Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rock composition

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Rock composition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Rock composition"

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Nule, H. C., N. Egesi, and J. N. Onwualu-John. "Petrography of basement rocks in parts of Ikom and Iso – Bendeghia, Southeastern Nigeria." Scientia Africana 23, no. 3 (2024): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i3.41.

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The petrography of somepetrography of basement rocks in parts of Ikom and Iso – Bendeghia, in Cross Rivers State, Southeastern Nigeria were evaluated. The rock samples collected from the study area were subjected to field observation delineate the parameters for their field names and petrographic evaluation to decipher in common mineral composition of the rock samples. Thin sections were prepared from rock samples collected from the sample points in the area to estimate the percentage composition of minerals. This petrographic study was able to decipher rock type within the study area. The basement rocks found in the area include igneous rocks (pegmatites, granites, dolerites/basalts, charnockites) and the metamorphic rocks (schists, gneisses, granite gneiss, quartzites). The average modal composition of minerals in granite, pegmatites, dolerites, charnockites and gneiss was obtained from the modal composition of the rock samples. Some of the schistsfrom Iso – Bendeghia area were weathered rock bodies and the gneisses were mainly granite gneiss.
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Wang, Wei-(RZ), Geoffrey Clarke, Nathan R. Daczko, and Yue Zhao. "Modelling the partial melting of metasediments in a low-pressure regional contact aureole: the effect of water and whole-rock composition." Geological Magazine 156, no. 08 (2018): 1400–1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681800078x.

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AbstractLow-pressure regional aureoles with steep metamorphic field gradients are critical to understanding progressive metamorphism in high-temperature metasedimentary rocks. Delicately layered pelitic and psammitic metasedimentary rocks at Mt Stafford, central Australia, record a greenschist- to granulite-facies Palaeoproterozoic regional aureole, associated with S-type granite plutons, reflecting metamorphism in the range 500–800 °C and at ∼3 kbar. The rocks experienced minimal deformation during metamorphism and partial melting. Partial melting textures evolve progressively along the steep metamorphic field gradient from the incipient stages of melting marked by cuspate grains with low dihedral angles, to melt proportions sufficient to form diatexite with schollen. Phase equilibria modelling in the NCKFMASHTO system for pelitic, semi-pelitic and high- and low-ferromagnesian psammitic samples quantitatively illustrates the dependence of partial melting on rock composition and water volume. Pelitic compositions are more fertile than psammitic compositions when the water content in the rocks is low, especially during the early stages of melting. The whole-rock ferromagnesian component additionally influences melt fertility, with ferromagnesian-rich psammite being more fertile than psammite with a lower ferromagnesian component. Subtle variations in free water content can result in obvious changes in melt volume but limited variation in melt composition. Distinct melting histories of pelitic and psammitic rocks inferred from field relationships may be partially attributed to potential differences in water volume retained to super-solidus conditions. Melt composition is more dependent on the rock composition than the variation in water content.
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Pavlov, S. Kh. "Structural features and formation processes of a complex hydrogeochemical section in the Baikal rift zone." Earth sciences and subsoil use 44, no. 2 (2021): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-2-159-166.

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The purpose of the work is to study the effect of organic matter on the formation of ion-salt and gas composition of nitrogen-methane and methane thermal water occurring in the sedimentary rocks of deep horizons of artesian basins. The object of research is the Tunka intermountain artesian basin of the Baikal rift zone and the Tungor gas and oil field of the Okhotsk-Sakhalin basin, in the deep horizons of which soda (inversion) low- and high-mineralized groundwater is common. The study combines the results of the traditional study of the composition of natural solutions and the quantitative research of physical and chemical interactions in the “water – rock” system conducted using the Selector software package according to the degree of the hydrogeochemical process, which was set by the value of the rock/water ratio. Chemically pure water and rocks of medium chemical composition were used in interaction. With the use of physicochemical modeling the formation of thermal water composition in sedimentary rocks depending on the interaction degree between water and rock and the amount of organic matter was unravelled. As a result, it was determined that the organic matter present in the rock has the dominant influence on the intensity of the hydrogeochemical process determining the amount of mineralization, the ratio of components, and the amount of methane, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide produced. The correspondent compositions of the model and natural solutions showed the possibility to form low- and high-mineralized sodium bicarbonate groundwater of different gas-saturation degree in the conditions of deep horizons of sedimentary basins due to the internal reserves of the “water – rock” system not involving any components from external sources.
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Yurchenko, A. V., Sh K. Baltybaev, Yu R. Volkova, and E. S. Malchushkin. "MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION, METAMORPHIC PARAMETERS AND PROTOLITHS OF GRANULITES FROM THE LARBA BLOCK OF THE DZHUGDZHUR-STANOVOY FOLD AREA." Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya 43, no. 2 (2024): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30911/0207-4028-2024-43-2-20-39.

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The article focuses on the issues related to the primary nature and metamorphism of gneisses from the Larba block of the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy fold area, which are based on the study of the mineralogical composition of supracrustal rocks. PT-parameters for the highest temperature and pressure metamorphic transformations of rocks of the Larba block are estimated as P = 6.5–8.5 kbar and T > 800°C. Relatively low-temperature garnet-biotite, garnet-biotite-chlorite mineral parageneses were formed at the regressive stage of metamorphism at ~4–6 kbar and temperatures up to 500–600°C. Wide variations in paragneiss compositions indicate that protoliths of the studied gneisses differed in composition. Overall, Larba metasedimentary rocks had weakly and moderately weathered source areas. Most of the compositions of paragneisses are localized in the field of chlorite-montmorillonite, montmorillonite-kaolinite-hydromica and chlorite clays formed from the mafic substrate. Low alkalinity in combination with a high MgO content indicates the presence of rock erosion products with a significant admixture of basic volcanic material in the detrital material. Migmatization of rocks is the most significant factor distorting the reconstruction of the original rock composition.
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Simon, Laurent, Christophe Lécuyer, and Thibaut Putelat. "The calculation of water-rock ratios using trace element (Li, B) stable isotopes." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio AAA – Physica 71 (February 23, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/aaa.2016.71.79.

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The amount of aqueous fluids circulating into the oceanic crust can be estimated using mass balance equations based on stable isotope exchange between rock and water. Unlike oxygen and strontium, isotopic exchange of trace elements (such as B or Li) between fluids and rocks, operates along with a chemical evolution of the rocks (e.g. a large enrichment of B or Li) that must be integrated into any model of water-rock interaction. We propose a general dimensionless mass balance equation for single-pass open systems that describes the equilibrium elemental distribution and the isotopic composition of reacting rocks as a function of the amount of circulating water. Water-rock ratios calculated from B compositions of hydrothermally-altered basalts range from 8 to 100. They are lower than those previously published (most W/R > 300) but comparable to those inferred from Sr isotope ratios measured in the same samples (3 < W/R < 30). Similar low water-rock ratios from 2 to 20 are calculated from Li isotope compositions of altered basalts and serpentinized peridotites.
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Krivolutskaya, Nadezhda, Sheida Makvandi, Bronislav Gongalsky, Irina Kubrakova, and Natalia Svirskaya. "Chemical Characteristics of Ore-Bearing Intrusions and the Origin of PGE–Cu–Ni Mineralization in the Norilsk Area." Minerals 11, no. 8 (2021): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080819.

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The composition of the parental magmas of Cu–Ni deposits is crucial for the elucidation of their genesis. In order to estimate the role of magma in ore formation, it is necessary to compare the compositions of silicate rock intrusions with different mineralization patterns, as observed in the Norilsk region. The rock geochemistry of two massifs located in the same Devonian carbonate rocks—the Kharaelakh intrusion, with its world-class platinum-group element (PGE)–Cu–Ni deposit, and the Pyasinsky-Vologochansky intrusion, with its large deposit—was studied. Along with these massifs, the Norilsk 2 massif with noneconomic mineralization intruded in the Ivakinskaya-Nadezhdinskaya basalts was studied as well. Their settings allow the estimation of the parental magma composition, taking into account the possible assimilation of host rocks. Analyses of 39 elements in 97 samples demonstrated the similarity of the intrusions in terms of their major components. The Pyasinsky-Vologochansky intrusion contains the highest trace element contents compared with the Kharaelakh and Norilsk 2 massifs, evidencing its crystallization from evolved parental magma. No influence of host rocks on the silicate rock compositions was found, except for narrow (1–2 m) endo-contact zones. There is no correlation between the mineralization volume and the rock compositions of the studied intrusions. It is assumed that the intrusions were formed from one magma crustal source irregularly rich in sulfur (S). This source inhomogeneity in terms of the sulfur distribution resulted in deposits of varying sizes. The magmas served as a transporting agent for sulfides from deep zones to the surface.
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Sastrawiharja, Khumaedi, Satria Bijaksana, Umar Fauzi, and Linus Ampang Pasasa. "Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility and Elemental Compositions in Andesitic Rocks." Indonesian Journal of Physics 19, no. 1 (2016): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.1.3.

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Igneous rocks, including andesites, are composed of these major elements: Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P. Variation in the composition of these elements, which occur mostly as oxides, determines the overall physical properties of the rocks. Not surprisingly, classification of igneous rocks is also based on the quantity of these major oxides. In this study, elemental compositions of andesitic rocks from the Island of Java will be compared to the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) as a part of our effort to explore the possibility of using rock magnetic parameters in classifying igneous rocks. The objective is to check whether AMS parameters could serve as alternative to chemical analysis. To do so, we have measured the AMS and geochemical composition of andesitic rock samples from 10 different sites across Central Java and Yogyakarta. The results show that there are significant correlations between the abundance of certain elements with AMS parameters, for example, the abundance of Fe and Al with magnetic lineation and the abundance of Al with degree of anisotropy. These results show that magnetic parameters have a good change to be use as predictors for major elements composition in igneous rocks.
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van Ruitenbeek, Frank J. A., Jasper Goseling, Wim H. Bakker, and Kim A. A. Hein. "Shannon Entropy as an Indicator for Sorting Processes in Hydrothermal Systems." Entropy 22, no. 6 (2020): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22060656.

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Hydrothermal processes modify the chemical and mineralogical composition of rock. We studied and quantified the effects of hydrothermal processes on the composition of volcanic rocks by a novel application of the Shannon entropy, which is a measure of uncertainty and commonly applied in information theory. We show here that the Shannon entropies calculated on major elemental chemical composition data and short-wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance spectra of hydrothermally altered rocks are lower than unaltered rocks with a comparable primary composition. The lowering of the Shannon entropy indicates chemical and spectral sorting during hydrothermal alteration of rocks. The hydrothermal processes described in this study present a natural mechanism for transforming energy from heat to increased order in rock. The increased order is manifest as the increased sorting of chemical elements and SWIR absorption features of the rock, and can be measured and quantified by the Shannon entropy. The results are useful for the study of hydrothermal mineral deposits, early life environments and the effects of hydrothermal processes on rocks.
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Bushnev, D. A., N. S. Burdel’naya, A. N. Shadrin, N. P. Fadeeva, and M. B. Smirnov. "Organic Matter of Domanik Deposits of the Timan–Pechora Basin: the Oil Window Conditions." Russian Geology and Geophysics 62, no. 08 (2021): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20204303.

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Abstract —A comprehensive study of Domanik deposits of the Timan–Pechora Basin has been carried out. The examined composition of hydrocarbon biomarkers, chemical structure of kerogen, carbon isotope composition, and rock lithology, the Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, and the contents of bitumen and Corg in the rocks give an insight into the geochemical processes in the oil window in the Domanik deposits, which took place at Tmax = 435–450 °C. The bitumen coefficient βCB is maximum in this temperature interval, reaching 30%. The obtained data on the distribution of polycyclic biomarkers in the Domanik rocks and the bitumen and Rock-Eval pyrolysis data allowed determining the boundary values of biomarker maturity coefficients in the study of the maturation of organic matter of the rocks. The carbon isotope composition of bitumen fractions in the Domanik rocks is considered, and the bimodal distribution of the δ13C values of the bitumen is shown.
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Zhao, Yanxi, and Zhongxian Liu. "Study of Material Composition Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Soil-Rock Mixtures." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (October 14, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3854727.

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Soil-rock mixtures are often seen in geological deposits. Mechanical properties of these mixtures are controlled by microstructural characteristics such as rock size distribution, rock shape, locations, and content. The effects of material composition on soil-rock mechanical properties were studied in the laboratory. The soil-rock material was screened into different size categories. Medium-scale shearing and triaxial experiments were used to study the relationships among macrodeformation, strength, content, size, and random location of rocks. The medium-scale triaxial shearing instrument included the computer control system, EDC control system, and sensor response. The stress-strain curve of soil-rock mixtures was found as a hardening curve which is approximately hyperbolic, and there was no obvious peak intensity value. When the Mohr–Coulomb criterion was used to depict the curve under a shear strain of 0.15, cohesion first increased and then decreased, a finding opposite to the internal friction angle with a decrease in particle size. Elastic modulus increased with an increase in rock size, but Poisson’s ratio remained constant. In similar conditions, the random location of rocks can lead to a variation range of 4 degree of the internal friction angle, and cohesion values can change in a large range than the mean value.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rock composition"

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Jackson, Chtaura. "Factors Influencing Macroinvertebrate Diversity and Community Composition in Riverine Freshwater Rock Pools." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2311.

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I examined a system of 378-riverine rock pools situated along the James River in Richmond, Virginia, to uncover the factors influencing their macroinvertebrate diversity and community composition. I characterized (total = 60) the physical characteristics, water quality, hydrology, and community assemblages in July 2009 for a subset of pools. I examined whether selected environmental factors (pH, nearest neighbor distance, depth, surface area and inundation height) were related to macroinvertebrate diversity and community composition. Species richness and total abundance of all taxa increased with pool pH and surface area. Ordination indicates that nearest neighbor distance (NND) and pH varied significantly among pools. My findings indicate that macroinvertebrate diversity in this rock pool system were mainly related to the surface area, pH and NND.
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Rochelle, Christopher Alyn. "Fluid-rock interaction in the Mirvalles geothermal field, Costa Rica : mineralogical and experimental studies." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277906.

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Peringer, Patrick Edward. "Babel: a Composition for Rock Band, Soprano Quartet, and Chamber Ensemble—music and Critical Essay." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700023/.

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Babel is a work for rock ‘n’ roll band (two electric guitars, electric bass, drum set), four soprano singers, and a twenty-one instrument mixed chamber ensemble. The 50-minute composition is based on the Tower of Babel story in Genesis 11:1-9, and the four-movement structure is derived from the form of this narrative. The first movement, “building rebellion,” establishes man’s intent to build a grand city and tower in a rebellion against God, while the second movement, “seeing/coming down,” describes the all-seeing God’s knowledge of man’s rebellion and God’s descent to the city. Movements three and four, “confusion” and “scatter,” depict the actions of God, confusing humankind’s language and scattering him over the earth. This project fuses rock ‘n’ roll influences with contemporary classical improvisation, creating a work that is sonically and dynamically excessive. One compositional goal was to use small amounts of material as the impetus for directed improvisation, which would be developed to create intricate and evolving textures. Each movement’s score is confined to a single page of music per part, necessitating highly graphic and aleatoric notation. The musical history and musicianship of each player greatly shapes the sonic outcome of Babel. Rigorous structure was mixed with extra-musical associations to create intricate layers of musical and metaphorical meanings. Every decision regarding form, pitch, rhythm, and improvisatory state is linked to a meaningful mathematical, philosophical, or theological idea. Out of the intention to illustrate a multi-layered, Biblical text interpreted in vastly different ways, came a complex work of art that challenges, yet welcomes, performers and listeners of all kinds.
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Whitehead, Benjamin. "The oxygen isotope composition of the country rock of the Koegel Fontein igneous complex." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29636.

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The Koegel Fontein Complex is a Cretaceous anorogenic complex located in southern Namaqualand, west of Bitterfontein, South Africa. The complex comprises a large granite intrusion (the Rietpoort Granite), a series of NW-striking quartz porphyry dykes, and numerous other minor igneous bodies. A breccia plug, and the quartz porphyry dykes have δ18O values as low as -4.1‰, and these are believed to be the result of selective dehydration and melting of previously 18O-depleted rock (Curtis et al., 2013; Olianti and Harris, 2018). This thesis investigates the oxygen isotope composition of the country rock of the Koegel Fontein Complex, which consists of Namaqua-Natal Belt granulite facies rock and minor remnants of overlying Gariep Supergroup metasedimentary rock. The Brak Fontein Shear Zone (BFSZ) is investigated as a protolith for low δ18O (<6 ‰) units of the Koegel Fontein Complex. Geological mapping combined with oxygen isotope data of the country rock confirms that 18Odepletion occurred prior to the emplacement of the Koegel Fontein Complex and is localised in the ~545 Ma BFSZ. Generation of rock with δ18O values as low as -4 ‰ requires a combination of high temperature water-rock interaction, a high water-rock ratio and very low δ18O values in the alteration fluid. Deformation in the BFSZ coincides with the Pan-African Orogeny and a 549-545 Ma global glaciation, and it is reasonable to assume that ambient meteoric water had a very low δ18O value, perhaps as low as -30 ‰. Assuming a possible Δrock-water range from 0.5 to 2.8, a δ18O value of 8‰ for the rock before alteration, a δ18O value of -2‰ for the rock after alteration, a δ18O value of -30‰ for the fluid before fluid-rock exchange and exchange at a temperature range of 400°C to 700°C, a waterrock ratio of ~0.31 to ~0.40 is required to create the observed 18O-depletion in the BFSZ. The calculated water-rock ratio suggests that a significant amount of meteoric water passed through the BFSZ, into the brittle-ductile transition zone. A cold climate only coincides with a suitable tectonic setting during the Pan-African Orogeny, suggesting that the 18O-depletion is syn-tectonic. Furthermore, strong recrystalisation and annealing after deformation and a lack of brittle overprint or cross-cutting fractures and/or veins suggest a low permeability in the BFSZ after the Pan-African deformation. Therefore 18O-depletion in the BFSZ must have occurred during the Pan-African Orogeny and may be evidence for the infiltration of meteoric water into the ductile crust, possibly requiring variable strain rates or seismic pumping.
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Hettula, J. (Jesse). "Hydrothermal alteration and host rock composition of the Pyhäsalmi volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Central Finland." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201911233182.

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Abstract. The Pyhäsalmi volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit begins at ground level and reaches a depth of 1420 m. For the first 1050 m, the massive sulphide is formed of long a long conical sheet-like structure, which is slightly sloping to the west and steeply downward, forming a north–south planar massive sulphide deposit that narrows with increasing depth. Between 1050 and 1420 m, the structure of the deposit resembles the shape of a potato, which is connected to the upper deposit by a small contact area in between these two shapes. The upper and deep ore bodies are significantly different in shape, but both are enriched with Zn and Cu. VMS related hydrothermal alteration is present on the eastern side of the deposit, meaning that the east was, at the time of deposit formation, the footwall. Similarly, hydrothermally unaltered western side of the deposit is the hangingwall. Both the footwall and hangingwall are dominated by a homogeneous and aphanitic felsic rock unit, which has hydrothermally altered in the footwall into sericite schist. In both footwall and in hanginwall, mafic units are more common with increasing distance from massive sulphide. In total, when compared to hangingwall, the footwall has older and more numerous mafic intrusions, but both share pegmatitic granite intrusions in equal measure, which are a byproduct of latest local tectonic event. Nearly all the rock types have undergone severe alteration due to hydrothermal or/and metamorphic events, leaving no primary textures intact. During the summer of 2017, all the data relevant to this study was collected from seven drillcores which collectively represent the footwall, hangingnwall and deep massive sulphide itself. Pyhäsalmi Mine Oy provided all their previously collected geochemical and geophysical data from these drillcores. Most of this data portray the footwall rock units and massive sulphide base metal content. In addition, whole-rock geochemical data and thin sections were collected from the hangingwall and from silicic inclusions in deep ore body for better overall view of the deposit. These seven drillcores were also logged, photographed and systematically measured for their geophysical properties, such as specific gravity and susceptibility. Subsequently, 55 thin sections were selected from collection of samples, which display the relevant major rock types and gradual increase in hydrothermal alteration intensity in host rock. The purpose of this thesis is to describe most relevant properties of Pyhäsalmi VMS deposit and its host rock, based on the seven drillcores and data collected from them. As a result, geochemical studies have proven to be and irreplaceable tool for clarifying the host lithology and drillcore logging, measuring the intensity of hydrothermal alteration and estimating absolute mass transfer during hydrothermal alteration. It is evident that the footwall felsic host rock consists of two chemically different felsic volcanic units, which are named here Rhyolite 1 and 2. Lithologically Rhyolite 2 is atop Rhyolite 1, and it is also associated with massive sulphide related hydrothermal alteration. In hangingwall, the felsic host rock is solely composed of unaltered Rhyolite 2. Similarly, numerous mafic intrusion and layers are geochemically divided into three major groups, of which Andesites and Basaltic andesites belong to the footwall, whereas the third group, Basalt, belongs exclusively to hangingwall. The practical utility of geophysical data for ore exploration, measuring hydrothermal alteration intensity and rock type identification was also estimated. It seems that specific gravity was most useful of the three properties, however it could only indicate correct answers in all studied categories.Pyhäsalmen vulkanogeenisen massiivisen sulfidimalmin isäntäkiven hydroterminen muuntuminen ja koostumus, Keski-Suomi. Tiivistelmä. Pyhäsalmen vulkanogeeninen massiivinen sulfidi -esiintymä (VMS) alkaa maan pinnalta ja yltää 1420 m syvyyteen. Muodoltaan esiintymä koostuu ensimmäisen 1050 m matkalta pitkästä tasomaisesta rakenteesta, mudostaen hieman länteen ja jyrkästi alaspäin suuntautuvan, pohjois-etelä suunnassa tasomaisen massiivisen sulfidiesiintymän, joka kapenee syvyyden kasvaessa. Välillä 1050–1420 m, esiintymän rakenne muistuttaa muodoltaan perunaa, joka on vain pieneltä alalta kosketuksissa sen yläpuolella olevaan esiintymään. Malmimuotojen perusteella Pyhäsalmen VMS on jaettu ylempään malmiin ja syvämalmiin. Ylempi ja syvämalmi ovat malmikerrostumaltaan huomattavan erilaiset, vaikka molempiin on rikastunut Zn ja Cu. VMS esiintymälle tyypillistä hydrotermistä muuntumista ilmenee esiintymän itäpuolella, mikä tarkoittaa, että se oli esiintymän muodostumishetkellä jalkapuoli. Esiintymän hydrotermisesti muuntumaton länsipuoli on taas vastaavasti kattopuoli. Sekä jalka että kattopuolta dominoi massiivisen sulfidiesiintymän läheisyydessä homogeeninen ja hienorakeinen felsinen kivilajiyksikkö, joka on hydrotermisesti muuntunut jalkapuolessa serisiittiseksi liuskeeksi. Paikoin dominoiva kivilaji on maafinen, mutta vain syvemmällä jalkapuolessa ja korkeammalla kattopuolella. Jalkapuolessa ilmenee useampia vanhoja intruusioita kuin kattopuolessa, mutta molemmissa ilmenee viimeisimpien tektonisten tapahtumien seuraamuksesta tuoreempia pegmatiittisia graniittijuonia. Lähestulkoon kaikki kivilajit ovat joko/sekä hydrotermisen tai/ja metamorfisen muuntumisen yhteydessä muuntuneet niin voimakkaasti, että kaikki primääriset rakenteet ovat tuhoutuneet. Pyhäsalmen VMS esiintymästä kerättiin dataa vuoden 2017 kesänä seitsemästä eri kairansydämestä, jotka yhdessä edustavat kattavasti esiintymän jalka ja kattopuolta sekä syvämalmia. Pyhäsalmi Mine Oy luovutti kaiken aikaisemmin kerätyn geokemiallisen ja geofysikaalisen datan tätä tutkielmaa varten, mikä oli jo kerätty ennen tämän tutkielman alkua näistä kairansydämistä. Suurin osa tästä datasta kuvasi jalkapuolta ja kairansydämmissa esiintyvän massiivisen sulfidien perusmetallien pitoisuuksia. Tämän lisäksi, kattopuolesta ja syvämalmin silikaattisista inkluusioista kerättiin lisää geokemiallista dataa ja ohuthieitä paremman kokonaisuuden hahmottamiseksi. Tämän datan lisäksi nämä seitsemän kairansydäntä logattiin, valokuvattiin ja säännöllisin väliajoin niiden geofysikaaliset ominaisuudet, kuten ominaispaino ja suskeptibiliteetti, mitattiin. Jälkeenpäin 55 ohuthiettä valittiin, jotka näyttävät esiintymän pääasialliset kivilajit ja asteittaisen hydrotermisen muuntumisen voimakkuuden kasvun. Tämän tutkielman tarkoitus on kuvata oleellisimpia Pyhäsalmen VMS esiintymän piirteitä ja sen isäntäkiven ominaisuuksia, käyttäen näitä seitsemää kairansydäntä ja niistä kerättyä tietoa. Geokemialliset tutkimukset ovat osoittautuneet korvaamattomaksi työkaluksi esiintymän isäntäkiven litologian selvittämiseen, hydrothermisen muuntumisen intensiivisyyden mittaamiseen ja hydrotermisen muuntumisen yhteydessä tapahtuvan massasiirtymisen arvioimiseen. Jalkapuolen isäntäkivi koostuu kahdesta kemiallisesti toisistaan poikkeavista felsisistä vulkaanisesta kivilajista, jotka on täällä nimetty Ryoliitti 1:ksi ja 2:ksi. Litologisesti Ryoliitti 2 on 1:sen yläpuolella, ja jalkapuolessa Ryoliitti 2 assosioidaan hydrotermisen muuntumisen kanssa. Kattopuolen felsinen vulkaaninen isäntäkivi koostuu yksinomaan Ryoliitti 2:sta. Vastaavasti, lukuisat mafiset intruusiot ja kerrostumat jakautuivat geokemiallisesti kolmeen pääryhmään, joista Andesiittit ja Basalttiset andesiitit kuuluvat jalkapuoleen, ja Basaltti kuulluu yksinomaan kattopuoleen. Geofysikaalisen datan käytännön hyödyllisyyttä on myös arvioitu kivilajiluokittelun yhteydessä käytettäväksi työkaluksi ja hydrotermisen muuntumisen voimakkuuden arvioimista varten. Ominaispaino osoittautui hyödyllisimmäksi geofysikaaliseksi ominaisuudeksi kaiken kaikkiaan, mutta se pystyi parhaillaan vain osoittamaan oikean vastauksen suuntaan niissä tehtävissä missä sitä testattiin.
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Mönicke, K. Annett. "Fluids in systems of natural rock composition at ultra-high pressure metamorphic conditions an experimental approach /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971472327.

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Purchase, David Bryce. "Patterns of distribution, abundance and community composition of rock pool fishes in Goukamma Nature Reserve, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28158.

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Rock pools can be found in most rocky intertidal marine environments across the globe. Despite the vast body of literature describing the organization of ecological communities and biota inhabiting the greater rocky intertidal, very little effort has been given to rock pools. As a result they are far less understood than the adjacent emergent intertidal, particularly with respect to their fish communities. This is mostly due to the relative small size of rock pool fishes, their cryptic behaviour and morphologies, the relative difficulty in sampling intertidal fish utilizing conventional methods, and the low economic value of rock pool fishes. Rock pool fishes may have significant ecological value, as they are involved in structuring intertidal communities. Due to reduced environmental fluctuations within rock pools, these habitats may serve as crucial refuges from adjacent stressors. Furthermore, rock pools may play an important role in the early life histories of sub-littoral fish species that utilize these habitats as juveniles, some of which are valuable to fisheries as adults. It has been suggested that due to the lack of exposure at low tide, rock pools do not represent a true intertidal habitat, as organisms are not subject to the full range of environmental fluctuations seen in adjacent habitats. There is unequivocal evidence indicating that, like the surrounding emergent substrata, conditions in rock pools are highly regulated by the tidal cycle and that the degree of environmental fluctuations will vary greatly with intertidal height and degree of exposure of individual pools, much like patterns seen in adjacent habitats. Fishes inhabiting rock pools can be broadly categorised into groups based on their major zoographic provinces, life history traits and their behavioural affinities, on top of basic taxonomic categorizations. Global patterns indicate two main rock pool fish communities, those of Gondwanan origin and those of Laurasian origin. South African rock pools are relatively well studied from a taxonomic perspective compared to elsewhere, however, like the rest of the globe, factors influencing their fish communities are far less understood. The aim of this study was to determine which, if any, physical and biological rock pool characteristics have any significant influence on the Abundance, Diversity and Community of fishes at Goukamma MPA, South Africa. This site was chosen due to a lack of previous surveys of rock pool fishes at this site and because of a need for an inventory of faunal communities in protected areas in South Africa. The shoreline within the reserve is dominated by sandy shores and interspersed with mixed rock-based habitats. Aelonite platforms form mixed shores and are found along areas west of the Goukamma estuary. Hard, predominantly older Table Mountain Sandstone layers are found along the eastern shore near Buffalo Bay. Rock pools are found at both shore types. Aelonite platforms were formed geologically recently from sand dunes formed during the interglacial periods of the Pleistocene and as a result are relatively flat and easily eroded into circular pools by loose rocks. The hard table mountain sandstone pools formed in cracks and faults caused by geological tilting action, and tend to long and thin rather than circular. Fifty-five rock pools were sampled, to investigate the influence of spatial (Location and Headland), temporal (Season), abiotic (Area, Height, Depth, Rugosity) and biological (Rock, Algae,) characteristics of rock pools on the distribution, abundance, diversity and community composition of rock pool fishes. A total of 747 fishes, representing seven families and 16 species were collected, using a non-lethal anesthetic, clove oil. Clinus cottoides, Parablennius cornutus and Caffrogobius caffer were the most dominant species, together making up almost 85% of the fish community. Total fish Abundance was not found to significantly change with any of the variables. The Shannon-Wiener Species Diversity Index for the whole of Goukamma was 1.64, however, it differed significantly among Locations, was greatest in pools of larger Area, lower Heights and higher cover of Rock. Community was found to significantly change with Location and was significantly influenced by Area, Rugosity, Height and Depth. Rock pool fish communities in South Africa show clear biogeographical patterns. These patterns show five distinct bioregions along the South African coastline in that familial distributions tend to be broken by the same oceanographic barriers seen in the distributions of many other marine taxa. The results suggest that rock pool fishes tend to exhibit distinct preferences to pools of certain typology and will seldom move over even small distances in search of new pools. Overall the study followed past findings from studies of similar type, both within South African and elsewhere.
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O'Regan, Jade Simone. "When I Grow Up: The Development of the Beach Boys’ Sound (1962-1966)." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367243.

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The Beach Boys are an American rock group whose career has spanned over fifty years. However, it was between 1962 and 1966 that the group had most of their chart success and that their unique ‘sound’ was crystallised. This study takes a broad, big- picture overview of the Beach Boy’s repertoire from this period and charts the development of their sound through the apprentice-craft-art (ACA) framework. The concept of a ‘sound’ is able to draw together the musical, technological, sociological and historical elements that, when combined, create the sound of the Beach Boys during the 1962-1966 period. The flexibility of this concept means that areas often overlooked in popular music studies and in studies on the Beach Boys in general (particularly the roles of production and instrument types), are able to be woven into analyses of more traditional musical elements (such as song structure or chord progressions). To investigate their sound, this study analyses song structure, rhythmic feels, instrumentation, chord progressions, lyrical themes and vocals from 101 songs that the Beach Boys released on nine studio albums from the 1962-1966 period. The aim of these analyses is to give a detailed understanding of how the Beach Boys’ sound developed over time. Included in these musical analyses is a discussion of instrument types and production styles, which also have an impact on the Beach Boys’ sound. Musical findings are contextualised with important socio-cultural considerations that also contribute to the Beach Boys’ sound, such as their home in Southern California, their complicated personal histories, their relationship to surf music, and the construction of their “California myth”. The combination of the musical, the social and the historical gives a cohesive understanding of the way they constructed their sound.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Queensland Conservatorium<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Hanna, Teresa Rae. "Areal Extent and Volumes of the Dinner Creek Tuff Units, Eastern Oregon Based on Lithology, Bulk Rock Composition and Feldspar Mineralogy." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4346.

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The Dinner Creek Tuff erupted during a period of rhyolitic volcanism coeval to the flood volcanism associated with the Columbia River Basalt Group. The High Rock Caldera Complex, Lake Owyhee and McDermitt volcanic fields account for ~90% of the rhyolites erupted between 16.7-15.0 Ma. Situated at the northern end of the Lake Owyhee volcanic field, the Dinner Creek Tuff was originally mapped as a ~2,000 km2 single ignimbrite confined to the Malheur Gorge. Streck et al. (2015) correlated tuff outcrops previously mapped as generic Miocene welded tuff as well as local units such as the "Mascall" or "Pleasant Valley" tuff of eastern Oregon to individual cooling units that comprise the newly redefined Dinner Creek Tuff, enclosing an area of ~25,000 km2. Areal extents defined in this study show that all outcrops now determined to be Dinner Creek Tuff enclose an area of ~31,800 km2 not including any fallout deposits that likely extended beyond the defined area. Although Dinner Creek Tuff rhyolites have nearly identical compositions, different ages and subtle geochemical and mineralogical differences exist and were used to divide the Dinner Creek Tuff into four discrete cooling units. Except for unit 4, the units are lithologically very similar. Unit 1 is the Dinner Creek Tuff unit associated with the Malheur Gorge type section. The four cooling units have ages of 16.15-16 Ma (unit 1), 15.6-15.5 Ma (unit 2), 15.46 Ma (unit 3) and 15.0 Ma (unit 4). Areal extents were established for all four cooling units based on feldspar compositions along with lithological and bulk rock geochemical data. Minimal extents of individual units are as follows: ~22,590 km2 (unit 1), ~17,920 km2 (unit 2), ~14,170 km2 (unit 3) and ~8,370 km2 (unit 4). Using conservative thicknesses, determined erupted tuff volumes are ~170 km3 (unit 1), ~125 km3 (unit 2), ~99 km3 (unit 3) and ~46 km3 (unit 4), totaling ~440 km3 and dense rock equivalents are ~152 km3 (unit 1), ~96 km3 (unit 2), ~76 km3 (unit 3) and ~31 km3 (unit 4), totaling ~356 km3. These extents and volumes are the absolute minimum based solely on the locations of exposed tuff sections and the inclusion of the source. Centering eruptive units on source areas where they are known, expands the tuff extents into a more radial pattern as would be expected for low-aspect ratio, high energy ash-flow tuff eruptions. These probable extents increase the areal extents of the individual units to: ~36,900 km2 (unit 1), ~31,660 km2 (unit 2), ~17,290 km2 (unit 3) and ~10,150 km2 (unit 4) distributed over a ~43,490 km2 area. Likewise, erupted tuff volume and dense rock equivalents also increase: volume-- ~277 km3 (unit 1), ~222 km3 (unit 2), ~121 km3 (unit 3) and ~56 km3 (unit 4); DRE-- ~248 km3 (unit 1), ~170 km3 (unit 2), ~93 km3 (unit 3) and ~38 km3 (unit 4). New mapping confirms previous hypotheses that the Castle Rock caldera erupted unit 1 and identified the new Ironside Mountain caldera as the source for unit 2 while precise source areas for unit 3 and 4 are not yet known but are thought to lie within the Dinner Creek Eruptive Center. Minimal calculated caldera volumes for units 1 and 2 are ~98.5 km3 (unit 1) and ~31.1 km3 (unit 2). Adding the thick ponded intra caldera tuff volume to the determined and probable erupted tuff volumes determined in this study, increases the erupted volumes to ~268 km3 (determined) and ~375 km3 (probable) for unit 1 along with ~157 km3 (determined) and ~253 km3 (probable) for unit 2. DREs increase to ~251 km3 (determined) and ~347 km3 (probable) for unit 1 along with ~128 km3 (determined) and ~202 km3 (probable) for unit 2.
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Heim, Matthew D. "Reflections." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337007594.

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Books on the topic "Rock composition"

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Lee, Donald Edward. Summary of country rock types for a suite of granitoid rocks from the Basin-Range Province. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Lee, Donald Edward. Summary of country rock types for a suite of granitoid rocks from the Basin-Range Province. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Lee, Donald Edward. Summary of country rock types for a suite of granitoid rocks from the Basin-Range Province. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Makishima, Akio. Precise measurement of cerium isotope composition in rock samples. Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, 1990.

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Outerbridge, William F. Opal claystone associated with phosphate rock in northern Saudi Arabia. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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Harries, John R. Pore gas composition in waste rock dumps undergoing pyritic oxidation. s.n, 1985.

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Kessler, Dietrich. Neue Musiklehre & Songcomposing: Klassik, Jazz, Blues, Rock. KDM., 1993.

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W, Hornbeck James, and Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (Radnor, Pa.), eds. Lithologic composition and rock weathering potential of forested, glacial-till soils. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1992.

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J, Kohler John, and National Fertilizer & Environmental Research Center (U.S.), eds. Aluminum removal from phosphoric acid as chukhrovite. National Fertilizer and Environmental Research Center, Tennessee Valley Authority, 1992.

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Dondogiĭn, Garamzhav. Khadny zuragsyn ui︠a︡ngalag zokhiomzh orshvoĭ: It Exists the Lyrical Composition of Petroglyphs. Gcom Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rock composition"

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O’Brien, Neal R., and Roger M. Slatt. "Composition of Argillaceous Rocks." In Argillaceous Rock Atlas. Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3422-7_10.

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Cheng, Yuanfang, Chuanliang Yan, and Zhongying Han. "Rock Composition and Physical Properties." In Foundations of Rock Mechanics in Oil and Gas Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1417-3_3.

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Oelkers, E. H., and J. Schott. "The dependence of silicate dissolution rates on their structure and composition." In Water-Rock Interaction. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-37.

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Min, Wang, Wu Yongfeng, Zhong Zuoxin, and Tang Minggao. "The dependence of silicate dissolution rates on their structure and composition." In Water-Rock Interaction. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-40.

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Yoshida, Yutaka, and Keiji Sato. "Isotopic composition of sulfate in the Nigorikawa geothermal system, southwest Hokkaido, Japan." In Water-Rock Interaction. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-56.

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Avchenko, O. V., and I. I. Fatyanov. "Isotope composition of carbonates and genesis of hydrothermal fluid in Mnogovershinnoye deposit." In Water-Rock Interaction. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-43.

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Jarmersted, C. Sommer-von, A. Pekdeger, and L. Thomas. "Hydrochemical composition of formation waters at 4000 m depth (continental deep borehole, KTB)." In Water-Rock Interaction. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-119.

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Dekovich, Michael. "Compound Bridge Sections in Rock and Metal." In The Routledge Handbook to Metal Music Composition. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003354451-7.

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Giggenbach, W. F. "Composition of fluids in geothermal systems of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, as a function of source magma." In Water-Rock Interaction. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-3.

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Zeck, H. P., and J. Toft. "Mass Balance of a Gabbroic Rock-Amphibolite Transition." In Fluid Movements — Element Transport and the Composition of the Deep Crust. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0991-5_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rock composition"

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Bonev, Nikolay. "MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF SOME ROCK-FORMING MINERALS IN THE LOW-GRADE SEDIMENTARY AND MAFIC ROCKS, EASTERN CIRCUM-RHODOPE BELT, BULGARIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/1.1/s01.14.

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The eastern Circum-Rhodope belt (CRB) is a major unit that surrounds both the Serbo-Macedonian and the Rhodope zones in the Alpine orogen of the northern Aegean region. This belt contains Triassic-Jurassic metasedimentary successions and Middle Jurassic (176-165 Ma) supra-subduction zone Evros ophiolite. The latter has experienced ocean-floor hydrothermal metamorphism or very-low to low-grade metamorphism. We report on mineral compositions of rock-forming minerals in schist and mafic rocks from the eastern CRB. Our goal is to use the mineral compositions to assess the metamorphic conditions suffered by the rocks. The studied minerals include amphibole, garnet and mica. The electron probe microanalyzer was used to obtain the mineral chemistry recalculated into the mineral structural formula. The amphiboles in the mafic rocks have the compositions from magnesio-hornblende to edenite hornblende, which includes also actinolite-hornblende to actinolite and ferro-tschermakite in the greenschists. In the mica schist, the amphibole is magnesian-hastingsite, which is associated with almandine garnet, muscovite and biotite. The mineral assemblage studied, and its composition, reflects unequivocally greenschist facies metamorphic conditions experienced by the rocks. These conditions are further confirmed by the abundant chlorite and epidote observed in the metasedimentary and metamafic rocks. Thus, our study extends quantitively the metamorphic grade and conditions pertinent to the eastern CRB rocks.
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Plumb, R. A. "Influence of composition and texture on the failure properties of clastic rocks." In Rock Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/28022-ms.

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Kato, Chizu, Rikuya Aso, Satoshi Fukutani, et al. "Gallium isotopic composition of GSJ rock reference samples." In Goldschmidt2023. European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.15377.

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Alam, A. M. K. B., Y. Fujii, N. H. Dipu, F. H. Ghalib, A. I. Sajib, and A. S. M. W. Ullah. "Comparative analysis of mechanical and mineralogical properties of rocks from maddhapara granite mine, Bangladesh." In International Symposium on Earth Resources Management & Environment - ISERME 2024. Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31705/iserme.2024.14.

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This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical and mineralogical properties of rocks collected from Maddhapara Granite Mine (MGM) in the northern region of Bangladesh. The research focuses on the characterization of two main categories of rocks, distinguished by their color and mineral composition, namely the dominant black rock and the flashy colored rock. Microscopic studies were conducted to categorize the rocks, leading to the identification of minerals such as quartz, feldspar, amphibole, and biotite within the rock samples. The black rock was classified as Tonalite, with specific mineral compositions, while the flashy colored rock was identified as granite, exhibiting distinct mineral proportions. The research further delves into the physical properties of the rocks, including density, effective porosity, P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS). Notably, UCS tests were performed to characterize stress parameters such as crack closure stress, crack initiation stress, crack damage stress, and peak stress for both rock types. The results revealed significant differences in stress levels and mechanical responses between the two rock types, with tonalite exhibiting higher stress levels and distinct mechanical behaviors such as plastic deformation and shear deformation, compared to the granite. These variations are attributed to the dominating minerals present in each rock type, particularly amphibole and quartz for tonalite, and feldspar and quartz for granite. The findings of this study have implications for the stability of drifts and stopes in mining operations, as the mechanical responses of the rocks, influenced by their mineralogical composition, may impact their suitability for various engineering applications. This research contributes to the understanding of rock properties in the context of mining engineering, providing valuable insights for the assessment and utilization of rocks from MGM and similar geological formations.
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Dewhurst, David N., Anthony F. Siggins, and Mark D. Raven. "Influence of Pore Pressure, Composition and Microstructure on the Acoustic Properties of Shales." In SPE/ISRM Rock Mechanics Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/78197-ms.

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Siva Rama Krishna, Jandhyala, and J. Lewis Samuel. "Tailoring Barrier Design Process to Assess Cement Integrity in CCS Wells." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0588.

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ABSTRACT: In CCS wells, the hydration products in the cement sheath can react with CO2 and alter the composition of the barrier. Therefore, cement sheath mechanical properties can change spatially and temporally. Designing an appropriate barrier should account for these changes when assessing the risk of isolation failure. The proposed design process comprises of four steps: (i) Predict the extent of alteration between CO2 and the cement sheath, (ii) Predict mechanical property changes in the cement sheath due to alteration, (iii) Determine stresses and temperatures in the modified cement sheath due to CCS loads, and (iv) Assess the risk of cement sheath failure. The extent of alteration and mechanical property (compressive strength, tensile strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio) models are developed using micro-CT and destructive mechanical testing data generated on CO2 exposed cement systems. The test matrix consisted of more than ten cement compositions encompassing neat cement and reduced Portland designs exposed to a wide range of temperature, pressure and CO2 state (Dry vs. Wet vs. Carbonic) for seven days to seven months. These systems used a variety of Pozzolanic materials and additives. The models in the proposed design method incorporates variables describing composition and exposure conditions. Consequently, this vital tool enables tailoring cement compositions to minimize risk of loss in cement sheath integrity. 1. INTRODUCTION Well construction and operation will invariably cause changes in the near wellbore (NWB) temperatures, pore pressures and three-dimensional stress state. These changes govern the risk of cement sheath failure after successful placement. For many years, the oil and gas industry has successfully relied on design tools (Bosma et al. (1999), Thiercelin et al. (1997), Onaisi et al. (2017), Bois et al. (2015)) to quantify and mitigate the cement sheath failure risk posed by well construction and operation loads. Risk mitigation is attained through the process of tailoring cement composition in the laboratory until its thermo-mechanical properties meet the recommendations from the design tool. These design tools generally model the cement sheath as a material with constant thermo-mechanical properties. In case of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) wells, the injected CO2 undergoes a time and space dependent reaction with the hydration products in Portland cement. These reactions cause time and space dependent changes to cement's thermo-mechanical properties. Tools that do not account for these changes can mislead a design engineer trying to tailor cement composition for the purpose of NWB integrity.
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Oshchepkova, A. V., V. A. Bychinskiy, and K. V. Chudnenko. "PHYSICOCHEMICAL MODELING OF THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS." In The Geological Evolution of the Water-Rock Interaction. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0536-0-2018-214-218.

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Bortnikova, S. B., N. V. Yurkevich, A. Yu Devyatova, Yu V. Alekhin, and R. V. Fyaizullina. "COMPOSITION OF GAS STREAMS OVER THE SULFIDE MINING TAILINGS." In The Geological Evolution of the Water-Rock Interaction. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0536-0-2018-336-340.

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Yuan, H., N. Lars, and A. Z. Abdu. "Characterizing the Composition and Water Saturation of Chalk through GPR and P-wave Velocity." In Fifth EAGE Workshop on Rock Physics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2020603012.

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ЗИНЧУК Н, Н., and Н. ЗИНЧУК М. "FEATURE COMPOSITION OF THE BASIC MASS OF KIMBERLITES YAKUTIYA." In ГЕОЛОГИЯ И МИНЕРАЛЬНО-СЫРЬЕВЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКА РОССИИ 2024. Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53954/9785604990100_78.

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Kimberlite pipes, dykes, veins and sills quite often represent the rocks which were altered to various degree by postmagmatic and hypergene processes. Generated at this new formations are referred to secondary minerals, which are main rock-forming components, composing the basic mass of rocks. Distinction of kimberlite bodies is conditioned by intensity of development and evenness of distribution of dominating secondary minerals, their associations and varieties (calcite, dolomite, lizardite, chrysotile, phlogopite, chlorite, pyroaurite and others). It has been established that processes of serpentinization, carbonatization, chloritization and brucitization in each diatreme have individual character, leading to diversity of kimberlite types
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Reports on the topic "Rock composition"

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Bailey, Scott W., James W. Hornbeck, and James W. Hornbeck. Lithologic composition and rock weathering potential of forested, glacial-till soils. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-662.

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Milakovska, Zlatka, Maya Stefanova, and Kalinka Markova. Geochemical Composition of Organic Matter from Maritsa Iztok Dumps Assessed by Rock-eval Pyrolysis. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.01.10.

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Milakovska, Zlatka, Maya Stefanova, and Kalinka Markova. Geochemical Composition of Organic Matter from Maritsa Iztok Dumps Assessed by Rock-eval Pyrolysis. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/grabs2018.1.10.

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Бєлик, Юлія Вільєвна, Василь Миколайович Савосько, and Юрій Вікторович Лихолат. Taxonomic Composition and Synanthropic Characteristic of Woody Plant Community on Petrovsky Waste Rock Dumps (Kryvorizhzhya). КДПУ, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3640.

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The study of taxonomic composition and ecological characteristics of wood species on devastated lands as a theoretical basis for the phytomelioration of environment remains relevant nowadays. It was discovered 32 species, 25 genera and 15 families in the course of the analysis of woody plant community from devastated lands of Petrovsky waste rock dumps. Among them, allochthonous species (59.38%) have an advantage over autochthonous (40.63%) according to the quantitative indicators. It was established, hemiapophytes predominate among apophytesspecies andneophytes predominate among anthropophytesaccording to the time of entry, according to the method of invasion ergasiophytes, according to the degree of adaptation ergasiophytes and agriophytes. The results of our analysis indicate that the investigated woody plant communitycorresponds to the conditions of localization.
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Davis, Molly. Plant community composition and structure monitoring at Scotts Bluff National Monument: 2022 data report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295542.

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This report presents the results of vegetation monitoring efforts in 2022 at Scotts Bluff National Monument (SCBL) by the Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) and Fire Ecology Program (NGPFire). NGPN began vegetation monitoring at SCBL in 2011, and this was the twelfth year of combined monitoring efforts between NGPN and NGPFire at SCBL. NGPN did not visit SCBL in 2020 or 2021 due to travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, NGPFire was able to do vegetation monitoring at SCBL during these two years. Crew members from NGPN visited eight long-term monitoring plots to collect data on the plant communities at SCBL. This work is part of a long-term monitoring effort designed to provide a better understanding of the condition of the vegetation community and how it changes over time. NGPN staff measured species richness, herb-layer height, native and non-native species abundance, ground cover, and site disturbance at each of the plots. In plots where woody species were present, tree regeneration, tall shrub density, tree density, and woody fuel loads were also measured. The NGPFire crew visited an additional seven plots in the Eagle Rock and North Platte burn units to better understand the effects of prescribed fire on vegetation. The NGPFire crew measured herb-layer height, native and non-native species abundance, ground cover, and site disturbance at each of the plots. The NGPFire crew conducted one prescribed fire in 2022, in the Eagle Rock burn unit, on April 25, 2022. In 2022, the monitoring crews identified 73 unique plant species in 15 monitoring plots. Of those species, 12 were exotic species. Two species considered rare in Nebraska were observed in the plots, including spotted fritillary, Fritillaria atropurpurea. At every plot except for two, the absolute cover of native species was greater than the absolute cover of exotic species. Monitoring crews collected tree regeneration data in three plots and found one species of seedling (chokecherry) and one species of adult tree (Rocky Mountain juniper). Ground disturbances, observed in fourteen of the fifteen plots, included animal use, prescribed fire, erosion, and soil disturbance
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Hanna, Teresa. Areal Extent and Volumes of the Dinner Creek Tuff Units, Eastern Oregon Based on Lithology, Bulk Rock Composition and Feldspar Mineralogy. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6239.

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Leybourne, M. I., J. M. Peter, M A Schmidt, D. Layton-Matthews, A. Voinot, and L. Mathieu. Geochemical evidence for a magmatic contribution to the metal budget of the Windy Craggy Cu-Co(±Zn) volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, northwestern British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328018.

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Volcanogenic massive-sulfide (VMS) deposits may have had metal contributions from magmatic degassing and leaching of footwall rocks. The Windy Craggy Cu-Co-Zn VMS deposit in northwestern British Columbia may include magmatic contributions, based on laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of fluid inclusions (enriched in Sb, Sn, and Bi) and lithogeochemistry. Sulfide-mineral trace-element abundances in the massive-sulfide orebody, underlying stockwork zone, gold zone, and altered and unaltered mafic rock and argillite were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. Elevated Au, W, As, Bi, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, Ag, Co, and Mo contents occur within the gold and/or stockwork zones. Increasing 'magmatic metals' with increasing Co/Ni values suggest direct magmatic contribution to the deposit. Covariation of Co with these so-called 'magmatic elements' indicates that it, too, may be of magmatic origin, sourced via fluids exsolved from a crystallizing magma; however, evidence from the composition of rocks and sulfide minerals from Windy Craggy and other VMS deposits suggests that there is probably no meaningful distinction between hydrothermal leaching and direct magmatic contributions and that most - if not all - fluids that form VMS deposits should be termed 'magmatic-hydrothermal'.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Бєлик, and Юрій Васильович Лихолат. Ecological and Geological Determination of the Initial Pedogenesis on Devastated Lands in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine). Journ. Geol. Geograph. Geoecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3643.

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In our time, a very urgent problem is the cessation of negative impacts on the environment and the return to the practical use of the territories of devastated lands. In this regard, it is important to find out the basic laws of primary soil formation in the area of these man-made neoplasms. The initial soil formation conditions were analyzed on 19 experimental sites which represent the main varieties of devastated land in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining and Metallurgical District (Central Ukraine): (i) waste rock dumps of old iron mines (old name “Forges”), (ii) tailing storage facility of underground iron mines, (iii) waste rock dumps of the Iron Ore Mining and Dressing Plant, (iv) waste rock dumps of the Granite Quarry Plant. It was established that on the devastated lands in Kryvyi Rih District, the initial soil formation occurs in very difficult conditions. Therefore, over 25- 100 years only very primitive soils were formed. The following features are inherent to them: (1) primitive soil profile (thickness 10-100 mm), (2) low levels of soil organic substance content (9.5-11.5 %), (3) alkaline indicators of the soil solution (pHH2O – 8.08-8.92, pHKCl – 7.42-8.23), (4) low levels of cation exchange capacity (6.34-8.47 mMol /100 g). By results of correlation calculations, among the factors of soil formation time (duration of soil formation) and input of plant ash elements’ fall are characterized by the maximum number of statistically significant correlation coefficients and their numerical values. In terms of chemical composition of the technosol, the values of organic matter content and exchangeable acidity (pHKCl) were the most predictable soil formation factors. Generally physical / chemical characteristics of geological rocks (as parent material) and time were the two most important factors in determining the initial pedogenesis on devastated lands in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining &amp; Metallurgical District (Ukraine).
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Lavoie, D., O. H. Ardakani, and C. Rivard. Synthesis of organic matter composition and maturation and gas data from selected deep source rock units for some wells in the Fox Creek area. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328238.

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Lavoie, D., V. Tremblay, and C. Rivard. Sandstone composition and diagenesis of the Paskapoo Formation and their significance for shallow groundwater aquifer in the Fox Creek area, west-central Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331923.

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The shallow aquifer in the Fox Creek area is hosted by the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation. The formation consists of fluvial deposits with channel-filled high-energy sandstone cutting through fine-grained, low energy overbank sediments. Three internal members are recognized, these members define three hydrostratigraphic units (two aquifers versus one aquitard). In fall 2022, three boreholes were drilled and cored. The succession is slightly dominated by sandstone with subordinate fine-grained sediments and thin coal intervals. The calcareous to non-calcareous sandstone is either tight and well compacted or porous, friable to unconsolidated. The litharenite is composed of quartz, various types of rock fragments, chert, and feldspars. Detrital carbonates can be abundant. The post-sedimentation history of the sandstone recorded cementation and dissolution events from near surface, through shallow burial and late tectonic exhumation. The events include early clay coatings on grains, dissolution of metastable minerals, cementation from calcite, kaolinite and minor chlorite and late near surface fault-controlled freshwater circulation and dissolution. The late event resulted in friable to unconsolidated sandstone intervals.
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