Academic literature on the topic 'Roças and Gardens'

This article aimed to revisit a course conclusion work on the Intercultural Training for Indigenous Educators, in Mathematics qualification. The research was carried out in the Caramuru Indigenous village of the Pataxó Hãhãhãe people, researching in a historical-bibliographic way and using documents, books and records that told the history of the people as collection instruments. We also used photographs of the practices of the Pataxó Hãhãhãe people, highlighting the gardens and gardens, in addition to interviewing two members of the village. Highlighting the geometry present in the fields and gardens, so that this knowledge could be registered and remembered, both by the school and in the community, was of great value for the formation and expansion of the researcher's knowledge and for the Pataxó Huhãhãe people. With that, we are valuing and rescuing the traditional knowledge that the people teach us with the experience in the community. The work will also serve as research and encouragement in the community.

We show performing general "0-brane reduction" along an arbitrary fixed direction in space–time and applied to the starting point of minimal, off-shell 4D, 𝒩 = 1 irreducible supermultiplets, yields adinkras whose adjacency matrices are among some of the special cases proposed by Kuznetsova, Rojas and Toppan. However, these more general reductions also can lead to "Garden Algebra" structures beyond those described in their work. It is also shown that for light-like directions, reduction to the 0-brane breaks the equality in the number of fermions and bosons for dynamical theories. This implies that light-like reductions should be done instead to the space of 1-branes or equivalently to the worldsheet.

Augmented Reality Installation in public space by Tamiko Thiel, 2016 – 2017: http://tamikothiel.com/gota/. Originally commissioned for the Seattle Art Museum Olympic Sculpture Park in summer 2016. The augmented reality (AR) installation Gardens of the Anthropocene posits a science fiction future in which native aquatic and terrestrial plants have mutated to cope with the increasing unpredictable and erratic climate swings. The plants in the installation are all derived from actual native plants in and around the Olympic Sculpture Park that are tolerant respectively to drought on land or to warming sea waters, and are therefore expected to adapt to the increasing temperatures to come. Beyond this actual scientific basis, however, the artwork takes artistic license to imagine a surreal, dystopian scenario in which plants are "mutating" to breach natural boundaries: from photosynthesis of visible light to feeding off of mobile devices' electromagnetic radiation, from extracting nutrients from soil to feeding off man-made structures, and to transgressing boundaries between underwater and dry land, between reactive flora and active fauna. Gardens of the Anthropocene has been eradicated in Seattle, but as the plants are native also to the San Francisco Bay Area, they have relocated to the Stanford University campus, between Memorial Auditorium and Hoover Tower, around the Hoover Fountain. Also, installations of red algae have been discovered on the East Coast of the USA, in Brooklyn, NY and Salem, MA. Resumen Instalación de Realidad Aumentada en espacio público por Tamiko Thiel, 2016 – 2017: http://tamikothiel.com/gota/. Encargado originalmente para el Parque de Escultura Olímpica del Museo de Arte de Seattle en el verano de 2016. La instalación de realidad aumentada (RA) Jardines del Antropoceno plantea un futuro de ciencia ficción en el que las plantas acuáticas y terrestres nativas han mutado para lidia con los cambios climáticos cada vez más impredecibles. Todas las plantas de la instalación provienen de plantas nativas reales del Parque de Escultura Olímpica y sus alrededores, que son tolerantes a la sequía en tierra o a las aguas marinas cada vez más cálidas, y que por lo tanto se espera que se adapten a las temperaturas en aumento que están por venir. Sin embargo, más allá de esta base científica real, la obra artística se toma la licencia de imaginar un escenario surrealista y distópico en el que las plantas “mutan” para romper barreras naturales: desde la fotosíntesis de la luz visible hasta nutrirse de la radiación electromagnética de dispositivos móviles, desde extraer nutrientes del suelo hasta alimentar estructuras hechas por el hombre, y hasta transgredir fronteras entre el agua y la tierra seca, entre flora radiactiva y fauna activa. Jardines del Antropoceno ha desaparecido de Seattle, pero como las plantas también son nativas de la zona de la bahía de San Francisco, han sido recolocadas en el campus de la Universidad de Stanford, entre el Memorial Auditorium y la Torre Hoover, alrededor de la Fuente Hoover. Además, se han descubierto instalaciones de algas rojas en la Costa Este de EEUU, en Brooklyn, NY y Salem, MA.

The current epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) in Pakistan started in 1988 with the natural host range limited to a few plant species in the family Malvaceae. However, we have observed expansion in the host range of the virus, and several non-Malvaceous plants were found to be infected with the virus. Characteristic symptoms of CLCuD such as leaf curl and enations have been observed on radish plants, primarily in kitchen gardens. However, in 1999, levels of infection of 10 to 90% were observed both in commercial fields and kitchen gardens in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Both symptomatic and nonsymptomatic samples were collected from five different locations. Total DNA was isolated, dot-blotted on nylon membrane, and a full-length clone corresponding to DNA A of cotton leaf curl virus was labeled with 32P dCTP and used as a probe for the detection of a begomovirus. Strong signals were observed in symptomatic plants while no signals were observed in nonsymptomatic plants. Infection with a begomovirus was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers for DNA A (1). Primers specific for the two distinct begomoviruses associated with CLCuD were also used in PCR reactions (2), and products of the expected size were obtained from all symptomatic samples, confirming infection with begomoviruses similar to those associated with CLCuD. A full-length probe of a nanovirus-like molecule associated with cotton leaf disease (3), called DNA 1 was labeled with 32P dCTP and detected the virus only in symptomatic plants. Similarly, primers specific for DNA 1 (3) amplified a product of expected size when used in PCR. On the basis of symptomatology and the detection of specific viral components associated with the disease, we confirmed that radish plants are infected with Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV). Since radish is a short duration crop, infection of CLCuV in radish may not serve as a direct source of infection for the next cotton crop. However, it is a potential threat to tomato crops which overlap with radish in the Punjab province. The detection of CLCuD in radish is another example of the mobilization of begomoviruses to previously unknown hosts. References: (1) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (2) S. Mansoor et al. Pak. J. Bot. 31:115, 1999. (3) Mansoor et al. Virology 259:190, 1999.

Geranium is one of the most popular ornamental plants in México. In December 2012, rust symptoms were observed on leaves of common geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum L. H. Bailey) growing in pots in garden landscapes in Morelia, Michoacán. Dark brown pustules with chlorotic halos appeared on the lower leaf surface. A center pustule surrounded by one or more partial-to-complete concentric circles of smaller pustules was observed in each lesion. Urediniospores were globose or subglobose to ovoid, light brown, echinulated, thin-walled with two more or less conspicuous subequatorial pores, and 21 to 29 × 18 to 24 μm (25.5 × 22.8 μm average). Teliospores were not observed. Based on these characters, the rust was identified as Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis Doidge (1,2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on three healthy P. × hortorum plants that were sprayed with water droplets containing urediniospores. The inoculated plants were covered with a plastic bag and placed in a screened house. The bags were removed after 24 h. Afterwards, the plants were maintained outside the screened house in full sun at ambient temperature (24 to 30°C in the day and 5 to 10°C at night). Initial symptoms were observed 15 to 17 days post inoculation. Symptoms appeared as small light yellow spots on the upper surface of mature leaves. Urediniospores production on the lower surface of the leaves was evident 22 to 25 days post inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. pelargonii-zonalis in the state of Michoacán, México. Geranium rust has been previously reported only in the state of Guanajuato (2). References: (1) E. M. Doidge. Bothalia 2:1, 1926. (2) H. L. Gallegos and G. B. Cummings. Uredinales (royas) de México. Vol. 1. Culiacán, Sinaloa, México, SARH, 1981.

Triumffeta rhomboidiaceae Jacq. (Tiliaceae family) is an annual rainy season weed that is commonly found throughout India. For the last 3 years, during the rainy season, several plants of T. rhomboidiaceae in and around the gardens of the National Botanical Research Institute have been found with vein yellowing symptoms. The initial symptoms were vein clearing but in later stages the veins became yellow and thickened. In severe cases, the chlorosis extends into interveinal areas, resulting in complete yellowing of the leaves. In a few cases, green leafy or thorny enations could be seen on the dorsal side of the leaf. The disease was investigated to identify the causal agent. Vector transmission studies showed that the causal agent is transmitted by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, from infected to healthy seedlings of T. rhomdoidiaceae. Since whitefly transmission of the disease is consistent with a geminivirus as the causal agent, the role of such a virus was investigated. DNA isolated from Triumffeta plants (both from the infected plants in the field as well as from those inoculated experimentally in the greenhouse) showing above mentioned symptoms was amplified with two sets of degenerate primers, PAL1v1978/PAR1c496 (set 1) and PAL1v1978/PCRc1 (set 2), that have been shown to be specific for DNA-A of whitefly transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs), in polymerase chain reaction (1). We could amplify DNA-A fragments of approximately 1.2 kb from set 1 and 0.7 kb from set 2, as expected (1). DNA isolated from healthy seedlings gave no amplification of such fragments. Identification of the amplified DNA fragments (from infected samples) to be of geminiviral in nature was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization carried out under high stringency conditions. DNA-A of Indian tomato leaf curl virus (2) was used as a general probe for WTGs for the above hybridization experiment. Therefore, Triumffeta yellow net disease is caused by a geminivirus. A review of literature revealed that there is no record of a viral disease affecting this weed and, therefore, this is the first report of a viral disease affecting this plant. References: (1) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (2) K. M. Srivastava et al. J. Virol. Methods 51:297, 1995.

<p>Las enfermedades foliares fúngicas son consideradas las principales causas del declive de la producción del caucho natural en los países productores. Dada su importancia, en el presente estudio se evaluó su incidencia y severidad en los clones FX 3864, IAN 710, PB 217, PB 260, PB 235, PB 314, RRIC 110, RRIM 703, RRIM 600 establecidos en campo clonal en la región del magdalena medio santandereano. En cinco muestreos realizados entre agosto de 2009 y marzo de 2010, se determinó la incidencia y severidad de patógenos foliares en hojas en estado B y D, respectivamente. en el tejido foliar de los clones evaluados se encontró la incidencia de hongos de los géneros Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Dreschlera, Microcyclus ulei y royas. Las enfermedades causadas por los potenciales patógenos se presentaron con mayor severidad en los clones RRIm 703 y FX 3864 en un 51% y 64%, respectivamente. En contraste, las enfermedades se presentaron con menor severidad en los clones IAN 710, PB 314 y RRIC 110 con valores entre el 3% y el 7%. Dentro de los hongos incidentes, se encontraron varios patógenos potenciales del cultivo, requiriéndose profundizar en el conocimiento del ataque e interacciones con el hospedero y las condiciones climáticas de la región. Además, se debe correlacionar su incidencia y severidad con datos de temperatura y humedad en intervalos de tiempo cortos. esto permitirá estimar las condiciones climáticas y los tiempos que favorecen los procesos de infección y desarrollo de las enfermedades foliares en cultivos de caucho de la región.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Foliar diseases of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) planted on a clonal garden at the Middle Magdalena region of the Department of Santander (Colombia).</strong><strong></strong></p><p>Fungal foliar diseases are considered the major cause of yield decline in rubber tree producing countries. Thus, this study assessed incidence and severity in the Clones FX 3864, IAN 710, PB 217, PB 260, PB 235, PB 314, rich man 110, RRIM 703, RRIM 600 established in a clonal garden in the middle magdalena region of the Department of santander (Colombia). Five surveys conducted between August 2009 and march 2010, determined the fungal pathogen incidence and severity on leaves at stage B and D, respectively. Foliar tissue of assessed clones showed incidence of Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Dreschlera, Microcyclus ulei genera and rusts. Diseases caused by these potential pathogens occurred severely in the RRIM 703 and FX 3864 clones with 51% and 64% respectively. In contrast, diseases were less severe in IAN 710, PB 314 and RRIC 110 clones with values between 3% and 7%. Within the results observed, several potential crop fungi pathogens were found, which require a deeper understanding of their attack and interactions with the host and regional climatic conditions. Furthermore, the correlation of incidence and severity with temperature and humidity data at short time intervals should be determined. This will allow the prediction of the weather conditions and periods that bring on the infection process and the development of fungal diseases on rubber crops in the region.</p>

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease, caused by the begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV; family Geminiviridae), is an economically important disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) that can be very destructive in tropical and subtropical regions (1). In October 2009, tomato plants showing stunted new growth, interveinal chlorosis, and upward curling of leaf margins were reported by a residential gardener in Wailuku, on the island of Maui. Similar symptoms were observed in approximately 200 tomato plants at a University of Hawaii research farm in Poamoho, on the island of Oahu in November 2009. The similarity between these symptoms and those of tomato yellow leaf curl disease and the presence of whiteflies (Bemisia spp.), the vector of TYLCV, suggested the causal agent was a geminivirus such as TYLCV. Total nucleic acids were extracted from a tomato plant sample from Wailuku and Poamoho and used in a PCR assay with degenerate primers PAR1c715 and PAL1v1978 for geminivirus detection (4). The ~1.5-kbp amplicon expected to be produced from a geminivirus template was generated from the symptomatic tomato plant samples but not from a greenhouse-grown control tomato plant. The amplicons were cloned by the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI). Three clones from each sample were sequenced, revealing 97 to 99% nucleotide identity to TYLCV sequences in GenBank and a 98.9% nucleotide identity between the Wailuku (Accession No. GU322424) and Poamoho (Accession No. GU322423) isolates. A multiplex PCR assay for the detection and discrimination between the IL and Mld clades of TYLCV was also performed on these isolates (2). A ~0.8-kbp amplicon was generated from both isolates confirming the presence of TYLCV and their inclusion into the TYLCV-IL clade (2). Seven symptomatic and three asymptomatic tomato plant samples from Poamoho were tested for TYLCV using a squash-blot hybridization assay (3) utilizing a digoxigenin-labeled probe derived from the ~1.5-kbp PCR amplicon. All symptomatic tomato plants and one asymptomatic tomato plant were found to be infected with TYLCV. How the virus entered Hawaii and how long it has been present is unknown. The most plausible route is through infected plant material such as an asymptomatic alternative host rather than viruliferous whiteflies. It appears TYLCV is not a recent introduction into Hawaii since the Wailuku gardener observed similar disease symptoms for a few years before submitting samples for testing. In January 2010, TYLCV was also detected in two commercial tomato farms on Oahu, posing a serious threat to the state's $10 million annual tomato crop. References: (1) H. Czosnek and H. Laterrot. Arch. Virol. 142:1392, 1997. (2) P. Lefeuvre et al. J. Virol. Methods 144:165, 2007. (3) N. Navot et al. Phytopathology 79:562, 1989. (4) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.

Leaf curl disease of radish (RLCD) was observed for the first time in India in commercial fields and kitchen gardens of the Varanasi District and adjoining areas of eastern Uttar Pradesh during November 2003. Infected plants exhibited typical upward and downward leaf curling, leaf distortion, reduction of leaf area, and conspicuous enations on the underside of the leaves. Incidence of RLCD was estimated to be between 10 and 40% depending on the cultivars used. Electron microscopic observation revealed typical geminate particles in infected leaf samples. The causal virus could be transmitted to radish cv. Minu Early by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and grafting. Inoculated plants developed symptoms similar to those observed in naturally infected radish plants. Viral DNA was isolated from artificially inoculated symptomatic radish plants (4) followed by concentration of super-coiled DNA by alkaline denaturation (1). The presence of a geminivirus was confirmed by PCR using DNA-A degenerate primers (3), and a 1.5-kb amplified product was obtained from six artificially and three naturally infected plants. Amplification of the full-length DNA-A was achieved using a primer combination derived from sequences obtained from a 1.5-kb amplicon. Amplification of 1.3-kb DNA-β sequences was achieved using specific primers (2) in three infected plants. Sequence analysis revealed that DNA-A (GenBank Accession No. EF 175733) contained 2,756 nt and DNA-β contained 1,358 nt (GenBank Accession No. EF 175734). DNA-A of the causal virus shares 87.7% identity with Tomato leaf curl Bangladesh virus (GenBank Accession No. AF 188481) and 62% identity with Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (GenBank Accession No. AF126406). The begomovirus DNA-A sequence associated with RLCD contained seven open reading frames (AV1, AV2, AC1, AC2, AC3, AC4, and AC5). The DNA-β associated with RLCD shared the highest nucleotide sequence identity (84.9%) with DNA-β of Tobacco leaf curl virus isolate NIB 12-1 (GenBank Accession No. AJ316033) reported from Pakistan. Despite exhaustive attempts to amplify a putative viral B-component using degenerate primers based on the intergenic region sequence of the DNA-A or sequences that are highly conserved for other begomoviruses, no DNA-B component was detected. On the basis of DNA-A sequence analysis, the ICTV species demarcation criteria of 89% sequence identity, and genome organization, the virus causing RLCD should be considered a new Begomovirus species, for which the name Radish leaf curl virus (RLCV) is proposed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the association of a Begomovirus with a disease of radishes in India. References: (1) H. C. Birnboim and J. Doly. Nucleic Acids Res. 7:1513, 1979. (2) R. W. Briddon et al. Mol. Biotechnol. 20:315, 2002. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (4) K. M. Srivastava et al. J. Virol. Methods 51:297, 1995.

The aphid-transmitted Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) has been reported as causing an epidemic in solanaceous crops, including eggplant, pepper, and tomato in Africa (4). In West Africa, PVMV has been detected in Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Burkina Faso, and Nigeria (2). In April 2009, leaf yellowing, mosaic, mottle, and curling symptoms indicative of viral infection were common on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in home gardens and fields in Mali. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected from two sweet pepper and two tomato plants from Baguineda, four tomato plants and one chili pepper plant in Kati, and three chili pepper plants from Samanko. All samples except two chili pepper from Samanko and two sweet pepper and two tomato from Baguineda tested positive for begomovirus by PCR with primers PAL1v1978/PAR1c715 (3). PVMV was detected by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using PVMV antibody (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) in both Baguineda sweet pepper, one Baguineda tomato, and one Samanko chili pepper sample. Three PVMV ELISA-positive samples, one each of sweet pepper, chili pepper, and tomato, were also confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and sequencing. The expected 1.8-kb viral cDNA was amplified from all three samples using the potyvirus general primer Sprimer1 (5′-GGNAAYAAYAGHGGNCARCC-3′), which was modified from the Sprimer (1) as upstream primer, and Oligo(dT) (5′-GCGGGATCCCTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT-3′) as downstream primer. The sequences obtained from chili pepper (GenBank Accession No. GQ918274), sweet pepper (GenBank Accession No. GQ918275), and tomato (GenBank Accession No. GQ918276) isolates, excluding the 3′ poly-A tails, were each 1,831 nucleotides (nt) long, comprising the 3′-terminal of the NIb region (1 to 642 nt), the coat protein region (643 to 1,455 nt), and the 3′-untranslated region (1,456 to 1,831 nt). The sequences shared between 99.3 and 99.5% nucleotide identity with each other. A comparison of these sequences with corresponding sequences of potyviruses in GenBank revealed they had greatest nucleotide identity (96.5 to 96.6%) with a tomato isolate of PVMV from Taiwan (PVMV-TW; GenBank Accession No. EU719647), between 81.4 and 95.9% identity with other PVMV isolates, and only as much as 67.2% identity with other potyvirus isolates. Analysis of coat protein regions alone also revealed high nucleotide (96.6 to 96.8%) and amino acid (99.3 to 99.6%) identity with PVMV-TW. The PVMV Baguineda tomato isolate caused mosaic and mottle symptoms on tomato (line CLN1558A) and pepper (cv. Early Calwonder) plants following mechanical inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PVMV infecting plants in Mali and reinforces the need to take this virus into consideration when breeding tomato and pepper for this region. References: (1) J. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:757, 2001. (2) C. Huguenot et al. J. Phytopathol. 144:29, 1996. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (4) G. Thottappilly, J. Phytopathol. 134:265, 1992.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
One of the main objectives of a Conservation Unit is to maintain the stocks of natural resources, assuring the traditional populations the necessary conditions and means for the maintenance of their lifestyles. In this direction, alternatives of sustainable use must be foreseen in the management of these areas. The agroforestry systems are important, making possible the simultaneous use of areas for agriculture, diminishing the pressure on primary forests, and diversifying production, maintaing soil communities, and several other social, economic, and environmental benefits. In this line of thought, the socioeconomy and agricultural production roças and gardens) were characterized, in order to contribute to the management plan of the Piagaçu-Purus Sustainable Development Reserve (Piagaçu-Purus SDR). In this study, three traditional communities (Divino Espírito Santo, Nossa Senhora do Livramento, and São João do Uauaçu), located at Piagaçu-Purus SDR, were researched, and using semistructured interviews, paper and mental maps, using the case study method. It was observed that the social aspects, such as health and education, need assistance, and religion influences little the decisions taken by communities. Leisure activities are related to the lifestyle of the familiar agricultors. The families of the traditional communities dedicate to subsistence agriculture, and develop parallel activities, such as Brazil nut collection, fishing, hunting, and timber harvest, increasing their income with retirement pensions, jobs, (cleaning persons, community teachers, etc.), and small stores. The commercialization of agricultural products concentrates in the "regatões", "patrões", and "recreios". The food base (70,7%) is fish and "farinha" (processed manioc), and other products from the roças, gardens, and forest. The roças are opened in areas of fallows (63,8%) and primary forest (36,2%), and people use on average (n=1,6) roças per year, with an average size of 0,89 hectares per roça. The main species planted in the roças are Manihot esculenta (25%) and Musa sp. (12,5%). The garden, as designated by familiar agricultors, has a important role in the agricultural production system, where a large diversity of plant species is cultivated, including medicinal plants, small and medium-sized animals, also being the space used for relaxation and leisure activities. The main fruit species found in gardens were Psidium guajava (22 %) and Inga edulis (10%), and, among the palms, Euterpe precatoria (41,5%) and Oenocarpus mapora (15,3%). Vegetables are usually grown in suspended. At the three traditional communities, their size was found to vary between 0,01 and 0,56 hectares per garden. This knowledge, developed by familiar agricultors, will be used as a base to subsidize land use alternatives, as well as agroflorestry systems, and will contribute to the management plan of this Conservation Unit and to the formulation and implementation of public policies adapted to their lifestyle.
Um dos principais objetivos de uma Unidade de Conservação é garantir o estoque dos recursos naturais assegurando às populações tradicionais, condições e meios necessários para reprodução do seu modo de vida. Nesse sentido, alternativas de uso sustentável devem ser previstas na gestão dessas áreas. Os sistemas agroflorestais, destacam-se dentre essas alternativas, propiciando o aproveitando simultâneo de áreas para cultivos agrícolas, amenizando a pressão sobre as florestas primárias, assim como pela diversificação de sua produção, manutenção da comunidade edáfica e melhoria da fertilidade do solo e por vários outros benefícios sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Nesse estudo, foram caracterizados os aspectos sócio-econômicos e de produção agrícola (roças e quintais), com a finalidade de subsidiar alternativas de uso da terra e para contribuir na elaboração do plano de manejo da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Piagaçu-Purus (RDS Piagaçu-Purus). Foram pesquisadas três comunidades tradicionais (Divino Espírito Santo, Nossa Senhora do Livramento e São João do Uauaçu), localizadas na RDS Piagaçu-Purus, e por meio de formulários, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, croquis e mapas mentais, utilizando o método estudo de caso. Observou-se que os aspectos sociais, como a saúde e educação são setores carentes de assistência e que a religião pouco influencia nas tomadas de decisões realizadas nas comunidades. As atividades de lazer estão imbricadas ao estilo de vida dos agricultores familiares. As famílias das comunidades tradicionais dedicam-se a agricultura de subsistência, e desenvolvem paralelamente outras atividades como coleta de castanha, pesca, caça e retirada de madeira, incrementando sua renda com a aposentadoria, prestação de serviços (diaristas, professores comunitários, etc.) e com pequenas tabernas. A comercialização dos produtos agrícola concentra-se nas figuras dos regatões, patrões e barcos recreios. A base da alimentação (70,7%) é o peixe e a farinha e outros produtos oriundos das roças, quintais e da floresta. As roças são feitas em áreas de capoeira (63,8%) e floresta primária (36,2%), utilizam em média (n=1,6) roças por ano, com um tamanho médio de 0,89 hectares por roça. As principais espécies cultivadas nas roças são Manihot esculenta (25%) e Musa sp. (12,5%). O quintal, denominado assim pelos agricultores familiares, exerce um papel importante no sistema de produção agrícola, onde é cultivada uma grande diversidade de espécies vegetais, inclusive plantas medicinais, criação de animais de pequeno e médio porte, além de ser o espaço utilizado para atividades de descontração e lazer. As principais espécies frutíferas encontradas nos quintais foram a Psidium guajava (22 %) e a Inga edulis (10%), dentre as palmeiras destacaram-se Euterpe precatoria (41,5%) e Oenocarpus mapora (15,3%) e as hortaliças são geralmente cultivadas em canteiros suspensos. Verificou-se nas três comunidades tradicionais, que seu tamanho varia entre 0,01 a 0,56 hectares por quintal. Esses conhecimentos, desenvolvidos pelos agricultores familiares, serão utilizados como base para subsidiar outras alternativas de uso da terra, assim como, os sistemas agroflorestais, e contribuirá para a elaboração do plano de manejo desta Unidade de Conservação e para a formulação e implementação de políticas públicas adaptadas ao seu modo de vida.