Journal articles: 'Rock climbing'

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Hansen, Ken, and Melissa Parker. "Rock Climbing." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 80, no. 2 (February 2009): 17–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2009.10598278.

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Rossiter, Penelope. "Rock Climbing." Space and Culture 10, no. 2 (May 2007): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331206298546.

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Haas, Jennifer C., and Michael C. Meyers. "Rock Climbing Injuries." Sports Medicine 20, no. 3 (September 1995): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199520030-00006.

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Rooks, Michael D. "Rock Climbing Injuries." Sports Medicine 23, no. 4 (April 1997): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199723040-00005.

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Trioka, Muhammad Edo, Martiani Martiani, and Azizatul Banat. "Analysis of Wall Climbing Extracurricular Management (Artificial Rock Climbing) at Mahira Alam School, Kota Bengkulu." SINAR SPORT JOURNAL 1, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53697/ssj.v1i2.199.

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This study aims to: 1) analyze the management of extracurricular wall climbing (artificial rock climbing) at the Alam MAHIRA school in Bengkulu City. 2) analyze the planning of extracurricular wall climbing (artificial rock climbing) management at the MAHIRA Nature School, Bengkulu City. 3) analyze the organization in the management of extracurricular wall climbing (artificial rock climbing) at the MAHIRA Nature School, Bengkulu City. 4) analyzing the implementation in the management of extracurricular wall climbing (artificial rock climbing) at the MAHIRA Nature School Bengkulu City. 5) analyzing supervision in the management of extracurricular wall climbing (artificial rock climbing) at the MAHIRA Nature School, Bengkulu City. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. Descriptive research is aimed at finding the elements, characteristics, characteristics of a phenomenon. The subjects in this study involved the principal, student representatives, wall climbing trainers (artificial rock climbing), wall climbing athletes (artificial rock climbing) at the MAHIRA Natural School Bengkulu City. The data sources to be used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is the result of informal interviews while secondary data is in the form of documents and observations. Data collection techniques used in this study using observation techniques, interviews, documentation. From the results of the analysis, it was found that from meetings 1-8, it was concluded that the results of the observation of wall climbing extracurricular activities (artificial rock climbing) at the MAHIRA Nature School Bengkulu City had been carried out very well.

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Qianru, Cui, and Li Yuan. "Economic driving force: An Analysis of Rock Climbing Tourism in developed countries." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 03033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125103033.

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Rock climbing tourism has been valuable for the sustainable development of the rural outdoor economy in developed countries, which is one of the important trends of rock climbing development. The present study reviews the literature and performs comparative analysis to analyze the development status and experience characteristics of rock climbing tourism in developed countries. Research shows: In developed countries such as Britain, the United States, Germany, France, the climbing population continues to grow, and the rock climbing tourism industry has gradually become an important economic driving force to promote the development of rural and mountainous areas. By clarifying the main characteristics of developed countries in the development of rock climbing tourism, this paper aims to provide reference for the development of rock climbing tourism in developing countries and promote the sustainable development of rock climbing tourism industry.

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Liu, Mingxing, Zhenhua Liu, Shumin Zhang, and Wenge Yang. "Application of Virtual Reality for Teaching Rock Climbing in Colleges Using Big Data." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (August 3, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6531823.

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Since rock climbing was added to the Olympic Games, nations around the globe have started to pay more attention to the instruction of rock climbing and have established it as a program in colleges and universities to train college students and adolescents, who make up the majority of rock climbers. However, there are many problems faced while teaching rock climbing in colleges and universities, such as no standardized teaching materials, short teaching time, and cumbersome teaching content, which are few to mention. As a result, students can only master the basic methods and techniques of climbing on rock while studying at colleges and institutions, and their climbing ability cannot be improved. Most of the current college’s rock climbing teachers only pay attention to the technical problems. The correct methodology of teaching is a vital factor for student’s guidance. To overcome these issues, this research demonstrates the virtual reality in classroom instruction; this has the potential to improve the impact and standard of collegiate rock climbing. The authors focus on the concept of virtual reality technology, technical characteristics, virtual reality system composition, and virtual reality modeling and apply the theory and technology to college rock climbing teaching for building a teaching model basis on virtual reality in this research paper. This model is applied to college rock climbing teaching, and the experimental group and the control group are set to analyze the students’ interest in rock climbing teaching. The comparison demonstrates that employing virtual reality technology dramatically increases the experimental group students’ enthusiasm in rock climbing education. Upon analyzing the students’ recognition rock climbing instruction in colleges and institutions, the result shows that 93.3% of the experimental group and 60% of the control group agree that the rock climbing course can motivate their own learning initiative and enthusiasm. When analyzing the motivation of students to learn rock climbing, the highest proportion is to get credit and recognition, the proportion of which is 35.6%.

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Yeste-Lizán, Pablo, Miguel Gomez-Heras, Manuel García-Rodríguez, Raúl Pérez-López, Luis Carcavilla, and Jose A. Ortega-Becerril. "Surface Mechanical Effects of Wildfires on Rocks in Climbing Areas." Fire 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6020046.

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Wildfires are widely recognized as a cause of mechanical damage to rocks. Nevertheless, previous research has neglected how wildfires might impact sport climbing areas. In Spain, two large wildfires affected two climbing areas between 2020 and 2021. This paper addresses the rock mechanical effects of wildfires that could lead to safety issues, such as rock falls, climbing hold deterioration, and climbing anchor damage. In this study, the Non-Destructive Techniques (NDTs) of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Schmidt Hammer (SH) were used, and two types of measurements were carried out: randomized grid measurements and measurements along the climbing routes. Two phenomena were recognized: (a) thermal breakdown and (b) mineralogical changes. The results of using the SH show a relationship between the decrease in the rebound value and the observed mechanical damage. Field observations showed mechanical weathering, such as cracking, spalling, granular disaggregation, and thermochemical weathering with different temperature thresholds. Observed thermochemical reactions included reddening, CaCO3 calcination, rock decomposition, and quartz cracking. The set of changes involves a major rock outcrop transformation and an acceleration of fire-induced weathering processes. Both areas exhibited more effects at the bottom of the wall. Furthermore, in this paper, we explore how iconic climbing routes can be considered a form of cultural heritage and the consequences of their loss.

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Dietrich, Christopher. "Shoulder Injury - Rock Climbing." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-02371.

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Dietrich, Christopher. "Shoulder Injury - Rock Climbing." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200505001-02371.

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Christensen, G. A. "ANKLE INJURY - ROCK CLIMBING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 5 (May 2002): S243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-01365.

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Locker, Thomas, David Chan, and Sue Cross. "Factors Predicting Serious Injury in Rock-Climbing and Non???Rock-Climbing Falls." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 57, no. 6 (December 2004): 1321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000130609.23499.2f.

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Qiu, Xian Rong. "Research on the Value of Rock-Climbing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 2346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.2346.

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This article discussing the value of Rock-Climbing utilizes literature material method, the logical analytic method, induction and deduction methods. To raising people's understanding on Rock-Climbing, and promote more and more outdoor sports lovers involved into Rock-Climbing.

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Killian, RB, GS Nishimoto, and JC Page. "Foot and ankle injuries related to rock climbing. The role of footwear." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 88, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-88-8-365.

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Interest in rock climbing has grown dramatically over the past decade. Although considerable research has been conducted on upper-extremity injuries sustained during rock climbing, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of lower-extremity injuries and related biomechanics. The authors performed a retrospective investigation of rock-climbing injuries using a survey of 104 active rock climbers of varying levels of expertise. The results show that 81% of the respondents have suffered acute or chronic pain or associated pathology in the foot or ankle during or after climbing. The authors propose that this morbidity has biomechanical etiologies related to the common practice among rock climbers of wearing climbing shoes that are smaller than their street shoes.

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Appleby, Karen M., and Leslee A. Fisher. "“Female Energy at the Rock”: A Feminist Exploration of Female Rock Climbers." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 14, no. 2 (October 2005): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.14.2.10.

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Rock climbing has been traditionally defined as a “masculine” sport (Young, 1997). The experiences of women in this sport have rarely been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of high-level female rock climbers. Qualitative analysis of interviews with eight high-level female climbers (ages 19 to 30 years) revealed three general themes: (a) compliance to hegemonic gender norms, (b) questioning hegemonic gender norms, and (c) resisting hegemonic gender norms. A discussion and analysis of these themes suggests that these female rock climbers engaged in a process of negotiated resistance as they attained a climbing identity, gained acceptance into the climbing subculture, and increased performance in the sport of rock climbing.

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Mikutta, Christian, Eva Allenbach, and Christian Imboden. "Mental health in rock climbing." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 9, no. 2 (February 6, 2024): 061. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss061.

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Introduction Rock climbing is an increasingly popular sport in the alpine region. It consists of different disciplines such as sport climbing, trad climbing or bouldering. Besides the professionally organized Olympic disciplines of indoor lead/speed climbing and bouldering, there is a large number of athletes who participate in advanced outdoor climbing without professional supervision. Due to this, rock climbing is associated with specific risks and heterogenous attitudes towards risk-taking and management of emotional reactions such as fear. Rock climbing also contains some risk factors for mental health problems, such as the importance of the athlete’s weight and the possibility of traumatic situations. Methods We systematically reviewed the current literature using the keywords “rock climbing» and eating disorder, depression, drugs, anxiety disorder, psychosis, bipolar disorder, ADHD, personality traits, and psychology. Results From the initial findings, we included 29 papers in the review. Discussion We found that rock climbers are at increased risk for eating disorders. Furthermore, there was a surprisingly high number of athletes who practiced the sport while under the influence of drugs. Several models of risk-taking behavior and neurobiological stress reactions are discussed. Finally, rock climbers showed some risk of becoming addicted to the sport. Conclusion: There is a lack of evidence regarding the prevalence and risk factors of psychiatric diagnoses in rock climbers. Further research is needed to support these athletes.

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Spurrier, Stephen, Tom Allen, and Robyn A. Grant. "Investigating Foot Morphology in Rock Climbing Mammals: Inspiration for Biomimetic Climbing Shoes." Biomimetics 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010008.

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The sporting goods sector can serve as a proving ground for new technologies. We propose that climbing shoes are an excellent case study for showcasing a systematic approach to bio-inspired design. Foot adaptations to climbing have been described before in some animals and have even been incorporated into bio-inspired products. However, there has not yet been a systematic description of climbing adaptations in mammals, and especially in rock climbing species. We present a description of foot morphology in mammals and compare rock climbing species to those with other locomotion types. Our results show that rock climbing species in our sample had fewer digits and larger anterior pads than arboreal species. Rock climbing species often had hooves or, if they had foot pads, these were relatively smooth. These examples look a bit like current climbing shoe designs, perhaps suggesting convergent evolution. However, there was also variation, with rock climbing species having pads varying in shape, placement and texture. Much of this variation is likely to be dependent on the relatedness of species, with those that are more related having more similar feet. We suggest that incorporation of novel textures and compliant pads might be an interesting focus for future climbing shoe designs.

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Rickly, Jillian M. "The (re)production of climbing space: bodies, gestures, texts." cultural geographies 24, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474016649399.

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According to Lefebvre, space is not an absolute given, an empty and presumed starting point, but space is produced through human action. Furthermore, he contends, there is a material basis to the production of space – the ‘practical and fleshy body’. The body must be conceived as both active in the production of space and produced by space, and thereby subject to the determinants of that space. This article demonstrates the crucial role of the body in Lefebvre’s trialectic as it interrogates the embodied mobile practice of rock climbing, specifically sport climbing. First, it begins with an examination of the role of climbing bodies in the production of climbing space; put into practice by the perceived space of the rock, bodies shape and are shaped by this interaction. Second, it investigates the mechanisms that continue the production of climbing space off the rock face, as climbers communicate with practice-specific gestures and jargon. Third, it approaches climbing landscapes as texts, focusing on the production of representations of space as routes are inscribed on rock faces, transcribed into guidebooks and websites, and circulated among climbing media. Finally, considering landscape as a way of seeing forces the investigation to return, full-circle, to situate the ways bodies enact landscapes in relation to textual representations of space. As such, this article explores the relationality of individual climbing bodies, rock climbing communities, and climbing media in the (re)production of climbing space to demonstrate the complementarity of landscape–body and landscape-as-text perspectives in the social production of space.

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Rendueles, César. "Common-Pool Resources in Rock Climbing." Sociology of Sport Journal 32, no. 4 (December 2015): 436–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2014-0152.

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Sport climbing relies materially on the existence of routes equipped with bolts: vertical itineraries with anchors that allow climbers a safe ascent. Without bolting, sport climbing simply would not exist. In many countries, bolting is an altruistic individual activity that is usually neither organized nor regulated. Sport climbing bolting requires expensive hardware and sophisticated technical skills. However, equippers earn no money or prestige for this effort, which benefits many climbers. This paper develops a sociological approach to rock climbing bolting as a common-pool resource facing a deep crisis. In its early years, bolting was ruled by generalized reciprocity. The popularization of sport climbing quickly changed this framework. A small group of very active equippers has become net providers of public goods without compensation in economic or status terms.

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Mashuri, Hendra, M. Adam Mappaompo, and Didik Purwanto. "Analysis of energy requirements and nutritional needs of rock climbing athletes." Journal Sport Area 7, no. 3 (December 14, 2022): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2022.vol7(3).10886.

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Measuring the nutritional needs of rock climbing athletes can help athletes, coaches, and managers determine the portion of food and portion of the athlete's training. The purpose of this study is to determine the energy requirements and nutritional needs of FPTI rock climbing athletes in Buleleng Regency as recommendations for feeding. This research is a cross-sectional study that seeks to reveal quantitative variables and qualitative comments involving 12 rock climbing athletes. Data collection procedures by measurement of the nutritional needs of rock climbing athletes are carried out by providing an explanation of nutritional needs and measurement procedures, measuring BMI, calculating BMR and SDA, interviews for non-sports and sports physical activities, calculating total energy needs, determining food portions, and discussing the needs and eating of athletes per day. The calculation results show that the athlete's BMI is in the ideal category. The average energy requirement of athletes per day is 4568.45 calories. The average carbohydrate requirement for rock climbing athletes is 2741.07 calories or 685.27 grams. Energy needs that can be met by fat are 1142.11 calories or 126.9 grams. The energy requirement that can be supplied by protein is 685.27 calories or 171.32 grams. Rock climbing athletes require a diet with a rather low intake of protein and carbohydrates to keep body weight low. Adolescent rock climbing athletes must be careful in managing energy consumption which has an impact on growth and achievement.

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Fan, Chuyao, Yinqiu Zhang, Yuannan Zheng, Wallace C. Norwood, and Jin Wang. "Causes and Self-regulatory Mechanisms of Frustration: A Qualitative Exploration of Rock Climbers." Journal of Human Psychology 1, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2644-1101.jhp-20-3524.

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In recent years, rock climbing has become increasingly popular around the world. However, due to its challenging and competitive nature, it is common for rock climbers to encounter frustration. It leads to negative emotions, reducing participation, and withdrawal behavior, which requires effective self-regulation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the causes and self-regulatory mechanisms of frustration in rock climbing. Using qualitative methods, 15 rock climbers were interviewed, and 6 themes were identified by thematic analysis. Task comparison and social comparison are the main causes of frustration in rock climbing. The self-regulatory mechanism of task comparative frustration includes focusing on tasks and habitual reflection. The self-regulatory mechanism of social comparative frustration involves emotion regulation and changing goal orientation. It is suggested that future rock climbers, especially beginners, deal with frustration through the self-regulatory mechanisms that can help them enjoy and pursue rock climbing.

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Wierciński, Hubert. "Climbing heritage: The lines and aesthetics of rock climbing." Anthropology Today 37, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12676.

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Draper, Nick, Jorge Couceiro Canalejo, Simon Fryer, Tabitha Dickson, David Winter, Greg Ellis, Mike Hamlin, Jerry Shearman, and Chris North. "Reporting climbing grades and grouping categories for rock climbing." Isokinetics and Exercise Science 19, no. 4 (November 15, 2011): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ies-2011-0424.

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Heywood, Ian. "Climbing Monsters: Excess and Restraint in Contemporary Rock Climbing." Leisure Studies 25, no. 4 (October 2006): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614360500333911.

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Siegel, Shannon R., and Simon M. Fryer. "Rock Climbing for Promoting Physical Activity in Youth." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 11, no. 3 (July 22, 2015): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827615592345.

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Prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth has steadily increased over the last decade, although it appears to have currently stabilized. Physical inactivity is a major contributor to this obesity epidemic, and more than half of American youth do not meet physical activity recommendations. Rock climbing and bouldering require both aerobic and anaerobic fitness, with the metabolic cost comparable to moderate to vigorous physical activity in adults. Minimal data on youth climbers exist, yet climbing is extremely popular with youth, and thus the sport may be a viable option for decreasing the prevalence of obesity. Available data show that rock climbing can provide youth with muscular strength and endurance building exercise, and possibly improve flexibility. In addition, rock climbing has the potential to provide youth with moderate levels of physical activity according to recommended guidelines. Nine peer reviewed articles are included in this review, as these are the articles specifically associated with youth climbing and health-related fitness. Due to limited research in this area, no articles were excluded if they were related to health-related fitness and youth and rock climbing/bouldering. This review aims to systematically address the impact of rock climbing and bouldering on health-related fitness in youth.

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Michaelson, Dawn, Karla P. Teel, and Veena Chattaraman. "Assessing Rock Climbers’ Functional Needs in Climbing Pants." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 36, no. 4 (June 19, 2018): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x18783580.

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Researchers assessed climbers’ pants by investigating whether a pants’ style or brand preference exists among rock climbers, along with looking at fit, mobility, comfort, protection, and donning/doffing expectations for climbing pants using a mixed-methods design study. Active adult rock climbers, aged 19 or older, were conveniently sampled at two U.S. rock-climbing events and completed a questionnaire. The researchers found that rock climbers needed improvements in their pants’ fit, sizing options, and design in relation to the functions of mobility, comfort, protection, and durability. Additionally, climbers wanted pants that would not interfere with their rock-climbing techniques or equipment. Last, their pants should be affordable. Outdoor apparel manufacturers could improve their climbing pants’ designs by integrating this study’s results, leading to better protection of climbers’ bodies and fulfillment of their needs and expectations.

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Jebson, Peter J. L., and Curtis M. Steyers. "Hand Injuries in Rock Climbing." Physician and Sportsmedicine 25, no. 5 (May 1997): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.1997.05.1341.

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Ketchum, Chris. "Climbing at Red Rock Canyon." Colorado Review 49, no. 2 (June 2022): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/col.2022.0047.

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Nguyen, C. Thi. "The Aesthetics of Rock Climbing." Philosophers' Magazine, no. 78 (2017): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm20177875.

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Giles, Luisa V., Edward C. Rhodes, and Jack E. Taunton. "The Physiology of Rock Climbing." Sports Medicine 36, no. 6 (2006): 529–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636060-00006.

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Sheel, A. W. "Physiology of sport rock climbing." British Journal of Sports Medicine 38, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.008169.

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Martinoli, Carlo, Stefano Bianchi, and Anne Cotten. "Imaging of Rock Climbing Injuries." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 09, no. 04 (November 2005): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-923378.

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Maitland, Murray. "Injuries Associated with Rock Climbing." Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 16, no. 2 (August 1992): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1992.16.2.68.

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Yazdani, Arash, and George Walter Rankin. "Chronic Wrist Pain - Rock Climbing." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, Supplement (May 2007): S113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000273371.09080.05.

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Merritt, Andrew L., and Jerry I. Huang. "Hand Injuries in Rock Climbing." Journal of Hand Surgery 36, no. 11 (November 2011): 1859–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.08.020.

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Mitchell, DMR, and M. Pircher. "Testing of Rock Climbing Anchors." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 34, no. 5 (2006): 14117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte14117.

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Watts, Phillip B. "Physiology of difficult rock climbing." European Journal of Applied Physiology 91, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-003-1036-7.

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Buda, Roberto, Francesco Di Caprio, Letizia Bedetti, Massimiliano Mosca, and Sandro Giannini. "Foot Overuse Diseases in Rock Climbing." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 103, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1030113.

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Background: Literature examining the incidence of foot diseases in rock climbing is limited to traumatic injuries. We examined a large sample of climbers, assessed the chronic diseases of the foot, and correlated them with foot morphology, shoe type, and type of climbing practiced. Methods: Between May 1 and September 30, 2009, 144 climbers (mean age, 31.7 years) were examined to analyze the effect of rock climbing on the various foot diseases found at the time of the evaluation. Results: Eighty-six percent of the climbers were affected by a pathologic condition. Nail disease was found in 65.3% of patients, followed by recurrent ankle sprains (27.8%), retrocalcaneal bursitis (19.4%), Achilles tendinitis (12.5%), metatarsalgia (12.5%), and plantar fasciitis (5.6%). Male sex, the use of high-type shoes, the high degree of climbing difficulty, and the competitive level were often related to the onset of foot diseases. Climbing shoes are usually smaller than common footwear. This “shoe-size reduction” averaged 2.3 sizes, forcing the foot into a supinated and cavus posture that favors lateral instability. The posterior edge of the shoe aperture produces increased pressure on the heel, with retrocalcaneal bursitis. Conclusions: Overuse foot diseases related to rock climbing are particularly frequent and debilitating. Detailed knowledge of these diseases and their predisposing factors may help us implement effective preventive or therapeutic measures, including changes in the type of climbing, correction of body weight, degree of difficulty, footwear, orthoses, and measures that maximize the support of the foot to the ground. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(2): 113–120, 2013)

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Cutis, A., and S. R. Bollen. "Grip Strength and Endurance in Rock Climbers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 207, no. 2 (June 1993): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_275_02.

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The performance of competition climbers in laboratory-based tests of pinch and whole hand grip strength and endurance was compared to that of non-climbers of the same age, sex and physique. Climbers performed significantly better, indicating higher stresses acting in the flexor mechanism, possibly predisposing injury. Attempts were made to correlate the performance in the tests to climbing achievement, measured by current technical climbing standards. Although pinch grip strength increased with the length of climbing experience, there was no evidence that strength in the hands alone guarantees success in competition climbing.

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Shu, Jian Ping, Shi Ping Fu, and Xiao Yuan Wen. "Four Girls Mountains Savage Peak Climbing Theme Attractions Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 440 (October 2013): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.440.387.

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By the fieldwork method, describe the basic situation of the four girls mountains one peak, explores the savage peak climbing area construction. Results indicate that four girls mountains peaks of geographical conditions suitable for construction in rock climbing as the theme of tourist attractions, Can plan set low, medium level of rock climbing experience area, limit climbing, blundering area, Big rock point of the downhill, camp, viewing deck and tourists rest camps, etc. The camp content is rich and concentrated, With perfect scenic area security system protection as support, Can be used as the rock theme attractions of four maiden's mountain area, At the same time to enhance mountain guide, mountain rescue, mountain co-ordinator and other technical system to cultivate ideal training base.

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Adams, Matthew D., and Kamil Zaniewski. "Effects of recreational rock climbing and environmental variation on a sandstone cliff-face lichen community." Botany 90, no. 4 (April 2012): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-109.

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Lichen community composition was evaluated for both lichen cover and richness on a cliff face commonly used for recreational rock climbing. The sandstone outcrop is located on the Sibley Peninsula, which extends from the north shore of Lake Superior. One-hundred and twenty plots were examined. Each plot was 1 m2 in size, with 60 plots located on unclimbed cliff sections and 60 more located where recreational rock climbing regularly occurs. Lichen richness and cover were significantly lower on the rock climbing sections compared with unclimbed sections. Linear regression models indicated significant relationships with cover and richness to environmental response variables and climbing treatment. Detrended correspondence analysis indicated a separation of lichen community groups on this cliff, and major separations occurred between plots in each climbing treatment. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated a significant amount of community group variation between climbed and unclimbed locations related to climbing treatment and aspect of the plots. Climbing is found to have an impact on this sandstone cliff-face lichen community.

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Hartadji, Herdi, Amung Ma’mun, Yudy Hendrayana, and Tite Juliantine. "Sport Coaching and Development Policy: A Case Study in Rock Climbing Sports." Indonesian Journal of Sport Management 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/ijsm.v3i2.7671.

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This study aims to provide an idea to the government that the importance of rock climbing should be developed in every city / district. With the aim of the government, it must be able to develop a rockclimbing sport because rock climbing has many benefits for those who do it. Rock climbing is a sport that develops due to the large number of enthusiasts only to improve physical condition, psychology or enthusiasts in achieving achievements, improving the physical condition that can be achieved in rock climbing such as increased strength, power, flexibility, balance and hand eye coordination. Psychological improvement is seen from the increase in self-confidence, motivation and concentration. In the current decade, Indonesian rockclimbing athletes have made an extraordinary history because they have been able to compete with other countries in every championship / event by getting gold medals, for this sport infrastructure does not require expensive equipment or extensive field because this sport is only need a climbing wall and climbing equipment that the price is still affordable. This research method uses literature review. The articles used in this literature review are articles obtained using 3 databases of Taylor and Francis, Google Scholar and Science Direct which support the research. It is hoped that this research can provide a clear picture for the government in making rock climbing development policies in every city / district

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Nelson, Clayton E., Ghazi M. Rayan, Dustin I. Judd, Kai Ding, and Julie A. Stoner. "Survey of Hand and Upper Extremity Injuries Among Rock Climbers." HAND 12, no. 4 (December 27, 2016): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944716679600.

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Background: Rock climbing first evolved as a sport in the late 18th century. With its growing popularity, the number of rock climbing–related injuries has potential to increase, spurring a rise in the number of articles associated with it. Despite the available literature, there remains a paucity of information about upper extremity injuries sustained by rock climbers, and no studies to date have focused on gender-specific injuries. Methods: A 24-question online survey was distributed to rock climbers about upper extremity injuries sustained during rock climbing. Statistical analysis was used to study association between participants’ demographics and injuries. Results: A total of 397 participants responded to the survey. Mean age was 32.5 years with males comprising 85%. No significant differences in demographics or climbing behaviors were found between males and females. Ninety percent of participants reported sustaining an upper extremity injury. Fingers were the most common injury followed by shoulder/arm and elbow/forearm. Our study found females to be more likely to report a rock climbing–related injury, and more likely to undergo surgery for it. Conclusion: Female rock climbers were significantly more likely to report a shoulder/upper arm injury and were also more likely to report undergoing surgery compared with males, where these differences were not due to age or climbing behaviors. Further investigation is warranted into the association between shoulder injuries and female athletes to determine how the gender differences relate to extent of injury as well as health service utilization behaviors.

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Sa’adah, Nila Sur’atus, Bambang Budi Raharjo, and Ipang Ipang Setiawan. "Management in Sport Climbing." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 11 (November 28, 2023): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231159.

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Sports management in Indonesia is faced with a lack of adequate attention and investment in sports development. The budget allocated for sports development is still limited, including in terms of coaching athletes and improving sports facilities. This can make it difficult to achieve excellence in national competitions and develop the potential of high-achieving athletes. The Rock-Climbing Federation (FPTI) PENGCAB Jember district is experiencing quite serious problems in organizational management. This is evidenced by several elements of management that are not fulfilled, such as limited funds, multiple jobs in management, senior athletes changing residence, inadequate facilities and infrastructure. The aim of this research is to examine the management functions within FPTI PENGCAB Jember district as follows: Planning, Organizing, Mobilizing and Controlling. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The research objects in this study are organizational administrators, coaches and athletes. The data analysis process uses data triangulation 1) data reduction, 2) data presentation, and 3) drawing conclusions. Research findings include: 1) Management planning (FPTI) meets the categorization criteria, namely clear who, what, when, where and how to do it; 2) Organization and management (FPTI) meets the categorization criteria, namely comprehensive management, work mechanisms, no written job descriptions, and routine activities discussed at the beginning of the year; 3) Driving, management (FPTI) meets the categorization criteria, namely complete management, work mechanisms, and there are routine activities. The research conclusions show that: (1) Planning: management of the Indonesian rock-climbing federation is very good; (2) Organization: the management of the Indonesian rock-climbing sports federation is quite good; and (3) Actuating: the management of the Indonesian rock-climbing sports federation is quite good. (4) Control: The Indonesian Rock-Climbing Sports Association is running quite well. Keywords: Sport Climbing, Sports management, Indonesian rock-climbing

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Meyers, Rachel N., Morgan N. Potter, Steven Hobbs, and Aaron Provance. "FINGER STRESS FRACTURES IN YOUTH ELITE ROCK CLIMBERS." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 3_suppl (March 1, 2019): 2325967119S0006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00065.

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Background: With the inclusion of climbing in the 2020 Olympics, the number of adolescent competitors is on the rise. For the first time in competition history, the 2020 Olympic format requires every climber to compete in a combined format of all three disciplines: bouldering, sport climbing, and speed climbing. For speed climbing specifically, every competitor must compete on the International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC) speed wall. Epiphyseal stress fractures to the middle phalanx, also known as growth plate injuries, are almost exclusive to adolescent climbers, and the most common climbing injury in adolescent competitors. A2 pulley ruptures are the most common injury in skeletally mature climbers. There is a paucity of research on youth-specific climbing injuries and no previous research on perceptions of adolescent rock climbers about youth-specific climbing injuries. There is also no previous research that examines the correlation between epiphyseal stress fractures and speed climbing. Purpose: To examine the awareness, perceptions, and training practices of youth-specific climbing injuries and risk factors amongst elite, adolescent rock climbers. Methods: We surveyed elite adolescent rock climbers, ages 8-18, competing in the 2017 USA Climbing Sport and Speed National Championships. Subjects answered questions on their knowledge and awareness of the most common youth climbing injury and safe training practices. Chi Square, one-way ANOVAs, and Bonferroni post hoc tests identified misperceptions about youth climbing injuries and the safe age to start double dyno campusing, a climbing-specific training exercise. Risk ratios were used to make accuracy comparisons between adolescent competitors who self-reported as injury “informed” and “uninformed.” A Fisher’s Exact test was used to determine if training regularly on the IFSC speed wall correlated with self-reported stress fractures. Results: 267 climbers completed the survey (mean age =13.99±2.66 SD, 51.9% male, 48.1% female). The adult-specific A2 pulley injury was erroneously reported by the subjects to be the most common youth climbing injury, with an average ranking of 3.09±2.20 SD 95% confidence interval (CI) on a scale of 1 (most common) to 8 (least common). Growth plate injury to the finger ranked second most common, with an average ranking of 4.0±2.22. These rankings were significantly different (p<0.0001). Only 5.7% of climbers correctly reported the safe age to start double dyno campus board training, a risk factor for growth plate injuries. 48.9% of climbers reported they were aware of growth plate injuries to the finger; yet only 24.5% of these climbers correctly identified the injuries exclusively as stress fractures. 73.5% overall reported growth plate finger injuries to either be a type of A2 pulley injury or did not know. Growth plate injuries were significantly more common among adolescent climbers who trained regularly on the IFSC speed wall (Risk Ratio 1.34 – 13.94, p=0.02). Conclusion: Adolescent climbers are prone to characterizing skeletally immature climbing-specific injuries as A2 pulley injuries seen in skeletally mature climbers. Training regularly on the IFSC speed wall appears to be an additional risk factor for epiphyseal stress fractures. As climbing enters the 2020 Olympics, addressing misperceptions will help athletes, parents, and coaches understand the risk for stress fractures and guide adolescent climbers and parents to seek medical attention when appropriate. Educating youth, coaches, and parents about finger injuries may reduce the incidence of stress fractures and the potential for permanent finger deformity and loss of function. [Table: see text][Figure: see text][Table: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

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Rahayu, W., Suwarni Suwarni, and Martiani Martiani. "Level Of Skilling Skills Speed Classic Categories Nature Living Students Dehasen University Bengkulu." Sinar Sport Journal 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53697/ssj.v1i1.84.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the level of rock climbing ability in the speed classic category of wall climbing. The subjects of this research are students who love nature at the Dehasen Bengkulu University. which amounted to 20 students where the fastest time for male students was 11.43 seconds while the fastest time for girls was 14.14 seconds. rock climbing ability in the speed classic category. Dehasen Bengkulu University students, as many as 2 students (10%) had a "very good" category, 5 students (25%) had a "good" category, 8 students (40%) had a "fairly good" category. , 3 students (15%) have a "less" category, and 2 students (10%) have a "very poor" category. The highest frequency was in the "good enough" category, namely 8 students (40%) so it can be concluded that the level of rock climbing ability in the speed classic category of students at the University of Dehasen Bengkulu using the climbing speed test was "good enough". The frequency of exercise which is approximately twice a week is still not enough to improve rock climbing ability in the speed classic category. This is because in training, of course there are programs from trainers that emphasize more on techniques and strategies in climbing without looking at students' abilities.

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MacKenzie, Robert, Linda Monaghan, Robert A. Masson, Alice K. Werner, Tansinee S. Caprez, Lynsey Johnston, and Ole J. Kemi. "Physical and Physiological Determinants of Rock Climbing." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0901.

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Purpose: Rock climbing performance relies on many characteristics. Herein, the authors identified the physical and physiological determinants of peak performance in rock climbing across the range from lower grade to elite. Methods: Forty four male and 33 female climbers with onsight maximal climbing grades 5a–8a and 5a–7b+, respectively, were tested for physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics (independent variables) that were correlated and modeled by multiple regression and principal component analysis to identify the determinants of rock climbing ability. Results: In males, 23 of 47 variables correlated with climbing ability (P < .05, Pearson correlation coefficients .773–.340), including shoulder endurance, hand and finger strength, shoulder power endurance, hip flexibility, lower-arm grip strength, shoulder power, upper-arm strength, core-body endurance, upper-body aerobic endurance, hamstrings and lower-back flexibility, aerobic endurance, and open-hand finger strength. In females, 10 of 47 variables correlated with climbing ability (P < .05, Pearson correlation coefficients .742–.482): shoulder endurance and power, lower-arm grip strength, balance, aerobic endurance, and arm span. Principal component analysis and univariate multiple regression identified the main explanatory variables. In both sexes, shoulder power and endurance measured as maximum pull-ups, average arm crank power, and bent-arm hang, emerged as the main determinants (P < .01; adjusted R2 = .77 in males and .62 in females). In males, finger pincer (P = .07) and grip strength also had trends (P = .09) toward significant effects. Finally, in test-of-principle training studies, they trained to increase main determinants 42% to 67%; this improved climbing ability 2 to 3 grades. Conclusions: Shoulder power and endurance majorly determines maximal climbing. Finger, hand, and arm strength, core-body endurance, aerobic endurance, flexibility, and balance are important secondary determinants.

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Shuba, L. V., V. V. Shuba, and V. O. Shuba. "Climbing as an innovative approach to the training of future specialists in physical culture and sports." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 9(169) (September 15, 2023): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.9(169).32.

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The state of professional readiness for activity when using rock climbing in extracurricular time was determined based on the analysis of scientific and methodological literature and questionnaires of future specialists in physical culture and sports. Important aspects for specialists in physical culture and sports are a high level of professional training, the ability to combine theoretical and practical aspects, constant replenishment of knowledge and improvement of skills and abilities using the latest technologies and other approaches Rock climbing is a strategic sport that involves active awareness of body position and strategic placement of arms and legs to move from one foothold to another. Such body awareness training develops fine motor skills and eye- motor coordination. Also, on the basis of the questionnaire, the students' motivation for climbing was determined. The goal is to justify the need to use rock climbing for extracurricular work in the professional training of future specialists in physical education and sports. Methods: analysis of scientific and methodological sources and Internet resources, study of advanced and generalization of personal pedagogical experience, questionnaires. Research results. Surveys of students revealed that the majority of respondents, 81%, consider it necessary to study a sport such as rock climbing for better professional training. Only 27% can use the elements of this sport. Due to the fact that rock climbing has a positive effect on the appearance and promotes the development of physical abilities, 64% of high school students would enjoy climbing. The data obtained in this way indicate that the chosen topic is relevant and timely.

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Maples, James, and Michael Bradley. "Outdoor Recreation and Rural Transitions in Central Appalachia: Revisiting the Economic Impact of Rock Climbing in Kentucky’s Red River Gorge." Journal of Economic Impact 3, no. 3 (December 24, 2021): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei3032108.

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Kentucky’s Red River Gorge is a popular rock climbing destination located amid longstanding poverty in America’s Central Appalachian region. Climbing represents an important part of the outdoor recreation economy and may provide one alternative to mono-economic extractive industry dependency in this region. This study examines the economic impact of climbing in the Red utilizing an online survey of rock climbers and economic impact methodology. The survey examines expenditures in lodging, food purchases, travel, retail purchases, and services. The survey also collected visitation and demographics data. The authors estimate climbers spend $8.7 million annually (up from $3.8 million in 2015) and support over 100 jobs in some of the poorest counties in the region and nation. The study reiterates previous findings indicating climbers are well-educated with incomes higher than those typically found in this region. The study’s results help reframe the value of climbing’s economic impact in rural transitional economies throughout Central Appalachia. These findings also raise policy implications regarding public land access and reducing climber environmental impacts on public lands.

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BATYRBEKOV, Nurzhan, Tatyana IMANGULOVA, Anastassiya GUBARENKO, Madina ABDIKARIMOVA, and Dinara YESSIMOVA. "PROMISING DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS TOURISM IN THE ALMATY REGION USING THE EXAMPLE OF ROCK CLIMBING." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 44, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 1418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.44429-961.

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The aim of the study was the process of studying the phenomenon of rock climbing development as one of the promising areas of sports tourism in the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which has a wide range of tourist resources systematically involved in various types of tourism. The research method was a large-scale, extended analysis of the tourist attractiveness of the region, and thus defined the most popular tourism destinations, as well as the persistent association of the Almaty region with mountain and foothill terrain, sports tourism and rock climbing. As a result of the research, the authors have formed a clear understanding of rock climbing as one of the promising areas for the development of sports tourism, which is currently becoming increasingly popular among both the local population and tourists of different ages. Sports tourism, rock climbing on natural and artificial (specially created) terrain, requires significant resource provision with respect to both the rock climbing sites, and professional personnel in the field of tourism who possess competencies in the field of sports tourism, ensuring the implementation of this tourist service. The results of the research presented in this article are based on the professional activities of the authors and allow them to have a qualitative impact on the process of training the sports tourism personnel, and contribute to the development of different-level routes for tourists wishing to engage in rock climbing, expand the involvement of tourists and contribute to the development of touristic attractiveness of the regions of the country.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rock climbing'

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