Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Roches mères'
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Boussafir, Mohammed. "La matière organique sédimentaire marqueurs d'environnement. Des roches mères pétroligènes aux sédiments organiques actuels." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356954.
Full textTazi, Hamza. "Propriétés élastiques et anisotropie des roches mères : approche expérimentale multi-échelle et modélisation par milieu effectif." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1022.
Full textThe oil and gas production from unconventional reservoirs represents a large part of North America’s production. Improving the knowledge of source rock characteristics constitutes a major scientific and economic challenge. This thesis focuses on the elastic properties and anisotropy of source rocks and combines a multiscale experimental workflow with modeling using an effective medium approach.The studied samples come from Montney and Doig formations (Western Canada sedimentary basin). Our experimental data have been compared to an experimental database built from literature data of different source rock formations. This comparison illustrates the links between acoustic properties and several source rock internal parameters (density, porosity, composition) and external parameters (confining pressure during acoustic tests). The main observations show the influence of the content of clays and organic matter and of the porosity on the velocities and the specific influence of clays on the anisotropy of source rocks. The different components of Montney and Doig formations have been characterized through the combination of nanoindentation measurements and SEM-EDS analyses.The observations and experimental results of this thesis have been integrated into effective medium models which take into account source rock microstructure. A simple model based on five isotropic phases and one transverse isotropic phase (clays) has first been defined. It allows the estimation of the elastic properties of source rocks, but underestimates their anisotropy. This model has then been adapted to the specificities of Montney and Doig formations. For these formations, SEM observations indicate that clays and organic matter are localized between grains. The clays-OM-pores composite thus adds compliance to Montney and Doig formations by coating the other minerals. The elastic properties measured through nanoindentation are used as input data. The clays are modeled as an isotropic phase and the muscovite as a transverse isotropic phase. The derived model enables us to estimate the elastic properties and the anisotropy of our samples
Crombez, Vincent. "Pétrofaciès, sédimentologie et architecture stratigraphique des roches riches en matière organique : étude multi-approches des formations Montney et Doig (Trias inferieur et moyen, Alberta - Colombie Britannique, Canada)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066055.
Full textThe aim of this study is to improve the understanding of sedimentary organic matter heterogeneities in unconventional plays, based on outcrop and well data from the Triassic Montney and Doig Formations. The workflow comprises four steps: (1) well correlations, based on sequence stratigraphy, (2) Rock-Eval VI and ICP-MS/AES analyses of outcrop, core and cutting samples, (3) integration of the analyses results in the stratigraphic framework, (4) a process-based forward modeling of the stratigraphic evolution of the basin with DIONISOS in order to test multiple scenarios of primary productivity and basin restriction.The stratigraphic architecture of the Montney and Doig Fms has been subdivided into four sequences gathered in two second order cycles (A and B) separated by a major time gap (approx. 2 My). This study shows that the deposition of the Triassic series on the Western margin of North America took place in an active structural context and not on a passive margin. The integration of the geochemical and petrographic analyses results in the stratigraphic framework shows that significant organic accumulations are located in the FSST of sequence A and in the TST of sequence B. DIONISOS shows a major drop of the sedimentary inputs between Lower and Middle Triassic that is interpreted to be linked to the regional geodynamic evolution and the early stages of the Canadian Cordillera orogeny. Lastly, this study emphasizes the first order control of the geodynamic evolution on organic rich accumulation
Khalaf, Sakher. "Formation des sols sur les basaltes du HauranE (Syrie du sud) : influence de l'age et du climat." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT012A.
Full textZanella, Alain. "Surpression de fluides et fracturation de roches mères en différents contextes tectoniques : modélisation analogique et exemples de terrain." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980281.
Full textBerthelon, Josselin. "Etude mécanique des déformations des chaînes plissées d'avant-pays et rôle des argiles roches-mères durant leur maturation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066687/document.
Full textIn this thesis, changes in the mechanical properties of organic-rich shales, when they mature, are studied in order to deduce if burial may mechanically activate tectonic imbrication and control the folding style. This multidisciplinary work is organized according to three axes: a field study, a laboratory study and a thermo-mechanical modeling study. In the first part, the study balanced geological cross-sections through the Mediterranean fold-and-thrust belts shows the importance of the mechanical interpretation for structural restorations and to validate structural evolution scenarios. The Albanian Posidonia Schist laboratory characterization allows discussing the vertical evolution of mineralogical, geochemical and mechanical parameters in a source-rock formation that control the rheological behavior of source rocks. Both geological cases serve as input data for modeling designed to simulate the evolution of a source rock during its burial. Two aspects are examined: Using TEMISFlow Arctem basin models, I analyze the conditions necessary to create overpressure in a source-rock detachment located in the footwall of a thrust. Through geo-mechanical modeling, I study the mechanical conditions necessary to develop ideal fold geometries within a mechanical stratigraphy. A hierarchy of parameters to activate a detachment within source rocks embedded in a mechanical stratigraphy is thus proposed. Through an analysis of the coupling between these two aspects, geo-mechanical and hydro-mechanical, this thesis is a contribution to the search of a rheological law that takes into account the thermo-dependent softening of shale and source rocks in geo-mechanical modeling
Berthelon, Josselin. "Etude mécanique des déformations des chaînes plissées d'avant-pays et rôle des argiles roches-mères durant leur maturation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066687.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, changes in the mechanical properties of organic-rich shales, when they mature, are studied in order to deduce if burial may mechanically activate tectonic imbrication and control the folding style. This multidisciplinary work is organized according to three axes: a field study, a laboratory study and a thermo-mechanical modeling study. In the first part, the study balanced geological cross-sections through the Mediterranean fold-and-thrust belts shows the importance of the mechanical interpretation for structural restorations and to validate structural evolution scenarios. The Albanian Posidonia Schist laboratory characterization allows discussing the vertical evolution of mineralogical, geochemical and mechanical parameters in a source-rock formation that control the rheological behavior of source rocks. Both geological cases serve as input data for modeling designed to simulate the evolution of a source rock during its burial. Two aspects are examined: Using TEMISFlow Arctem basin models, I analyze the conditions necessary to create overpressure in a source-rock detachment located in the footwall of a thrust. Through geo-mechanical modeling, I study the mechanical conditions necessary to develop ideal fold geometries within a mechanical stratigraphy. A hierarchy of parameters to activate a detachment within source rocks embedded in a mechanical stratigraphy is thus proposed. Through an analysis of the coupling between these two aspects, geo-mechanical and hydro-mechanical, this thesis is a contribution to the search of a rheological law that takes into account the thermo-dependent softening of shale and source rocks in geo-mechanical modeling
Crombez, Vincent. "Pétrofaciès, sédimentologie et architecture stratigraphique des roches riches en matière organique : étude multi-approches des formations Montney et Doig (Trias inferieur et moyen, Alberta - Colombie Britannique, Canada)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066055/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to improve the understanding of sedimentary organic matter heterogeneities in unconventional plays, based on outcrop and well data from the Triassic Montney and Doig Formations. The workflow comprises four steps: (1) well correlations, based on sequence stratigraphy, (2) Rock-Eval VI and ICP-MS/AES analyses of outcrop, core and cutting samples, (3) integration of the analyses results in the stratigraphic framework, (4) a process-based forward modeling of the stratigraphic evolution of the basin with DIONISOS in order to test multiple scenarios of primary productivity and basin restriction.The stratigraphic architecture of the Montney and Doig Fms has been subdivided into four sequences gathered in two second order cycles (A and B) separated by a major time gap (approx. 2 My). This study shows that the deposition of the Triassic series on the Western margin of North America took place in an active structural context and not on a passive margin. The integration of the geochemical and petrographic analyses results in the stratigraphic framework shows that significant organic accumulations are located in the FSST of sequence A and in the TST of sequence B. DIONISOS shows a major drop of the sedimentary inputs between Lower and Middle Triassic that is interpreted to be linked to the regional geodynamic evolution and the early stages of the Canadian Cordillera orogeny. Lastly, this study emphasizes the first order control of the geodynamic evolution on organic rich accumulation
Aran, Delphine. "Andosolisation dans les Hautes Vosges : conditions de développement et comparaison avec les autres processus de pédogenèse." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0086_ARAN.pdf.
Full textDuring the last few years, the Andosol concept has undergone significant modifications leading to the setting up of new definition and classification rules by the international commissions. In the Vosges mountains, where sorne soils with andic features have been studied in the past, the use of these criteria coupled with a field survey shows the presence of Andosols. The limiting factors and the necessary conditions for andosolisation in the Vosges, where brunification and podzolisation usually prevail, have been established by a precise characterisation of these soils, a study of the processes occuring within them and a comparison with other soils from the Vosges or with Andosols from other areas. Andosols from the Vosges have low contents of allophanes and high amounts of stable and immobile organo-metallic complexes, but they show a weak stage of development and the y cover only a small area. Andosol formation needs the union of favourable climatic conditions and parent rock: the former can only be found in the highest parts of the moutains, where humid conditions allow mineraI weathering and cold temperatures reduce the mineralisation of organic matter by biological activity. In such environments, andosolisation needs basic rocks with high amounts of weatherable mineraIs. The chemical composition of the parent rock appears to be the main factor governing pedogenesis. The development stage of the process is mainly governed by the rock's texture, mineralogy and compactness. The absence of loose pyroclastic materials rich in glass can explain some particularities of this andosolisation: weak development and absence of allophanes
Khadraoui, Sofiane. "Analyse des impacts environnementaux liés à l'exploitation des réservoirs non conventionnels." Thesis, Pau, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03969353.
Full textThe objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental impacts related to hydraulic fracturing operations by studying the adsorption mechanisms of chemicals additives used in fracturing fluids and to predict the evolution of these additives injected in large quantities into the shale. Based on the results obtained, it appears that bentonite has a high adsorption capacity of xanthan additive compared to other minerals contained in the shale. The three-model matrices bentonite, calcite and kaolinite have the same adsorption capacity of sp breaker additive. It also appears that xanthan is a biodegradable product, unlike sp breaker, which is a non-biodegradable product, requiring other treatment methods other than the biological method. These two results allowed us to conclude that Bentonite can be used as an adsorbent for the treatment of return water for the elimination of the two products (xanthan and sp breaker), both of which are present in significant quantities in the return water (flow back) and present a fairly significant environmental problem. The results obtained by the rheology studies showed that the gelling agent (xanthan) has a high viscosity when applied under low shear stress and a low viscosity when applied under high shear stress. This shear stress tends to increase for the samples conserved for 24 hours and needs more energy to be injected into the shale. The water-gelling agent mixture behaves like a rheofluidifying fluid with a critical flow stress and flow is only observed when the applied shear stress is above this critical value. In addition, analytical, numerical and experimental hydraulic fracturing tests carried out in the laboratory on a number of cylindrical samples of synthesized PMMA showed that the flow rate and the initial crack size has more impact than viscosity on breakdown pressure. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the analytical and numerical models compared to the experimental results. The results of the numerical simulation study are nearly the same as the experimental (real) results compared to the analytical study, because the analytical study only takes into account the depth of the crack, but the numerical simulation, which considers the shape of the semi-elliptical crack (half-length and depth). Key Words: shale, fracturing fluid, source rock, PMMA
Larmier, Salomé. "Génération de fluides, migration et fracturation au sein des roches mères : cas de la formation de la Vaca Muerta, bassin de Neuquén, Argentine." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA1009.pdf.
Full textNatural hydraulic fractures caused by fluid overpressure phenomena are common in source rocks. They generally materialize in calcite veins more commonly known as "beef". The study of these veins makes it possible to better constrain the tectonic and thermal history of the basin. Moreover, understanding their spatial distribution is a key parameter for unconventional oil exploitation, as the beef plays an important role on the development of induced hydraulic fracturing. This work presents a multidisciplinary approach in the field of geosciences to constrain the timing, distribution, morphology and origin of the fluid feeding the beef. The case study is from the Vaca Muerta formation, Neuquén basin, Argentina. The results of studies carried out on sediment cores and outcrops showed that sedimentary heterogeneities, high TOC values, rock maturity and compressive tectonic stresses controlled the frequency and thickness of the beef. Thus, they become markers of rock maturity. Beefs have a 3D morphology that varies according to the surrounding rock. Petrographic observations have shown that they record the contemporary and posterior deformation of their opening. The fluids that feed these fractures evolve over time and change locally according to the mineralogical composition of the surrounding rock and temperature. To conclude, the beefs are mechanically set in place by the action of fluid pressure and/or compressive tectonic stress, at the maximum burial and at the beginning of the exhumation of the basin
Mbani, Jean-Nazaire. "Micropaléontologie et géochimie organique du bassin côtier congolais au Crétacé supérieur : paléoécologie des foraminifères, espèces et associations indicatrices des paléoenvironnements des roches mères pétrolières." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812448.
Full textMbani, Jean Nazaire. "Micropaléontologie et géochimie organique du bassin côtier congolais au Crétacé supérieur : paléoécologie des foraminifères, espèces et associations indicatrices des paléoenvironnements des roches mères pétrolières." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812448.
Full textEven, Véronique. "Analyse de tensio-actifs non ioniques dans le contexte de la récupération assistée : application à des phases aqueuses ayant transité sur des roches mères." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066604.
Full textElie, Marcel. "Effets des conditions temps-température et de la matrice minérale sur l'évolution de matières organiques de type II et III au cours de la pyrolyse en milieu confiné." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10315.
Full textZhou, Bo. "Étude de la migration secondaire du pétrole : expérience de laboratoire, analyse théorique et applications actuelles." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20156.
Full textNzoussi-Mbassani, Pierre. "Le Cénomano-Turonien de l'Atlantique Nord (bassin du Sénégal) : environnement de dépôt et évolution diagénétique : implications pétrolières." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2045.
Full textPenteado, Henrique Luiz de Barros. "Modélisation compositionnelle 2D de la genèse, expulsion et migration du pétrole dans le compartiment sud du bassin de Recôncavo, Brésil." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066041.
Full textKrim, Nesma. "Architecture stratigraphique, dynamique sédimentaire et distribution de la matière organique de la formation de la Vaca Muerta (Bassin de Neuquén, Argentine)." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3016/document.
Full textThe Vaca Muerta Formation is the principal source rock in the Neuquén Basin (Argentina). It constitutes also the major unconventional play in Argentina. Therefore, the Vaca Muerta formation stirs up large interest in the oil industry to understand the architecture and the organic matter distribution of this reservoir. Our study proposes an integrated approach, using sedimentology, stratigraphy, mineralogy and geochemistry in order to understand the depositional system and the paleoenvironmental conditions. The ultimate goal of this work is to clarify the stratigraphic relationship between organic-rich level and the basin filling. In the eastern part of the Neuquén basin, the study of 3D seismic allowed us to identify a wave-dominated depositional system and assess the role of the local tectonic and the eustatic control through seismic geometry. We carried out extensive field investigation, including logs and sampling, first in the Picún Leufú Anticline (southern part of the basin) and second, on several areas along a N-S trend over 500 km distance. This study allowed to define two major sectors which evolve differently. The first one corresponds to the central and southern part of the basin (from Picún Leufú Anticline to Chos Malal). There, an evolution from a siliciclastic shelf to a mixed ramp setting is observed during the Tithonian-Valanginian interval. Sediments were redistributed along the shoreface by longshore currents and further transported by storm and gravitary currents basinward. The second sector corresponds to Malargüe area (North area). It displays a perennial carbonate ramp during the Tithonian-Valanginian interval. Sequence stratigraphy analysis of all areas shows an homogeneous signal with five transgressive-regressive sequences in the basin. The geochemistry and clay mineralogy indicate the climate role in the evolution of the sedimentary environments. Geochemistry displays a “normal marine” environment with oxic waters and short-lived episodes of euxinia that coincides with the organic-rich levels. Lastly, the integrated approach, connecting stratigraphy end geochemistry shows four to five organic-rich intervals that coincide with the transgressive systems tract
Sunarminto, Bambang Hendro. "Étude de quelques sols sur roches ignées et volcaniques de Kalimantan centre, Indonésie." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10076.
Full textIatzoura, Agnès. "Caractérisation sédimentologique et géochimique d'une roche mère : la formation Querecual (Crétacé du Vénézuela oriental)." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066816.
Full textGrosjean, Emmanuelle. "Etude de l'altération d'une roche-mère exposée aux conditions atmosphériques : Identification de nouveaux marqueurs biologiques polyterpéniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13059.
Full textIn the present study, several aspects related to the weathering of geological samples exposed to atmospheric conditions were studied. The first chapter was devoted to the study of the weathering impact on the molecular composition of the organic matter of a source rock from the Paris basin, superficially outcropping and therefore, exposed to natural conditions. Despite a quite important weathering level, as deduced from global analyses, the effects of weathering on the biomarker distributions revealed to be relatively moderate. At a molecular level, the most striking phenomenon related to the superficial weathering is the disappearance of the metalloporphyrins at the outcrop. Quantitative analyses by UV/visible spectrophotometry and HPLC analyses of the nickel and vanadylporphyrin distributions reveal that weathering mainly affects nickelporphyrins and structures bearing exocyclic rings. Oxidation experiments on a mixture of natural nickel and vanadylporphyrins, in full agreement with the observations deduced from the natural geological samples, strongly suggest that abiotic oxidation is the main weathering process responsible for the degradation of the metalloporphyrins in the sediment. In the second chapter, three novel polycyclic highly cyclised alkanes were isolated from a bituminous rock and characterised by NMR. These compounds result from the diagenetic transformation of biological polycyclic polyprenoid precursors formed by cyclisation of regular all-trans polyprenoid. The absence of specific methyl groups on the structures of these fossil compounds gives clues to the structure of their biological precursors whose origin is still unknown
Bruneau, Benjamin. "Modélisation numérique de la sédimentation organique : réévaluation des processus gouvernant sa distribution au Jurassique inférieur en Europe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066293.
Full textMarine source-rocks have heterogeneities both in their distribution and quality over time and space. The deposition of these organic-rich sediments and their variations are complex phenomena resulting from the convergence of several processes which were the subject of many studies. However, the debate on their relative roles and impacts remains strong. The evolution of numerical modelling tools now allows a quantitative approach and new studies about the interaction between these processes. Because of their general context and the presence of several source-rocks, the Lower Jurassic sedimentary basins of Europe are an ideal case to characterize the processes governing the distribution of organic matter (OM). This thesis present the study and the numerical modelling of these basins which allowed to determine the relative influence of the control factors of the OM distribution at various scales. These works bring new elements into the debate about the relative role of these processes. The primary impact of the basin morphology highlighted by these works goes against the dominant literature in which the production and preservation of OM conceal the other factors. Both of these processes obviously play an important role in the distribution of organic-rich layers, but their setting are entirely dependent on the basin morphology. All this work highlights the need to widen the debate for a better understanding of the source rock global distribution, by using the same modelling approach with others organic-rich intervals, others palaeogeographic contexts and for others kind of kerogens
Bruneau, Benjamin. "Modélisation numérique de la sédimentation organique : réévaluation des processus gouvernant sa distribution au Jurassique inférieur en Europe." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066293/document.
Full textMarine source-rocks have heterogeneities both in their distribution and quality over time and space. The deposition of these organic-rich sediments and their variations are complex phenomena resulting from the convergence of several processes which were the subject of many studies. However, the debate on their relative roles and impacts remains strong. The evolution of numerical modelling tools now allows a quantitative approach and new studies about the interaction between these processes. Because of their general context and the presence of several source-rocks, the Lower Jurassic sedimentary basins of Europe are an ideal case to characterize the processes governing the distribution of organic matter (OM). This thesis present the study and the numerical modelling of these basins which allowed to determine the relative influence of the control factors of the OM distribution at various scales. These works bring new elements into the debate about the relative role of these processes. The primary impact of the basin morphology highlighted by these works goes against the dominant literature in which the production and preservation of OM conceal the other factors. Both of these processes obviously play an important role in the distribution of organic-rich layers, but their setting are entirely dependent on the basin morphology. All this work highlights the need to widen the debate for a better understanding of the source rock global distribution, by using the same modelling approach with others organic-rich intervals, others palaeogeographic contexts and for others kind of kerogens
Sabriana, Ortega Georgia Irai. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour la détermination de l’isotopie du plomb et des éléments traces dans des produits pétroliers (huile, asphaltène, kérogène, roche mère). Application à la datation de la génération du pétrole et de la déposition de la roche mère dans un bassin pétrolier." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3043/document.
Full textTiming crude oil generation and source rock deposition provides important clues in petroleum prospection. In this work, different analytical procedures were developed for trace metals and Pb isotope ratio were determination crude oils and related products. These analytical strategies were then used, for the first time, to assess the applicability of the U-Th-Pb geochronometers for timing source rock deposition age and crude oil generation in the Illinois Basin. Ages determined are in good agreement with those predicted by geological numerical models, demonstrating the potential of these geochronometers to study the history of hydrocarbons formation and to find new hydrocarbon sources
Michels, Raymond. "Étude expérimentale de l'influence de la pression d'effluents et de la pression d'eau sur les mécanismes de maturation thermique de la matière organique." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10056.
Full textNzoussi, Mbassani Pierre. "LE CENOMANO-TURONIEN DE L'ATLANTIQUE NORD (BASSIN DU SENEGAL): ENVIRONNEMENT DE DEPOT ET EVOLUTION DIAGENETIQUE." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004602.
Full textLes conditions de genèse et d'accumulation des hydrocarbures ont fait l'objet d'une modélisation 2D. La genèse a débuté vers la fin du Crétacé et l'expulsion à l'Eocène. La tectonique post-rift a permis le développement de structures en "Rollover". Des hydrocarbures ont pu s'y piéger après migration suivant les failles normales.
Sinak, Sokrat. "Influence comparée de la pédogenèse et des pratiques agricoles sur la fertilité phosphorique des sols." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL108N.
Full textCavelan, Amélie. "Rôle de la maturité thermique et des propriétés chimiques de la matière organique sédimentaire dans la structuration du réseau poral d'argilites pétroligènes à gaz." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3008.
Full textThe quality of mudstone reservoirs is closely dependent on the volume and the arrangement of the pore system as they control both the pathways for hydrocarbon flow and their storage capacity. It is thus primordial to identify the factors at the origin of this porosity. It has been well documented that thermal maturation of OM with burial is the main factor controlling the development of OM-hosted pores in organic-rich mudstones. Relationship between maturity and porosity is however, not always clear and contradictions exist between pore evolution models suggesting the influence of other factors such as the OM content and composition. The objective of this work was therefore, to investigate how the geochemical composition of the OM and its thermal degradation processes during maturation influence the development and the evolution of the porosity of organic-rich source rocks. This work was carried out on natural organic-rich mudstones selected from the “Kimmeridge-Clay- formation (KCF)” (UK) and the “Vaca Muerta-formation” (Argentina). To this end, the variations of the OM composition with increasing thermal maturity were assessed by different techniques (maceral and palynofacies analyses, Rock Eval pyrolysis, GC/MS, GC-TCD) and brought into relationship with the variations of the structure and the porosity observed (SEM, TEM) and quantified (nitrogen adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry, small angle X-ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy) in the bulk rock and/or the isolated kerogen. Thermal maturation experiments of KCF mudstones compared with natural analogues, show that the OM thermal degradation processes are, indeed, responsible for significant changes in porosity, and plays a major role in the organic-rich source rocks pores development. These variations are closely tied with the formation of OM-hosted pores, which became the major contributor to the porosity in thermally matured rocks in response to the production of oil and gas. Our TEM studies show that these processes are accompanied by a progressive variation of the kerogen and residual bitumen structure at the nanoscopic scale. Nevertheless, this study reveals for the first time that slight differences of the OM composition between samples can strongly influenced the ability of the rock to form and preserve pores from compaction leading to different pore evolution models. Hence, contrary to what is generally accepted in the literature, these results show that the ability of the studied mudstones to preserve pores strongly decreases with the increase of the amount of the hydrocarbons gases generated during maturation and thus, with the original OM oil generation potential. Finally, comparison between the two series of laboratory thermal maturation using different temperature-duration pairs show that the increase of the duration of the experiments lead to variations of the composition of bitumen and gas. These factors have however a very limited influence on the OM thermal degradation processes and pore development. These results, compared with natural samples, show that the influence of the kinetic of thermal degradation processes on porosity are very weak. Our results should thus be applied to natural gas shale systems
Pierson-Wickmann, Anne-Catherine. "Le cycle de l'osmium et du rhénium pendant l'érosion himalayenne." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_PIERSON-WICKMANN_A.pdf.
Full textThis study allowed determination of the Os isotopic compositions of the three major Himalayan formations (TSS, HHC, LH), based on both source rocks and river sediments, which represent the erosional products of Himalayan erosion. The High Himalayan formations (TSS+HHC) have ¹⁸⁷0s/¹⁸⁸0s ratios (0. 9 to 1. 6) similar to that of average continental crust. In contras t, the LH includes very radiogenic Os isotopic ratios, found in black shales and some carbonates. River sediments are mixtures of three components: High Himalayan silicates, LH black shales and LH carbonates. Sediments from the Brahmaputra are less radiogenic than those from the Ganga, due to either the addition of an ophiolitic fraction or the absence of detrital carbonates in, the sediments. The origin of the radiogenic Os isotopic compositions in LH carbonates is related to Himalayan metamorphism which mobilized Re and radiogenic Os from black shales and redistributed it in carbonates. Alteration at low temperature was studied in soil profiles. The concentrations of Re and Os, as well as the Os isotopic ratios, do not vary with depth. Nevertheless, an important loss of Re and Os occurs during the earlier stages of alteration, during the passage from source rock to saprolith. Sediments from the Bengal Fan show that Himalayan erosion is the major source of detritic material, especially in the active fan. In the rest of the Bay of Bengal, the Himalayan source may be masked by secondary sources, such as the erosion of the Indo-Burman range or the Sri Lanka. There is no evidence for significant loss of Os during sediment transport or after deposition in the Fan. This implies that the contribution of Himalayan erosion to seawater is limited to that carried in dissolved form, which is not nearly sufficient to explain the increase of the ¹⁸⁷0s/¹⁸⁸0s seawater ratio during the past 16 Ma
Bigorre, François. "Influence de la pédogenèse et de l'usage des sols sur leurs propriétés physiques : mécanismes d'évolution et éléments de prévision." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10239.
Full textAtmani, Léa. "Study of organic matter decomposition under geological conditions from replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0104/document.
Full textIn deep underground, organic residues decompose into a carbonaceous porous solid, called kerogen and a fluid usually composed of hydrocarbons and other small molecules such as water, carbon monoxide. The formation process of the kerogen remains poorly understood. Modeling its geological maturation could widen the understanding of both structure and composition of kerogen, and could be useful to oil and gas industry.In this work we adopt a purely thermodynamic approach in which we aim, through molecular simulations, at determining the thermodynamic equilibrium corresponding to the decomposition of given organic precursors of a specific type of kerogen –namely type III- under reservoir conditions. Starting from cellulose and lignin crystal structures we use replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations, using the reactive force field ReaxFF and the open-source code LAMMPS. The REMD method is a way ofovercoming large free energy barriers, by enhancing the configurational sampling of a conventional constant temperature MD using states from higher temperatures.At the end of the simulations, we have reached for both systems, a stage where they can clearly be cast into two phases: a carbon-rich phase made of large molecular clusters that we call here the "solid" phase, and a oxygen and hydrogen rich phase made of small molecules that we call "fluid" phase.The evolution of solid parts for both systems and the natural evolution of a type III kerogen clearly match. Evolution of our systems follows the one of natural samples, as well as the one of a type III kerogen submitted to an experimental confined pyrolysis
Thuo, Peter. "Stratigraphic, petrographic and diagenetic evaluation of Cretaceous-Paleogene potential reservoir sandstones of Western Turkana, Kenya : implications on the petroleum potential of Northwestern Kenya." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2048.
Full textBecause they offer the oldest and longest-lived sedimentary basins and they are a cross-over area between Cenozoic and Cretaceous rifts, the Northern (NKR) and Central (CKR) Kenya Rifts are among the most important areas of the East African Rift for hydrocarbon prospecting. During the 70s and 80s, the interest of oil companies focussed in the Turkana depression and the northeastern region of Kenya. Seismic reflection surveys and several exploration wells allowed the identification of several deep buried basins: 1) In the NKR, 3 strings of N-S oriented half-grabens, the oldest known basins being of Cretaceous(?)-Paleogene to middle Miocene age; 2) In the CKR, two N-S half-grabens, the Baringo Basin (Paleogene-Present) and the Kerio Basin (Paleogene-upper Miocene). All basins are filled by up to 8-km thick of alluvial, fluvio-deltaic or lacustrine sediments and volcanics of late Eocene to Neogene age. New sedimentological studies have focussed on reservoir/source rock quality in several of these basins. In terms of hydrocarbon potential, arkosic sandstones in CKR/NKR such as the Lapur Sandstone Formation or the Muruanachok Sandstone Formation demonstrate a good reservoir quality with porosity up to 25 %. Strong changes in terms of diagenetic alteration relate to deformation events (burial/uplift) or change in sediment source. High quality source rocks relate to freshwater lake environments under tropical climate. Such environments have been identified during Cretaceous-Paleogene in the NKR and lower Neogene in the CKR and can be envisaged to occur in basins of same age that are highly under-explored