Academic literature on the topic 'Roches carbonatées'
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Journal articles on the topic "Roches carbonatées"
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Kimpe, Christian de. "Formation de phyllosilicates dans les roches carbonatées cristallines de La Mauricie, Québec." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 7 (1989): 1463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-124.
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The chemical and mineralogical analyses of the disaggregated material collected in the fracture planes of crystalline carbonate outcrops at three sites north of Trois-Rivières, Quebec, showed the formation of expanding phyllosilicates, smectite and vermiculite, mainly at the expense of the ferromagnesian minerals hornblende and augite. The clay minerals are enriched in Fe and Mg with respect to the parent material composition and are associated with the crystalline Fe oxides goethite and lepidocrocite. The moderate to low degree of mineral transformation is accounted for by the slow dissolution of the carbonates. Corrensite, a regularly interstratified clay mineral, was identified in 50% of the samples; it probably resulted from the hydrothermal alteration of phlogopite. Silicate alteration may have been responsible for a fraction of the swelling minerals found in the soils of the area.
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Bauer-Plaindoux, Corinne, Daniel Tessier, and Mehdi Ghoreychi. "Propriétés mécaniques des roches argileuses carbonatées: Importance de la relation calcite-argile." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 326, no. 4 (1998): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(97)86812-7.
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Botsyun, Svetlana, Pierre Sepulchre, and Camille Risi. "Comprendre la dynamique atmosphérique pour mieux reconstituer l'altitude passée des chaînes de montagnes." La Météorologie, no. 109 (2020): 023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2020-0043.
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Comprendre la dynamique de soulèvement d'une chaîne de montagne nécessite d'en estimer l'altitude passée. C'est le but de la paléoaltimétrie. La méthode la plus répandue utilise la composition isotopique en oxygène des roches carbonatées formées dans les sols et à partir des sédiments lacustres. Celle-ci reflète la composition de la pluie passée qui, dans le monde actuel et dans la plupart des chaînes de montagnes, s'appauvrit progressivement en isotopes lourds avec l'altitude. En supposant que cet appauvrissement reste valide dans le passé, l'altitude du plateau tibétain à l'Éocène (il y a environ 42 millions d'années) est estimée à 4 000 m environ. Mais d'autres marqueurs de l'altitude passée indiquent au contraire des altitudes inférieures à 2 000 m. La relation entre composition isotopique des pluies et altitude observée aujourd'hui s'applique-t-elle à l'Éocène ? C'est ce que nous avons essayé de vérifier en utilisant un modèle de circulation générale atmosphérique, LMDZ-iso. On trouve qu'à l'Éocène la circulation atmosphérique et les processus hydrologiques étaient tellement différents de l'actuel que les observations isotopiques dans les roches carbonatées se trouvent finalement être cohérentes avec des altitudes relativement faibles. Les différentes méthodes de paléo-altimétrie se retrouvent ainsi réconciliées et en accord avec un soulèvement récent (post-Éocène) du plateau tibétain. Understanding the uplift dynamics of a mountain range requires estimating past altitude. This is the purpose of the paleo-altimetry. The most commonly applied paleo-altimetry method is based on the isotopic oxygen composition of the carbonate archives. It reflects the composition of past rain, which at present-day and in the most mountain ranges becomes progressively more depleted in heavy isotopes with altitude. Assuming that this depletion remains valid in the past, the elevation of the Tibetan Plateau in the Eocene (about 42 millions years ago) is estimated to be about 4 000 m. However, other proxy data indicate on the contrary low altitudes. Is the relationship between the rain isotopic composition and the altitude that is observed today applicable to the Eocene? This is what we tried to verify using an atmospheric general circulation model, LMDZ-iso. We find that in the Eocene, the atmospheric circulation and hydrological processes were so different to the present-day that the isotopic observations in the Eocene carbonates are actually consistent with relatively low altitudes of the Plateau. This allows us to reconcile different methods of paleo-altimetry in agreement with more recent (post-Eocene) uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.
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Troalen, Jean-Pierre. "Une méthode indirecte de quantification de l'évolution de la microfissuration thermique dans des roches carbonatées." Engineering Geology 33, no. 3 (1993): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(93)90057-j.
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Dalongeville, R., T. Le Campion, and M. F. Fontaine. "Experiments of the balance of biological processes of carbonate rocks on the Mediterranean coast. - Geomorphological implications." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 38, no. 4 (1994): 457–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/38/1994/457.
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Lauriol, Bernard, and Louise Godbout. "Les terrasses de cryoplanation dans le nord du Yukon : distribution, genèse et âge." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 42, no. 3 (2007): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032738ar.
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RÉSUMÉ Les terrasses de cryoplanation sont une forme fréquente et caractéristique dans le nord du Yukon. Plus de 1000 ont été identifiées dans les dolomies, les calcaires, les argilites et les quartzites de cette région. Situées sur des versants, elles dominent toujours des pediments. Elles ne sont jamais présentes sur des versants façonnés par l'érosion fluviale. Lagélifraction, lagélifluxion et le ruissellement aréolaire associés à l'existence de plaques de neige résiduelles paraissent être les processus les plus aptes à les façonner. À côté de ces processus, la dissolution des roches carbonatées joue un rôle secondaire. Plusieurs terrasses semblent avoir une origine structurale, d'autres seraient des fragments de pediments. Les repères chronologiques ne sont pas nombreux pour reconstituer les étapes de la morphogénèse du paysage dans lequel s'est inscrite la mise en place des terrasses. Néanmoins, au sud des monts Keele, la datation de concrétions prélevées dans les cavernes permet d'avancer l'hypothèse que quelques terrasses pourraient être pré-sangamoniennes et peut-être plus vieilles que 1,2 Ma. Les terrasses sont actuellement inactives à l'exception de quelques-unes situées dans les monts Richardson.
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Barhi, Hassan, Jamal Eddine Stitou El Messari, and Mohamed Reda Oulad Mansour. "Apport de la Fracturation et des Méthodes d’analyses Statistiques à l’etude Hydrogéochimique des Eaux Souterraines du Massif Calcareux de la Région de Tlata Taghramt, Chaîne Calcaire du Haouz (Rif Septentrional, Maroc)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 33 (2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n33p207.
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L’objectif de cette étude vise à établir les caractéristiques hydrogéologiques et hydrochimiques des eaux souterraines des formations carbonatées de la région de Tlata Taghramt. Au total, 16 échantillons d'eau ont été prélevés pour l’analyse chimique. Le traitement des données hydrochimiques a été réalisé à l'aide de diagrammes de Piper, les indices de saturation en minéraux et à base des méthodes d’analyses statistiques. Les paramètres physiques tels que la conductivité électrique, le potentiel hydrogène et les températures ont été mesurés sur le terrain à savoir que : la conductivité électrique varie entre 403μS/cm et 925μS/cm, le potentiel hydrogène varie entre 7.55 et 8.04 et les températures varient entre 15°C et 18°C. L'analyse hydrochimique montre une abondance en éléments majeurs (Anions et Cations) respectivement par ordre décroissant : (HCO3-> Cl- > SO42- > NO3-) et (Ca2+ > Mg2+ >Na+ > K+). Les bicarbonates représentent 70% du total des anions, tandis que le calcium représente 12% du total des cations. Cet enrichissement en ces deux éléments traduit la nature carbonatée des formations géologiques traversées par les eaux souterraines ainsi l'interaction de l'eau avec la matrice du système aquifère. L'étude de la fracturation indique une dominance de fractures orientées N-S favorisant l’apparition des sources via les joints et les sutures affectant les roches réservoirs. De point de vue chimique, les eaux des sources ont une nature généralement bicarbonatée calcique et magnésienne.
 
 This study aims to establish the hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater of carbonate rocks in the Tlata Taghramt region. A total of 16 water samples were collected for chemical analysis. Hydrochemical data processing was carried out using Piper diagrams, mineral saturation indices and statistical analysis methods. Physical parameters such as Electrical Conductivity, PH and Temperatures were measured in the field. The EC varies between 403μS/cm and 925μS/cm, the PH varies between 7.55 and 8.04 and the temperatures vary between 15°C and 18°C. Hydrochemical analysis shows an abundance of major elements (Anions and Cations) respectively in descending order: (HCO3-> Cl- > SO42- > NO3-) and (Ca2+ > Mg2+ >Na+ > K+). Bicarbonates account for 70% of total anions, while calcium accounts for 12% of total cations. This enrichment in these two elements reflects the carbonate nature of the geological formations crossed by the groundwater and the interaction of water with the aquifer system matrix. The study of fracturing indicates a dominance of N-S oriented fractures favoring the appearance of sources via joints and sutures affecting reservoir rocks. From a chemical point of view, spring waters have a calcium and magnesium bicarbonate-type facies.
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Fyffe, Leslie R. "The Grand Manan Terrane of New Brunswick: Tectonostratigraphy and Relationship to the Gondwanan Margin of the Iapetus Ocean." Geoscience Canada 41, no. 4 (2014): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.051.
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Recently gathered stratigraphic and U–Pb geochronological data indicate that the pre-Triassic rocks of the Grand Manan Terrane on the eastern side of Grand Manan Island can be divided into: (1) Middle Neoproterozoic (late Cryogenian) quartzose and carbonate sedimentary sequences (The Thoroughfare and Kent Island formations); (2) a Late Neoproterozoic (early Ediacaran) volcanic-arc sequence (Ingalls Head Formation); and (3) Late Neoproterozioc (mid- Ediacaran) to earliest Cambrian (early Terreneuvian) sedimentary and volcanic-arc sequences (Great Duck Island, Flagg Cove, Ross Island, North Head, Priest Cove, and Long Pond Bay formations). A comparison to Precambrian terranes on the New Brunswick mainland (Brookville and New River terranes) and in adjacent Maine (Islesboro Terrane) suggests that the sedimentary and volcanic sequences of the Grand Manan Terrane were deposited on the continental margin of a Precambrian ocean basin that opened during the breakup of Rodinia in the Middle Neoproterozoic (Cryogenian) and closed by the Early Cambrian (Terreneuvian) with the final assembling of Gondwana. Rifting associated with the initial opening of the Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean began in the Late Neoproterozoic (late Ediacaran) and so overlapped in time with the closing of the Precambrian Gondwanan ocean. The southeastern margin of the Iapetus Ocean is defined by thick sequences of quartz-rich Cambrian sediments (within the St. Croix and Miramichi terranes of New Brunswick) that were largely derived from recycling of Precambrian passive-margin sedimentary rocks preserved in the Grand Manan and Brookville terranes of New Brunswick and in the Islesboro Terrane of Maine. These Precambrian terranes are interpreted to represent dextrally displaced basement remnants of the Gondwanan continental margin of Iapetus, consistent with the model of a two-sided Appalachian system proposed by Hank Williams in 1964 based on his work in Newfoundland.SOMMAIREDes données stratigraphiques et géochronologiques U–Pb obtenues récemment indiquent que les roches prétriasiques du terrane de Grand Manan du côté est de l’île Grand Manan peuvent être répartis en: 1) séquences sédimentaires quartzeuses et carbonatées du Néoprotérozoïque moyen (Cryogénien tardif) (formations de Thoroughfare et de Kent Island); 2) séquence d’arc volcanique du Néoprotérozoïque tardif (Édiacarien précoce) (formation d’Ingalls Head); 3) séquences sédimentaires et d’arc volcanique du Néoprotérozoïque tardif (milieu de l’Édiacarien) au tout début du Cambrien (Terreneuvien précoce) (formations de Great Duck Island, Flagg Cove, Ross Island, North Head, Priest Cove et Long Pond Bay). Une comparaison avec des terranes du Précambrien dans la partie continentale du Nouveau-Brunswick (terranes de Brookville et New River) et dans le Maine adjacent (terrane d’Islesboro) semble indiquer que les séquences sédimentaires et volcaniques du terrane de Grand Manan se sont déposées sur la marge continentale d’un bassin océanique précambrien qui s’est ouvert durant la fracturation de la Rodinia au Néoprotérozoïque moyen (Cryogénien) et s’est fermé au Cambrien précoce (Terreneuvien) avec l’assemblage final du Gondwana. La distension continentale associée à l’ouverture initiale de l’océan Iapetus au Paléozoïque a commencé au Néoprotérozoïque tardif (Édiacarien tardif) et a donc partiellement coïncidé avec la fermeture de l’océan précambrien du Gondwana. La marge sud-est de l’océan Iapetus est définie par d’épaisses séquences de sédiments cambriens riches en quartz (dans les terranes de St. Croix et de Miramichi du Nouveau-Brunswick) issus en grande partie du recyclage de roches sédimentaires de la marge continentale passive du Précambrien préservées dans les terranes de Grand Manan et de Brookville au Nouveau-Brunswick et dans le terrane d’Islesboro dans le Maine. Ces terranes précambriens sont interprétés comme la représentation de vestiges, ayant subi un déplacement dextre, du socle de la marge continentale gondwanienne de l’océan Iapetus, ce qui concorde avec le modèle d’un système appalachien à deux côtés proposé par Hank Williams en 1964 sur la base de ses travaux à Terre-Neuve.
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Daigneault, Robert-André, and Gilbert Prichonnet. "Séquences varvaires du Lac Barlow et Moraine de Laverlochère : déglaciation tardive de la partie nord du lac Témiscamingue, Québec." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 42, no. 2 (2007): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032718ar.
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RésuméLa déglaciation du secteur nord du lac Témiscamingue est précisée par une étude sédimentologique. Deux séquences varvaires, situées à PE du lac et distantes de 10 km sont corrélées grâce aux variations de l'épaisseur des lits d'été et de la teneur en carbonate du dépôt qui est commandée par la quantité de silt : 5,5 fois plus de silt et 3,7 fois plus de carbonate dans les lits d'été que dans les lits d'hiver. Néanmoins, la fraction carbonatée augmente dans le temps sans variation significative du pourcentage de silt. La présence tardive d'un lobe glaciaire centré sur le lambeau de roches paléozoïques du fossé tectonique du Témiscamingue s'harmoniserait donc avec la disposition spatiale des deux séquences varvaires et expliquerait l'augmentation de la teneur en carbonate. La corrélation probable de ces séquences varvaires avec celles des séries Temiscaming B4 et C4 d'Antevs confirmerait la présence tardive de glace dans le secteur. La dispersion des galets de roches paléozoïques dans les segments de la Moraine de Laverlochère permet, par ailleurs, de démontrer un faible transport glaciaire vers PE (secteur N) et vers le SE (secteur SE), confirmé par la bimodalité des teneurs en carbonate dans les fractions plus fines des accumulations granulaires. Cependant, dans les accumulations situées à PE, on note une dispersion des paléocourants, la présence exclusive de galets précambriens et un faible pourcentage de débris carbonates dans les fractions fines. Les segments orientaux et subméridiens de la Moraine de Laverlochère s'apparentent donc tout autant aux trains d'eskers régionaux qu'à une limite d'arc morainique. Irrégularité de la marge glaciaire et ralentissement du retrait sont deux phénomènes caractéristiques du recul de l'inlandsis dans la région, à l'Holocène inférieur.
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Castro, Dayse Daltro de, and Paula Lucia Ferrucio da Rocha. "QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF PORE TYPES IN CARBONATE ROCKS." Revista Brasileira de Geofísica 31, no. 1 (2013): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v31i1.251.
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Carbonate rocks are controlled by variable depositional systems and diagenetic process and have a wide variety of pore and grain shapes/sizes. Those characteristics imprint different petrophysical properties in carbonates, which are more difficult to predict than in siliciclastic rocks. Measurements on carbonates reveal that pore/rock type parameters are function of total porosity and play an important role in the relationship between porosity and P-wave velocity. In this research, thedatabase consists of carbonate rock samples with a wide range of bulk porosities, pore types and rock textures, from different Brazilian areas in Southeast Continental Margin. We investigated the hypothesis that scatter values observed in velocity at a given porosity can be explained by pore types and pore shape characteristics. The quantification of pore shape/size distribution in each sample was based on four geometrical parameters from thin sections measurements – pore size, aspect-ratio,tortuosity and pore complexity. By multivariate analysis, those parameters were applied in the correlation between porosity and P-wave velocities in order to reducescatter values normally observed. RESUMO: As rochas carbonáticas são compostas por calcários e dolomitos de diversos tipos. Além da deposição, os processos de cimentação, dissolução e recristalização transformam essas rochas, produzindo uma grande variedade de tamanhos de grãos, formas e estruturas de poros, criando ou reduzindo porosidade e permeabilidade. Estas características dos carbonatos imprimem grande peculiaridade às propriedades físicas tornando-as mais difíceis de predizer do que em rochas siliciclásticas. As formas dos poros também afetam as propriedades físicas das rochas carbonáticas, produzindo um efeito específico nas propriedades acústicas devido às relações geométricas com a fase sólida das rochas. Por tudo que foi exposto, a compreensão do sistema de poros leva ao melhor entendimento e quantificação das propriedades petrofísicas das rochas carbonáticas. Nesta pesquisa foram utilizadas rochas carbonáticas com diferentes texturas, porosidades e tipos de poros de diferentes áreas da Margem Continental Sudeste Brasileira e o principal objetivo foi melhorar a correlação entre a porosidade e a velocidade das ondas P obtidas de plugues de rochas secas e úmidas. Para tal, foi realizada a avaliação e a quantificação do sistema poroso utilizando a análise multivariada de parâmetros geométricos (tamanho, forma, tortuosidade e complexidade do poro) obtidos de fotografias digitais de lâminas delgadas, para auxiliar na redução da dispersão normalmente observada nas relações entre velocidade e porosidade.Palavras-chave: propriedades petrofísicas, lâminas delgadas; porosidade; velocidade das ondas P
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Roches carbonatées"
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Golfier, Fabrice. "Dissolution des roches carbonatées par injection d'acide." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634112.
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Les traitements d'acidification sont généralement utilisés pour stimuler l'injection et/ou la productivité des puits dans les formations de carbonates. Cependant, de nombreux traitements ne produisent pas les résultats attendus en terme de gain de productivité à cause de la mauvaise modélisation autour du puits des mécanismes physiques intervenant durant le processus d'injection acide. La nature instable du phénomène de dissolution en milieu poreux entraîne la formation de canaux fortement conductifs appelés wormholes, qui sont difficiles à modéliser quantitativement. Un modèle de dissolution à l'échelle de Darcy est proposé comprenant une équation de Darcy-Brinkman pour la partie écoulement couplée avec un modèle de dissolution en non-équilibre local. Un simulateur numérique 3D a été développé pour résoudre ce système d'équations en utilisant une méthode de pas fractionnaire et des schémas TVD. Les résultats sont présentés sur des configurations 2D et 3D aussi bien pour des systèmes homogènes qu'hétérogènes. Les résultats numériques sont discutés d'un point de vue qualitatif et quantitatif par rapport à la littérature et comparés aux résultats expérimentaux. Les expériences ont été réalisées sur un massif de sel quasi 2D dans lequel on a injecté une solution d'eau salée sous-saturée. Les instabilités de dissolution, le développement des canaux et la propagation des wormholes ont été enregistrés à l'aide d'une caméra vidéo. En se basant sur les résultats 2D, la possibilité d'une description du phénomène à l'échelle de la section, c'est-à-dire en effectuant des moyennes sur des sections du domaine, a été explorée. Plusieurs approches sont utilisées, tels que les modèles à une équation, où le milieu considéré incorpore la physique du wormhole et la matrice poreuse environnante, et les modèles à deux équations pour lesquels les wormholes sont traités séparément. Les implications théoriques sont discutées en se basant sur les résultats numériques.
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Aïssaoui, Djafar M. "Diagenèse carbonatée en domaine récifal." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112358.
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Léger, Marie. "Formation des réseaux karstiques : Rôle des hétérogénéités structurales, hydrodynamiques et minérales." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG012.
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Les roches carbonatées constituent une part très importante des roches présentes à la surface de la Terre. Les réservoirs qui y sont associés représentent des ressources indispensables aux sociétés humaines, quelles soient directes (eau, gaz, hydrocarbures) ou indirectes (géothermie, stockage du CO2).La forte réactivité des roches carbonatées est responsable de la karstification, processus de réaction dû au déséquilibre thermodynamique entre la roche et l'eau qui circule dans le réservoir. Il en découle la formation d'aquifères karstiques, caractérisés par de fortes hétérogénéités structurales accompagnées d'un comportement hydrologique complexe. Ceci en fait un système vulnérable, mais aussi très productif.Afin de mieux gérer ces réservoirs et la ressource en eau qu'ils contiennent, une meilleure compréhension de la formation et de la localisation des conduits karstiques est nécessaire.Pour cela, des expériences en laboratoire peuvent être réalisées afin de reproduire le phénomène de karstification à petite échelle. Des échantillons de roche provenant de trois types de roches carbonatées sont extraits de blocs de roche homogènes dans le but d'être dissous. Les roches étudiées sont une craie, un calcaire crinoïdal et une dolomie, et les échantillons représentent des VER.Avant les expériences, les échantillons sont caractérisés par des méthodes de laboratoire et d'imagerie, pour connaître leurs propriétés structurales, élastiques, mécaniques, minérales et hydrodynamiques.Ils sont ensuite soumis à une injection de fluide acide dans un dispositif expérimental développé au cours de la thèse. Pour les échantillons de craie, deux fluides avec des concentrations en acide différentes sont utilisés, contrairement au calcaire crinoïdal et à la dolomie, où un seul acide est utilisé. Différents débits, associés à différentes conditions de Péclet, sont appliqués aux échantillons. Pendant les dissolutions, les données hydrodynamiques et hydrochimiques sont enregistrées en continu.Après les expériences, les mêmes mesures qu'avant les expériences sont réalisées.La caractérisation des échantillons a permis de montrer que la microstructure contrôle les propriétés d'une roche, et que les relations établies entre les propriétés pétrophysiques à l'échelle de l'échantillon se retrouvent à grande échelle.Pour toutes les roches, l'injection de fluide acide dans les échantillons est à l'origine d'une dissolution de la roche, induisant la formation de conduits préférentiels, associée à une augmentation de la perméabilité et de la porosité. De plus, les régimes de dissolution observés sont directement corrélés à la concentration de l'acide injecté et à son débit, mais aussi aux propriétés structurales initiales de la roche.Pour les expériences menées sur la craie, qui est une roche très hétérogène de par sa forte proportion de micropores, les hétérogénéités sont responsables des figures de dissolution obtenues, notamment de la formation de chenaux quand les conditions expérimentales suggèrent une dissolution uniforme.Pour ce qui est des expériences impliquant les trois types de roches, la roche contenant de la dolomite présente un taux de dissolution plus faible que les roches n'en contenant pas, ce qui est dû à la cinétique de réaction plus faible de la dolomite comparée à la calcite. Avec son importante microporosité, la craie est la roche qui présente le plus haut taux de dissolution. De plus, les conduits créés dans la dolomie sont nettement plus localisés et linéaires que les conduits dans les autres roches. Pour une même quantité d'acide injectée, la minéralogie de la roche, associée à sa structure, est donc principalement responsable des figures de dissolution dans une roche<br>Carbonate rocks constitute a very important part of the rocks at the Earth surface. Associated reservoirs represent essential resources for human societies, whether direct (water, gas, hydrocarbons) or indirect (geothermal energy, storage of CO2).The high reactivity of carbonate rocks is responsible for karstification, a reaction process due to the thermodynamic imbalance between the rock and the water circulating in the reservoir. This results in the formation of karstic aquifers, characterized by strong structural heterogeneities going with a complex hydrological behavior. This makes it a vulnerable system, but also a very productive one.In order to better manage these reservoirs and the water resource they contain, a better understanding of the formation and location of karst conduits is necessary.For this purpose, laboratory experiments can be performed to reproduce the karstification phenomenon at small scale. Rock samples from three types of carbonate rocks are extracted from homogeneous rock blocks in order to be dissolved. The rocks studied are a chalk, a crinoidal limestone and a dolomite, and the samples are considered to be REV.Before the experiments, the samples are characterized by laboratory and imaging methods, in order to know their structural, elastic, mechanical, mineral and hydrodynamic properties.They are then submitted to an injection of acidic fluid in an experimental device developed during the thesis. For chalk samples, two fluids with different acid concentrations are used, unlike crinoidal limestone and dolomite, where only one acid is used. Different flow rates, associated with different Péclet conditions, are applied to the samples. During the dissolutions, hydrodynamic and hydrochemical data are recorded continuously.After the experiments, the same measurements as before the experiments are performed.The characterization of the samples has shown that the microstructure controls the rock properties, and that the relationships established between the petrophysical properties at the sample scale are found at large scale reservoirs.For all rocks, the injection of acidic fluid into the samples causes rock dissolution, leading to the formation of preferential conduits, associated with an increase in permeability and porosity. Moreover, the observed dissolution regimes are directly correlated to the concentration of the injected acid and its flow rate, but also to the initial structural properties of the rock.For the experiments conducted on chalk, which is a very heterogeneous rock due to its high proportion of micropores, heterogeneities are responsible for the dissolution patterns observed, in particular the formation of channels while the experimental conditions suggest an uniform dissolution.For experiments involving all three rock types, the dolomite-containing rock shows a lower dissolution rate than the rocks without dolomite, which is due to the lower reaction kinetics of dolomite compared to calcite. With its high microporosity, chalk is the rock with the highest dissolution rate. Moreover, the conduits created in dolomite are much more localized and linear than the conduits in the other rocks. For the same amount of acid injected, the mineralogy of the rock, associated with its structure, is therefore mainly responsible for the dissolution figures in the rock
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Eyssautier-Chuine, Stéphanie. "Influence du faciès sur la fracturation dans les roches carbonatées." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30022.
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Gordo, Bachir. "Caractérisation de la résistance à la propagation des fissures pour deux roches calcaires : influence de la pression de confinement." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10143.
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Des essais de propagation de fissures en mode d'ouverture ont été menés sur une micrite et un marbre. Selon la théorie de Griffith, l'énergie d'initiation gamma i d'une fissure et l'énergie totale gamma f dépensée dans le processus de propagation sont étudiées. Des essais de flexion 3 points asservis ont été effectués en laboratoire ainsi que des essais triaxiaux comparatifs calculés à partir d'un modèle avec fissure inclinée frottante.
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Gindre, Laurent. "Sédimentologie, stratigraphie séquentielle et paléogéographie des séries carbonatées du Cénomanien à l'échelle de la Téthys occidentale : comparaison entre le golfe arabo-persique et la Provence." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10109.
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Les formations cénomaniennes Mauddud, Ahmadi, Mishrif et leurs équivalents latéraux Sarvak, Shilaif-Khatiyah et Natih constituent d'excellents réservoirs carbonatés au Moyen Orient. 151 puits et 3 profils sismiques ont été corrélés à l'échelle du Golfe Arabo-persique. Des analyses sédimentologiques et biostratigraphiques ont été réalisées sur 4 puits carottés. La démarche utilisée pour construire le schéma stratigraphique et séquentiel à l'échelle régionale s'appuie sur une analyse de forme des signaux diagraphiques GR et Sonic et permet de traduire la séquence de faciès carbonatés en électrofaciès et en électroséquences à tous les cycles. Les séquences de dépôt sont ponctuées par une surface de régression forcée. Une étude du Cénomanien dans un bassin synchrone présente un schéma séquentiel similaire à celui défini au Moyen Orient. Le Cénomanien s'organisent en quatre séquences de dépôts incomplètes de 3ème ordre, d'origine eustatique, à l'échelle de la Téthys occidentale<br>The Mauddud, Ahmadi, Mishrif cenomanian formations and their lateral equivalent Sarvak, Shilaif-Khatiyah and Natih formations are great carbonates reservoirs in the Middle East. 151 wells and 3 sismic profils are correlated et the gulf scale. Sedimentological and biostatigraphical studies have been realized on 4 cored wells. The process used in order to build the stratigraphic and sequential model at the regional scale is based upon an analysis of diagraphic GR and Sonic signals shape, and allows to convert carbonate facies in electrofacies and electrosequences for each types cycle. Depositionnal sequences are ponctuated by a forced regression surface. A study of the Cenomanian in a synchronous basin shows a similar sequential model to the Midle East. The Cenomanian is organised in four incomplete sequences of the third order, with an eustatic origin, at the scale of the western Tethys
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Perez, Fernandez Andrea. "Etude expérimentale sur l'échange isotopique dans le système eau-roches carbonatées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30398.
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Les signatures isotopiques des minéraux carbonatés sont utilisées pour caractériser de nombreux processus géochimiques. Cette thèse a pour but de déterminer les vitesses auxquelles ces signatures isotopiques peuvent être altérées lors des interactions entre les fluides et les minéraux. A cette fin, une série d'études expérimentales a été conduite avec la dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), la magnésite (MgCO3) et la calcite (CaCO3). On a mesuré l'évolution temporelle des compositions isotopiques de Ca et Mg pendant une série d'expériences de dissolution en réacteur fermé de la dolomite à des températures de 50°C à 126°C. A T < 120°C la composition isotopique du calcium dans la phase fluide est identique à celle de la dolomite initiale, mais au-delà de cette température, la signature isotopique du calcium dans le fluide (delta(44/42)Ca fluid) après 4 semaines était 0.6±0.1‰ plus lourde que l'originale. En revanche, le rapport delta(26/24)Mg du fluide reste égal à celui de la dolomite à toutes les températures étudiées. Ces résultats indiquent un double transfert de calcium vers et depuis la structure de la dolomite à T > 120°C. En outre, ces résultats suggèrent que la difficulté de la dolomite à précipiter à température ambiante doit être la conséquence de l'incapacité de Mg à s'incorporer dans la structure du minéral. Dans une autre étude on a conduit des expériences de dissolution de la magnésite à 25°C en solution aqueuses pour différents pH et pression de CO2. On a trouvé que la composition isotopique du fluide à proximité de l'équilibre chimique était différente de celle du solide, ce qui reflète un double transfert de Mg en direction et hors du minéral à température ambiante. Cependant, un seul mécanisme de fractionnement ne peut expliquer le comportement isotopique de Mg observé. La dernière partie de ce travail, consacrée au fractionnement isotopique du carbone dans le système calcite-eau, montre une évolution du fractionnement isotopique de cet élément vers le fractionnement isotopique à l'équilibre d'une durée d'une année après l'atteinte de l'équilibre chimique entre la calcite et l'eau. Les vitesses de rééquilibrage des isotopes de carbone sont ainsi quatre ordres de grandeurs plus lentes que la vitesse d'équilibrage de la calcite avec la solution. Ceci suggère que l'étape limitante dans le processus de rééquilibrage des isotopes du carbone est le transport de cet élément dans le cristal après l'échange isotopique à la surface de ce dernier. Les résultats de cette thèse indiquent que la signature isotopique de Mg, Ca et C des carbonates n'est pas invariante à l'échelle des temps géologiques et qu'elle peut être altérée durant l'interaction de ces minéraux avec l'eau. Ainsi, la préservation des signatures isotopiques des carbonates requiert d'une faible perméabilité des roches ou bien quelque mécanisme inhibant les échanges des métaux et du carbone à la surface des cristaux<br>The isotopic signatures of carbonate minerals have been applied to illuminate a plethora of natural geochemical processes. This thesis is aimed to assess the rates and or conditions at which such isotope signatures might be altered by fluid-mineral interaction through a series of systematic experimental studies performed with dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) magnesite (MgCO3) and calcite (Ca-CO3). Ca and Mg isotopic compositions were measured as a function of time during closed-system stoichiometric dolomite dissolution experiments at 50 to 126°C. Although identical to that of the original dolomite at low temperatures, at temperatures >120 °C, the calcium isotopic signature of fluid phase (delta(44/42)Ca fluid) became 0.6±0.1‰ higher than that of the dissolving dolomite over a 4-week period. In contrast, the delta(26/24)Mg fluid, remained equal to that of the dolo-mite both at low and high temperatures. This set of experiments evidences the two-way transfer of calcium in and out of the dolomite structure at elevated temperatures. The results suggest that the inhability of dolomite to precipitate at these conditions is due to the difficulty of Mg to be reincorporated in the dolomite structure. In a follow-up study, magnesite was dissolved at 25°C in the presence of fluids with distinct pH and CO2 pressures. The isotopic compositions of the fluid differed from that of the solid at near-to chemical equilibrium indicating the two-way transfer of magnesium into this mineral at ambient temperatures. A single fractionation mechanism cannot explain the distinct Mg isotope behaviors observed. Further work on carbon isotope exchanges in the calcite water system shows a slow by steady evolution of the carbon isotopic composition towards the accepted equilibrium fractionation factor over the course of nearly year-long experiments after the system had attained bulk chemical equilibrium. Carbon isotope reequilibration rates were found to be approximately four orders of magnitude slower than that of bulk calcite dissolution, suggesting that the rate limiting step to the carbon isotope reequilibration process is the transport of carbon into and out of the bulk mineral after it has exchanged on the surface. The results of this thesis suggest that the Mg, Ca and C isotopic signatures in carbonate minerals are not invariant over geological time-frames and can be readily altered by water-mineral interaction. Such results indicate that the preservation of carbonate mineral signatures require low permeability rock formations or some inhibitory mechanism limiting metal and carbon exchange
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Regnet, Jean Baptiste. "Propriétés physiques et comportement mécanique des roches carbonatées microporeuses : Approche intégrée expérimentale et microstructurale." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0718/document.
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Les carbonates microporeux sont caractérisés par une importante hétérogénéité de faciès (texture, composition) qui se traduit généralement par une très grande variation des (1) propriétés physiques (porosité, perméabilité, vitesses acoustiques), et (2) du comportement mécanique. Ces hétérogénéités rendent souvent difficile les prédictions en termes de stockage géologique, de qualité de porosité ou perméabilité des réservoirs d'eau souterraine ou d'hydrocarbures lors de l'exploration ou production. Cette étude intégrée apporte de nouveaux éléments de réflexion quant aux facteurs de contrôles microstructuraux sur les propriétés physiques et mécaniques des roches carbonatées microporeuses.(1) Une centaine d'échantillons de carbonates a été prélevée tous les 2m environ le long du forage EST205 au niveau de la plate-forme oxfordienne de Meuse/Haute-Marne. Un objectif appliqué de ce travail, vise à mieux contraindre les variations verticales des propriétés pétrophysiques et pétrographiques qui régissent en grande partie les circulations aquifères actuelles dans cette formation. D'un point de vue fondamental, un résultat majeur est la mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de rock-typing pour les réservoirs microporeux, et l'établissement d'un lien entre matrice micritique et les propriétés physiques. Les propriétés de transport (perméabilité, conductivité électrique) sont grandement influencées par la réduction ou l'augmentation progressive de la microporosité intercristalline selon le type de matrice micritique considéré. L'augmentation des vitesses d'ondes acoustiques peut être vue comme le reflet d'une cimentation progressive des particules de micrites, qui rend l'ensemble de la matrice plus rigide et cohérente. La dispersion des valeurs de vitesses est expliquée grâce à la théorie de la poroélasticité. Les calculs réalisés avec les équations de Biot-Gassmann [Biot, 1956 ; Gassmann, 1951] mettent en évidence une population de microcracks (crack porosity), qui affecte les vitesses de propagation des ondes. Enfin, une origine possible des niveaux poreux oxfordiens est une dissolution précoce des particules de micrites via la circulation d'eau météorique sous saturée par rapport à la calcite, lors de courtes phases d'émersion de la plate-forme.(2) La vitesse de propagation des ondes P dans la formation de l'Oolithe Blanche (Grainstone Oolithique, Jurassique Moyen, Basin de Paris) est très largement contrôlée par la structure de l'espace poreux (porosité annulaire ou uniforme dans les grains ; Type A) et par la présence ou l'absence d'un ciment isopaque autour des grains (Type B) (Makhloufi et al., 2013 ; Casteleyn et al., 2010, 2011). Plusieurs essais de déformation triaxiale ont été réalisées sur des échantillons de Type A et B afin d'investiguer le rôle de telles microstructures sur la réponse mécanique des roches carbonatées poreuses. Cette étude est essentielle à la compréhension générale de l'Oolithe Blanche, qui présente un fort potentiel géothermique et représente une cible potentielle pour la séquestration de CO2.Les échantillons comparés présentent des textures et faciès équivalent (porportion de ciment de blocage, granulométrie), ainsi que des propriétés pétrophysiques très similaire (porosité, perméabilité) ; afin que le paramètre microstructural soit le seul à varier.Deux comportements distincts sont mis en évidence :Type A: les échantillons avec une microporosité uniforme dans les grains ont un comportement ductile, tandis que les échantillons à porosité annulaire sont caractéristiques du domaine fragile.Type B: les échantillons avec des ciments isopaques autour des grains ont un comportement fragile. En revanche, les échantillons dépourvu de tels ciments présentent un comportement mécanique relevant plus du domaine ductile.Ces résultats montrent que les structures de porosité et les ciments jouent un rôle important sur la réponse mécanique des roches carbonatées microporeuses<br>This integrated study provides significant insight into parameters controlling (1) the acoustic and reservoir properties of microporous limestone and (2) the mechanical behavior of such rocks. This work improves the knowledge of the relationships among rock physic and rock mechanic on one hand, and the microstructural content on the other hand.(1) Petrophysical properties measured from laboratory and logging tools (porosity, permeability, electrical conductivity and acoustic properties) have been coupled with thin section and SEM observations on the EST205 borehole from the Oxfordian limestone aquifer of the Eastern part of the Paris Basin. A major achievement is the establishment of the link between micrite microtexture types (particle morphology and nature of inter-crystal contacts) and the physical response. Fluid-flow properties are enhanced by the progressive augmentation of intercrystalline microporosity and associated pore throat diameter, as the coalescence of micrite particle decreases between relatively coarser tight morphologies and microporous morphologies. The slow increase of P-wave velocity can be seen as a reflection of crystal size and growing contact cementation leading to a more cohesive and stiffer micrite microtexture. By applying poroelasticity theory on our samples, we show that velocity dispersion can be a very useful tool for data discrimination in carbonates. Finally, a possible origin of high porous levels in neritic limestones is a mineralogical dissolution of carbonates through freshwater-related diagenesis during subaerial exposure time.(2) Regarding rock mechanic, conventional triaxial experiments were performed on samples from the Oolithe Blanche formation (Middle Jurassic Limestone, Paris basin) to investigate the effect of different microstructural parameter on the mechanical behavior of microporous carbonate rocks. Type A samples display two different microporosity distributions within the grains (uniform versus rimmed microporosity) and type B samples are based on the presence/absence of an isopachous cement around the ooids. This work is of primary importance since the Oolithe Blanche formation, a deep saline aquifer, is a possible target for CO2 sequestration and geothermal production in the center of the Paris Basin. Experiments were performed under saturated state with respectively two sets of experimental conditions: (1) a 5 MPa pore pressure and a 28 MPa confining pressure with a temperature of 55°C for Type A carbonates to mimic in-situ conditions in the Center of the Paris Basin; and (2) a 0.5 MPa pore pressure and a 1.5 MPa confining pressure for Type B samples. Sample types have similar facies and composition (oolithic microporous grainstone with a 500µm average grain size), and porosity ranges from 17% to 20%. Permeability values are also very similar and range from 10-2 mD to 10-1 mD.(1) Type A samples with a rimmed porosity display a typical behavior of the brittle failure regime with stress-strain curves reaching a peak (138 MPa) beyond which strain softening was recorded, and strain localization on a shear fracture. (2) Type A samples with a uniform porosity display a ductile behavior with no localization of the deformation.(2) Type B samples with isopachous cement show a brittle behavior with stress drop (16 MPa to 18 MPa) and localization on a shear fracture. When isopachous cements are absent, a more ductile type of behavior is observed. Our set of data suggests that those two microstructural parameters have a significant control on the mechanical behavior of carbonate rocks
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Gamouh, Ahmed. "Effets comparés et interactifs des pesticides et des facteurs physiques sur la minéralisation de divers substrats carbonés dans le sol." Perpignan, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PERP0314.
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Les objectifs de cette etude etaient (1) de permettre une meilleure interpretation des tests ecotoxicologiques bases sur la mesure de la mineralisation de substrats organiques marques au carbone 14 (glucose, acide benzoique, 2,4-d) par la microflore du sol, (2) de comparer les effets de pesticides (dnoc, aldicarbe) a ceux de facteurs physiques (congelation, sechage, chauffage), (3) d'estimer les effets combines des deux types de facteurs. L'etude a ete conduite selon un dispositif experimental simplifie. Dans un premier temps, les traitements physiques etaient appliques sur des echantillons de 2g de sol. Les substrats et les pesticides etaient ensuite introduits en solutions aqueuses. Les echantillons etaient incubes a 20c et la radioactivite degagee etait determinee apres 3h, 24h, 8j et 64j. Nos resultats ont confirme que le rapport entre les quantites de carbone mineralise et celles incorporees dans la biomasse microbienne augmente avec la concentration en substrat. En presence d'une forte biomasse et de concentrations faibles en substrat, les facteurs physique aussi bien que les pesticides peuvent provoquer une forte augmentation des proportions de carbone mineralise. En revanche, une faible biomasse et/ou de fortes concentrations en substrat ont pour consequence une diminution du niveau de co#2 degage. D'une facon generale, l'importance des effets augmente dans l'ordre : congelation, aldicarbe, sechage, chauffage a 50c et dnoc. Les effets des interactions entre facteurs physiques et chimiques sont generalement plus importants que chacun des effets individuels. D'une facon generale, l'importance des effets augmente dans l'ordre congelation, aldicarbe, sechage, chauffage a 50c et dnoc. Il existe de grandes similitudes entre les effets des traitements physiques et ceux des pesticides, ce qui pourrait permettre d'utiliser les premiers comme critere d'evaluation de l'impact ecologique des seconds. Le plus souvent l'interaction des deux types de facteurs produit un effet resultant plus important que celui de chaque effet individuel. Dans quelques cas on observe un effet synergique entre des facteurs physiques moderes (exemple la congelation) et les pesticides.
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Shen, Chengyi. "Études expérimentales et numériques de la propagation d'ondes sismiques dans les roches carbonatées en laboratoire." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3012.
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Par la présente étude nous expliquons et illustrons nos travaux sur la propagation d'ondes sismiques en roche carbonatée avec des approches expérimentale et numérique à l'échelle des carottes géologiques au laboratoire. Notre objectif principal consiste à produire des données sismiques qui sont comparables aux données du terrain dans l'optique de transférer au laboratoire les connaissances et techniques acquises et développées pour la sismique de terrain. En retour, les données acquises dans des conditions bien contrôlées à l'échelle du laboratoire peuvent contribuer aux benchmarking tests sur les approches d'imagerie les plus récentes ainsi que les procédures de traitement des données. Sonder les roches naturelles par les ondes ultrasonores est plutôt commun dans de nombreux domaines tels la diagraphie acoustique, le génie civil et la science des matériaux. En termes de sources sismiques, les transducteurs piézoélectriques (PZT) couramment utilisés, ainsi qu'un pulse laser utilisé spécialement dans le cadre de nos mesures, sont appliqués aux configurations expérimentales. En termes de récepteurs, un vibromètre laser monopoint (LDV) est employé dans la plupart des expérimentations. En outre, un vibromètre 3D fut utilisé pour des mesures multi-composantes. L'originalité de ces travaux se trouve dans la caractérisation intégrale de la source laser dans un contexte géophysique et son application sur les carottes carbonatées comme une source sismique Haute Fréquence (HF, Mégahertz), ce qui nous permet de proposer des configurations originales et efficaces pour sonder les carottes carbonatées, aussi bien en expérimentation qu'en simulation. Nous avons construit et validé un prototype comprenant une configuration source-récepteur de type PZT-LDV ou Laser-pulse-LDV. Quant à la simulation numérique, nous avons adapté un code Fortran, initialement dédié au développement à l'échelle du terrain, aux productions numériques à hautes fréquences (HF) à l'échelle du laboratoire. Nous détaillerons les résultats des calibrations sur les outils expérimentaux et numériques ainsi qu'une analyse de la polarisation sur des mesures multi-composantes, les résultats de la caractérisation de la source pulse-laser et ceux de la tomographie en se basant sur les temps des premières arrivées (FAT). Les inversions se font avec un méthode multi-grilles. Parallèlement, des simulations par éléments finis en 2D/3D (code parallélisé) ont été effectuées avec la méthode Galerkin discontinu avec pénalité intérieure. Nous démontrerons également la possibilité d'analyser l'anisotropie sismique d'une carotte à partir du FAT. La dernière génération de méthode d'imagerie sismique fait intervenir à la fois les données observées et les données synthétiques, comme dans la méthode prometteuse de l'inversion de formes d'ondes complètes (FWI), cette méthode pouvant repousser davantage les limites de la résolution de la tomographie classique<br>The present study is an experimental and numerical work on the propagation of seismic waves in carbonate rocks at the laboratory-scale. We aim at producing seismic data that are comparable with field data so as to transfer the knowledge and techniques acquired and developed in field into the laboratory. In return, well-controlled laboratory-scale data can contribute to benchmarking tests on the latest imaging approaches as well as data processing procedures. Ultrasonic probes on natural rocks are fairly common in numerous engineering fields such as geophysical logging, civil engineering and materials science. In terms of ultrasonic sources, both the conventional piezoelectric transducer (PZT) and the laser-ablation pulse are used as a seismic source in our experimental configurations. In terms of receivers, a single-point Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) is employed in most of the experimental setups. Additionally, a 3D wavefield-scan LDV has been used to perform multi-component measurements. The originality of this work consists in the comprehensive characterization of the laser source in a geophysical context and its use as a point-like megahertz source on the carbonate cores, which enabled us to propose original and efficient core-probing configurations for both experimentation and simulations. We developed and validated an experimental prototype featuring PZT-LDV or Laser-pulse-LDV as source-receiver configurations for high-resolution measurements. As to the numerical simulation, we adapted a Fortran code, initially dedicated to method developments at the field-scale, to the numerical production at the high-frequency (HF) laboratory-scale. We will show the results of calibrations on both the experimental and numerical tools including the polarization analysis on multi-component data, the results of the laser pulsed source characterization and the main tomography results from the First Arrival Travel-time (FAT) Tomography (FATT) featuring multi-grids, along with the parallelized 2D/3D simulations featuring the Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin method (IPDGm). A brief demonstration of anisotropy analyses from FAT will also be given at the end. The latest generation of imaging method involves both the observed and synthetic data, such as the promising Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) that can push further the resolution limits of the classical tomography, which is the key motivation of our studies involving both the experiment and simulation
Books on the topic "Roches carbonatées"
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1929-, Hsü Kenneth J., ed. Manual of carbonate sedimentology: A lexicographical approach. Academic Press, 1986.
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Union, American Geophysical, and International Geological Congress (28th : 1989 : Washington, D.C.), eds. Sedimentation and stratigraphy of carbonate rock sequences. American Geophysical Union, 1989.
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F, Camoin G., Dullo W. Chr, and International Symposium on Paleoceanology of Reefs and Carbonate Platforms (1999 : Aix-en-Provence, France), eds. Paleoceanology of reefs and carbonate platforms: Miocene [to] modern ... : Aix-en-Provence, 27-30 September, 99. Association des sédimentologistes français, 1999.
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E, Tucker Maurice, and Bathurst Robin G. C, eds. Carbonate diagenesis. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990.
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S, Sagyndykov K., Turdukeev I. D та Institut geologii im. M.M. Adysheva., ред. Litologii͡a︡ i rudonosnostʹ uglerodistykh format͡s︡ii verkhnego dokembrii͡a︡-nizhnego paleozoi͡a︡ Ti͡a︡nʹ-Shani͡a︡. Ilim, 1991.
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1934-, Mackenzie Fred T., ed. Geochemistry of sedimentary carbonates. Elsevier, 1990.
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London, Geological Society of, ed. Advances in carbonate exploration and reservoir analysis. Published by the Geological Society, 2012.
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Nahum, Schneidermann, Harris Paul M. 1949-, and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists., eds. Carbonate cements: Based on a symposium sponsored by the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. The Society, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Roches carbonatées"
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Flügel, Erik. "Carbonate Depositional Environments." In Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08726-8_2.
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Flügel, Erik. "Carbonate Depositional Environments." In Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03796-2_2.
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Flügel, Erik. "New Perspectives in Microfacies." In Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08726-8_1.
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Flügel, Erik. "Fossils in Thin Section: It is Not That Difficult." In Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08726-8_10.
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Flügel, Erik. "Summarizing Microfacies Criteria: Microfacies Types." In Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08726-8_11.
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Flügel, Erik. "Recognizing Paleoenvironmental Conditions." In Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08726-8_12.
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Flügel, Erik. "Integrated Facies Analysis." In Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08726-8_13.
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Flügel, Erik. "Depositional Models, Facies Zones and Standard Microfacies." In Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08726-8_14.
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Flügel, Erik. "Basin Analysis: Recognizing Depositional Settings." In Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08726-8_15.
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Flügel, Erik. "Realizing Depositional Constraints and Processes." In Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08726-8_16.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Roches carbonatées"
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Azuara Diliegros, Brenda, and Roberto Aguilera. "A New Method for Determination of Rock Fabric Number from Well Logs in Unconventional Tight Oil Carbonates." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208893-ms.
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Abstract This paper develops a new method for estimation of rock fabric number (RFN) from well logs in unconventional tight oil carbonates with less than 0.1 md. The objective is to investigate the oil potential of a Middle Cretaceous tight carbonate in Mexico. Development of a method for these conditions is challenging as the current approach developed by Lucia (1983) has been explained for carbonates with more than 0.1md. The method is calibrated with data from cores and cuttings and allows estimating the presence of grainstone, packstone and wackstone rocks in unconventional tight carbonates from well logs. A crossplot of RFN vs rp35 (pore throat radius at 35% cumulative pore volume) permits delimiting intervals with good production potential that is supported by well testing data. Information for analysis of the Mexican carbonate comes from well logs of 9 wells and 2 re-entry wells, four buildup tests and a limited amount of core and drill cuttings information. All data were provided by a petroleum company and have been used, for transparency, without any modifications. An unconventional tight carbonate as defined in this paper has a permeability smaller than 0.1 md. The unconventional tight oil carbonate reservoir considered in this study includes 95 percent of data with permeabilities smaller than 0.1 md and only 5% with permeabilities larger than 0.1 md. The method introduced by Lucia (1983) and Jennings and Lucia (2003) for determining RFN is powerful, but they explained it only for permeabilities larger than 0.1 md. Thus, the need for a methodology that allows estimating from well logs the presence of grainstone, packstone and/or wackstone in unconventional tight carbonate reservoirs with permeabilities smaller than 0.1 md. Results indicate that the RFN provides a useful approach for distinguishing grainstone, packstone and wackstone rocks in unconventional tight carbonate reservoirs. Furthermore, rock fabric can be linked with Pickett plots to provide an integrated quantitative evaluation of RFN, porosity, water saturation, permeability, pore throat radius, and capillary pressure. This integration indicates that there is good oil potential in the Middle Cretaceous unconventional tight carbonate in Mexico. The novelty of this paper is the use of rock fabric (RFN) in unconventional tight carbonates with permeabilities smaller than 0.1 md for estimating the presence of grainstone, packstone and wackstone rocks from well logs. In addition, a crossplot of RFN vs rp35 provides a good indication of intervals with oil production potential.
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Pinto, M. F., and M. Nele. "Carbonate Wettability Alteration: Core Flooding Test Under Reservoir Conditions with Carbonate Rock and Oil Samples from the Brazilian Pre-Salt." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218144-ms.
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Abstract HIGHLIGHTS Evaluation of carbonates wettability modifier under Pre-Salt reservoir conditions. Rock and oil originating from the Brazilian Pre-Salt. Core flooding test under pre-salt reservoir conditions Carbonates wettability modifier. Surface agents can be used in different forms in upstream oil and gas production. One application is to enhance oil recovery by reducing interfacial tension (IFT) or changing the wettability of rocks from oil-wet (OW) to water-wet (WW). They can also be used for flow assurance purposes, preventing the deposition of inorganic scales. However, reducing IFT through surfactant application may lead to the formation of stable emulsions, complicating the separation of water from oil during primary processing. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of a hydrotrope, specifically the phosphoric ester of glycerol (PEG-H), in increasing the hydrophilicity of carbonate petroleum reservoirs without significantly reducing IFT. The evaluation was conducted through a core flooding test to simulate pre-salt reservoir conditions, with a reservoir pressure of 6200 psi and a temperature of 84°C. The rocks and crude oil used in the test originated from the Brazilian pre-salt. The results demonstrate that the hydrotrope successfully enhances the hydrophilicity of carbonate rocks, resulting in an increased oil recovery factor, while maintaining a high IFT level.
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Al-Shalabi, E. W., K. Sepehrnoori, G. Pope, and K. Mohanty. "A Fundamental Model for Predicting Oil Recovery Due to Low Salinity Water Injection in Carbonate Rocks." In SPE Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169911-ms.
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AbstractThe low salinity water injection (LSWI) technique is gaining popularity due to the simplicity of the method compared to other thermal and chemical EOR techniques. In this paper, a fundamental model is proposed which captures the effect of LSWI on improving the microscopic displacement efficiency from carbonates through the trapping number. The proposed model was used to history match recently published corefloods using the UTCHEM simulator. The proposed model incorporates wettability alteration effect through contact angle and trapping parameter. Results showed that history matching of the corefloods was performed successfully using the proposed model. Moreover, wettability alteration is the main contributor to LSWI effect on oil recovery from carbonate rocks. The proposed model was further validated upon which the applicability is extended to include weakly-oil-wet to mixed-wet rocks. This model can be used for oil recovery predictions from carbonate rocks at the field-scale.
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Ayupov, Amir Rustamovich, Sergey Faizovich Khafizov, and Kurmangazy Orinbgazievich Iskaziev. "Influence of Secondary Alterations on the Structure of the Pore Space of the Upper Permian Carbonate Deposits of the Northern Side Zone of the Caspian Basin." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207049-ms.
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Abstract The analysis of the facies distribution of reservoirs within the Moscow-Artinskian sedimentation rim within the Northern part of the Pre-Caspian Basin was carried out. The Teplovsko-Tokarevskaya group of deposits is a chain of carbonate structures stretched in the sub-latitudinal direction. They are consist mainly of bioherm structures, which include tubifytes, foraminifera, crinoidea, ostracods, ostracods, etc. From the lithological point of view, the reservoir rocks are represented by dolomite-limestone differences-from organic limestones to secondary chemogenic dolomites. The influence of facies distribution and secondary dolomitization on the structure of the pore space remains controversial and requires detailed study. The concepts of secondary dolomitization were analyzed and one of the concepts of the formation of secondary dolomites and anhydrites was used to justify the facies distribution: Zones of secondary transformation (dolomitization) form a sweet spots zone in the Artinskian carbonate horizon when high-salinity (Mg2+) waters from the Filippovsky horizon carbonates are infiltrates to Artinskian carbonate. As a result of the discharge of elision waters during digenetic dehydration of gypsum. After the anhydride overlaying of the Artinskian carbonate structure, several regressive-transgressive cycles occurred, which formed a sequence of consistent dolomite-limestone and gypsum layers in the Filippovskian time. During the diagenesis water contained in the gypsum was dehydrated into the permeable zones in carbonates of the Filippovsky horizon, followed by unloading in the region of the Artinskian horizon. Evaporite sedimentation of chemogenic carbonates and gypsum created a condition for the subsequent infiltration of sulphate and magnesium waters in the direction dip formation angle. The source of magnesium is the water remaining after the precipitation of gypsum and carbonates in the Filippovskian time.
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Ayupov, Amir Rustamovich, Sergey Faizovich Khafizov, and Kurmangazy Orinbgazievich Iskaziev. "Influence of Secondary Alterations on the Structure of the Pore Space of the Upper Permian Carbonate Deposits of the Northern Side Zone of the Caspian Basin." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207049-ms.
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Abstract The analysis of the facies distribution of reservoirs within the Moscow-Artinskian sedimentation rim within the Northern part of the Pre-Caspian Basin was carried out. The Teplovsko-Tokarevskaya group of deposits is a chain of carbonate structures stretched in the sub-latitudinal direction. They are consist mainly of bioherm structures, which include tubifytes, foraminifera, crinoidea, ostracods, ostracods, etc. From the lithological point of view, the reservoir rocks are represented by dolomite-limestone differences-from organic limestones to secondary chemogenic dolomites. The influence of facies distribution and secondary dolomitization on the structure of the pore space remains controversial and requires detailed study. The concepts of secondary dolomitization were analyzed and one of the concepts of the formation of secondary dolomites and anhydrites was used to justify the facies distribution: Zones of secondary transformation (dolomitization) form a sweet spots zone in the Artinskian carbonate horizon when high-salinity (Mg2+) waters from the Filippovsky horizon carbonates are infiltrates to Artinskian carbonate. As a result of the discharge of elision waters during digenetic dehydration of gypsum. After the anhydride overlaying of the Artinskian carbonate structure, several regressive-transgressive cycles occurred, which formed a sequence of consistent dolomite-limestone and gypsum layers in the Filippovskian time. During the diagenesis water contained in the gypsum was dehydrated into the permeable zones in carbonates of the Filippovsky horizon, followed by unloading in the region of the Artinskian horizon. Evaporite sedimentation of chemogenic carbonates and gypsum created a condition for the subsequent infiltration of sulphate and magnesium waters in the direction dip formation angle. The source of magnesium is the water remaining after the precipitation of gypsum and carbonates in the Filippovskian time.
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Chen, Jianming, Haiyang Zhang, Muhammad Arif, et al. "Investigation of Acoustic Velocity of Carbonate Rocks and the Effect of Cracks on Velocity." In Gas & Oil Technology Showcase and Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214096-ms.
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Abstract The acoustic velocity is very closely related to rock properties such as porosity, permeability etc. These relationships are particularly important for carbonate rocks. It is thus vital to examine the interpretation of acoustic velocity as a function of rock properties. The primary goal of this study was to examine how rock properties e.g., porosity, permeability and crack density, affect the acoustic velocity of rock samples. For this purpose, 24 carbonate plug samples from Ras Al-Khaimah were examined. The recrystallized carbonates depicted a very low porosity and a significant amount of fractures were examined. A unified theory for elastic wave propagation through porous media containing cracks was used for the quantitative description of cracks and the relationship between cracks and acoustic velocity was also investigated. A positive correlation was found between the P-wave velocity difference and the corresponding inverted crack density difference. The results of this study provide new insights into the acoustic behavior of carbonate rocks.
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Sampaio, R. V., G. L. Righetto, R. G. S. Gomes, et al. "Some Petrophysical Characteristics of a Brazilian Pre-Salt Carbonate." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0508.
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ABSTRACT Brazilian pre-salt carbonate reservoirs are known by their complex and varied pore shapes with multimodal pore-size distribution. The complexity in these lacustrine carbonates can be related to sensitiveness of salinity, pH, water level changes, topography, and sediment supply variations, forming deposits that can be very challenging for petrophysical characterization. This paper presents a geological-petrophysical experimental program based on thin sections, x-ray powder diffraction, gas permeameter-porosimeter, mercury intrusion porosimetry, well logs, nuclear magnetic resonance, and digital rock analyses on samples recovered from a well in a reservoir at Santos Basin, aiming to capture the multi-scale petrophysical properties associated with these rocks. The samples contained calcite (∼82 %), ankerite (∼12 %), and both quartz and clay minerals (∼3 %) composing only one facies that has calcite shrubs and spherulites as the main textural components. The average porosity (13.3 %), obtained in gas permeameter-porosimeter was similar to the one obtained from thin sections, well logs, nuclear magnetic resonance, and digital rock analyses. The carbonates’ heterogeneity was manifested in the permeability values (9.7 to 137.9 mD), which agrees with the diversity of pore types and the multi-modal pore size distributions obtained. The results of digital rock analysis enabled an internal view of the rock complementing the laboratory data and supporting its heterogeneous nature. In conclusion, the designed experimental program provides a rich collection of geological-petrophysical data towards a better understanding of the rock. INTRODUCTION Approximately 50-60 % of the world's hydrocarbons reserves and the largest oil and gas fields are composed of carbonate rocks (Roehl & Choquette, 1985; Ramakrishnan et al., 2001; Bust et al., 2011; Burchette, 2012; Garland et al., 2012). Initially, there was a common perception that carbonate reservoirs were mostly associated with a marine, especially organic, origin and were characterized by superficially similar mineralogical and diagenetic imprints (‘limestones and dolomites’), as addressed by Burchette (2012). Since the 1970s, however, the joint efforts between industry and academia provided major advances in the understanding of carbonate rocks. Some of the research-driver issues related to carbonate reservoirs include their complex and varied pore shapes with multimodal pore-size distribution, permeability ranges within orders of magnitude for a given porosity, and non-linear porosity/permeability relationships. Besides that, properties like porosity are very helpful to estimate mechanical parameters, through the use of empirical correlations, when there is no available sample for laboratory tests. Thus, operators working in Brazil are very much motivated to increase their knowledge about the petrophysics of pre-salt carbonates, which is the focus of this paper.
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Drexler, Santiago, Rafael Bastos Alves, Vitor Silos, Milena Ferreira De Siqueira, and Jonas Toelke. "New Method to Simulate Digital Petrophysical Properties in Heterogeneous Carbonates Using Multiscale Micro Computed Tomography Imaging and Customized Laboratory Experiments." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21930-ms.
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Abstract Offshore Pre-salt carbonates are the most relevant assets in Brazil. Since they have only been in production for the last two decades, their petrophysical characterization is of utmost importance to build reservoir models that can effectively estimate reserves and forecast production. The rock and fluid complexity of these carbonates increase the timeline and uncertainty of special core analysis programs. In this context, innovative technologies, such as digital rock analysis, can support and strengthen the petrophysical characterization of this challenging carbonates. In this work, we propose a methodology based on petrophysical trends to improve the definition of representative digital volumes of a reworked carbonate sample from the Pre-salt. In addition, digital static and dynamic properties were simulated at the pore scale and then upscaled for the whole plug. The porosity, permeability, formation factor and capillary pressure results showed a positive match with laboratory mercury injection capillary pressure and routine core analysis. The upscaling procedure was key to capture the dominant features at both the micro (pore) and macro (plug) scales commonly found in complex carbonate rocks. This workflow optimized the use of rock and fluid samples, reduced the timeline of the special core analysis program to 60% and supported minimizing the uncertainty of the traditional laboratory programs by improving quality control.
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Bashirov, Ayrat, Ilya Galas, Marat Nazyrov, Dmitry Kuznetsov, and Azamat Akkuzhin. "Directional Radial Drilling Increases Reservoir Coverage with Precise Wellbore Placement Resulting in a Significant Production Increase from a Thin Reservoir." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208035-ms.
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Abstract In many oil and gas provinces not only in Russia, but throughout the world, carbonate strata make up a significant portion of the sedimentary cover, and large accumulations of hydrocarbons are associated with them. However, the purposeful study of them as reservoirs for hydrocarbons in our country practically began only in the post-war years. In the special petrography laboratory carbonate rocks composing various stratigraphic complexes of almost all oil and gas provinces of the Soviet Union were studied, and in particular, Paleozoic carbonate strata of the Timan-Pechora province, Ural-Volga region, Belarus, Kazakhstan, ancient Riphean-Cambrian formations of Yakutia and relatively young strata of the Late Cretaceous of the northeastern Ciscaucasia. Carbonates are widespread sedimentary rocks. A very significant part of them was formed in the conditions of vast shallow-water marine epicontinental basins. A large number of works are devoted to the study of such deposits. However, issues related to the conditions of formation of carbonate sediments and their postsedimentary changes cannot be considered resolved, as well as the classification of the rocks themselves. The analyzed field is the Osvanyurskoye one. It was discovered in 2007. The field is located in the north-east of the European part of the Russian Federation, 2 km from Usinsk in the Komi Republic. The field is a part of the Timano-Pechora oil and gas province and it is a mature field (fig. 1). The objective was a 2.5m thick layer of the Serpukhov horizon.
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Florez, Jhonatan Jair Arismendi, Carina Ulsen, and Jean Vicente Ferrari. "Methodology for Constructing Synthetic Carbonate Rocks with Controlled Properties: Overcoming Challenges to Mimic Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir Rocks." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24293-ea.
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Abstract Characterizing oilfields involves testing rock plugs. However, carbonate reservoirs like the Brazilian pre-salt basins pose challenges due to their high heterogeneity and deepwater location, making plug extraction costly and risky. To address and contribute to this issue, a new methodology is proposed for constructing synthetic carbonate rocks with controlled physical and chemical properties, which involves utilizing materials of carbonate nature and a novel 3D printing approach to mimic the natural properties, including heterogeneous porosity of vuggy and fracture types. The chemical/mineralogical approach involved the utilization of carefully selected pure minerals as the base material. The methodology uses cement with a high content of carbonate material (&gt;70%w/w) as bonding material, and to enhance the plugs consolidation; the solubility and precipitation of carbonates were regulated by controlling temperature and pH. Regarding the physical pore space approach, the samples were enriched with naturally soluble materials of controlled morphology using the innovative 3D printing solution during the forming process. Subsequently, these materials were removed via a solvent solution, creating controlled void spaces/pores within the synthetic rock matrix, exhibiting a range of predetermined sizes and morphologies. The research findings highlight the critical role of pure minerals with controlled particle size and morphology in achieving a controlled synthetic rock matrix. By employing a combination of pure minerals, limestone cement with a high carbonate content in a controlled ratio, it becomes possible to mimic the mineral heterogeneity observed natural reservoirs. The particle size distribution of the base materials directly influences the microporosities, enabling their regulation. The proposed novel methodology, based on a 3D printing solution, offers a viable alternative for controlling the morphology of naturally soluble materials. This control extends to macro and meso porosities, such as vuggies and fractures. Consequently, the synthetic plugs combine micro, meso, and macro porosities, accurately mimicking the highly heterogeneous pore network found in natural rocks from reservoirs. This methodology enables the reproduction of controlled chemical and physical properties similar to rocks from carbonate reservoirs. Furthermore, the resultant synthetic plugs exhibit significant consolidation in both dry and wet conditions, allowing their utilization in laboratory tests conducted under various environmental settings. This work was motivated by the need for solutions when obtaining reservoir samples for research is impractical, as well as the scarcity of publications addressing the construction of representative heterogeneous carbonate plugs. The outcomes of this research provide valuable assistance to the scientific community in creating controlled and reproducible synthetic carbonate rocks, in addition to the 3D printing approach, offering valuable insights into the regulation of pore space networks in an accessible and cost-effective way.
Reports on the topic "Roches carbonatées"
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Bolduc, A. M., and M. Liard. Dispersion glaciosédimentaire sur le piémont laurentien dans la région de Québec (Québec): des fragments de roches carbonatées sur le Bouclier canadien. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/212691.
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Simandl, G. J., R. J. D'Souza, S. Paradis, and J. Spence. Rare-earth element content of carbonate minerals in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328001.
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Paleozoic platform carbonate rocks of the Rocky Mountains host Mississippi Valley-type (MVT), magnesite, barite, and REE-barite-fluorite deposits. Farther west, platform carbonate rocks of the Kootenay Arc host MVT and fracture-controlled replacement (FCR) deposits. This is the first systematic LA-ICP-MS study of carbonates in MVT and FCR deposits. We investigated seven MVT deposits in the Rocky Mountains, and five MVT deposits in the Kootenay Arc. None of the post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS)-normalized REE profiles show light REE (LREE) depletion and strong negative Ce anomalies characteristic of modern seawater: some profiles are nearly flat; others show depletion in LREE similar to seawater but without negative Ce anomalies; others are middle REE enriched. Carbonates with a strong positive Eu anomaly precipitated from or interacted with different fluids than carbonates with flatter profiles without a strong positive Eu anomaly. REE signatures reflect crystallization conditions of primary carbonates, and crystallization and re-equilibration conditions of carbonates with ambient fluids during diagenesis, deep burial, and/or metamorphic recrystallization. Chemical evolution of fluids along their migration path, fluid-to-rock ratio, fluid acidity, redox, and temperature also influence REE profile shape, which helps establish genetic and timing constraints on studied deposits and improves knowledge of the metallogeny of the Kootenay Arc and Rocky Mountains.
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Carter, T. R., C E Logan, and H. A. J. Russell. Three-dimensional model of dolomitization patterns in the Salina Group A-1 Carbonate and A-2 Carbonate units, Sombra Township, Lambton County, southern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332363.
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Dolomitization of carbonate rocks is a subject of considerable interest due to association with oil and gas reservoirs and Mississippi Valley Type ore deposits. Conceptual two-dimensional models of dolomitization are common in the literature, however numeric models supported by high quality data are rare to nonexistent. This paper presents three-dimensional (3-D) dolomitization patterns in the Salina Group A-1 Carbonate Unit and A-2 Carbonate Unit located in Sombra Township, Lambton County. The source data consists of percent dolomite measurements collected from 9727 drill cutting samples, stained with alizarin red, from 409 petroleum wells. Numerical interpolants of the percentage of dolomite versus limestone in the two formations are developed within the boundaries of lithostratigraphic formation layers derived from a 3-D geologic model of southern Ontario, published as GSC Open File 8795 (Carter et al. 2021b). The model was developed using Leapfrog© Works software with a 400 m grid resolution. Results show that increased proportions of dolomite vs limestone in both formations are spatially associated with the flanks and crests of pinnacles in the underlying Lockport Group carbonates, over which the B Salt has been dissolved, and the downthrown side of the Dawn Fault and Becher faults. In the A-1 Carbonate there is an increase in dolomite content over a minority of incipient reefs in the Lockport, and in the A-2 Carbonate Unit there is a gradational increase in dolomite content upwards from a basal limestone to 100% dolomite. The cross-cutting relationships of dolomite occurrence in the A-1 Carbonate on the flanks and crests of some pinnacles support a post-depositional burial diagenesis mechanism, consistent with previous interpretations. The pathway for the dolomitizing fluid was laterally through porous and permeable regional paleokarst in the underlying Lockport Group, uppermost Goat Island and Guelph formations, and upwards through the porous reefal carbonates of the pinnacles. Association of dolomitization haloes with dissolution features in halite of the overlying B Salt Unit further suggest that the dolomitizing fluids were also responsible for salt dissolution. The preferential association of dolomite with the Dawn and Becher faults suggest that movement of the dolomitizing fluid was also fault controlled. This project demonstrates the feasibility and merit of assignment and interpolation of attribute values constrained by lithostratigraphic layers in the regional 3-D geologic model of southern Ontario. Spatial associations of dolomite with other geological features are more clearly resolved than in a 2-D study.
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Paradis, S., G. J. Simandl, N. Drage, R J D'Souza, D. J. Kontak, and Z. Waller. Carbonate-hosted deposits (Mississippi Valley-type, magnesite, and REE-F-Ba) of the southeastern Canadian Cordillera: a review and isotopic data comparison. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/327995.
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The Mississippi Valley-type, magnesite, and REE-F-Ba deposits in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera are in the weakly deformed/metamorphosed Paleozoic carbonate platform of the Rocky Mountains. Most are hosted in dolostones of the middle Cambrian Cathedral, upper Cambrian Jubilee, and Upper Devonian Palliser formations and spatially associated with hydrothermal dolomite. They occur along structurally controlled facies transitions between the shallow-water carbonate platform and deeper water basin rocks of the Paleozoic continental margin. Their location and morphology reflect episodic rifting along the Paleozoic margin. The carbonate protolith was replaced by fine-grained 'replacive dolomite' followed by several stages of coarser saccharoidal, sparry, and saddle dolomites and sulfides replacing dolostone and filling open spaces. The 87Sr/86Sr, delta-18O, delta-13C, and fluid-inclusion data are consistent with high-temperature fluids interacting with host rocks and show influence of adjacent or underlying siliciclastic rocks. The large range of delta-34S values of sulfides suggests that thermochemical sulfate reduction of seawater sulfate was the main sulfur-reducing process, but bacterial sulfate reduction also occurred locally. Lead isotopes suggest a mixing trend involving highly radiogenic and non-radiogenic end members. These observations are consistent with hydrothermal fluids replacing protoliths, precipitating sulfides, and possibly REE-F-Ba mineralization.
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Scanlan, E. J., M. Leybourne, D. Layton-Matthews, A. Voinot, and N. van Wagoner. Alkaline magmatism in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon: relationship to SEDEX mineralization. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328994.
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Several sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits have alkaline magmatism that is temporally and spatially associated to mineralization. This report outlines interim data from a study of potential linkages between magmatism and SEDEX mineralization in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon. This region is an ideal study site due to the close spatial and temporal relationships between SEDEX deposits and magmatism, particularly in the MacMillan Pass, where volcanic rocks have been drilled with mineralization at the Boundary deposit. Alkaline volcanic samples were analysed from the Anvil District, MacMillan Pass, Keno-Mayo and the Misty Creek Embayment in the Selwyn Basin to characterise volcanism and examine the relationship to mineralization. Textural and field relationships indicate a volatile-rich explosive eruptive volcanic system in the MacMillan Pass region in comparison to the Anvil District, which is typically effusive in nature. High proportions of calcite and ankerite in comparison to other minerals are present in the MacMillan system. Cathodoluminescence imaging reveals zoning and carbonate that displays different luminescent colours within the same sample, likely indicating multiple generations of carbonate precipitation. Barium contents are enriched in volcanic rocks throughout the Selwyn Basin, which is predominately hosted by hyalophane with rare barite and barytocalcite. Thallium is positively correlated with Ba, Rb, Cs, Mo, As, Sb and the calcite-chlorite-pyrite index and is negatively correlated with Cu. Anvil District samples display a trend towards depleted mid-ocean ridge mantle on a plot of Ce/Tl versus Th/Rb. Hydrothermal alteration has likely led to the removal of Tl from volcanic rocks in the region. Ongoing research involves: i) the analysis of Sr, Nd, Pb and Tl isotopes of volcanic samples; ii) differentiating magmatic from hydrothermal carbonate using O, C and Sr isotopes; iii) examining sources of Ba in the Selwyn Basin; iv) and constraining age relationships through U-Th-Pb geochronology.
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Lekhov, A. V. Studies of permeability changes and mass transfer in carbonate rocks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760313.
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Durling, P. W. Seismic expression of the Codroy Group in the St. George's Bay lowlands, Newfoundland and Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332153.
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A composite stratigraphic section of the Codroy Group in the St. George's Bay lowlands was assembled from published stratigraphic sections and borehole data, in concert with published biostratigraphic data. The relative placement of stratigraphic sections in the composite section was guided by a form line contour map, which was constructed using bedding attitudes compiled from published geological maps. The composite section comprises a thick (~1000m), evaporite dominated, lower interval; a medial interval characterised by clastic, carbonate and evaporite rocks; and an upper clastic dominated interval. The lower evaporite interval correlates with Subzone A of the Windsor Group, the middle carbonate interval with Subzone B, and the upper interval with Windsor Subzones D and E. Average rock properties were assigned to the various strata in the composite section and a synthetic seismic trace was computed. The synthetic seismic trace provides insight into the nature and thickness of the Codroy Group imaged on seismic reflection data in the immediately adjacent offshore area beneath St. George's Bay.
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Larmagnat, S., and D. Lavoie. Regional and global correlations of the Devonian stratigraphic succession in the Hudson Bay and Moose River basins from onshore Manitoba and Ontario to offshore Hudson Bay. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326091.
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The Devonian successions in northeastern Manitoba and northern Ontario are integrated in a single stratigraphic framework. To the north, in the offshore Hudson Bay Basin, stratigraphic nomenclaturesare unified and correlated with the successions to the south. The carbon stable-isotope (d13CVPDB) trends for Devonian carbonate rocks are used for regional correlations and are compared with global Devonian isotope trends. Local and global d13CVPDB trends are used to evaluate the position of the Silurian-Devonian boundary in the Hudson Bay Platform. The Devonian succession of the Hudson Bay Platform belongs to the Kaskaskia Sequence and compares with similar carbonate-evaporite successions of the adjacent Williston and Michigan basins. In these basins, two episodes of roughly coeval reef development are present (Emsian-Eifelian and Givetian), with corals and stromatoporoids as main framework constituents. The Hudson Bay Platform reefs and dolomitized facies exhibit significant porosity and have the potential to form hydrocarbon reservoirs, with intervals bearing direct and petrophysical evidence of hydrocarbon charge.
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Wood, James R., and William B. Harrison. Advanced Characterization of Fractured Reservoirs in Carbonate Rocks: The Michigan Basin. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/805238.
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James R. Wood and William B. Harrison. ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION OF FRACTURED RESERVOIRS IN CARBONATE ROCKS: THE MICHIGAN BASIN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834671.
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