, in favorable or unfavorable environments, have a capacity to limit their oxidative stress, to mobilize less body reserves and to activate quickly their immune system. Those variables
Sankur, Ocan. "Robustness in timed automata : analysis, synthesis, implementation." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910333.
Full textChu, Hoang-Nam. "Test et évaluation de la robustesse de la couche fonctionnelle d'un robot autonome." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0054/document.
Full textThe implementation of autonomous systems requires the development and the using of multi-layer software architecture. Typically, a functional layer contains several modules that control the material of the system and provide elementary services. To be robust, the functional layer must be implemented with protection mechanisms with respect to erroneous or inopportune requests sent from the superior layer. We present a methodology for robustness testing these mechanisms. We define a general framework to evaluate the robustness of a functional layer by characterizing its behavior with respect to inappropriate requests. We also propose an validation environment based on fault injection in the control software of a simulated robot. A great number of test cases is generated automatically by the mutation of a sequence of valid requests. The descriptive statistics of the behaviors in the presence of inappropriate requests are analyzed in order to evaluate the robustness of the system under test
Bèges, Rémi. "Analysis and modeling methods for predicting functional robustness of integrated circuits during fast transient events." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30046/document.
Full textMiniaturization of electronic circuits continues nowadays with the more recent technology nodes being applied to diverse fields of application such as automotive. Very dense and small integrated circuits are interesting for economic reasons, because they are cheaper to manufacture in mass and can pack more functionalities with elevated performances. The counterpart of size reduction is integrated circuits becoming more fragile electrically. In the automotive world, the new trend of fully autonomous driving is seeing tremendous progress recently. Autonomous vehicles must take decisions and perform critical actions such as braking or steering the wheel. Those decisions are taken by electronic modules, that have now very high responsibilities with regards of our safety. It is important to ensure that those modules will operate no matter the kind of disturbances they can be exposed to. The automotive world is a quite harsh environment for electronic systems. A major source of electrical stress is called the Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). It is a very sudden flow of electricity of large amplitude capable of destroying electronic components, or disturb them during their normal operation. This research focuses on functional failures where functionality can be temporarily lost after an ESD with various impact on the vehicle. To guarantee before manufacturing that a module and its components will perform their duty correctly, new analysis and prediction methods are required against soft-failures caused by electrostatic discharges. In this research, different approaches have been explored and proposed towards that goal. First, a modelling method for reproducing the ESD waveforms from the test generator up to the integrated circuit input is presented. It is based on a hierarchical approach where each element of the system is modelled individually, then added to the complete setup model. A practical case of functional failure at silicon-level is analyzed using simulation tools. To acquire more data on this fault, a testchip has been designed. It contains on-chip monitoring structures to measure voltage and current, and monitor function behavior directly at silicon-level. The last part of this research details different analysis methods developed for identifying efficiently functional weaknesses. The methods rely heavily on simulation tools, and prototypes have been implemented to prove the initial concepts. The first method models each function inside the chip individually, using behavioral models, then enables to connect the models together to deduce the full function's robustness. It enables hierarchical analysis of complex integrated circuit designs, to identify potential weak spots inside the circuit that could require more shielding or protection. The second method is focused on constructing equivalent electrical black box models of integrated circuit functions. The goal is to model the IC with a behavioral, black-box model capable of reproducing waveforms in powered conditions during the ESD. In summary, this research work has led to the development of several hardware and software prototypes. It has also highlighted important modelling challenges to solve in future works to achieve better functional robustness against electrostatic discharges
Zotkiewicz, Mateusz. "Robust routing optimization in resilient networks : Polyhedral model and complexity issues." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TELE0001/document.
Full textIn the thesis robust routing design problems in resilient networks are considered. In the first part computational complexity of such problems are discussed. The following cases are considered: - path protection and path restoration - failure-dependent and failure-independent restoration - cases with and without stub-release - single-link failures and multiple-link failures (shared risk link group) - non-bifurcated (unsplittable) flows and bifurcated flows For each of the related optimization cases a mixed-integer (in the non-bifurcated cases) or linear programming formulation (in all bifurcated cases) is presented, and their computational complexity is investigated. For the NP-hard cases original NP-hardness proofs are provided, while for the polynomial cases compact linear programming formulations (which prove the polynomiality in the question) are discussed. Moreover, pricing problems related to each of the considered NP-hard problems are discussed. The second part of the thesis deals with various routing strategies in networks where the uncertainty issues are modeled using the polyhedral model. In such networks two extrema are possible. The simplest in terms of implementation, and simultaneously the least effective strategy, is the robust stable routing. On the other hand, the most effective strategy, i.e., the dynamic routing, is virtually impossible to implement in real world networks. Therefore, the major aim of this part of the thesis is to present novel routing strategies that merge the simplicity of the robust stable routing with the efficiency of the dynamic routing
Benattia, Seif Eddine. "Robustification de la commande prédictive non linéaire - Application à des procédés pour le développement durable." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC066/document.
Full textThe last few years have led to very rapid developments, both in the formulation and the application of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) algorithms, with a relatively wide range of industrial achievements. One of the most significant challenges encountered during the development of this control law is due to uncertainties in the model of the system. In this context, the thesis addresses the design of NMPC control laws robust towards model uncertainties. Usually, the above design can be achieved through solving a min-max optimization problem. In this case, the idea is to minimize the tracking error for the worst possible uncertainty realization. However, this robust approach tends to become too complex to be solved numerically online, especially in the case of multivariable systems with a large number of uncertain parameters. To address this shortfall, the proposed approach consists in simplifying the min-max optimization problem through a sensitivity analysis of the model with respect to its parameters, in order to reduce the calculation time. First, the criterion is linearized around the model parameters nominal values. The optimization variables are either the system control inputs or the control increments over the prediction horizon. The initial optimization problem is then converted either into a convex optimization problem, or a one-dimensional minimization problem, depending on the nature of the constraints on the states and commands. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is also addressed. Finally, a hierarchical control strategy is developed, that combines a robust model predictive control law with an integral sliding mode controller, in order to cancel any tracking error. The proposed approaches are applied through two case studies to the control of microorganisms culture in bioreactors
Tréfond, Sabine. "Planification robuste des roulements d’engins dans le domaine ferroviaire." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0921/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with robust rolling-stock planning problems for passenger regional trains. It consists in building robust rolling-stock schedules to operate trains under technical constraints while anticipating operational disturbances that can occur. First of all, we define indicators to characterize robustness in context. We use these indicators to have an effect on solutions that we build. This structural approach is unusual compared to classical robust optimization approaches. We have implemented three methods to solve the problem. A sequential heuristic method enhanced by a local search gives solutions quickly. A column-generation method calculates approximate solutions.An integer linear program is solved exactly to obtain solutions to a global problem. These methods are based on an existing tool at SNCF that optimizes the rolling-stock planning problem to assure optimal production costs. A simulation tool evaluates robustness indicators to compare solutions. Tests on real instances have proved the relevance of the approaches and have lead to the use of a prototype in production
Bouré, Olivier. "" Le simple est-il robuste ? " : une étude de la robustesse des systèmes complexes par les automates cellulaires." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918545.
Full textKagho, Gouadjio Nadia Christiana. "Étude de la vulnérabilité et de la robustesse des ouvrages." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1003/document.
Full textStructural robustness is associated with several definitions depending on context. In the field of structural engineering, the Eurocodes define structural robustness as “the ability of a structure to withstand events like fire, explosions, impact or the consequences of human error, without being damaged to an extent disproportionate to the original cause”. Such a definition clearly involves concepts of local and global failures. This PhD work proposes a methodology to quantify structural robustness in a probabilistic way and to assess the impact of local failures on global failures. The main objective of this PhD is to quantify the gap between local and global failures by introducing several robustness indices proposed for undamaged and damaged structures. To qualify and quantify the relationships between the performance of the different structural components and the overall structural performance, it is necessary to introduce a system-level analysis which simultaneously considers concepts of local failure modes and global failure events. An inner approach is introduced to determine significant failure sequences and to characterize stochastically dominant failure paths identified by using branch-and-bound, β-unzipping, and mixed β-unzipping with bounding methods. These methods enable to determine significant failure paths with reasonable computational times. In particular, the path with the largest probability of occurrence is considered as the reference failure path. An outer approach is also proposed which identifies global failure without using an event-tree search (and, consequently, without analyzing the order in the failure sequence). This concept characterizes an overall and simultaneous failure of different components without determining the chronology in the failure event. In both cases, the goal is to provide a general and widely applicable framework for qualifying and quantifying the robustness level of new and existing structures through the introduction of methodologies and indices
Naji, Widad. "Robust and stable optimization for parallel machine scheduling problems." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI036/document.
Full textScheduling on unrelated parallel machines is a common problem in many systems (as semi-conductors manufacturing,multiprocessor computer applications, textile industry, etc.). In this thesis, we consider two variantsof this problem under uncertain processing time. In the first case, each job can be split into continuoussub-jobs and processed independently on the machines with allowed overlappinf. In the second case whichis termed preemption, we prohibit the overlapping. From a mathematical viewpoint, the splitting problem isa relaxed version of the preemptive problem. The objective is to minimize the makespan.The deterministic linear formulations provided by the literature allow to solve these problems in polynomialtimes under the hypothesis of certainty. But, when we consider uncertain processing times, thesealgorithms suffer from some limitations. Indeed, the solutions compouted based on a nominal instance,supposed to be certain, turn usually to be suboptimal when applied to the actual realization of processingtimes.We incorporate the uncertain processing times in these problems without making any assumption ontheir distribution. Hence, we use discrete scenarios to represent the uncetain processing times and we adopta proactive approach to provide robust solutions. We use special case policies that are commongly used inthe industry to compute robust solutions. We show that the solutions based on some of those policies arepotentially good in terms of robustness according to the worst-case makespan, especially the scenario smaxsolution under which all the processing times are set to their maximal values. However, the robustness costsof these solutions are not satisfying. Thus, we propose to compute optimal robust solutions. For this purpose,we use a mathematical trick that allows us to formulate and solve, in polynomila times, the robust versionsof the considered scheduling problems. Moreover, the computational results affirm that the robustness costof the optimal solution is not usually very high.Moreover, we evaluate the stability of the robust solutions under a new scenario induced by variations.In fact, the decision-maker is only responsible for the consequences of the decisions when the processingtime realizations are within the represented uncertainty set. Thus, we define stability of a robust solution asits ability to cover a new scenario with minor deviations regarding its structure and its performance.The global motivation of this thesis is then to provide a decision support to help decision maker computerobust solutions and choose among these robust solutions those with the most stable structure and the moststable performance
MATOS, Romário Ferreira de. "INDICADORES INTERNOS E EXTERNOS PARA ESTIMATIVA DA DIGESTIBILIDADE APARENTE DA MATÉRIA SECA EM OVINOS." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1277.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T12:36:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romario ferreira de Matos.pdf: 289293 bytes, checksum: 6e794c84f3b40406735e5e1ba5ad15b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21
The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the apparent dry matter digestibility estimates obtained using internal and external markers in sheep fed diets containing sugar-cane-tip hay or treated with urea or calcium. Also, it was evaluated the robustness of the markers in relation to the variation of dry matter intake (CMS) and the mean live weight (PV) of the animals. Were used 20 male, uncastrated, mestizos without defined breed pattern (SPRD) x Santa Inês, with a mean live weight of 29.64 ± 5.53 kg and age of approximately 12 months, in randomized block design, based on live weight. Estimates of total fecal dry matter yield and digestibility of DM and nutrients were performed using the method of total fecal collection and using internal markers, represented by the indigestible constituents MSi, FDNi and FDAi and the external indicator titanium dioxide (TiO2). Accuracy of the markers was evaluated by the mean bias, which is the difference between the value predicted by the indicator and the value observed by the total collection of feces, the most accurate indicator being considered, which presents a mean bias closer to zero. Precision, a measure of dispersion between predicted and observed values, represents the mean distance variability between these values and was evaluated by the mean square root of the prediction error. The robustness analysis of each indicator was performed by regressing the bias according to the CMS variables and PV. TiO2 presented a faecal recovery rate (TRF) of less than 100% and for the internal markers MSi, FDNi and FDAi. TRF was greater than 100%. There was a difference for the mean bias (P <0.05), which shows that there are differences in the markers regarding their accuracy for fecal yield estimates and, consequently, estimates of apparent dry matter digestibility (DMS) in sheep. The estimated of digestibility of dry matter (DMS) for internal markers MSi, FDNi and FDAi are recommended because the results obtained by these are not influenced by the CMS and PV.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la exactitud y precisión de las estimaciones de la digestibilidad materia seca aparente obtenida con el uso de indicadores internos y externos en ovejas alimentado con punta heno caña de azúcar sin tratar o tratado con urea u óxido de calcio. Además, se evaluó la robustez de los indicadores en relación con la variación del consumo de materia seca (CMS) y el peso vivo (PV) promedio animales. 20 ovejas machos se utilizaron patrón sin castrar sin mestizo raza definida (SPRD) x St. Agnes, con un peso promedio 29,64 ± 5,53 kg y envejecido aproximadamente 12 meses en el diseño de bloques al azar, con base en el peso viva. Las estimaciones de la producción total de materia seca fecal y la digestibilidad de la materia seca y los nutrientes se llevaron a cabo por el método de recogida de heces total y uso de indicadores internos, representados por los componentes indigeribles MSi, INDF y FDAi y dióxido de titanio indicador externo (TiO2), y los indicadores y tratamientos bloques de animales. La exactitud de los indicadores se evaluó por el sesgo de la media, que es el diferencia entre el valor predicho por el indicador y el valor observado por la colección total heces, se considera el indicador más precisa que la presente sesgo media más cerca de cero. La precisión, una medida de valores de dispersión entre el predicho y variabilidad observada es la distancia media entre estos valores y era evaluadas por la raíz cuadrada media del error de predicción. El análisis de robustez de cada indicador se realizó una regresión a las variables de polarización de función CMS y el peso corporal promedio. TiO2 mostró tasa de recuperación fecal (FRR) de menos de 100% y para el indicadores internos MSi, INDF y FDAi la TRF fue mayor que 100%. Hubo diferencias para el sesgo de la media (P <0,05), que no muestra ninguna diferencia como el indicador de su precisión para la estimación de la producción fecal y por lo tanto las estimaciones la digestibilidad de la materia seca (DMD) en bovinos. Los indicadores internos MSI INDF y FDAi se recomiendan para la estimación de la producción total de crudo y se seca fecal DM, ya que los resultados de estos no son CMS influenciada por el peso vivo del animal.
Objetivou-se avaliar a acurácia e precisão das estimativas da digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca obtidas com uso de indicadores internos e externos em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo feno de ponta de cana-de-açúcar não tratado ou tratado com ureia ou óxido de cálcio. Também, foi avaliada a robustez dos indicadores em relação à variação do consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e ao peso vivo (PV) médio dos animais. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos machos, não castrados, mestiços sem padrão de raça definido (SPRD) x Santa Inês, com peso vivo médio 29,64±5,53 kg e idade de aproximadamente 12 meses, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com base no peso vivo. As estimativas da produção total de matéria seca fecal e da digestibilidade da MS e dos nutrientes foram realizadas pelo método da coleta total de fezes e com uso de indicadores internos, representados pelos constituintes indigestíveis MSi, FDNi e FDAi e do indicador externo dióxido de titânio (TiO2), sendo os indicadores os tratamentos e os animais os blocos. A acurácia dos indicadores foi avaliada pelo viés médio, que é a diferença entre o valor predito pelo indicador e o valor observado pela coleta total de fezes, sendo considerado o indicador mais acurado o que apresentar viés médio mais próximo de zero. A precisão, uma medida de dispersão entre os valores preditos e observados, representa a variabilidade média da distância entre esses valores e foi avaliada pela raiz quadrada média do erro de predição. A análise de robustez de cada indicador foi realizada regredindo-se o viés em função das variáveis CMS e peso vivo médio. O TiO2 apresentou taxa de recuperação fecal (TRF) inferior a 100% e para os indicadores internos MSi, FDNi e FDAi a TRF foi superior a 100%. Houve diferença para o viés médios (P<0,05), o que demonstra haver diferença dos indicadores quanto a sua acurácia para as estimativas da produção fecal e, consequentemente, das estimativas da digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (DMS) em ovinos. Os indicadores internos MSi, FDNi e FDAi são recomendados para estimativas da produção total de matéria seca fecal e da digestibilidade da MS, pois os resultados obtidos por estes não são influenciados pelo CMS e peso vivo do animal.
Mandad, Manish. "Approximation robuste de surfaces avec garanties." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4156/document.
Full textThis thesis is divided into two independent parts.In the first part, we introduce a method that, given an input tolerance volume, generates a surface triangle mesh guaranteed to be within the tolerance, intersection free and topologically correct. A pliant meshing algorithm is used to capture the topology and discover the anisotropy in the input tolerance volume in order to generate a concise output. We first refine a 3D Delaunay triangulation over the tolerance volume while maintaining a piecewise-linear function on this triangulation, until an isosurface of this function matches the topology sought after. We then embed the isosurface into the 3D triangulation via mutual tessellation, and simplify it while preserving the topology. Our approach extends toDépôt de thèseDonnées complémentairessurfaces with boundaries and to non-manifold surfaces. We demonstrate the versatility and efficacy of our approach on a variety of data sets and tolerance volumes.In the second part we introduce a new approach for creating a homeomorphic map between two discrete surfaces. While most previous approaches compose maps over intermediate domains which result in suboptimal inter-surface mapping, we directly optimize a map by computing a variance-minimizing mass transport plan between two surfaces. This non-linear problem, which amounts to minimizing the Dirichlet energy of both the map and its inverse, is solved using two alternating convex optimization problems in a coarse-to-fine fashion. Computational efficiency is further improved through the use of Sinkhorn iterations (modified to handle minimal regularization and unbalanced transport plans) and diffusion distances. The resulting inter-surface mapping algorithm applies to arbitrary shapes robustly and efficiently, with little to no user interaction
Chakchouk, Fadoua. "Contribution à la robustesse dans les CSPs distribués par réplication locale." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0039/document.
Full textWe aim to ensure a DisCSP resolution in presence of failed agents. Methods handling fault tolerance in MASs aim to ensure the continuity of the system operation. But, none of these methods are applied to solve a DisCSP. The failure of an agent generates the loss of a part of the DisCSP providing wrong results. Therefore, to obtain expected results, it is necessary to ensure the resolution of the failed agent local CSP.We propose to replicate the local CSPs of the failed agents within active agents. This replication allows local CSP resolution of the failed agent by another agent. The resolution is done by merging the replicates of failed agents CSPs with the CSPs of other agents. This technique conserve the initial DisCSP modeling. The proposed replicates distribution algorithm ensures that the CSPs of failed agents are not replicated within the same agent. In this way, the problem keeps its distributed aspect
Moumen, Sabrine. "Etude de la robustesse de transistors JFET à base de SiC vis-à-vis de stress électriques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744849.
Full textWang, Weijun. "Optimisation multi-objectifs robuste : application à la conception de turbines éoliennes." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDN0041.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the new methods for multi-objective robust optimization problems and their applications. Toward the multi-objective robust optimization, even many research works focus on it, there are still many gaps to fill. In this thesis, to fill some gaps, we introduce a new method to incorporate the robust design to multi-objective optimization problems, formulate single- and multi-objective optimization problems of a new concept wind turbine, and propose new robustness indices toward some particular multi-objective robust optimization problems. We provide a theoretical background review on the multi-objective optimization, robust design and multi-objective robust optimization problems. Based on the literature, the gaps for multi-objective robust optimization appear. To fill some gaps, firstly we introduce a new method to incorporate the robust design to multi-objective optimization problems. This method combines the order “from performance optimization to robustness optimization” and the order “from robustness optimization to performance optimization” together. Thanks to this method, the designer can get the most optimal and robust solutions, without losing the initial Pareto front, nor losing the most robust solutions. And then we introduce a new robustness index toward the multi-objective robust optimization problems in which there are variations the model of performance functions, caused by the large variations in design environment parameters. This new robustness index is based on the solution’s rank in a new environment, instead of its actual variations in the performance function space. Finally, we introduce a new procedure for the multi-objective robust optimization problems in which there are not only small variations in design variables and design environment parameters, but also large variations in design environment parameters. Two new robustness indices are introduced for this kind of problem. We select these two robustness indices as two dimensions of the robustness function space. Then each Pareto optimal solution has a position in the robustness function space. The designer can select the final solution from the Pareto optimal set, based on its new position in the robustness function space. The engineering design problems of wind turbine are selected as the main illustrative examples in this thesis. Therefore, we formulate the simulation model for wind turbines, based on the blade element momentum theory. The comparison of different methods to improve the power capture ability of wind turbine is presented and a simplified morphing blade is introduced. The single- and multi-objective optimization problems of wind turbine are formulated. The multi-objective robust optimization problems for wind turbine design and some other simple examples are applied to illustrate the proposed approaches in this thesis
DUTERTRE, Jean-Max. "Circuits Reconfigurables Robustes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010317.
Full textLa première approche est basée sur la restructuration des inverseurs et des éléments de mémorisation au niveau de l'agencement de leurs transistors. Elle permet de durcir efficacement la couche opérative aux effets singuliers. Elle est également adaptée au durcissement de la couche de configuration, mais au prix d'un surcoût en surface important.
La deuxième approche repose sur l'utilisation d'un code détecteur et correcteur d'erreurs par test de la parité. Elle est dédiée au durcissement de la couche de configuration.
Un circuit test est également présenté afin de valider expérimentalement les principes de durcissement par restructuration que nous avons utilisés.
Dutertre, Jean-Max. "Circuits reconfigurables robustes." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20090.
Full textBessayah, Fayçal. "A complementary approach for testing system robustness based on passive testing and fault injection techniques." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585689.
Full textHarti, Mostafa. "Estimation robuste sous un modèle de contamination non symétrique et M-estimateur multidimensionnel." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10063.
Full textBeneux, Gaëtan. "Développement de stratégies de contrôle pour le pilotage des convertisseurs avec prise en compte des aspects dynamiques événementiels." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0123/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is focused on stability analysis and robust control synthesis for continuous time switching affine systems in presence of constant parametric uncertainties. Two control methods are proposed to guarantee global asymptotic stability of switching affine systems with unknown parameters. The first approach is based on the estimation of the unknown parameters and the reconstruction of the related equilibrium state to allow the application of a robust adaptive control. The second method is based on a state augmentation by adding an integral action in the control loop that guarantees a null steady state error. For each approach, two control laws are proposed. A "min switching" method that selects the most suitable mode to stabilize the system and an "Embedded" method that generates a polytopic control of the different possible modes. The results are applied to Flyback topology power converters with proof of stability in both conduction modes (continuous and discontinuous)
Bernuau, Emmanuel. "Robustesse et stabilité des systèmes non-linéaires : un point de vue basé sur l’homogénéité." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0015/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the study of stability and robustness properties of nonlinear systems using homogeneity-based methods. Firstly, we recall the usual context of homogeneous systems as well as their main features. The sequel of this work extends the homogenization of nonlinear systems, which was already defined in the framework of weighted homogeneity, to the more general setting of the geometric homogeneity. The main approximation results are extended. Then we develop a theoretical framework for defining homogeneity of discontinuous systems and/or systems given by a differential inclusion. We show that the well-known properties of homogeneous systems persist in this context. This work is continued by a study of the robustness properties of homogeneous or homogenizable systems. We show that under mild assumptions, these systems are input-to-state stable. Finally, the last part of this work consists in the study of the example of the double integrator system. We synthesize a finite-time stabilizing output feedback, which is shown to be robust with respect to perturbations or discretization by using techniques developed before. Simulations conclude the theoretical study of this system and illustrate its behavior
El, Asri Mohamed. "Étude des M-estimateurs et leurs versions pondérées pour des données clusterisées." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0411/document.
Full textM-estimators were first introduced by Huber (1964) as robust estimators of location and gave rise to a substantial literature. For results on their asymptotic behavior and robustness (using the study of the influence func- tion and the breakdown point), we may refer in particular to the books of Huber (1981) and Hampel et al. (1986). For more recent references, we may cite the work of Ruiz-Gazen (2012) with a nice introductory presentation of robust statistics, and the book of Van der Vaart (2000) for results, in the independent and identically distributed setting, concerning convergence and asymptotic normality in the multivariate setting considered throughout this paper. Most of references address the case where the data are independent and identically distributed. However clustered, and hierarchical, data frequently arise in applications. Typically the facility location problem is an important research topic in spatial data analysis for the geographic location of some economic activity. In this field, recent studies perform spatial modelling with clustered data (see e.g. Liao and Guo, 2008; Javadi and Shahrabi, 2014, and references therein). Concerning robust estimation, Nevalainen et al. (2006) study the spatial median for the multivariate one-sample location problem with clustered data. They show that the intra-cluster correlation has an impact on the asymptotic covariance matrix. The weighted spatial median, introduced in their pioneer paper of 2007, has a superior efficiency with respect to its unweighted version, especially when clusters’ sizes are heterogenous or in the presence of strong intra-cluster correlation. The class of weighted M-estimators (introduced in El Asri, 2013) may be viewed as a generalization of this work to a broad class of estimators: weights are assigned to the objective function that defines M-estimators. The aim is, for example, to adapt M-estimators to the clustered structures, to the size of clusters, or to clusters including extremal values, in order to increase their efficiency or robustness. In this thesis, we study the almost sure convergence of unweighted and weighted M-estimators and establish their asymptotic normality. Then, we provide consistent estimators of the asymptotic variance and derived, numerically, optimal weights that improve the relative efficiency to their unweighted versions. Finally, from a weight-based formulation of the breakdown point, we illustrate how these optimal weights lead to an altered breakdown point
Giraudot, Simon. "Reconstruction robuste de formes à partir de données imparfaites." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4024/document.
Full textOver the last two decades, a high number of reliable algorithms for surface reconstruction from point clouds has been developed. However, they often require additional attributes such as normals or visibility, and robustness to defect-laden data is often achieved through strong assumptions and remains a scientific challenge. In this thesis we focus on defect-laden, unoriented point clouds and contribute two new reconstruction methods designed for two specific classes of output surfaces. The first method is noise-adaptive and specialized to smooth, closed shapes. It takes as input a point cloud with variable noise and outliers, and comprises three main steps. First, we compute a novel noise-adaptive distance function to the inferred shape, which relies on the assumption that this shape is a smooth submanifold of known dimension. Second, we estimate the sign and confidence of the function at a set of seed points, through minimizing a quadratic energy expressed on the edges of a uniform random graph. Third, we compute a signed implicit function through a random walker approach with soft constraints chosen as the most confident seed points. The second method generates piecewise-planar surfaces, possibly non-manifold, represented by low complexity triangle surface meshes. Through multiscale region growing of Hausdorff-error-bounded convex planar primitives, we infer both shape and connectivity of the input and generate a simplicial complex that efficiently captures large flat regions as well as small features and boundaries. Imposing convexity of primitives is shown to be crucial to both the robustness and efficacy of our approach
Valette, Agathe. "Etude et Robustesse de la Modulation Multiporteuses en Banc de Filtres : FBMC." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0951.
Full textMulti-carrier systems are well established in many different communication standards such as ADSL, DVB-T, WiMax, and LTE.The dominant technology for broadband communications today is OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing).However the introduction of frequency bands aggregation is allowing systems to deal with a spectrum that is scarce, expensive and underutilized.Future 5G communications must find a way to exploit this fragmented spectrum as flexibly as possible.Similar problems are present also for introducing future broadband PMR (Private Mobile Radio) standards in the already crowded PMR spectrum.This requires waveforms with almost perfect spectrum occupation in order to limit the guard frequency band between users.OFDM's spectral occupation is not good enough to fulfill these requirements.Among the considered waveform approaches, FBMC/OQAM (Filter Bank Multicarrier/Offset QAM) systems are designed to provide a much better spectral occupation than OFDM systems, with optimal data rate, and no need for a cyclic prefix.However, a major disadvantage of a multi-carrier system such as OFDM or FBMC/OQAM is the resulting non constant envelope with numerous high power peaks that appear when the independently modulated sub-carriers are added coherently.This results in a high sensitivity to the non-linearities of electronic components, especially to the PA (Power Amplifier).PA non-linearities generate distortions in-band and out-of band, creating spectral regrowth which degrades the spectral occupation of the signals at the transmitter.The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of the PA on the FBMC/OQAM signal's spectral performances, and to reduce the waveform's sensitivity to those non-linearities.Through simulations and experimental measurements, using the OFDM signal as a basis for comparison, we first confirm FBMC/OQAM's better spectral occupation than OFDM, and then quantify the effect of the PA non-linearities on the FBMC/OQAM an OFDM signals.We then propose an improved precoding method for dynamic envelope control, which aims to reduce the FBMC/OQAM signal's sensitivity to PA non-linearities with limited additional complexity. We study the various parameters in order to provide the optimal parameter choice.Finally, we present simulations and measurements of the method's ability to reduce spectral regrowth in and out of band when the FBMC/OQAM signal is subjected to the PA nonlinearities
Cambier, Adrien. "Plannification optimale des réseaux mobiles." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0277.
Full textIn this thesis, we consider different mobile investments strategies problems, corresponding to different key questions for a telecommunication company, and integrating three decision levers: network and marketing investment, and spectrum holding management. For each of these problems, we provide mixed integer linear formulations. We reinforce these formulations thanks to RLT cuts and context-specific valid inequalities. We introduce a generic scheme for building heuristics, based on subscribers reaction enumeration. Finally, we consider uncertainty in subscribers reaction for two generations and two periods problem. We model this uncertainty thanks to adjustable robust optimization and domination scenario properties
Chaudenson, Julien. "Robustness analysis with integral quadratic constraints, application to space launchers." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00988162.
Full textSanchez, Sébastien. "Contribution à la conception de coupleurs magnétiques robustes pour convertisseurs multicellulaires parallèles." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14499/1/sanchez_partie_1_sur_2_2.pdf.
Full textNelson-Gruel, Dominique. "Extension de la commande CRONE multivariable aux systèmes non carrés : application à un système d'air de moteurs essence et diesel." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13942/document.
Full textThe works presented in this thesis are led within the framework of robust control developments of the CRONE team (Robust Control of fractional order). They are carried more precisely on the development of a synthesis methodology of the CRONE control for multivariable systems with an application of controlling internal combustion engine. After an introductive chapter on the robust control of fractional order with a view to garanty dynamic performance robustness compared with parameter uncertainties of the system model, another stability condition formulation of the CRONE methodology for multivariable square systems is put forward. A set of theorems is also offered in order to extend the square MIMO system CRONE control to the most general case of multivariable systems having delays and oscillatory behaviours with zeros and poles that are not necessarily on the stability domain. Chapter 3 is devoted on one hand to the control of non square (number of entries differents from the output number), instable and non minimal phase MIMO systems and on the other hand on the simplification of different control methodologies detailed in this thesis. This simplification is based on the analysis of system coupling effects and under the assumptions that in some cases, elements of the system transfer matrix can be considered as uncertainties when optimizing the fractional nominal open loop. Beyond a set of academic cases out of the literature, the validation of these works is achieved through the control of the air intake of two internal combustion engines : a gasoline engine with a square CRONE MIMO control ; a diesel engine with a non square CRONE MIMO control. The aim specified by the industrial is to optimize the compromise between performances-pollution-consumption of these engines
Barbieri, André Luiz. "Análise de robustez em redes complexas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-19042011-091118/.
Full textThe study of complex networks is a relatively new area of science inspired by the empirical studies of real-world networks, such as social and biological networks. This are has a highly multidisciplinary nature, which has brought together researchers from many areas including mathematics, physics, biology, computer science, sociology, epidemiology, statistics and others. One of the main problems in this area is to know how the network organization is related to dynamic process, such as synchronization, epidemic spreading and topological perturbation due to deletion of nodes and edges. In this dissertation, it is presented a study of the relationship between the structure and resilience of complex networks. This investigation was applied to the protein-protein networks of four species, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens, as well as the road networks of seven countries, i.e. Brazil, Portugal, Romania, Australia, India, and South Africa. It was studied the resilience of such networks through simulations of random fails and attacks by node deletion. The topological changes due to this simulation were quantified by measures, including the size of the largest component, the diameter and the average shortest path length. In addition, the network robustness was quantified by the entropy of the degree distribution and the dynamic entropy, related to Markov chains. This analysis in real-world networks revealed that more complex species, such as the H. sapiens and D. melanogaster are the most resilient. In addition, Romania, Brazil and Portugal have the most robust road maps. The correlation analysis between topological and dynamic measures revealed that the average neighborhood degree and the coefficient of scaling in the power law of the degree distribution quantify the proprieties that most contribute for the resilience in protein networks. Moreover, with respect to the road networks, it was introduced a new accessibility measure, which revealed to be correlated to the dynamic entropy. In fact, cities localized in the border of networks are the ones with the smallest contribution for the network resilience. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that the traffic planning should mainly connect cities near the frontiers of countries, in order to improve the resilience and accessibility. In addition, the obtained results with respect to protein networks allow improving network modeling and understanding the biological processes that reinforce the resilience of organisms.
Leduc, Harmonie. "Contrôle adaptatif robuste. Application au contrôle d'attitude de satellites." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0022/document.
Full textThis manuscript deals with robust direct adaptive control, and its application to CNES microsatellites attitude control. After listing the different types of time-varying controllers, we recall the characteristics of direct adaptive control. In particular, we recall that the knowledge of a stabilizing static output feedback is sufficient to design a direct adaptive controller. In parallel, we introduce the descriptor system theory. Modelizing a system into descriptor form is not usual but fits well with robust direct adaptive control. Starting from existing results about adaptive control and descriptor system theory, we provide an LMI based method which allows to compute, with the knowledge of a stabilizing static output feedback, the parameters of a stabilizing direct adaptive controller. A first result proves that the adaptive controller is at least as robust as the static output feedback. The second result allows to prove improved robustness at the expense of relaxing stability of the equilibrium point to practical stability, that is convergence to a neighborhood of the equilibrium. Then, we provide a method, LMI based as well, which allows to design a robust direct adaptive controller which has a better level of rejection of the perturbations than the static output feedback from which it is designed. All these theoretical results are applied to the attitude control of CNES microsatellites. We design a controller which stabilizes the attitude of the satellite whatever the value of its inertia. This attitude controller can also avoid the satellite reaction wheels to saturate. We design another robust adaptive attitude controller which has a better level of rejection of the perturbations than the static controller which is currently implemented aboard CNES satellites. Finally, we validate all the results of this manuscript by simulating on a AOCS CNES simulator the deployment of the satellite masts and some guiding jumps
Kochtbene, Feriel. "Contrôle actif des vibrations en fraisage." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0066/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the fields of study which are important for our objective (different usual vibration reduction techniques in machining, active control methods) before validating the principle of active control of milling in a fixed reference. We then developed a state space model of an Euler Bernoulli beam excited at one point and corrected in another one by a piezoelectric actuator. This model allowed us to obtain several compensators, according to different control strategies. We then proceeded from an experimental point of view to study a device similar to our need from an actuating point of view and levels of magnitude (mechanical amplification, frequency range, etc.). ). The robust control strategies that we have developed to attenuate the vibratory displacements of this beam have led to conclusive results presented in the same chapter, first in simulation (which allowed us a comparative study), with and without the cutting process and then experimentally. The robustness of these control strategies was studied (in simulation) by adding uncertainties to the model in different ways. Then we have identified the model of the system, calculated the corresponding compensators and tested them on the test bench in order to validate the good functioning of the different control strategies used in this thesis. Finally, in order to use these strategies in rotating reference (active control tool holder), we have modeled and implemented the same steps for the case where the actuation is located in rotating reference and concerns two axes simultaneously, located in the XY plane of the tool holder. We first studied the transverse vibrations of a rotating beam in the general case before neglecting the inertia and gyroscopic phenomena. Actually, we are interested in the active control of milling, particularly in finishing applications, where long tools of small diameters are used. The new expressions of the two transfer functions of the system have been determined to obtain its state space representation, key of the active control. Projection of the cutting process on the rotating reference is essential to perform milling simulations with the active tool holder. This last chapter highlights the prospects of this thesis,that is the active control of the milling for all kinds of milling operations as well as for different tools with a mechatronic tool holder aimed for this kind of operation