Academic literature on the topic 'Rock Fracture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rock Fracture"
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Schoenberg, Michael, and Colin M. Sayers. "Seismic anisotropy of fractured rock." GEOPHYSICS 60, no. 1 (1995): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443748.
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A simple method for including the effects of geologically realistic fractures on the seismic propagation through fractured rocks can be obtained by writing the effective compliance tensor of the fractured rock as the sum of the compliance tensor of the unfractured background rock and the compliance tensors for each set of parallel fractures or aligned fractures. The compliance tensor of each fracture set is derivable from a second rank fracture compliance tensor. For a rotationally symmetric set of fractures, the fracture compliance tensor depends on only two fracture compliances, one controlling fracture compliance normal, the other, tangential, to the plane of the fractures. The stiffness tensor, which is more useful in the consideration of elastic wave propagation through rocks, can then be obtained by inversion. The components of the excess fracture compliance tensor represent the maximum amount of information that can be obtained from seismic data. If the background rock is isotropic and the normal and shear compliance of each fracture are equal, although different from those of other fractures, the effective elastic behavior of the fractured rock is orthorhombic for any orientation distribution of fractures. A comparison of the theory with recent ultrasonic experiments on a simulated fractured medium shows near equality of the normal and shear compliance for the case of air‐filled fractures.
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Zhang, Qinghe, Bing Zhang, Chen Chen, et al. "A Test Method for Finding Early Dynamic Fracture of Rock: Using DIC and YOLOv5." Sensors 22, no. 17 (2022): 6320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176320.
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Intelligent monitoring and early warning of rock mass failure is vital. To realize the early intelligent identification of dynamic fractures in the failure process of complex fractured rocks, 3D printing of the fracture network model was used to produce rock-like specimens containing 20 random joints. An algorithm for the early intelligent identification of dynamic fractures was proposed based on the YOLOv5 deep learning network model and DIC cloud. The results demonstrate an important relationship between the overall strength of the specimen with complex fractures and dynamic fracture propagation, and the overall specimen strength can be judged semi-quantitatively by counting dynamic fracture propagation. Before the initiation of each primary fracture, a strain concentration area appears, which indicates new fracture initiation. The dynamic evolution of primary fractures can be divided into four types: primary fractures, stress concentration areas, new fractures, and cross fractures. The cross fractures have the greatest impact on the overall strength of the specimen. The overall identification accuracy of the four types of fractures identified by the algorithm reached 88%, which shows that the method is fast, accurate, and effective for fracture identification and location, and classification of complex fractured rock masses.
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Shi, Di, Liping Li, Jianjun Liu, Mingyang Wu, Yishan Pan, and Jupeng Tang. "Effect of discrete fractures with or without roughness on seepage characteristics of fractured rocks." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 7 (2022): 073611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0097025.
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This study proposes a new fractal permeability model for fractured rocks that comprehensively accounts for the geometric fracture characteristics and the fluid transport mechanism. Then, the permeability changes of fractured rocks are analyzed using discrete fracture networks (DFNs) with or without roughness and different geometry parameters in the DFN modeling and finite element simulation. The results show that the proposed permeability model well agrees with the experimental data, and the established DFN numerical model more realistically reflects the fracture network in fractured rocks. Fluctuation of tortuous fracture lines (rough fractures) increases the fracture intersection probability, consequently increasing the fracture intersection area or connecting adjacent fractures. Moreover, permeability increases with the fractal dimension Df, porosity ϕ, maximum fracture length lmax, and proportionality coefficient β, and it decreases with increasing fractal dimension DTf of fracture tortuosity. When the fracture proportionality coefficient is 0.001 ≤ β ≤ 0.01, different DFNs yield similar simulation results for permeability. However, with increasing fracture network complexity, the predictive model created using conventional DFN (C-DFN) increasingly overestimates the fractured rock permeability. Thus, building a permeability model for a fractured rock using rough DFN (R-DFN) is more effective than that using C-DFN. Our findings are helpful for real permeability predictions via DFN and analytical modeling.
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Roshankhah, Shahrzad, Arman K. Nejad, Orlando Teran, and Kami Mohammadi. "Modelling the variation in the behaviour of pre-fractured rocks subjected to hydraulic fracturing with permeability of the rock matrix using finite-discrete element method." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020508001.
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In this study, we present the results of two-dimensional numerical simulations for the effects of rock matrix permeability on the behaviour of hydraulic fractures in intact and pre-fractured rocks. The simulations are performed using the Finite-Discrete Element Method (FDEM). In this method, the deformation and fluid pressure fields within the porous rock blocks, pre-existing fracture network, and hydraulically induced fractures are calculated through a fully coupled hydromechanical scheme. Furthermore, new fractures can initiate in crack elements located between each pair of finite elements and can propagate in any path that the boundary and loading conditions require according to non-linear fracture mechanics criteria. Fluid channels are also defined between pairs of finite elements simulating the inter-connected flow paths through porous media. Four models of the rock mass are created in this study: (i) homogeneous-impermeable, (ii) homogeneous-permeable, (iii) heterogeneous-impermeable matrix, and (iv) heterogeneous-permeable matrix. Heterogeneous rock masses contain a discrete fracture network (natural fractures) in the rock mass structure. Hydraulic fracturing is modelled in domains of 40×40 m2 with the four different structures and mass transport capacities, and the results are compared to each other. The results highlight the significant effect of diffusive fluid flow through rock blocks, in addition to the flow through fracture network, on the global hydromechanical behaviour of the rock mass. These results help to understand the governing hydromechanical processes taking place in fractured rocks with matrix of different permeability, such as granites, shales, carbonate rocks, and sandstones and the extent of complexities required to model their behaviour to achieve reasonable accuracy.
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Wang, E. Z., Z. Q. Yue, L. G. Tham, Y. Tsui, and H. T. Wang. "A dual fracture model to simulate large-scale flow through fractured rocks." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 6 (2002): 1302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-068.
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Discrete fracture network models can be used to study groundwater flow in fractured rock masses. However, one may find that it is not easy to apply such models to practical projects as it is difficult to investigate every fracture and measure its hydraulic parameters. To overcome such difficulties, a dual fracture model is proposed. Taking into account the hydraulic characteristics of the various elements of the fracture system, a hydrogeological medium is assumed to consist of two components: the dominant fracture network and the fractured rock matrix. As the dominant fracture network consists of large fractures and faults, it controls the groundwater flow in rock masses. Depending on the permeabilities of the in-fill materials, these fractures and faults may serve as channels or barriers of the flow. The fractured rock matrix, which includes rock blocks and numerous small fractures, plays a secondary role in groundwater flow in such medium. Although the small fractures and rock blocks possess low permeability, their numbers and their total porosity are relatively large. Therefore, they provide large volume for groundwater storage. In this paper, the application of the proposed model to simulate the groundwater flow for a hydropower station before and after reservoir storage is reported. The implications of the results on the design of the station are also highlighted.Key words: seepage flow, dual fracture model, dominant fracture, fractured rock matrix, case studies, rock-filled dam.
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LV, WEIFENG, GUOLIANG YAN, YONGDONG LIU, XUEFENG LIU, DONGXING DU, and RONG WANG. "EFFECT OF FRACTAL FRACTURES ON PERMEABILITY IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL ROCKS." Fractals 27, no. 01 (2019): 1940015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x19400152.
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The fracture has great impact on the flow behavior in fractured reservoirs. Fracture traces are usually self-similar and scale-independent, which makes the fractal theory become a powerful tool to characterize fracture. To obtain three-dimensional (3D) digital rocks reflecting the properties of fractured reservoirs, we first generate discrete fracture networks by stochastic modeling based on the fractal theory. These fracture networks are then added to the existing digital rocks of rock matrixes. We combine two low-permeable cores as rock matrixes with a group of discrete fracture networks with fractal characteristics. Various types of fractured digital rocks are obtained by adjusting different fracture parameters. Pore network models are extracted from the 3D fractured digital rock. Then the permeability is predicted by Darcy law to investigate the impacts of fracture properties to the absolute permeability. The permeability of fractured rock is subject to exponential increases with fracture aperture. The relationship between the permeability and the fractal dimension of fracture centers is exponential, as well as the relationship between permeability and the fractal dimension of fracture lengths.
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Xu, Chaoshui, Shaoqun Dong, Hang Wang, et al. "Modelling of Coupled Hydro-Thermo-Chemical Fluid Flow through Rock Fracture Networks and Its Applications." Geosciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11040153.
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Most rock masses contain natural fractures. In many engineering applications, a detailed understanding of the characteristics of fluid flow through a fractured rock mass is critically important for design, performance analysis, and uncertainty/risk assessment. In this context, rock fractures and fracture networks play a decisive role in conducting fluid through the rock mass as the permeability of fractures is in general orders of magnitudes greater than that of intact rock matrices, particularly in hard rock settings. This paper reviews the modelling methods developed over the past four decades for the generation of representative fracture networks in rock masses. It then reviews some of the authors’ recent developments in numerical modelling and experimental studies of linear and non-linear fluid flow through fractures and fracture networks, including challenging issues such as fracture wall roughness, aperture variations, flow tortuosity, fracture intersection geometry, fracture connectivity, and inertia effects at high Reynolds numbers. Finally, it provides a brief review of two applications of methods developed by the authors: the Habanero coupled hydro-thermal heat extraction model for fractured reservoirs and the Kapunda in-situ recovery of copper minerals from fractures, which is based on a coupled hydro-chemical model.
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Glad, Aslaug Clemmensen, Tobias Orlander, Ida Lykke Fabricius, Ole Rønø Clausen, and Lars B. Clemmensen. "Characteristics and formation of natural fractures in a silica-rich chalk, Coniacian Arnager Limestone Formation, Bornholm, Denmark." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 73 (October 18, 2024): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2024-73-09.
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Natural fractures are abundant and important components in many carbonate sedimentary rocks globally. In hydrocarbon and groundwater reservoirs of carbonate rocks they can form connected networks and thereby influence the permeability and f luid flow significantly. Outcrop studies of fractured carbonate rocks can provide an essential understanding of 3-dimensional fracture networks, thereby aiding in understanding fracture patterns and connectivity in subsurface carbonate reservoirs. The Arnager Limestone Formation is a naturally fractured silica-rich chalk of Coniacian age exposed in a coastal cliff on the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea (Denmark). This study examines the natural fractures in the Arnager Limestone Formation from a structural and geomechanical perspective. The Arnager Limestone Formation forms one, 12–20 m thick, main rock mechanical unit; bedding planes acts as weak interfaces and divides it into near-identical, cm- to dm-thick rock mechanical subuits. Flat-lying (horizontal) or low-angle dipping bedding-parallel fractures are intersected by two near-vertical or steeply dipping fracture systems, a major N–S-trending system and a less prominent W–E-trending fracture system. Rock mechanical analysis of the tensile strength and elastic moduli provides the foundation for discussing maximum burial depth of the Arnager Limestone Formation. The tensile strength gives information on the bedding-parallel fractures, which can have formed due to stress relief during uplift and erosion, possible accentuated by glacial processes. The near-vertical fracture sets are interpreted to have formed in response to tectonic movements.
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Han, Tongcheng, and Sam Yang. "Dielectric properties of fractured carbonate rocks from finite-difference modeling." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 1 (2019): MR37—MR44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0003.1.
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Fractures are common features in virtually all types of geologic rocks and tend to dominate their mechanical and hydraulic properties. Detection and characterization of fractures in rocks are of interest to a variety of geophysical applications. We have investigated the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of fractured porous carbonate rocks in the frequency range [Formula: see text] and their relationships with different types of fluids filling the fractures, fracture connectivity, and directions of electrical field applied to the rocks using numerical simulation methods based on a 3D finite-difference model. We tested the validity of the modeling method on a spherical-shell model with the theoretical analytical solutions. The two fractures in the two digital carbonate rocks have the same length, but in one rock, they intersect and in the other sample they do not. The fractures in the brine-saturated digital rocks are filled either with oil or with the same brine as in the background rock. We found that although conductivity and relative permittivity are sensitive to the fracture-filling fluids, the dielectric loss factor is the best parameter discriminating the fluids. When filled with brine, the fracture connectivity does not affect the dielectric properties of the rocks. When filled with oil, the fracture connectivity can only be detected if the electrical field is parallel to the longer fracture orientation. The results provide new insights into the frequency-dependent dielectric responses of fractured sedimentary rocks and will help with the interpretation of the dielectric data acquired from rocks with fractures.
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Sun, Lichen, Peijie Lou, Cheng Pan, and Penghui Ji. "Mechanical Properties and DEM-Based Simulation of Double-Fractured Sandstone Under Cyclic Loading and Unloading." Sustainability 16, no. 20 (2024): 9000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16209000.
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In response to the challenges posed by long-term cyclic loading and unloading in underground rock engineering, this study systematically investigates the macro- and meso-mechanical response mechanisms of fractured rock masses under cyclic loading conditions. We performed graded cyclic loading–unloading tests on parallel double-fractured sandstone samples with varying spatial distribution configurations. These tests were integrated with digital image correlation (DIC) technology, fractal dimension analysis, and discrete element method (DEM) numerical simulations to analyze the mechanical properties, deformation characteristics, crack propagation features, and meso-fracture mechanisms of the fractured rock masses. The findings indicate that the diverse spatial distribution characteristics of the double fractures exert a significant influence on the loading–unloading processes, surface deformation fields, and fracture states of the rock. Cyclic loading leads to an increase in the fractal dimension of the fractured samples, resulting in more intricate and chaotic crack propagation patterns. Furthermore, DEM simulations reveal the impact of fracture spatial configurations on the force chain distribution within the rock bridges. The equivalent stress nephogram effectively represents the stress field distribution. This offers valuable insights for predicting meso-fracture trends in rocks. This paper comprehensively integrates both experimental and numerical simulation methodologies to deliver a thorough analysis of the complex mechanical behavior of fractured rock masses under cyclic loading conditions, with direct relevance to engineering applications such as mine excavation and slope stabilization.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rock Fracture"
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Lock, Yick-bun. "An examination of failure criteria for some common rocks in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17665164.
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Felton, David Scott. "Theoretical dissolution coefficient for rock fractures." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21505.
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Yu, Xiaomeng. "Stochastic modeling of rock fracture geometry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12176.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1993.<br>Includes bibliographical references (second sequence, leaves 1-3).<br>by Xiaomeng Yu.<br>M.S.
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Sharpe, Colin James 1962. "Experimental effectiveness of rock fracture grouting." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291736.
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The objective of this investigation is to experimentally determine the effectiveness of fracture sealing in welded tuff using ordinary portland cement and microfine cement grouts. Fracture grouting will most likely be used to seal fractures intersecting high level nuclear waste repositories. Fractures are potential pathways for the migration of radionuclides. Laboratory experiments have been performed on seventeen tuff cylinders. (1) tension induced cracks, (2) natural and, (3) sawcut surfaces serve as fractures. Prior to grouting, the hydraulic conductivity of the intact rock and that of the fractures themselves are measured under a range of normal stresses. Grouts are injected through axial boreholes at pressures of 0.3 to 4.1 MPa while holding fractures under a constant normal stress. Five grout formulations have been selected. Minor amounts of bentonite (0 to 5 percent by weight) have been added to these grouts to increase stability. Water to cement ratios range from 0.45 to 1.0. Permeameter testing of grouted fractures is used to evaluate the effectiveness of fracture grouting.
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Akram, Muhammad. "The effect of zero point charge environment on rock fracture behavior." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040230/.
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Ivanova, Violeta Mintcheva. "Three-dimensional stochastic modeling of rock fracture systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11810.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1995.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-146).<br>by Violeta Mintcheva Ivanova.<br>M.S.
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Xu, Chaoshui. "Fracture mechanics and its application in rock excavation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/754/.
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The two chevron notched specimen geometries for rock Mode I fracture toughness measurement, CB and SR, recommended by the ISRM have several disadvantages, such as very low loads required to initiate failure, complicated loading fixtures, difficult to be developed for rock mixed mode fracture testing, relatively large amounts of intact rock core needed for the test and complex specimen preparation for the SR geometry. The cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc (CCNBD) and the cracked straight through Brazilian disc (CSTBD) specimen geometries overcome these problems and they are believed to be ideal geometries for rock fracture investigations. The general case for the cracked Brazilian disc fracture problem is when the specimen is loaded diametrically with the crack inclined at an angle to the loading direction. Different combinations of Mode I and Mode II fracture intensities can be obtained simply by changing this angle and the loading fixture still remains as simple as for a normal Brazilian test. A special superimposition technique is developed to theoretically solve the stress intensity factor (SW) values for the CSTBD fracture problem with the help of dislocation and complex stress function methods. This evaluation can generate accurate SIF results for the problem with any crack length a(a/R) = 0.05-0.95, while the mixed mode SIF solution for a>0.60 has not been reached by previous researchers. The relative theoretical SW solution for the corresponding CCNBD fracture problem (single or mixed fracture modes) is obtained by using Bluhm's slice model proposed for general crack problems. Numerical calibrations for Mode I fracture problems of the CSTBD and the CCNBD specimens have been conducted by using 194 different specimen geometries and the results prove the correctness of the theoretical evaluations. The valid CCNBD geometrical range for a valid rock Mode I fracture toughness test is numerically investigated and then experimentally validated based on 40 different CCNBD geometries by using 42 different rocks. Experimental studies on the minimum specimen size requirement for a valid CCNBD rock Mode I fracture toughness test are also carried out and the approximate critical criteria is given. The great advantages of using the CCNBD specimens for rock fracture toughness measurement have been investigated and the documentation for recommending the CCNBD specimen geometry to the ISRM as the third suggested method for rock Mode I fracture toughness test is presented. The rock Mode I fracture toughness values are then related to rock conventional properties for the purpose of prediction. Rock cutting mechanics is analyzed by probabilistic fracture mechanics and Weibull's distribution model is found to better express the characteristics of rock cutting performance parameters. Some initial predictions for these parameters based on this mode are then presented.
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Ran, Chongwei 1956. "Effectiveness of rock fracture sealing with bentonite grouting." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278016.
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A new fracture grouting technology has been developed to meet the requirements of high-level nuclear waste isolation. Bentonite fracture grouting tests are performed on a fracture model, made of circular acrylic plates with outer diameter of 30 cm and a central injection hole of 2.5 cm diameter. Suspensions with bentonite concentration of 9% to 31% have been injected into fractures with apertures of 9 to 39 microns under injection pressures less than 0.5 MPa. After grouting, the hydraulic conductivities of the fractures are reduced from the 10-1 to the 10-5 cm/s level. When the suspension is thin enough and the fracture is very small, channeling develops in the grouted fractures. Preliminary results indicate that the permeability of a grouted fracture does not increase with time in 125 days. The flow properties of bentonite suspensions, viscosity, shear stress, yield stress and gelation, are investigated. Water flow through ungrouted fractures and movement of water in bentonite grout are studied.
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SAVELY, JAMES PALMER. "PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF FRACTURED ROCK MASSES." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184249.
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Stability analysis of rock masses composed of small, discrete rock blocks that are in-place and interlocked should consider four components of failure: (1) Sliding between blocks. (2) Shearing through rock blocks. (3) Rolling blocks in a shear zone. (4) Crushing of rock blocks. Statistical rock mass description is used to define the characteristics of the rock blocks and the block assemblage. Clastic mechanics is one method of predicting stresses produced by the arrangement of rock blocks and the loading conditions. Failure begins at a point of maximum stress behind the slope. Progression of the failure is assumed if the first block fails because adjacent blocks will become overstressed. The location of the point of maximum stress is determined from the shape and arrangement of the constituent rock blocks. Because strength is mobilized block-by-block rather than instantaneously along a continuous shear surface, sliding between blocks shows less stability than a soil rotational shear analysis or a rigid block sliding analysis. Shearing through rock blocks occurs when maximum shear stress exceeds rock shear strength. Crushing of rock blocks is predicted if the normal stress exceeds the compressive strength of the rock block. A size-strength relationship is combined with the rock block size distribution curve to estimate crushing strength. Rotating blocks in a shear zone have been observed in model studies and as a mechanism in landslides. Stability analysis assumes that the rock mass is sufficiently loosened by blasting and excavation to allow blocks to rotate. The shear strength of rolling blocks is dynamic shear strength that is less than static sliding shear strength. This rolling mechanism can explain release of slope failures where there are no other obvious structural controls. Stability of each component of rock mass failure is calculated separately using capacity-demand reliability. These results are combined as a series-connected system to give the overall stability of the rock mass. This probability of failure for the rock mass system explicitly accounts for the four components of rock mass failure. Criteria for recognizing rock mass failure potential and examples applying the proposed method are presented.
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Zhang, Wenbing. "A method and program for quantitative description of fracture data and fracture data extrapolation from scanline or wellbore data /." May be available electronically:, 2001. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full textBooks on the topic "Rock Fracture"
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Zhao, Yu, Kun Zheng, and Chaolin Wang. Rock Fracture Mechanics and Fracture Criteria. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5822-7.
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Shah, Surendra P., and Stuart E. Swartz, eds. Fracture of Concrete and Rock. Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3578-1.
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SEM-RILEM International Conference (1987 Houston, Tex.). Fracture of concrete and rock. Edited by Shah S. P, Swartz Stuart E, Society for Experimental Mechanics (U.S.), and RILEM Committee 89-FMT Fracture Mechanics of Concrete, Test Methods. Springer-Verlag, 1989.
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McWilliams, P. C. Estimation of shear strength using fractals as a measure of rock fracture roughness. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.
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McWilliams, P. C. Estimation of shear strength using fractals as a measure of rock fracture roughness. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Rock Fracture"
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Peng, Liu. "Study on Failure Process of Freeze–Thaw Fractured Rock Under Multistage Cyclic Loads." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2532-2_12.
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AbstractIn order to further study the failure characteristics of freeze-thawed rocks in the alpine region under multistage cyclic loads, a numerical simulation analysis was carried out with RFPA2D software, taking the natural fractured granite from the Beizhan Iron Mine in Hejing County, Xinjiang Province as an example. The results show that the degree of natural fracture determines the fracture form of rock, and when the degree of natural fracture is large, the rock will eventually undergo shear slip failure along the natural fracture. When natural fissure rock is subjected to load, its initial structural deterioration occurs at the fissure, and tensile failure occurs. When the natural fracture expands to a certain extent, the rock begins to undergo large-scale compressive shear failure, which eventually leads to shear-slip failure of the fractured rock. The failure mode of fractured rock is affected by the degree of fracture development, the degree of penetration and the inclination Angle.
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Zhao, Yu, Yongfa Zhang, and Pengfei He. "Formation of Complex Networks." In Hydraulic Fracturing and Rock Mechanics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2540-7_9.
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AbstractWhen a hydraulic fracture interacts with multiple natural fractures (such as bedding planes, faults, weak interlayers, and formation interfaces) in the formation, arrests, bifurcations, crossings, and openings may occur, contributing to forming a complex fracture network (referred as CFN). Shale differs from other types of rocks due to its apparent bedding anisotropy, making it easier to form complex fracture networks during hydraulic fracturing. A mass of field hydraulic fracturing data and laboratory studies have confirmed that the hydraulic fractures generated in shale reservoirs are not bi-wing planar fractures in homogeneous media, but multi-dimensional, asymmetric, and non-planar complex hydraulic fractures (as shown in Fig. 9.1) (Liu et al. in Guti Lixue Xuebao/Acta Mech Solida Sin 37:34–49, 2016; Xiao in Research of hydraulic fracturing dynamic propagation in fractured reservoirs, 2014; Guo and Wang in J Eng Geol 26:118–128, 2016).
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Zhao, Yu, Yongfa Zhang, and Pengfei He. "Fracture Interaction Behaviors." In Hydraulic Fracturing and Rock Mechanics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2540-7_8.
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AbstractProblems arising from hydraulic fracturing involve the nonlinear coupling of rock deformation and fluid flow, the nonlocal character of the fracture elastic response, the time dependence of fracture propagation and the interacting interference between the pre-existing and induced fractures.
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Zhao, Yu, Kun Zheng, and Chaolin Wang. "Introduction." In Rock Fracture Mechanics and Fracture Criteria. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5822-7_1.
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AbstractFor rock engineering projects, the cutting and fragmenting of rocks has attracted much attention. Exploring the fracture characteristics of rocks is helpful in achieving efficient and sustainable excavation for mining and tunneling engineering.
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Zhao, Yu, Kun Zheng, and Chaolin Wang. "Mixed-Mode I/II Fracture." In Rock Fracture Mechanics and Fracture Criteria. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5822-7_4.
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AbstractAs the inherent nature of rocks, natural cracks play a remarkable part in controlling the mechanics and permeability responses in rock masses. Due to the intense stress concentration at their neighborhoods, these cracks are extensively recognized as the initial locations for the initiation, extension, and convergence of cracking.
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Zang, Arno, and Ove Stephansson. "Rock Fracture Criteria." In Stress Field of the Earth’s Crust. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8444-7_3.
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Murthy, Chivukula S. N. "Mechanics of Indentation Fracture." In Rock Indentation. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429019951-3.
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Zhao, Yu, Yongfa Zhang, and Pengfei He. "Fracture Initiation." In Hydraulic Fracturing and Rock Mechanics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2540-7_6.
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AbstractField in-situ constant-flow hydraulic fracturing test is an important technique to determine the tectonic stress field. Classical hydraulic fracturing mechanics regards the maximum tensile stress criterion as the critical initiation condition, which assumes that the hydraulic fracture initiates and expands when the maximum effective tangential stress around the wellbore is larger than the tensile strength of the rock, resulting in tensile failure of the rock.
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Zhao, Yu, Yongfa Zhang, and Pengfei He. "Fracture Propagation." In Hydraulic Fracturing and Rock Mechanics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2540-7_7.
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AbstractIn previous theories regarding hydraulic fracture propagation, it is usually assumed the fluid pressure within the hydraulic fracture is constant in the calculation of the surrounding stress field. The actual fluid pressure during fracturing process, however, is often fluctuating, due to the disturbance of the irregular surface of rock fracture and the viscous flow of fracturing fluid.
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Merembayev, Timur, and Yerlan Amanbek. "Natural Fracture Network Model Using Machine Learning Approach." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2023 Workshops. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37114-1_26.
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AbstractA fracture network model is a powerful tool for characterizing fractured rock systems. In this paper, we present the fracture network model by integrating a machine learning algorithm in two-dimensional setting to predict the natural fracture topology in porous media. We also use a machine learning algorithm to predict the fracture azimuth angle for the natural fault data from Kazakhstan. The results indicate that the fracture network model with LightGBM performs better in designing a fracture network parameter for hidden areas based on data from the known area. In addition, the numerical result of the machine learning algorithm shows a good result for randomly selected data of the fracture azimuth.
Conference papers on the topic "Rock Fracture"
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Mei, Z., W. Li, W. Jin, G. Neupane, and T. Atkinson. "Fluid Flow in a Fracture Network Under Changing Stresses: A Laboratory Study." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0170.
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ABSTRACT: Fluid flow in fractured rocks is ubiquitous in natural and human-induced subsurface processes. Subsurface technologies, such as in-situ mining, CO2 storage and geothermal exploitations, require large contact areas between the flowing fluid and the rock to facilitate efficient heat and mass transport and, therefore, ensure the effectiveness of these technologies. Much of the experimental research on fluid flow in fractures has focused on a single fractures in a rock specimen, which leaves the fluid flow in fracture networks under changing stresses largely unexplored. Here, we study fluid flow in a fracture network under changing stresses using a triaxial system. We create the fracture network composed of five orthogonal fractures in rock specimens by assembling six saw-cut rock parts. We measure the overall permeability of the fracture networks under changing vertical and horizontal stresses. We find that the fracture network permeability decreases when the vertical and horizontal stresses both increase. A greater reduction of permeability is observed with increasing horizontal stress than that with increasing vertical stress. We show that this phenomenon results from the larger total area of the vertical fractures than that of the horizontal fractures, making the fracture network more sensitive to horizontal stress changes. Our study shows the importance of the relative orientations between the fractures and the stresses in determining the permeability of the fracture network. This insight can be incorporated to improve the discrete and continuum modeling of fracture networks. 1 INTRODUCTION Fracture networks are the "highways" for the fluid flow in subsurface rock-fluid systems. They provide a fast path for contaminant transport in fractured aquifers (Tsang and Tsang, 1987; Grisak and Pickens, 1980; Grisak et al., 1980). They could increase the permeability of a geothermal reservoir and, at the same time, reduce the heat extraction efficiency by inducing short-circuiting (Gee et al., 2021). They can also localize the dissolution of porous rocks to the fracture along and induce larger cavities earlier (Li et al., 2021). The overall permeability of a fracture network is affected by the fracture orientation, stress conditions, and fluid pressure. Understanding and predicting the the fracture network permeability as the stresses and pore pressure changes are important for many engineering applications in the subsurface rock-fluid systems.
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He, Yongsheng, Xuanhe Tang, Haiyan Zhu, et al. "Research on Productivity Recovery Mechanism of Fractured Parent Well of Interwell Stereodimensional Infill Well in Fuling Shale Gas Reservoir, Sichuan Basin." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0432.
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ABSTRACT During the fracturing process of infill wells in the Fuling shale gas reservoir, it was found through real-time monitoring of fracturing that the monitored pressure of the parent well increased to different degrees when each fractured stage of the adjacent infill wells was fractured, and a significant increase in production following the re-opening of the well. To study the production and pressure recovery mechanisms of parent well associated with the infill well fracturing, a coupled flow and geomechanics model was established based on the comprehensive work flow of four-dimensional in-situ stress during the devolopement of multi-layer three-dimensional infill horizontal well in shale gas reservoir. In the integrated modeling, a natural fractures network was embedded in the geological model firstly. Second, a fracturing model is developed to simulate hydraulic fracture propagation of parent wells. Thirdly, a coupling flow and geomechanics model was established to simulate the spatiotemporal stress evolution in a multilayer shale gas reservoir with complex fracture geometry. Finally, the complex hydraulic fractures propagation of the infill well was stimulated. It can be concluded from the simulation results that: (1) Reservoir stress changes are influenced by fracture modification, but the range of stress evolution is greater than the range of fracture modification; (2) The natural fracture zone connects the fractured wells to the producing wells, and the fluid can be run long distances through the natural fracture zone to the fracture modification edge of the old wells to achieve the fracturing of more wells and to increase the production of the old wells (3) The fractures(tennsile fractures, shear fractures) communicating between the fractured edges of the tightened wells and the old wells are able to transfer fracturing fluids and add production to the old wells. This discovery is beneficial to the production of fractured encrypted wells and the continued high production of old wells.
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McLean, M. L., D. N. Espinoza, and B. Ahmmed. "Evolution of Hydraulic Fracture Permeability in EGS Considering Natural Fracture Compressibility and Strength of the Surrounding Rock." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0853.
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ABSTRACT: The long-term success of an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) project requires distributed fluid flow in created fractures, ideally each with uniform and moderate permeability to avoid early thermal breakthrough. Yet, thermal depletion causes fracture opening, increasing the likelihood of flow channeling in areas with high fracture permeability. Furthermore, the effective reservoir rock stiffness (including natural fracture compliance) has a first-order impact on thermally induced stress changes, and thus fracture permeability. The objective of this work is to explore the role of thermal depletion on hydraulic fracture permeability considering a non-linear elastoplastic geothermal reservoir response. We utilize three-dimensional numerical simulations based on effective medium theory of fractured rocks to implicitly account for natural fracture compressibility and strength. Results demonstrate that a portion of the thermal strain-induced by cooling- is absorbed by natural fracture compressibility, which reduces the overall stress change, and tends to attenuate hydraulic fracture opening. Critically stressed natural fractures can yield during operation and decrease the likelihood of flow channeling. Lastly, the modeling results indicate that linear elastic models tend to overpredict fracture opening compared to models that account for effective properties of fractured rock masses. 1 INTRODUCTION Predictions of recoverable heat energy from Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs with models that neglect stress-dependent and non-linear fracture permeability are conservative estimates (Kohl et al., 1995). Flow channeling and thermal short-circuiting caused by thermo-poroelastic coupled feedback is often observed early on in field tests and would limit the installed capacity unless efforts were made to improve the flow distribution (MIT, 2006). Localized fracture opening increases injectivity and decreases the geothermal effective reservoir volume by localizing injected flow (Hicks et al., 1996). Hence, reservoir stresses (in-situ and any changes during operation) play a significant role in the distribution of EGS circulation fluid and evolution of fracture permeability (McLean and Espinoza, 2023). Spatial heterogeneity in the initial fracture aperture may further decrease reservoir performance from the beginning because preferential flow paths may exist prior to injection (Guo et al., 2016).
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Urbancic, T. I., and S. C. Maxwell. "Microseismic Imaging of Fracture Behavior in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs." In SPE/ISRM Rock Mechanics Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/78229-ms.
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Cao, Meng, and Mukul M. Sharma. "Creation of a Data-Calibrated Discrete Fracture Network of the Utah FORGE Site." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0822.
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ABSTRACT Three single-cluster hydraulic fracture stages were pumped at the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) site in Milford, Utah. Our goal was to develop a robust model to accurately represent the formation of fracture networks in this naturally fractured geothermal reservoir. To begin this process, we used geological and geophysical data and data from one-dimensional Fullbore Formation MicroImager (FMI) to build a discrete fracture network model for the natural fractures. The natural fracture network (DFN) was built stochastically with areal density, length, and orientation distribution of natural fractures. We then took one-dimensional synthetic cores to ensure that the number and density of fractures per unit length of the core matched with the actual measurements (for each fracture set) until the best statistical description of natural fractures was found. The length distribution of natural fractures was simulated using a power law distribution. INTRODUCTION Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) is a dedicated laboratory for developing, testing, and accelerating breakthroughs in EGS technologies to advance the use of geothermal resources (Department of Energy, 2022). Natural fractures have been indicated by outcrop data and Fullbore Formation MicroImager (FMI) log data. Most of the data can be found directly or indirectly in the Geothermal Data Repository (GDR), which includes data from Utah FORGE, as well as all data collected from other researchers funded by the Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO) (Department of Energy, 2022). Fig. 1 shows the locations of the vertical pilot well (58-32), the highly deviated injection well (16A(78)-32), and another deep vertical well (56-32). In this paper, based on the data provided by these wells, a discrete fracture network (DFN) was developed to characterize the natural fracture network. Fractures are explicitly expressed in the form of planes of weakness. A DFN realization (Fig. 2) is built with a specified distribution of fracture orientation, length, and density (Cao et al., 2023). A model that can simulate fracture propagation in naturally fractured reservoirs can be found in Cao and Sharma (2023, 2022a, 2022b).
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Liu, Xiongwei, Bing Zhao, Zikang Wang, et al. "Numerical Simulation on Fracture Propagation Behaviors in Grid-like Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs in Shunbei." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0888.
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ABSTRACT: The carbonate formations are characterized by developing continuous grid-like fractured structures, which pose a great challenge on effective hydraulic fracturing. In order to investigate the fracture propagation behavior in such grid-like fracture carbonate reservoirs and the interaction between hydraulic fracture and grid-like fracture, we employed a Unconventional Fracture Model (UFM) based on the boundary element approach in this paper to simulate the fracturing process in fractured carbonate reservoirs. The effects of key geological and engineering parameters such as fracture approach angle, pump displacement, and stress difference on stimulated reservoir volume were analyzed, and well trajectories were also optimized. Under the condition of Shunbei carbonate reservoir, when the angle α between the grid-like fracture and the horizontal well is 90°, the hydraulic fracture tends to extend parallel to the direction of the grid-like fracture, when α is 45°, the hydraulic fracture tends to penetrate the grid-like fracture and then propagate along the maximum principal stress, and when α is less than 45°, the hydraulic fracture tends to penetrate the grid-like fracture and then be captured by the natural fracture. In the Shunbei reservoirs, with a local stress difference of 40 MPa, the optimal pump displacement is 4∼6 m3/min. 1. INTRODUCITON Marine carbonate reservoirs are rich for oil and gas resources. In world's proven oil and gas reserves, 60% in the marine carbonate reservoirs, that has become a key area of oil and gas exploitation. Among the marine carbonate reservoirs, grid-like fractured reservoirs is a special structure. Marine carbonate reservoirs are stretched and shear by geological processes, forming deep faults and grid-like fractured zones, that are grid-like fractured reservoirs. Which generally exist in ultra-deep, high-temperature and high-pressure geologic environments, and have received focused attention in recent years (Wang W et al., 2023; LI Y et al., 2022). Currently, hydraulic fracturing is the main means for exploiting grid-like fracture reservoirs. However, hydraulic fracturing communication large grid-like fractures and many natural fractures has limited, and the classical theory of fracture propagation is not applicable (Hui G et al., 2023). Therefore, to study the propagation law of hydraulic fracture in grid-like fracture reservoirs is important. So far, many scholars have conducted a lot of research on the interaction between hydraulic fracture and grid-like fracture (Zhang Q et al., 2021). However, fracture propagation in grid-like fracture Still have not theoretical support, and the mechanism of hydraulic fracture propagation in grid-like fractured reservoirs is not clear. Based on the UFM model and with the help of Kinetix (Kresse O et al., 2013), which is an integrated software platform for geo-engineering. The authors modeled the grid-like fractured reservoirs, and studied the propagation of hydraulic fracture under the condition of grid-like fracture medium (Ma D C et al., 2023).
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Luo, Pandeng, Chunyue Li, Yaoyao Sun, et al. "Laboratory Study of Fracture Propagation Behaviors in Fractured-Cavity Carbonate Reservoirs in Shunbei Oilfield." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0884.
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ABSTRACT: In order to determine the interaction behaviors between artificial fracture and nature fracture-cavity, we performed a laboratory true tri-axial fracturing experiment on natural carbonate outcrops with Mico-fracture and pores, and the natural fracture-cavity are simulated by pre-existing fracture-cavity. The propagation of artificial fractures is investigated by changing the approach angle for fracture and maximum horizontal stress, and arrangement of pre-existing cavity. Moreover, re-injection experiments are used to evaluate the conductivity of fractures. The results indicate that the extension of fractures in pre-existing fractured-cavity carbonate rocks is random. The extension of artificial fracture is steering when it encounters pre-existing cavity. Three interaction modes occur between artificial fracture and pre-existing fracture, and the large approach angle allows the artificial fracture to pass through the pre-existing fracture. Artificial fracture is always captured by pre-existing fracture, and the tortuosity is greater in the process of propagation. The breakdown pressure of pre-existing fracture-cavity carbonate rocks is about 50% lower compared to that of tight carbonate rock. Pre-existing fracture-cavity make the conductivity greater of effective fracture, but the length of effective fracture is not conducive to the conductivity. This research may contribute to the field application of hydraulic fracturing in carbonate formation. 1. INTRODUCTION The increase of burial depth causes the gradual decrease of carbonate porosity, which is a past view on the lack of high-quality reservoirs in deep carbonate rocks (SCHMOKER J W et al., 1982; EHRENBERG S N et al., 2009). In recent years, 60 % of the world ‘s new oil and gas reserves come from deep strata, and the exploration potential is huge (Wei C et al., 2017; Sun K et al., 2022). The deep strata of oil and gas reserves and production of marine carbonate rocks in Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin have been increasing rapidly year by year, which has attracted wide attention from the industry. In the proven deep strata of carbonate reservoirs, two-thirds belonging to the type of fractured-cavity reservoirs (Guo W et al., 2022). Complex spatial structure is the characteristic of fractured-cavity reservoir, mainly including matrix pores, karst cavity, and natural fractures with different development degrees (Durrani M Z A et al., 2021; Tian F et al.,2019; Sun, K et al., 2021). Due to the extreme heterogeneity and complex flow environment of facture-cavity carbonate formation, that is a challenge to increase oil and gas extraction rate (Tian F et al.,2016; Dmitriy A. Martyushev et al., 2022).
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Han, Yanhui, Bo Luo, Frank Chang, and Wenwen Li. "Numerical Investigation of Particle Bridging near Fracture Entrance." In 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-2022.
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ABSTRACT: Particle transport and bridging inside fractures is an important subject in wellbore drilling and completion. For example, when drilling naturally fractured formations, depleted formations, and offshore formations where fractures can be easily induced or reactivated, loss circulation material (LCM) containing high loading of solid particles is commonly used to seal the pre-existing or newly created fractures to prevent mud loss. The particles are expected to bridge the fracture at the entrance area to maximize the sealing effectiveness and efficiency. A different example is the well completion with hydraulic fracturing, in which the proppant particles are injected with fracturing fluids to keep the fractures open after the fracturing pressure is released. To maximize the opening area of the fractures thus the well productivity, the placement of the proppant particles is expected to reach the far region of the fractures, so the particle bridging near the fracture entrance should be avoided. On the other hand, should the objective be promoting multiple fractures, particle bridging against a pre-existing or dominant fracture is beneficial to redirect the fracturing fluid into less conductive fractures. The ability to predict the bridging location and time with given solid particle size and concentration, fluid viscosity and operating parameters will help design drilling fluid, LCM, fracturing fluid, and diverting materials. In this work, a simulator is developed for numerically experimenting the particle bridging in the entrance area of a fracture. The fluid flow in the fracture is simulated by pipe network flow model. The equation of particle advection with fluid is solved using the upwind numerical scheme. The particle bridging is evaluated using a blocking criterion proposed in the literature. After all the implemented computational components are tested and verified, extensive parametric studies are then performed to experiment how various parameters, including particle size and concentration, fluid viscosity and injection rate, influence the particle bridging location and time near the entrance area. Accordingly, a few recommendations are provided to assist the design and selection of diverting and LCM agents.
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Karimi, Omid, Marie-Helene Fillion, and P. Dirige. "A quantitative numerical assessment of blast-induced damage in an open pit bench blast using a propagating gas pressure boundary condition." In The IV Nordic Symposium on Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. Jarðtæknifélag Íslands og Jarðgangafélag Íslands, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/nrock2023.7.
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"One of the cost-effective methods used for rock breakage in mining is drilling and blasting. In open pit mining, blast-induced damage can reduce the level of stability of benches and pit slopes, which is a concern for the safety of mine personnel. Rock fracturing and fragmentation by blasting is the result of the coalescence of existing and new fractures (created by the blast) in the rock mass. The stress waves affect the rock mass in a few milliseconds while the effects of gas pressure last in the scale of hundreds of milliseconds and have a greater effect on rock fragmentation. The presence of in-situ fractures can have a significant impact on the extent of blast-induced damage beyond the intended area of the blast. These fractures are generally preferential paths of least resistance for the explosive energy. It is therefore necessary to account for the effect of the in-situ fracture network to reliably characterize fracture development and blast-induced damage. Discrete fracture networks (DFN) are representations of joint systems and can estimate the distribution of insitu fractures within a rock mass. The combined finite (FEM)/discrete (DEM) element method (or FDEM) is a useful tool to simulate the complex rock blasting process. FEM is used for calculating stress distribution and displacements before fracturing (static phase) and, once the fracture process begins, DEM is used for simulating the fractured medium (large displacement phase). The principal objective of this paper is to develop a DFN-based numerical FDEM model to assess the influence of gas pressure on blast-induced damage using a propagating boundary condition, which simulate the effect of gas pressure on a growing network of fractures. A two-holes open pit bench blast was simulated in 2D environment. In this simulation, gas pressure was applied on a propagating boundary (boundary of developed fractures). The numerical model is simulated based on rock and blast properties obtained from an operating open pit mine. The level of blast-induced damage was quantified based on the area of the blast damage zone and the intensity of blast-induced fractures. The results show that the propagating boundary condition provides a realistic simulation of blast holes interaction and blast-induced fracture development."
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Cao, Meng, Shuang Zheng, and Mukul M. Sharma. "Integrating a Boundary Element Method Based Hydraulic Fracturing Simulator with a Compositional Reservoir Simulator for Well Lifecycle Simulations." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0382.
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ABSTRACT In this paper we present an integrated DDM-based hydraulic fracturing-compositional reservoir simulator that can simulate each phase in the lifecycle of a hydraulically fractured well from hydraulic fracturing to shut-in, to flowback/production and gas huff-n-puff improved oil recovery. The new model is first bench marked against our in-house fully 3-D model of a penny-shaped propagating fracture by comparing the width distribution and fracture geometry. Then, the model is used to simulate production from complex fracture networks in 3-D. The results show that the reservoir drainage area is constrained by the geometry of the fracture network. The impact of pre-existing natural fractures is investigated by propagating a hydraulic fracture with and without natural fractures and conducting production from the propagated fracture networks using the compositional simulator. The results show that: (1) natural fractures can enhance well productivity from a more compact reservoir region closer to the production well, and (2) it is important to use realistic natural fracture geometry models for history matching well production. Finally, to illustrate the model capabilities, the model is used to investigate well drawdown strategies. Results show that aggressive drawdown strategies can be used in rocks with low clay content. INTRODUCTION Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have been employed to unlock oil and gas resources from unconventional reservoirs, including naturally fractured formations. To achieve the maximum oil and gas recovery from the subsurface, a model is needed to provide guidance on fracture treatment design and production for a well lifecycle. However, most current fracturing simulators and reservoir simulators are separate from each other, which results in restrictions for how they can be used to simulate different phases in the life of a well. In this paper, a novel fracturing-reservoir simulator is presented by integrating the displacement discontinuity method (DDM)-based hydraulic fracturing simulator with a compositional simulator for a naturally fractured formation. Many techniques have indicated the existence of pre-existing natural fractures, such as fiber optic-based sensing, microseismic evaluation, pressure interference analysis, geochemistry analysis, and slant core wells (Cao and Sharma, 2022a; Ciezobka, 2021; Zhang et al., 2022). The presence of natural fractures can result in the formation of complex fracture networks, such as at Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site #1 (HFTS #1) and HFTS #2 (Bessa et al., 2021; Cao et al., 2023; Cao and Sharma, 2023a; Gale et al., 2021; Pudugramam et al., 2021; Shrivastava et al., 2018). Since these complex fractures can have a direct impact on the productivity of an unconventional reservoir, it is important to accurately capture the formation of propagated fracture networks with pre-existing natural fractures.
Reports on the topic "Rock Fracture"
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Olsson, O., P. Anderson, S. Carlsten, L. Falk, B. Niva, and E. Sandberg. Fracture Characterization in Crystalline Rock By Borehole Radar. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/133657.
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Woffington, Austin. Effect of grain strength distribution on rock fracture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/576770.
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Blair, S. C. Analysis of compressive fracture in rock using statistical techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/90212.
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Coakley, K. J. Spatial statistics for predicting flow through a rock fracture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5917213.
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Kovscek, A., D. Tretheway, and C. Radke. Foam flow through a transparent rough-walled rock fracture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/83839.
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Holloway, A. L. Fracture Mapping in Granite Rock using Ground Probing Radar. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/133651.
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Herbert H.. Einstein, Jay Miller, and Bruno Silva. Experimental and Analytical Research on Fracture Processes in ROck. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948451.
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Ahn, J., P. L. Chambre, T. H. Pigford, and W. W. L. Lee. Radionuclide dispersion from multiple patch sources into a rock fracture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5539594.
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Um, Wooyong, and Hun Bok Jung. Results of Laboratory Scale Fracture Tests on Rock/Cement Interfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1047420.
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James W. Castle, Ronald W. Falta, David Bruce, Larry Murdoch, Scott E. Brame, and Donald Brooks. Fracture Dissolution of Carbonate Rock: An Innovative Process for Gas Storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918425.
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