Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Roches basiques et ultrabasiques'
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Michaux, Laurent. "Altérations supergènes et hydrothermales des roches basiques et ultrabasiques pétrologie, géochimie et modélisations thermodynamiques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616368g.
Full textMichaux, Laurent. "Altérations supergènes et hydrothermales des roches basiques et ultrabasiques : pétrologie, géochimie et modélisations thermodynamiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30058.
Full textLageat, Yannick. "Géomorphologie des roches basiques et ultrabasiques le relief du Bushveld (Afrique du sud) /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606854z.
Full textLageat, Yannick. "Géomorphologie des roches basiques et ultrabasiques : le relief du Bushveld (Afrique du Sud)." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010547.
Full textFaure, François. "Les textures de croissance rapide dans les roches magmatiques basiques et ultrabasiques : étude expérimentale et nanoscopique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF21251.
Full textDufaud, Fabien. "Etude expérimentale des réactions de carbonatation minérale du C02 dans les roches basiques et ultrabasiques." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GLOB0010.
Full textMineral storage of carbon dioxide in the form of geologically stable carbonates is an option for mitigating the atmospheric CO2 increase. The purpose of this thesis has been to study carbonate formation in basic and ultrabasic rocks under high pressure high temperature possible CO2 injection conditions. First, data on siderite dissolution, a reaction limiting CO2 mineral storage, have been acquired by x-ray absorption spectroscopy under high pressures and high temperatures. A dissolution rate law, an activation energy and solution speciation data are given. These experiments have allowed to test the potential for these kinds of studies of batch microreactors mounted on synchrotron beamlines. Then, a laboratory experiment aimed at mimicking CO2 injection in basic and ultrabasic rocks at 90°C and 280 bar CO2 pressure is shown. Carbonatation by dissolution/precipitation of peridotites, basalts and serpentinites yields zoned siderites/ankerites/magnesites with mineral storage rates, depending on the substrate rock, of few percents per year. Finally, in order to study cases with high carbonatation rates, an experimental study on olivines, pyroxenes and serpentines has been relalized at 400-500°C and 1-1. 7 kbar. Mineral storage rates of several percents per hour have been measured. The importances of water fugacities and salinities have been evidenced and a stoichiometric coupling between carbonate production and olivine serpentinization has been shown. A methodology based on carbon isotopic analyses has been developed for establishing mass balances. It suggests that small but significant quantities of reduced carbon are formed in these experiments
Lar, Alexander Uriah. "Etude géochimique de massifs basiques et ultrabasiques (Apa, Todasana, TINAQUILLO) de la chaîne tertiaire Carai͏̈be du Vénézuela : genèse de magmas mantelliques et interaction manteau-croûte." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30008.
Full textOhnenstetter, Daniel. "Minéralisations associées aux complexes mafiques-ultramafiques en domaine océanique et continental." Nancy 1, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1990_0539_OHNENSTETTER.pdf.
Full textPeuble, Steve. "Caractérisation expérimentale des processus d’hydratation et de carbonatation des roches basiques et ultra-basiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20017/document.
Full textSince the mid-90s, in situ mineralization of CO2 has been considered as a safe and efficient solution to mitigate its anthropogenic emissions to the atmosphere. It is to recover the CO2 emitted by some industries and trap it in the mineral form (carbonates) in mafic and ultramafic aquifers (e.g. basalts and peridotites). The carbonation of CO2 has been widely described in natural systems where it occurs through a series of complex chemical reactions coupled to the transport of reactive species in the fluid. Numerous experiments have been conducted in batch reactors over the past fifteen years to better understand the physico-chemical parameters controlling the carbonation of (ultra-)mafic rocks. But few studies have further characterized the coupling reactive-transport processes during the injection and in situ mineralization of CO2 in these rocks.This work aims to meet 3 main objectives: (i) characterize changes in reaction paths during the injection of CO2 in (ultra-)mafic systems, (ii) measure the feedbacks effects of chemical reactions on the hydrodynamic rock properties and (iii) quantify the efficiency and sustainability of such processes over long time periods. It is based on the development of experimental protocols to (i) reproduce the injection of CO2 into (ultra-)mafic rocks and (ii) characterize the reactions using a series of geochemical and analytical tools from the atomic to the centimetric scale. Three series of reactive percolation experiments have been performed on (ultra-)mafic aggregates from relatively simple (olivines from San Carlos and Hawaii) to more complex samples (basalts from Stapafell) under in situ P-T-containment conditions (Ptot=10-25 MPa; T=180-185°C; Pcont=15-28 MPa).The results allowed us to differentiate several reactions paths in these systems depending on the fluid transport, rock porosity, local hydrodynamic properties, mineralogy and/or local changes in the fluid composition. Mass balance calculations have revealed an efficient mineralization of CO2 in the samples. It is controlled by the chemical and the hydrodynamic properties of the rock at the pore scale. But some reactions associated with the alteration of (ultra-)mafic rocks (e.g. hydration) have negative feedbacks effects on the reservoir rock properties (porosity and permeability) that may compromise the sustainability of CO2 storage in natural aquifers in the long term.These new supporting data will allow numerical models to better simulate the carbonation of (ultra-)mafic rocks knowing the hydrodynamic properties and the structural heterogeneities of the reservoir. They also suggest that a better control of some injection parameters, such as the flow injection rate and the injected fluid composition (e.g. pCO2), would improve the rate and yield of CO2 mineralization in these systems
Porokhovoï, Evgueni. "Stabilité à long terme des talus de mines à ciel ouvert dans les massifs de roches basiques et ultrabasiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529344.
Full textSissman, Olivier. "Séquestration minérale du CO2 dans les basaltes et les roches ultrabasiques : impact des phases secondaires silicatées sur le processus de carbonatation." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0001.
Full textBoukhalfa, Lakhdar. "Diversité et signification géodynamique des complexes ultrabasiques/basiques d'âge proterozoïque supérieur du rameau oriental pharusien de la chaîne panafricaine (Hoggar, Algérie)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10040.
Full textGrégoire, Michel. "Pétrologie des enclaves ultrabasiques et basiques des îles Kerguelen (TAAF) : les contraintes minéralogiques et thermobarométriques et leurs implications géodynamiques." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4001.
Full textSeveral occurences of ultrabasic and basic xenoliths, uplifted by peralkaline lavas, lay in the South-East province of the Kerguelen Islands. They display all types of both continental and oceanic UB-B inclusions, except eclogites. Such a wide diversity leads to a typology which is hierarchically classified by textural criteria (1st class) and by mineralogical ones (2nd class). Three main types and seven subtypes are proposed. The type I has mantle tectonite textures and it is divided in a subtype Iα (harzburgites) and in a subtype Iβ (dunites). The type II presents metamorphic textures with relicts of magmatic ones. It presents three subtypes : IIa (cpx + opx + sp), IIb (cpx + ilm + sp) et IIc (ilmenite bearing metagabbros). The type III has purely magmatic textures and it is represented by hornblenditic and biotitic inclusions. The present study focuses mainly on types I and II which are related to the lower crust and to the upper mantle. Inclusions of type I belong to the upper mantle and have been reequilibrated in the "spinel perioditic" stability field. They indicate the role of several mantle processes : partial melting, metasomatism, and magma-mantle interactions. The presence of a clinopyroxene in one of the two harzburgite types clearly expresses the interactions between mantle and magmas. A similar process plays a major role int he origin of the dunites and of the dunite-bearing composite xenoliths. The inclusions of type II were initially magmatic cumulates and segregates. The type IIa consists of a complete series of rocks, from ultrabasic peridotites to basic metagabbros, and may be related to the tholeiitic-transtional magmatism of the archipelago. Some of the sympletitic and coronitic reactions lead to mineral associations with sapphirine ± garnet which expresses reequilibrations in the granulite facies conditions, from 0. 5 to 1. 6 GPa and from 900 to 1000°C. The type IIb differs in that it corrsponds to mineral segregates, occuring fromalkaline magmas in the upper mantle layers (0. 7 to 1. 35 GPa, 850 to 1000°C). The type IIc is an homogeneous group of rocks, of which the composition is close to the tholeiitic-transitional volcanic liquids and have been reequilibrated in the granulite facies conditions. Discussion supporetd by geochronological and geophysical data argues and explains the crustal thickeneing which was previously deduced from the deep seismic velocity variations. The Northern end of the Kerguelen plateau was formed when the junction occured between the India/Antarctic ridge and of the Australia/Antarctic one, at 56 to 43 Ma. The synergy of the young East-Indian Ridge and of the Kerguelen hot spot was at the origin of a very voluminous production of tholeiitic-transtional magmas of which many cumulates and segregates were underplated in the viscinity of the Moho. This process of crustal thickening by underplating was later amplified by the volcanic overload related to the logevity of the hot spot. Then, while their temperature slowly decreased, the UB-B cumulates were sunk to depths at which they were reequilibrated into granulite facies conditions. The younger alkaline magmas then uplifted pieces of these deep rocks. Such a crustal thickening, as well as some specific features of the magmatic complexes of the archipelago, allow the assumption of an anomalous weak density of the lithosphere, and consequently leads one to propose the unsubductability of Kerguelen islands which may be considered then as a continental protolith
Begou, Patrick. "Distribution des éléments du groupe du platine et de l'or dans les roches basiques et ultrabasiques : approche de leur comportement géochimique orthomagmatique pendant les phénomènes de fusion partielle et de cristallisation fractionnée." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682743.
Full textBerger, Julien. "Les associations de roches basiques - ultrabasiques néoprotérozoïques d'Amalaoulou (Gourma, Mali), du Tassendjanet (Hoggar occidental, Algérie) et cénozoïques du Saghro (Anti-Atlas, Maroc): témoins de l'évolution géodynamique de la ceinture péri-cratonique ouest-africaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210499.
Full textLe massif d’Amalaoulaou (Gourma, Mali) est interprété comme la racine d’un arc intra-océanique ayant enregistré la mise en place de magmas basiques (unité des métagabbros) à un stade immature de l’évolution de l’arc (subduction naissante) vers 800-790 Ma. Les gabbros quartziques (~720 Ma) et les gabbros à hornblende de l’unité supérieure ont des signatures de magmas d’arc plus franche, témoins d’une source mantellique plus enrichie par l’apport de la plaque océanique plongeante. Les métagabbros sont ensuite affectés par une recristallisation et localement par une anatexie en conditions du faciès granulitique. De nombreuses veines leucocrates se développent à ce stade, ce sont principalement des anorthosites et des tonalites (mises en place vers 660 Ma) provenant de la fusion partielle des métagabbros (850°C-1000°C, P>10 kbar). Cette fusion génère également des résidus denses à grenat-clinopyroxène-rutile, associations fréquemment présentes dans les racines d’arcs plus récents et reflétant la maturation de l’arc. L’arc d’Amalaoulaou est ensuite exhumé et charrié sur le craton ouest-africain dans des conditions de basse température et moyenne pression (550°C, 6-9 kbar), probablement au même moment que l’exhumation des éclogites du Gourma (~620 Ma).
L ‘épisode de subduction océanique est suivi par la subduction continentale dans le Gourma et le Hoggar occidental. Les éclogites/amphibolites de Tiléouine et Tin Zebbane (Hoggar occidental) sont des métabasaltes tholéiitiques enrichis et alcalins intracontinentaux ayant plongé à 60 km de profondeur (600°C, 17 kbar) lors de la subduction d’une partie du terrane du Tassendjanet. Même si la nature géochimique du protolithe est encore reconnaissable, ces métabasaltes ont subi une différenciation chimique lors de la recristallisation à haute pression par interaction avec les fluides issus de la déshydratation des métasédiments. L’exhumation (615-600 Ma) se fait relativement lentement, ce qui induit un rééquilibrage thermique (750°C, ~10 kbar) avant l’exhumation à basse température (660 °C, 7-8 kbar) précédant de peu voire synchrone à la phase collisionnelle.
L’intrusion basique-ultrabasique de Tiléouine marque la fin de la collision panafricaine dans le Hoggar occidental (600-590 Ma). C’est une ancienne chambre magmatique différenciée, mise en place entre 10 et 20 km de profondeur, et montrant une évolution magmatique depuis des cumulats ultramafiques riches en olivine, spinelle et pyroxène vers des gabbros riches en plagioclase. Le magma parental est d’affinité tholéiitique enrichie et tire probablement sa source de la lithosphère sous-continentale. La mise en place de cette intrusion est contemporaine d’un contexte tectonique transtensif induisant un amincissement lithosphérique au niveau du Tassendjanet.
Cette suture péri-cratonique est réactivée au Cénozoïque, lors de la convergence Afrique-Europe, ce qui se marque par la mise en place de laves alcalines, notamment dans l'Est de l’Anti-Atlas marocain (Saghro :10-3 Ma). Les néphélinites du Saghro sont issues de faibles taux de fusion partielle d’une source mantellique contenant un composant HIMU et localisée à la limite asthénosphère/lithosphère (70-100 km sous l’Anti-Atlas). La cristallisation fractionnée de ces magmas génère des phonolites, par fractionnement de feldspath, néphéline, apatite et sphène, principalement. L’étape finale de différenciation se marque par la formation de phases peu communes comme la hainite et la lorenzenite. Ces magmas se sont mis en place à la faveur de fentes de tension et de fractures ouvertes ayant la même orientation que la contrainte principale au Mio-Pliocène.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Berger, Julien. "Les associations de roches basiques-ultrabasiques néoprotérozoïques d'Amalaoulaou (Gourma, Mali), du Tassendjanet (Hoggar occidental, Algérie) et cénozoïques du Saghro (Anti-Atlas, Maroc) : témoins de l'évolution géodynamique de la ceinture péri-cratonique ouest-africaine." La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS236.
Full textThis study focuses on the Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic evolution of the eastern and northern border of the West African Craton. Four massifs, characterised by a basic-ultrabasic association located in Gourma (Mali), Western Hoggar (Algeria) and Anti-Atlas (Morocco) are investigated in order to constrain the evolution of the peri-cratonic suture from the Neoproterozoic to the Cenozoic. The Amalaoulaou massif (Gourma, Mali) represents the root of a Neoproterozoic intra-oceanic island arc. Its evolution begun with the emplacement (800-790 Ma) of tholeiitic basic magmas (now recrystallised in metagabbros) that have a source only slightly enriched by slab-derived components. This event corresponds to the beginning of the subduction, when the arc is still immature. Quartz and hornblende gabbros from the upper unit (~720 Ma) represent chilled melts that have a more pronounced arc signature, thus reflecting a higher degree of enrichment by slab-derived components in the mantle source. The syn- to late-magmatic evolution is marked by recrystallisation and localised melting in the deep arc crust, forming anorthositic to tonalitic melts (660 Ma) and garnet-clinopyroxene-rutile residues. The arc root is exhumed at low T conditions (550°C, 6-9 kbar), probably at the same time as the UHP eclogite exhumation. Oceanic slab subduction is rapidly followed by continental subduction. The Tiléouine/Tin Zebbane eclogites/amphibolites are intracontinetal tholeiitic metabasalts recrystallised under HP conditions (600°C, 17 kbar) during subduction of the Tassendjanet terrane. The eclogites were subject to chemical differentiation during HP recrystallisation due to interaction with fluids derived from the dehydration of continental sediments. Eclogites were subject to thermal reequilibration during the first steps of exhumation (750°C, ~10 kbar) and these conditions were progressively overprinted by low-T conditions (660°C, 7-8 kbar) just before the collision stage. The basic-ultrabasic intrusion of Tiléouine (Western Hoggar) is emplaced just after the collision stage (600-590 Ma). The parental magma of the series is most probably a continental tholeiitic basalt having a lithospheric mantle source. It has crystallised ultramafic cumulates dominated by olivine, spinel and pyroxenes and progressively followed by plagioclase-rich gabbros. Magma emplacement at 10-20 km depth is coeval with transtensional tectonics that probably induced lithospheric thinning. Reactivation of the peri-cratonic suture in intraplate anorogenic setting is marked by the emplacement of Cenozoic alkaline lavas in the Anti-Atlas (Saghro volcanic field, Morocco). The mantle-derived nephelinites are low degree partial melts products of a HIMU-bearing mantle source that was probably located close the asthenosphere/lithosphere boundary. Fractional crystallisation of K-feldspar, nepheline, apatite and titanite lead the parental magma towards phonolitic composition. Late-stage magmatic evolution of the phonolites is responsible for the development of accessory minerals that are usually found in agpaitic systems (hainite and lorenzenite). The magmas were emplaced along tension gashes or open fractures that have the same orientation as the principal stress in the southern Atlas system during Mio-Pliocene times
Maillet, Nathalie. "Dualité d'origine des massifs ultrabasiques limousins : implications géodynamiques." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10109.
Full textIzoret, Laurent. "Cristallochimie des clinopyroxènes : études spectroscopiques des diopsides de séries basiques, ultrabasiques et calibrages expérimentaux." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F122.
Full textLatham, Marc. "Altération et pédogenèse sur roches ultrabasiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie : genèse et évolution des accumulations de fer et de silice en relation avec la formation du modelé /." Paris : Éd. de l'ORSTOM, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34868238q.
Full textDublet, Gabrielle. "Relation entre spéciation et distribution du nickel dans les couvertures d'altération latéritique des roches ultrabasiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066035.
Full textThree weathering profiles, 43 to 67 m thick, of the peridotitic regolith of New Caledonia, were studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This allowed confirming the redistribution of Ni from the primary minerals (olivine, pyroxene and serpentine) into neoformed phases such as secondary phyllosilicates, goethites and manganese oxides, during the formation of the lateritic covers of ultramafic rocks. The crystal-chemistry of phyllosilicates was investigated in more details, with samples either from the saprolite of the profiles or from serpentinized veins in rock fractures. This lead to propose a mineralization model according to which Ni would have been massively redistributed among the regolith as soon as the ophiolite obducted, and this from poorly nickeliferous serpentines to talcs very enriched in nickel. The analysis of goethite mineralogy and crystal-chemistry along the profiles showed that ageing of this mineral species, through dissolution and crystallization, yield to an upward increase of its crystallinity and a decrease of its Ni content. This process was proposed to explain the upward Ni depletion that is classically observed in lateritic covers of ultramafic rocks. The occurrence of high amounts of differentiated goethites, yielded by this ageing process and by reshuffle of the differentiated lateritic materials, is also proposed to explain some of the lateral heterogeneities of Ni contents that are observed in New Caledonian laterites. Finally, a XAS analysis showed that siderite secondary phases can hold significant proportions of Ni, if reductive environments set by organic matters develop among these nickeliferous lateritic covers
Agbossoumonde, Yao. "Les complexes ultrabasiques-basiques de la chaîne panafricaine au Sud-Togo : pétrologie et implications géodynamiques." Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STET4017.
Full textMattielli, Nadine. "Magmatisme et métasomatisme associés au panache des Kerguelen: contribution de la géochimie des enclaves basiques et ultrabasiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212420.
Full textDaval, Damien. "Processus de carbonation de basaltes et de roches ultrabasiques en conditions de subsurface." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077136.
Full textMineral trapping of co2 by carbonation is possibly a way to store co2 permanently. However, little is known aboutthe reaction kinetics and mechanisms of this process. Our work aimed at identifying the main parameters/dontrolling the weathering and carbonation rates of model silicates of (ultra)basic rocks. The influence of secondary phases on silicate weathering rates received detailed attention. Whereas the formation of thick and mesoporous coatings of amorphous silica onto the surface of wollastonite weakly affects wollastonite dissolution, forsterite dissolution is inhibited by a passivating silica layer. In this latter case, the reaction continues through solid-state diffusion, a process which is ~ 5 orders of magnitude slower than an interfacial dissolution mechanism. Another parameter which controls the weathering rate of silicates (r) is the distance from equilibrium (Δgr) at which it takes place. We showed that the law implemented into geochemical codes and which links r to Δgr overestimates diopside dissolution rate by one order of magnitude on a wide range of Δgr. This difference is responsible for a substantial error on the modeling of carbonation rate of diopside, which we calculated and corrected. A third factor which affects the weathering rate of minerals is due to the c02 itself: its effect (apart from that of ph) intrinsically promûtes lizardite dissolution kinetics, presumably because of the formation of surface complexes involving hco3" species. Finally, co2-h2o-fe-silicates interactions can lead to the reduction of co2, a flux which could compete with that of carbonation. Preliminary experiments of fayalite dissolution will help to resolve this question
Ould, Souelim Moktar. "Les roches mafiques et ultramafiques de Guidimaka (Mauritanie) et les gisements de chromite associés." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4438.
Full textIBHI, ABDERRAHMANE. "Etude des enclaves basiques et ultrabasiques, et des megacristaux dans deux gisements basaltiques quaternaires de l'ardeche (massif central francais)." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066187.
Full textMahmoudi, Abdelkader. "Quelques intrusions alcalines et basiques du crétacé supérieur au Portugal (région de Lisbonne)." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10079.
Full textPicazo, Suzanne. "Déformation des roches ultramafiques liée à l'exhumation dans les dorsales et les transitions océan continent." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GLOB0010.
Full textThe exhumation of mantle-derived rocks is widespread in slow and ultraslow Mid-Ocean Ridges and in passive continental margins. This process is done by means of detachment faults. The thermo-mechanical models predict an extreme softening of ultramafic rocks along the detachment fault but the deformation process leading to this weakening are not yet constrained. This work is focused on the understanding of the deformation process during exhumation in extensive domains as ridges or ocean continent transitions (OCT) and the mineral assemblages associated with it. The study is based on petro-structural analysis of rocks sampled in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Serpentine cruise, 2007) around the hydrothermal sites of Ashadze (13°N) and Logatchev (15°N), in the relict of the Totalp OCT (Swiss Alps) and drilled on the Iberian margin (ODP Leg 173 Hole 1070). Our study shows that the ultramafic rocks in the upper levels of the footwall of the detachment fault undergo a series of plastic to semi-brittle deformations and brittle deformations. In samples from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, we observe deformations prior to serpentinization that are clearly favored by the products of hydrothermal alteration of gabbroic injections in the peridotite (tremolite, chlorite). We show experimentally that the friction coefficient of tremolite between 500° and 600°C (0. 4 to 0. 65) is comparable to that of serpentine. After serpentinization, the deformation of our ridge sample set is favored by talc which crystallized after hydrothermal alteration of serpentine by fluids Si-rich (probably due to an interaction with mafic rocks). It therefore appears that the detachments in the Atlantic ridge is largely influenced by the injection of magma near the fault. These features are not found in our samples from OCT. These samples show a cataclasites gougessequence that affects the serpentinized peridotites and in the most deformed levels, that brings out to a plastic deformation of serpentine. In this case the rheology (brittle and then plastic) of serpentine controls the detachment fault. This sequence of serpentinite gouges and cataclasites is found in certain facies sampled at the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and thus contributes to the deformation near the detachment after serpentinization of peridotites. Finally we note that samples of OCT have been replaced by a strong static carbonatation of serpentinite, probably after their emplacement in the paleo-seafloor. We do not find the carbonatation in our samples from MAR. Instead in these samples, there is the crystallization of carbonates in veins associated with a fracture of the serpentinite, probably near the detachment fault at the end of the exhumation
Caillaud, Jacinthe. "Localisation et distribution des Eléments Traces Métalliques (ETM) naturels au cours de l'altération supergène d'une serpentinite : rôle des microsystèmes et des minéraux argileux associés." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2345.
Full textThe pedogeochemical background from a serpentinite was studied at the scales of a weathering profile and its related weathering microsystems and clay minerals. The serpentinite weathering is rapid and intense and show early magnesium leaching from serpentine minerals. A detailed mineralogical study indicates that rock weathering is controled by three microsystems : the primary plasma (weathering sequences), secondary plasma (homogeneization of clay mineralogy and oxides) and the fissural systems. Chemical potential of magnesium in solution appears to control these microsystems ; the decreasing of such potential will generate, from bottom to top, an evolutive sequence from magnesian trioctahedral to dioctahedral, iron rich clay minerals, and then aluminous clay minerals. MTE trapped in primary mineral are relatively concentrated in secondary phases from weathering levels. When compared to their concentrations in rock, chromium, nickel, zinc and copper are strongly enriched in the clay minerals from lower alteration levels. In contrary, upper alteration levels show decreasing MTE concentrations. Cobalt and manganese behaviours are more independant on the clay phases and mainly trapped into oxy-hydroxides. However, manganese can be found as exchangeable state in these upper levels. The secondary oxy-hydroxides generated by iron segregation at the top of the profile are the newly MTE bearing phases to the detriment of clay minerals
Oliver, Richard Arthur. "Géologie et géochimie des granitoïdes et des roches basiques associées du Valsenestre : place dans la province magmatique varisque des massifs cristallins externes du Haut Dauphiné (Alpes occidentales françaises)." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10211.
Full textKane, Mustapha. "Sur les caractères ophiolitiques du complexe ultrabasique-basique du proterozoïque supérieur des Mauritanides centrales : Métallogénèse et géochimie des indices de métaux de base associés et guides de prospection (pour une ophiolitisation au Précambrien)." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN1A027.
Full textFandeur, Dik Stefano. "Géochimie et cristallochimie du chrome au cours de l'altération de roches ultrabasiques en Nouvelle-calédonie (Massif du Koniambo)." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077035.
Full textIn New-Caledonia, 35 Ma of deep weathering of ultramafic rocks yield soils strongly enriched in metallic trace elements (Ni, Co, Cr, Mn). In these soils, these large amounts of metallic trace elements constitute a significant risk for the environmental quality of this peculiar environment. Among these metallic trace elements, chromium is the most problematic because it is the most abundant (up to 3,8 wt% of Cr₂O₃), but also that showing the largest toxicity potential, depending on its redox state. After studying the redistribution of major and trace elements upon the formation of a 64 meters depth regolith in the Koniambo outcrop, a detailed study of the crystal-chemistry of chromium allowed to better understand thé behavior of this element along the weathering sequence. Initially as Cr(III), Cr is partially oxidized to Cr(VI) after redox reactions with Mn-oxyhydroxydes which accumulate at the boundary between the saprolitic and lateritic levels of the sequence. These Mn-oxyhydroxydes are also suspected to significantly increase the solubility of chromite, a mineral species usually considered as almost insoluble Regarding the very large solubility of Cr(VI), such an oxidation of Cr(III) should significantly increase the leaching of chromium along the sequence. However, mass balance with the Brimhall method indicate a quite restricted mobility for chromium, although slightly larger in the Mn-enriched levels. These observations are explained by the results of spatially-resolved analyses which show that, once oxidized by the Mn-oxyhydroxydes, Cr(VI) is re-adsorbed by the Fe-oxyhydroxydes (mainly goethite), abundant in these lateritic environments, underlying the importance of Fe-oxyhydroxydes to mitigate this leaching
Boukhalfa, Lakhdar. "Diversité et signification géodynamique des complexes ultrabasiques/basiques d'âge protérozoïque supérieur du rameau oriental pharusien de la chaîne panafricaine (Hoggar, Algérie)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376033107.
Full textLatham, Marc. "Altération et pédogénèse sur roches ultrabasiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie : Genèse et évolution des accumulations de fer et de silice en relation avec la formation du modèle." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS009.
Full textAdriao, de Brito Alden. "Mélange mécanique et métamorphisme des lithologies basiques et ultrabasiques au cours de la mylonitisation dans le système transformant de St. Paul, Dorsale Médio-Atlantique." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0012.
Full textThe St. Paul Transform System (SPTS) displays one of the most complex tectonic settings composed by four transform faults, three intra-transform ridge segments that offset by 630 km the Equatorial Mid Atlantic Ridge. This region is known by having unique mantle rocks exposed above the sea level, the St. Peter and St. Paul islets that are still rising. The SPTS shows a transition from a transpressive, hot spot affected, regional-scale shear zone to the North to a region dominated by a particular oceanic core complex spreading to the South. The tectonized samples collected along the whole transform system experienced pervasive deformation at both ductile and brittle conditions, and are grouped in ultramafic, mafic and intermediate mylonites. Ultramafic mylonites are porphyroblastic to porphyroclastic harzburgites with remnants of amphiboles equilibrated at granulite facies. Mafic mylonites are mainly porphyroclastic gabbros strongly transformed to amphibolites. Intermediate mylonites are talc-chlorite rich schist with composed by variable proportions of highly deformed and hydrated mafic and ultramafic rocks. All rocks have micrograin size groundmass, banded foliation and are overprinted by late low-T alteration.Geothermometry yield temperatures of equilibration between 700 and 900 °C for the peridotites and 700 to 850 °C for the gabbroic rocks. Major and trace element contents of the ultramafic mylonites plot in the depleted field of the abyssalperidotites originated by low degrees of fractional melting (up to 9%), however, they present marked LREE enrichment and Eu positive anomaly. Mafic and intermediate mylonites display REEenriched flat patterns (up to 100 x CI) and variable Eu anomalies. Rock-melt interaction is suggested for the enrichmentof the LREE for the peridotitic mylonites and hydrothermal fluids specifically for the overall REE enrichment of the serpentinized mylonites. These compositional characteristics suggest variable assimilation of N-MORB and E-MORB during mylonisis or early melt-rock interaction and hydrothermal evolution at variable metamorphic conditions. Transform faults are resistant and not weakened by lubricating minerals as talc or serpentine and the deformation takes place mainly under dry conditions. The first stress profile for this region is presented and suggests a deep Brittle Plastic Transition at depth of around 15 km
Georget, Yvon. "Nature et origine des granites péralumineux à cordiérite et des roches associées, granites à deux micas-roches basiques exemples des granitoïdes cadomiens et hercyniens du Massif Armoricain, France." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597829p.
Full textEzzayani, Jamil. "Les roches basiques du Bas-Limousin (Massif Central français) : évolution métamorphique et implications géodynamiques de leurs protolithes." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10274.
Full textGeorget, Yvon. "Nature et origine des granites peralumineux a cordierite et des roches associees (granite a deux micas - roches basiques) : exemple des granitoides cadomiens et hercyniens du massif armoricain (france), petrologie et geochimie." Rennes 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN10066.
Full textPorokhovoi, Eugueni. "Stabilité à long terme des talus de mines à ciel ouvert dans les massifs de roches basiques et ultabasiques." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529344.
Full textOuangrawa, Mariam. "Etude des composés du fer dans l'altération latéritique de roches ultrabasiques : exemples de Nouvelle-Calédonie et du Burkina Faso (Ton-Brédié)." Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2304.
Full textHorswill, Micha. "Minéralisation du carbone dans une halde à résidus miniers ultramafiques : une approche pétrophysique et géophysique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30789.
Full textRichard, Maryannick. "Géologie et pétrologie d'un jalon de l'arc Taïwan-Luzon : l'île de Batan (Philippines) : étude des nodules mantelliques métasomatisés en enclaves dans les laves calco-alcalines potassiques." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES0001.
Full textEvrard, Catherine. "Processus métallogéniques associés aux interactions hydrothermales entre l'eau de mer et les roches ultrabasiques du manteau, exemple de la ride Médio-Atlantique." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927274.
Full textLaurent, Jean-Christophe. "Les épisodes magmatiques filoniens basiques du massif des Ecrins-Pelvoux entre Carbonifère et Lias." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10066.
Full textTraoré, Daouda. "Serpentinisation hydrothermale et altération latéritique des roches ultrabasiques en milieu tropical : Evolution géochimique et minéralogique de la minéralisation en platine de la Rivière des Pirogues (Nouvelle-Calédonie)." Phd thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2005. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseDaoudaTraore2005.pdf.
Full textMortaji, Abdelaziz. "La boutonnière précambrienne de Tagragra d'Akka (anti-atlas occidental, Maroc) : Pétrologie et géochimie des granitoïdes, filons basiques et métamorphites associées." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10349.
Full textEl, Atrassi Fatima. "Les pyroxénites à grenat du massif de péridotites de Beni Bousera (Rif, Maroc) : marqueurs de l'évolution magmatique et métamorphique d'un corps mantellique en voie d'exhumation." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066183.
Full textThe petrological study of garnet pyroxenites from the orogenic Beni Bousera massif (Rif, Morocco) brings important constraints on the conditions of its uplift. The garnet pyroxenites which contain graphite aggregates formed at asthenospheric levels, as indicated by the preservation of submicrometric diamonds in these aggregates. The original macrodiamonds belonged to the primary paragenesis along with garnet and pyroxenes as indicated by the composition of silicate inclusions now included in the aggregates. The primary silicates record temperatures in the order of 1200°C but could have formed at higher temperature. A first stage of uplift in the asthenosphere probably led to the graphitization of diamond. Further on, within a thinned and hot lithosphere (80-100 km thick), primary clinopyroxene first decomposed into lamellar Cpx and Opx before garnets were further exsolved. The growth of these secondary garnets took place below the blocking temperature of Mg-Fe exchanges between garnet and pyroxenes (ca. 1050°C at 15-20 kbar). Symplectite rims formed around garnet while the massif reached the lower crustal levels composed of kinzigite, at a depth of around 30-40 km. A late heating event led to partial melting of the pyroxenites as evidenced by the presence of silicate films preserved in the graphite aggregates and the occurrence of interstitial amphibole and plagioclase. Previous events of mantle metasomatism are testified by the presence of amphibole and phlogopite in a garnet websterite and in a spinel peridotite
Zongo, Charly Sagite. "Données biologiques et physiologiques sur les semences de quelques espèces de milieux ultramafiques néo-calédoniens." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2010. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseCharlyZongo2010.pdf.
Full textCoquinot, Yvan. "Physicochimie et origine de la phase fluide impliquée dans les processus d'interactions fluide-roche au cours du métamorphisme rétrograde et de la déformation : exemple des diabases métamorphisées du massif de Rocroi." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-77.pdf.
Full textGarcia, de Oliveira Marisa Terezinha. "Evolution minéralogique de l'altération latéritique des roches volcaniques basiques de la bordure sud-est du bassin du Parana (Rio Grande do Sul et Santa Catarina)." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2357.
Full textLagrange, Alexandre. "Etudes écologique et microbiologique des espèces du genre Costularia (Cyperaceae), pionnières des sols ultramafiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie : application à la restauration écologique." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2009. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseAlexandreLagrange2009.pdf.
Full textIn New Caledonia, soils developed on ultramafic rocks (5. 500 km2) are constituted of more than 65 % iron oxi-hydroxide. They present very low contents in nitrogen and phosphor (only 1/10 to 1/100 of average contents); besides their Ca / Mg ratio is unbalanced and they contain very high heavy metals concentrations (nickel, manganese, cobalt, chromium). Nowadays the nickel open mines which exploit such soils must consider both economic interests and ecological preoccupations, as these soils are associated to particularly original and diversified ecosystems. Within these, several endemic pioneer plant species have been identified. Among them, some Costularia (Cyperaceae) are recommended in revegetation programmes of mining sites, after their exploitation. Ecological restoration requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating soil sciences, physiological and microbiological data of ultramafic scrubland ecosystems. Analysis of soils / plant’s relations along a topo-sequence, including various types of scrubland, clearly shows there is a direct relationship between the concentrations of soil available elements and the variety and organization of the vegetation, in particular for the herbaceous stratum. This work, coupled with the creation of an experimental Cyperaceae seed orchard, in association with SIRAS Pacifique Company, indicates that the growth of Costularia comosa answers positively the nitrogenous and phosphated fertilization. The experiment also underlines the fact that vigour, growth speed, rate of mycorhization and fruiting of plants are stimulated by moderate doses of these elements. Other assays enabled to improve our knowledge of the role of the microorganisms associated to Costularia roots. Thus, we shows that nine pioneer species of Cyperaceae, studied in situ, develop arbuscular mycorhizal symbioses. An experiment of controlled mycorhization on Costularia comosa shows that mycorhization by Glomus etunicatum is functional, with an increase of the plants’ biomass of 2,8 times compared to the control. Furthermore, such a mycorhization of C. Comosa reduces the nickel concentration in the plant, suggesting the mycorhize acts as a barrier towards nickel. In this study, we also present a description of the aerobic, heterotrophic and nickel resistant bacterial populations isolated from roots of two Costularia species associated to ultramafic scrublands. The density of these bacterial populations is low and Protéobactéria dominate. Some of the isolated strains present a tolerance to 15 mM of soluble nickel and the capacity to solubilize phosphates. The progresses in both our knowledge of Cyperaceae mineral nutrition and the role of associated microorganisms brought by this study, allow to envisage the implementation of productive seed orchards and the use of the microorganisms associated to Costularia, in the technical routes for optimised ecological restoration plans