Journal articles: 'Rock fungi'

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Tang, Yuan, and Bin Lian. "Diversity of endolithic fungal communities in dolomite and limestone rocks from Nanjiang Canyon in Guizhou karst area, China." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 58, no. 6 (2012): 685–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w2012-042.

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The endolithic environment, the tiny pores and cracks in rocks, buffer microbial communities from a number of physical stresses, such as desiccation, rapid temperature variations, and UV radiation. Considerable knowledge has been acquired about the diversity of microorganisms in these ecosystems, but few culture-independent studies have been carried out on the diversity of fungi to date. Scanning electron microscopy of carbonate rock fragments has revealed that the rock samples contain certain kinds of filamentous fungi. We evaluated endolithic fungal communities from bare dolomite and limestone rocks collected from Nanjiang Canyon (a typical karst canyon in China) using culture-independent methods. Results showed that Ascomycota was absolutely dominant both in the dolomite and limestone fungal clone libraries. Basidiomycota and other eukaryotic groups (Bryophyta and Chlorophyta) were only detected occasionally or at low frequencies. The most common genus in the investigated carbonate rocks was Verrucaria. Some other lichen-forming fungi (e.g., Caloplaca , Exophiala , and Botryolepraria ), Aspergillus , and Penicillium were also identified from the rock samples. The results provide a cross-section of the endolithic fungal communities in carbonate rocks and help us understand more about the role of microbes (fungi and other rock-inhabiting microorganisms) in rock weathering and pedogenesis.

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Fomina, Marina, Euan P. Burford, Steve Hillier, Martin Kierans, and Geoffrey M. Gadd. "Rock-Building Fungi." Geomicrobiology Journal 27, no. 6-7 (2010): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451003702974.

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Jongmans, A. G., N. van Breemen, U. Lundström, et al. "Rock-eating fungi." Nature 389, no. 6652 (1997): 682–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/39493.

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Sastoque, Angie Paola, José Francisco Cano-Lira, and Alberto Miguel Stchigel. "Diversity of Rock-Inhabiting Fungi in Tarragona Province, Spain." Journal of Fungi 10, no. 3 (2024): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof10030170.

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Rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF) are usually extremely tolerant or extremophilic, as they can survive on natural and artificial rocks despite being exposed to stressful conditions. RIF have serious negative effects on the appearance and cohesion of rocky substrates, causing the alteration and decomposition of building materials, but also on human and animal health, as they can act as opportunistic pathogens. Their identification is therefore of great importance, especially in urban areas. In the present study, culturing techniques for isolating fungi, and a polyphasic taxonomic approach to their identification, were used to assess the diversity of micromycetes that darken the surfaces of buildings in various villages and cities in Tarragona Province (Spain). Sixty-four species of RIF belonging to forty-one genera were identified, including a new genus (Coccodomyces) and the following six new fungal species: Coccodomyces pleiosporus, Exophiala caementiphila, Exophiala multiformis, Neocatenulostroma spinulosum, Neodevriesia longicatenispora, and Paradevriesia holothallica. Thus, we have established that building materials are ecological niches where a high biodiversity of RIF can develop.

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Solihin, Muhammad Amir, Pujawati Suryatmana, Fajri Syahid Nurhakim, Rina Devnita, and Mahfud Arifin. "Effect of Nanoparticle Phosphate Rock and Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi on Soil P-Potential, P-Retention, Organic Carbon and Base Saturation on Cilembu’s Inceptisols." Materials Science Forum 1044 (August 27, 2021): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1044.143.

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Intensive agricultural cultivation on Cilembu’s Inceptisols has become several soil properties problem for crop production. Nanoparticle phosphate rock and phosphate solubilizing fungi have ability to increase some soil properties content. The research aimed to observe the effect of nanoparticle phosphate rock and phosphate solubilizing fungi on soil P-potential, P-retention, C-organic and base saturation on Cilembu’s Inceptisols. The experiment arranged in Completely Randomized Design. The nanoparticle phosphate rock consisted of 4 levels. The phosphate solubilizing fungi consisted of 2 levels, and 2 replication. Soil P-Potential, P-Retention, C-organic, and Base Saturation were observed. The factors was observed after one month incubation on soil. Results showed that there were an interaction between nanoparticle phosphate rock and phosphate solubilizing fungi on the C-organic after one month incubation. Nanoparticle phosphate rock had affected on C-organic, P-potential and base saturation significantly, but had not affected on P-retention. Utilization of phosphate solubilizing fungi as soil ameliorant had affected significantly on P-potential and C-organic, but had not affected on P-retention and base saturation. Nanoparticle phosphate rock with a dose of 6% had the best effect on increase P-potential and base saturation

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Nugroho, Sutopo Ghani, Dermiyati, Jamalam Lumbanraja, Sugeng Triyono, and Hanung Ismono. "Inoculation Effect of N2-Fixer and P-Solubilizer into a Mixture of Fresh Manure and Phosphate Rock Formulated as Organonitrofos Fertilizer on Bacterial and Fungal Populations." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 18, no. 1 (2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.v18i1.75-80.

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Microbial N2-fixer and P-solubilizer were innoculated in a mixture of fresh manure and phosphate rock formulated as an Organonitrophos fertilizer. The population dynamics of bacteria and fungi growing during the composting process were observed. The inoculation treatments consisted of: K = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers (control), N = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers + N2-fixer (Azotobacter and Azospirillum sp.) , P = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers + P-solubilizer (A. niger and P. fluorescens), and NP = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers + N2-fixer + P-solubilizer. The results showed that inoculation of microbial N2-fixer and combination inoculation of N2-fixer and P-solubilizer increased the total bacterial population compared to that of the control as well as the only inoculation of microbial P-solubilizer on the 14th day of observation in which the bacteria reached the highest population. On all the observation days, the population of fungi in the inoculation of microbial P-solubilizer treatment increased significantly compared to that of the control. However, there was no difference between the populations of fungi in the inoculation of N2-fixer and combination inoculation of N2-fixer and Psolubilizer. The genus of fungy identified in the compost of the mixture of fresh manure and phosphate rock were Chytridium sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., and Fusarium sp.[How to Cite : Nugroho SG, Dermiyati, J Lumbanraja, S Triyono, H Ismono. 2013. Inoculation Effect of N2-Fixer and P-Solubilizer into a Mixture of Fresh Manure and Phosphate Rock Formulated as Organonitrofos Fertilizer on Bacterial and Fungal Populations. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 75-80. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.75][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.75]

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Tang, Yuan, Jian-Zhong Cheng, and Bin Lian. "Characterization of Endolithic Culturable Microbial Communities in Carbonate Rocks from a Typical Karst Canyon in Guizhou (China)." Polish Journal of Microbiology 65, no. 4 (2016): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/17331331.1227667.

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The endolithic environment is a ubiquitous habitat for microorganisms and a critical interface between biology and geology. In this study, a culture-based method and the phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were used to investigate the diversity of endolithic bacteria and fungi in two main types of carbonate rocks (namely dolomite and limestone) from Nanjiang Canyon in Guizhou karst area, China. The results of bacterial diversity indicated that all bacteria isolated from dolomite and limestone rocks were divided into 4 bacterial groups, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. For these two kinds of rocks, Proteobacteria was the first dominant group, and Gammaproteobacteria occupied the greatest proportion which might be closely related to Pseudomonas in phylogeny to be the most dominant genera after isolation. Actinobacteria and Bacillus bacteria were also widespread in these two kinds of rock environments. There were only 9 and 8 strains of fungi isolated from dolomite and limestone respectively, which all belonged to Ascomycota. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on diversity of endolithic culturable bacteria and fungi in carbonate rocks in Guizhou karst region. These microorganisms may play an important and unprecedented role in the carbonate rock weathering during the long history of geological evolution.

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Ryabova, A. S., L. Y. Kuzmina, and N. F. Galimzyanova. "MICROMYCETES IN KARST CAVES." ÈKOBIOTEH 4, no. 4 (2021): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31163/2618-964x-2021-4-4-227-233.

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Micromycetes are an integral part of the microbial community of cave ecosystems, they play the role of decomposers or lead a parasitic lifestyle. Microscopic fungi, including yeast, in caves are isolated from soil, air, water, mineral formations, rock surfaces and even troglobionts. By the ratio of fungi of different temperature regimes and the succession of species, one can inference the relationship between the underground cavity and the surface and the intensity of nutrient intake. Representatives of Chrysosporium, Mucor, Mortierella, Peniciliium, Trihoderma, Aspergillus, Geomyces predominate among microscopic fungi in caves. Micromycetes are actively involved in geochemical transformations of the environment, causing corrosion of rocks, which can pose a danger to the preservation of rock paintings in decorated cavities. Anthropogenic load leads to changes in the composition of microscopic fungi due to an increase in the trophic status of cave ecosystems, as well as due to the possible active transboundary transfer of microorganisms by visitors. The use of underground cavities as tourist sites dictates the need to develop criteria for standardizing the content of micromycetes in the air, taking into account the specifics of caves to ensure the safety of people. This review is aimed at summarizing the accumulated data on the diversity and distribution of microscopic fungi in karst caves.

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Pattirane, Mariam Ceilonwaty Philizya Ainggel, Asri Subkhan Mahulete, and Dessy Ariyani Marasabessy. "Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) pada Berbagai Dosis Pemberian Rock Phosphate dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA)." Jurnal Agrohut 13, no. 2 (2022): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51135/agh.v13i2.159.

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Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor yang mampu memberikan kontribusi dalam upaya peningkatan devisa negara. Pertumbuhan bibit kakao pada media ditentukan oleh berbagai faktor di antaranya adalah pemupukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh berbagai dosis pemberian rock phosphate dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao dan juga menguji interaksi antara dosis rock phosphate dan dosis Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Suli, Kecamatan Salahutu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah pada bulan November 2021- Febuari 2022. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen berbentuk Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK ) 2 faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu dosis rock phosphate yang terdiri atas 5 taraf yaitu 0 g/tanaman, 4 g/tanaman, 8 g/tanaman, 12 g/tanaman, dan 16 g/tanaman. Faktor kedua adalah dosis Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) yang terdiri atas 4 taraf yaitu 0 spora/tanaman (0 g/tanaman), 100 spora/tanaman (4 g/tanaman), 200 spora/tanaman (8 g/tanaman), 300 spora/tanaman (12 g/tanaman). Hasil penelitian didapatkan informasi bahwa pemberian dosis rock Phosphate berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah daun dan luas daun, sedangkan pemberian dosis Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskukar (FMA) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap luas daun. Interaksi antara pemberian rock Phosphate dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) dalam penelitian tidak memperlihatkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap semua peubah pengamatan.

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Aguirre Ramírez, Marisela, Pável Ulianov Martínez-Pabello, María Colín-García, et al. "Unveiling microbial oxidizers in Chihuahuan Desert rock varnish (Mexico): a pioneer study." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 77, no. 1 (2025): A261224. https://doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2025v77n1a261224.

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Arid and semi-arid desert areas characterized by extreme conditions, including northern Mexico, have rocks with micrometric coatings. These coatings are known as desert varnish, an often dark-red microlayer deposited over millennia and developed on different rock types. These microlaminations, rich in clay minerals and Fe- /Mn-oxides, can serve as habitats for various microorganisms, mainly fungi and bacteria. However, the role of microorganisms in these varnish formations is still under debate. In the Chihuahuan desert (Mexico), particularly in the Samalayuca ridge, extensive areas are covered by rocks with desert varnish Here we present a research effort focused on isolating Fe- and Mn-oxidising microorganisms in different culture media, along with directed sequencing. Using a benzidine spot test to detect oxidant species revealed the presence of bacteria and fungi inhabiting these layers. Likewise, we contribute to a better understanding of the formation of desert varnish, representing the first report of specific microorganisms isolated from rock vanish of the Chihuahuan desert.

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Ruibal, Constantino, Laura Selbmann, Serap Avci, Pedro Martin-Sanchez, and Anna Gorbushina. "Roof-Inhabiting Cousins of Rock-Inhabiting Fungi: Novel Melanized Microcolonial Fungal Species from Photocatalytically Reactive Subaerial Surfaces." Life 8, no. 3 (2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life8030030.

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Subaerial biofilms (SAB) are an important factor in weathering, biofouling, and biodeterioration of bare rocks, building materials, and solar panel surfaces. The realm of SAB is continually widened by modern materials, and the settlers on these exposed solid surfaces always include melanized, stress-tolerant microcolonial ascomycetes. After their first discovery on desert rock surfaces, these melanized chaetothyrialean and dothidealean ascomycetes have been found on Mediterranean monuments after biocidal treatments, Antarctic rocks and solar panels. New man-made modifications of surfaces (e.g., treatment with biocides or photocatalytically active layers) accommodate the exceptional stress-tolerance of microcolonial fungi and thus further select for this well-protected ecological group. Melanized fungal strains were isolated from a microbial community that developed on highly photocatalytic roof tiles after a long-term environmental exposure in a maritime-influenced region in northwestern Germany. Four of the isolated strains are described here as a novel species, Constantinomyces oldenburgensis, based on multilocus ITS, LSU, RPB2 gene phylogeny. Their closest relative is a still-unnamed rock-inhabiting strain TRN431, here described as C. patonensis. Both species cluster in Capnodiales, among typical melanized microcolonial rock fungi from different stress habitats, including Antarctica. These novel strains flourish in hostile conditions of highly oxidizing material surfaces, and shall be used in reference procedures in material testing.

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Jangandi, Sharanappa, Chaitra B. Negalur*, Mr Narayan, and H. C. Lakshman. "Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with and without rock phosphate on four forest tree seedlings." International Journal of Bioassays 6, no. 01 (2016): 5204. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2017.01.003.

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The effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria Bacillus polymyxa and AM-mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus fasciculatus with and without rock phosphate treatments on growth of Terminalia paniculata and T. tomentosa were studied in nursery. The results showed that the combined inoculation of both PSB, AM fungi and rock phosphate produced vigorous plant growth of tree seedlings for quick planting. The experiments clearly demonstrated that the combined inoculation of PSB and AM fungi brought marked increase in plant growth, dry matter, and P uptake when, compared to individual inoculants or non-inoculated plants. The increase in growth was attributed to the increase in P uptake in shoots of the seedlings. The results indicated that both organisms have synergistic effect with additional 250 mg RP/kg rock phosphate treatment for T.paniculata Roth. and 150 mgRP/kg for T.tomentosa W.& A. in green house conditions.

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Sibi, G. "Role of phosphate solubilizing fungi during phosphocompost production and their effect on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) plants." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 3, no. 2 (2011): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i2.199.

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Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi (Aspergillus awamori and Trichoderma viride) in phosphocompost preparation along with low grade rock phosphate. Co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing fungi significantly increased the nutrient value of the compost that explores high P-solubilizing potential of A.awamori and T.viride which can be exploited for the solubilization of fixed phosphates thereby enhancing soil fertility and plant growth. Rock phosphate application along with phosphate solubilizing fungi increased 69.2% acid phosphatase and 65% alkaline phosphatase activity over ordinary compost. With co-inoculation, maximum P content (64.3%) was observed followed by single inoculation with A.awamori (62.2%). The present findings revealed that phosphate solubilizing fungi can interact positively in promoting nutrient content of compost and plant growth leading to improved yield.

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Laichmanová, Monika. "New records of Oleoguttula mirabilis and Rachicladosporium antarcticum from James Ross Island, Antarctica." Czech Polar Reports 10, no. 2 (2020): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2020-2-17.

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A group of seven isolates of black meristematic fungi was collected from rocks within the framework of mycological research focused on the study of diversity of rock-inhabiting fungi on James Ross Island in Antarctica. Their identification was based on ITS rDNA sequence comparisons supported by morphological data. Obtained results assigned four analysed strains as Oleoguttula mirabilis and three isolates as Rachicladosporium antarcticum. To the best of our knowledge this is the second report of isolation of these two psychrophilic species from different parts of James Ross Island which imply that they probably represent a common part of its environmental microbial flora.

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Nuppunen-Puputti, Maija, Riikka Kietäväinen, Lotta Purkamo, et al. "Rock Surface Fungi in Deep Continental Biosphere—Exploration of Microbial Community Formation with Subsurface In Situ Biofilm Trap." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010064.

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Fungi have an important role in nutrient cycling in most ecosystems on Earth, yet their ecology and functionality in deep continental subsurface remain unknown. Here, we report the first observations of active fungal colonization of mica schist in the deep continental biosphere and the ability of deep subsurface fungi to attach to rock surfaces under in situ conditions in groundwater at 500 and 967 m depth in Precambrian bedrock. We present an in situ subsurface biofilm trap, designed to reveal sessile microbial communities on rock surface in deep continental groundwater, using Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole, in eastern Finland, as a test site. The observed fungal phyla in Outokumpu subsurface were Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota. In addition, significant proportion of the community represented unclassified Fungi. Sessile fungal communities on mica schist surfaces differed from the planktic fungal communities. The main bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota. Biofilm formation on rock surfaces is a slow process and our results indicate that fungal and bacterial communities dominate the early surface attachment process, when pristine mineral surfaces are exposed to deep subsurface ecosystems. Various fungi showed statistically significant cross-kingdom correlation with both thiosulfate and sulfate reducing bacteria, e.g., SRB2 with fungi Debaryomyces hansenii.

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Kondratiuk, T. O., T. V. Beregova, I. Yu Parnikoza, S. Y. Kondratyuk, and A. Thell. "Microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of Argentine Islands Region: Data from the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition." Acta Botanica Hungarica 62, no. 1-2 (2020): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.5.

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The identification of the diversity of microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of the Argentine Islands in specimens collected during the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition was the purpose of this work. Samples of rock, soil, mosses and lichens of rock micro-habitats of “Crustose lichen sub-formation and fruticose lichen and moss cushion sub-formation” were used in the work. These samples were used for extracting and cultivation of filamentous fungi on dense nutrient media. Determination of physiological and biochemical characteristics and identification of yeast-like fungi were performed using a microbiological analyser ‘Vitek-2’ (‘Bio Merieux’, France). Cultivation of microorganisms was carried out at temperatures from +2 to +37 °C. In results cultures of microscopic fungi of Zygomycota (Mucor circinelloides), Ascomycota (species of the genera cf. Tlielebolus, Talaromyces), representatives of the Anamorphic fungi group (Geomyces pannorum, species of the genera Alternaria, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium) were isolated from Antarctic samples. Microscopic fungi Penicillium spp. were dominated after the frequency in the studied samples (54.5%). Rhodotorula rubra and Candida sp. among isolated yeast fungi, and dark pigmented fungi represented by Aureobasidium pulhdans and Exophiala spp. were identified. The biological properties of a number of isolated fungi (the potential ability to synthesise important biologically active substances: melanins, carotenoids, lipids) are characterised. Mycobiota of rock communities of Argentine Islands is rich on filamentous and yeast fungi similarly to other regions of Antarctica. A number of fungi investigated are potentially able to synthesise biologically active substances. The dark pigmented species of the genera Cladosporium, Exophiala, Aureobasidium pulhdans, capable of melanin synthesis; ‘red’ yeast Rhodotorula rubra (carotenoid producers and resistant to toxic metals); Mucor circinelloides and Geomyces pannorum, lipid producers, are among these fungi. Yeast-like fungi assimilated a wide range of carbohydrates, which will allow them to be further used for cultivation in laboratory and process conditions. The collection of technologically promising strains of microorganisms, part of the Culture Collection of Fungi at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine), is updated with isolated species (strains) of filamentous fungi and yeast – potential producers of biologically active substances, obtained within this study.

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Yang, Shun, Wei Sun, Xingzhong Liu, and Meichun Xiang. "Research status and prospects of rock-inhabiting fungi." Biodiversity Science 24, no. 9 (2016): 1068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17520/biods.2016140.

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Ruibal, C., C. Gueidan, L. Selbmann, et al. "Phylogeny of rock-inhabiting fungi related to Dothideomycetes." Studies in Mycology 64 (2009): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.06.

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Laksono, J., and T. Karyono. "Pemberian Pupuk Fosfat dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Legum Pohon (Indigofera zollingeriana)." Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia 12, no. 2 (2017): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jspi.id.12.2.165-170.

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Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan legum pohon Indigofera terhadap pemberian pupuk fosfat dan fungi mikoriza. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah fungi mikoriza dengan level pemberian M0 : Tanpa Mikoriza, M1 : 5 gr Mikoriza / polybag, M2 : 10 gr Mikoriza/ polybag. Faktor kedua fosfat dengan perlakuan, P0 : Tanpa Pupuk, P1 : Pupuk Rock Fosfat (20% P2O5) 270kg/ha P2 : Pupuk SP-36 (36% P2O5) 150 kg/ha. Hasil penelitian pertumbuhan tanaman indigofera yang diberi perlakuan fungi mikoriza arbuskular dan pupuk fospat menunjukan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap tinggi tanaman, serta berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap diameter batang, jumlah cabang dan jumlah nodul. Pertumbuhan tanaman Indigofera zollligeriana yang diberi pupuk fosfat P2 : Pupuk SP-36 (36% P2O5) 150 kg/ha dan Inokulasi fungi mikoriza M2 :10 gr Mikoriza/ polybag memberikan hasil terbaik pada parameter tinggi tanaman. Kata kunci: Mikoriza, pupuk fosfat, Indigofera, rock pospat

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Schumacher, Julia. "Schwarze Pilze: robuste Multitalente für die Biotechnologie." BIOspektrum 31, no. 2 (2025): 159–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12268-025-2442-8.

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Abstract Knufia petricola is a rock-inhabiting fungus belonging to the polyphyletic group of black fungi. These fungi developed extraordinary – and so far hardly studied – capabilities to thrive in different extreme environments. Accessing the genetic diversity of black fungal genomes and using K. petricola as an alternative host for producing enzymes and secondary metabolites opens perspectives for utilizing these so far little recognized fungi for biotechnological applications.

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Hirsch, P., F. E. W. Eckhardt, and R. J. Palmer Jr. "Fungi active in weathering of rock and stone monuments." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 1384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-401.

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Fungal colonization of sandstone and granite from Antarctica was studied. Granite from a church, sandstones from a monument and a courthouse in Germany, glazed bricks from a German cathedral, and some other stone types were also examined. All samples contained fungi and heterotrophic bacteria, often also cyanobacteria or algae. For cell counting and enrichment of microorganisms the samples were crushed aseptically, suspended in NaCl–Tween-80, plated on oligotrophic media, and incubated at 16–25 °C dark or in dim light. Total biomass was determined as phospholipid-bound phosphate (PLP). Rock samples were also viewed by electron microscopy. Typical viable fungal cell numbers (CFU∙g−1 dry weight) were the following: sandstone 1.6 × 104, granite 6.2 × 105, and glazed bricks 1.2 × 105. Total biomass ranged from 41 (sandstone) to 137 (glaze) nmol PLP∙g−1 dry weight; antarctic sandstone had 88 nmol PLP∙g−1. Fungal genera identified were the following: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Candida, Cladosporium, Paecilomyces, Phoma, Penicillium, and Sporobolomyces. Scanning electron microscopy revealed fungal bridging of open spaces with their hyphae or close contact between fungal hyphae and coccal cells believed to be algae. In some cases fungi were found to produce secondary minerals or their hyphae were covered with partially etched mineral layers. Exopolymer formation was common among the endolithic microorganisms. Mites were found to feed on epiliths. In pure culture, fungi from sandstone produced in 24 h cultures organic acids (citrate, glutamate, pyruvate, malate, succinate, lactate, formate, fumarate, and oxalate). Many of these acids could also be extracted from rock samples. Fungal growth on glucose and mineral powder resulted in up to 60% cation extraction from the mineral. Some fungi were antibiotically active against bacteria or yeasts but also stimulated other bacterial isolates. In summary, epi- and endo-lithic communities contained fungi that probably contribute substantially to the deterioration of many stones and monuments. Key words: rock weathering, biomass, acid excretion, cation extraction.

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Grote, G., and W. E. Krumbein. "Microbial precipitation of manganese by bacteria and fungi from desert rock and rock varnish." Geomicrobiology Journal 10, no. 1 (1992): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490459209377903.

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Alsharmani, Ahmed R., Zakaria M. Solaiman, Matthias Leopold, Lynette K. Abbott, and Bede S. Mickan. "Impacts of Rock Mineral and Traditional Phosphate Fertilizers on Mycorrhizal Communities in Pasture Plants." Microorganisms 11, no. 4 (2023): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11041051.

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Intensive fertilizer use can constrain contributions from soil biological processes in pastures, including those associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We evaluated the effect of fertilizers of different P solubility on the colonization of the roots of two common pasture plants by a community of AM fungi in a pasture soil. The treatments were a rock mineral fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer and a microbial inoculant. Subterranean clover and annual ryegrass were grown in pots for 10 weeks. Both fertilizers reduced the proportion and length of roots colonized by naturally occurring AM fungi. However, by 10 weeks, there was a much greater length of mycorrhizal root for annual ryegrass than for subterranean clover. The relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungi in the families Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae in roots was not affected by the form of fertilizer, but diversity indices of AM fungi in roots were altered. The chemical fertilizer had a greater negative effect on AM fungal diversity indices in the annual ryegrass roots compared with the subterranean clover roots. The reduction in OTU richness of AM fungi with fertilizer application corresponded with reduced soil pH. Differential effects of P fertilizers on naturally occurring AM fungi in this agricultural soil have the potential to influence the efficacy of P fertilizer use and dominance of plant species in grasslands.

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Kowalik, Maria. "Fungi colonizing toxic acid soils in the dumping ground of the "Bełchatów" brown coal mine." Acta Mycologica 33, no. 1 (2014): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1998.013.

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The results of two years' studies on post-mining toxic acid soils of thc "Bełchatów" dumping grounds neutralized with chalk, ash, limestone, burnt lime, and ground phosphate rock are presented. The neutralization with ground phosphate rock and ash had the most favourable effect on the development of soil fungi.

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Rinindra, Riza Jihan, and Bambang Hermiyanto. "Pengaruh Pupuk Hayati Jamur Mikoriza Dan Pupuk Rock Phosphate Terhadap Serapan P, Pertumbuhan serta Hasil Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)." Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian 7, no. 1 (2024): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bip.v7i1.42530.

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Application of mycorrhizal fungi biological fertilizers and rock phosphate fertilizers can increase plant P uptake, growth and yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction between mycorrhizal fungi biofertilizer and rock phosphate fertilizer on P uptake, growth and yield of cayenne pepper. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the application of 0 gr (M0), 10 g (M1) and 20 g (M2) mycorrhizal fungal biofertilizers and the second factor was the application of 0 kg rock phosphate fertilizer or the equivalent of 0 g (R0), 150 kg or 1 g (R1) and 300 kg or 2.6 g (M2). The variables observed were plant height, number of fruit planted, fruit fresh weight, plant fresh weight, root volume, root infection, plant dry weight, root shoot ratio and P uptake. The observed data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and tested further. using Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at 95% confidence level. The results showed that there was no interaction between the application of mycorrhizal fungi biofertilizers and rock phosphate fertilizers. Application of mycorrhizal fungal biofertilizer (M1) can increase the degree of root infection by 72.22%, the number of fruit planted, fruit fresh weight, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, root volume, root infection, P uptake and root shoot ratio. Application of rock phosphate fertilizer can also increase the number of fruit plants, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, root volume and P uptake.

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26

Ascaso, C. "Fossil protists and fungi in amber and rock substrates." Micropaleontology 51, no. 1 (2005): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/51.1.59.

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Ascaso, Carmen, Jacek Wierzchos, Mariela Speranza, et al. "Fossil protists and fungi in amber and rock substrates." Micropaleontology 51, no. 1 (2005): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1661/0026-2803(2005)051[0059:fpafia]2.0.co;2.

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Liu, Bingjie, Rong Fu, Bing Wu, Xingzhong Liu, and Meichun Xiang. "Rock-inhabiting fungi: terminology, diversity, evolution and adaptation mechanisms." Mycology 13, no. 1 (2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2021.2002452.

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van Breemen, Nico, Ulla S. Lundström, and Antoine G. Jongmans. "Do plants drive podzolization via rock-eating mycorrhizal fungi?" Geoderma 94, no. 2-4 (2000): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(99)00050-6.

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Chertov, O., A. Gorbushina, and B. Deventer. "A model for microcolonial fungi growth on rock surfaces." Ecological Modelling 177, no. 3-4 (2004): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.02.011.

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Isola, D., L. Zucconi, S. Onofri, G. Caneva, G. S. de Hoog, and L. Selbmann. "Extremotolerant rock inhabiting black fungi from Italian monumental sites." Fungal Diversity 76, no. 1 (2015): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0342-9.

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Onofri, S., A. Anastasi, G. Del Frate, et al. "Biodiversity of rock, beach and water fungi in Italy." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 145, no. 4 (2011): 978–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2011.633117.

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Schumacher, Julia, and Anna A. Gorbushina. "Light sensing in plant- and rock-associated black fungi." Fungal Biology 124, no. 5 (2020): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2020.01.004.

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Dornieden, T., Α. A. Gorbushina, and W. E. Krumbein. "Änderungen der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Marmor durch Pilzbewuchs / Changes of the physical properties of marble as a result of fungal growth." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 3, no. 5 (1997): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-1997-5207.

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Abstract Influences of the environment attack marble and ultimately destroy it. Especially the black yeast-like fungi which are often found on marbles especially in Mediterranean monuments strongly attack the marble. Colonization of the surface and interspaces inside the rock on experimental rock slabs lead to additional heat absorption and transfer. This imposes a higher dilatation of the marble causing losses of particles and ultimately the désintégration of the rock structure. For the first time the mechanical destruction of rock material by micro-organism is experimentally shown.

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Bonneville, S., F. Delpomdor, A. Préat, et al. "Molecular identification of fungi microfossils in a Neoproterozoic shale rock." Science Advances 6, no. 4 (2020): eaax7599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax7599.

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Precambrian fossils of fungi are sparse, and the knowledge of their early evolution and the role they played in the colonization of land surface are limited. Here, we report the discovery of fungi fossils in a 810 to 715 million year old dolomitic shale from the Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syngenetically preserved in a transitional, subaerially exposed paleoenvironment, these carbonaceous filaments of ~5 μm in width exhibit low-frequency septation (pseudosepta) and high-angle branching that can form dense interconnected mycelium-like structures. Using an array of microscopic (SEM, TEM, and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy) and spectroscopic techniques (Raman, FTIR, and XANES), we demonstrated the presence of vestigial chitin in these fossil filaments and document the eukaryotic nature of their precursor. Based on those combined evidences, these fossil filaments and mycelium-like structures are identified as remnants of fungal networks and represent the oldest, molecularly identified remains of Fungi.

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Surtiningsih, Tini. "BIOREMEDIASI CD DAN KETERSEDIAAN P BATUAN FOSFAT OLEH CENDAWAN EKTOMIKORHIZA (PISOLITHUS TINCTORIUS DAN SUILLUS GRANULATUS) DALAM KULTUR MURNI." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 3, no. 2 (1997): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.3.2.19972.

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Some rock phosphates used as fertilizers or to produce fertilizers which containing very high cadmium and have been suspected to increase trace element content in soild. In order to know if the cadmium can be mobilized, we have studied the bio-remediation of Cd and bio-availibility of P from three rock phosphates (from North Caroline, Togo and Senegal) by ectomycorrhyzal fungi (Pisolithus tinctorius and Suillus granulatus) in pure culture. In pure culture the fungi accumulated 80-100 percent Cd soluble. In the experiments, the percent bio-accumulation or bio-remediation of Cd was not always correlated with the Cd content of the phosphate nor their hardness.

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Minter, D. W., and P. F. Cannon. "Myriospora scabrida . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria 227 (January 2021): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20210391610.

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Abstract A description is provided for Myriospora scabrida , a lichen-forming species occurring on various rock types, particularly sandstone, often but not exclusively associated with heavy metal deposits in old mine spoil heaps and on worked stone. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Tunisia, Greenland, Norway, Afghanistan, Iran, Russia, Austria, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Norway, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Canada (Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Mexico, USA (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, New York, Wyoming)) and associated organisms and substrata (construction materials, mining spoil, Endococcus stigma , rock (granite, sandstone, schist), soil and Chlorococcoid algae).

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Porder, Stephen. "How Plants Enhance Weathering and How Weathering is Important to Plants." Elements 15, no. 4 (2019): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.15.4.241.

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Since land plants emerged from swampy coastlines over 400 million years ago, they have played a fundamental role in shaping the Earth system. Roots and associated fungi increase rock weathering rates, providing access to nutrients, while altering atmospheric CO2. As soils weather, the dissolution of primary minerals forces plants to rely on recycling and atmospheric deposition of rock-derived nutrients. Thus, for many terrestrial ecosystems, weathering ultimately constrains primary production (carbon uptake) and decomposition (carbon loss). These constraints are most acute in agricultural systems, which rely on mined fertilizer rather than the recycling of organic material to maintain production. Humans now mine similar amounts of some elements as weather out of rocks globally. This increase in supply has myriad environmental consequences.

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Piątek, Marcin, Monika Stryjak-Bogacka, and Paweł Czachura. "Arthrocatenales, a new order of extremophilic fungi in the Dothideomycetes." MycoKeys 108 (August 22, 2024): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.108.128033.

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The widely treated order Capnodiales is one of the most important orders in the class Dothideomycetes. Recently, the order Capnodiales s. lat. was reassessed and split into seven orders (Capnodiales s. str., Cladosporiales, Comminutisporales, Mycosphaerellales, Neophaeothecales, Phaeothecales and Racodiales) based on multi-locus phylogeny, morphology and life strategies. In this study, two Arthrocatena strains isolated from sooty mould communities on the leaves of Tilia cordata and needles of Pinus nigra in southern Poland were analyzed. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS-LSU-SSU-rpb2-tef1) along with morphological examination showed that they belong to Capnobotryella antalyensis, which represents a sister taxon to Arthrocatena tenebrosa. Capnobotryella antalyensis is a rock-inhabiting fungus described from Turkey. The following new combination is proposed: Arthrocatena antalyensis. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that Arthrocatena and related genus Hyphoconis, both known previously only from rocks, form a sister lineage to orders Cladosporiales and Comminutisporales. The new order Arthrocatenales and new family Arthrocatenaceae are proposed to this clade. Representatives of this order are extremophilic fungi that live on rocks and in sooty mould communities.

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Selbmann, Laura, Gerardo A. Stoppiello, Silvano Onofri, Jason E. Stajich, and Claudia Coleine. "Culture-Dependent and Amplicon Sequencing Approaches Reveal Diversity and Distribution of Black Fungi in Antarctic Cryptoendolithic Communities." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 3 (2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030213.

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In the harshest environmental conditions of the Antarctic desert, normally incompatible with active life, microbes are adapted to exploit the cryptoendolithic habitat (i.e., pore spaces of rocks) and represent the predominant life-forms. In the rocky niche, microbes take advantage of the thermal buffering, physical stability, protection against UV radiation, excessive solar radiation, and water retention—of paramount importance in one of the driest environments on Earth. In this work, high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches have been combined, for the first time, to untangle the diversity and distribution of black fungi in the Antarctic cryptoendolithic microbial communities, hosting some of the most extreme-tolerant microorganisms. Rock samples were collected in a vast area, along an altitudinal gradient and opposite sun exposure—known to influence microbial diversity—with the aim to compare and integrate results gained with the two approaches. Among black fungi, Friedmanniomyces endolithicus was confirmed as the most abundant taxon. Despite the much stronger power of the high-throughput sequencing, several species were not retrieved with DNA sequencing and were detectable by cultivation only. We conclude that both culture-dependent and -independent analyses are needed for a complete overview of black fungi diversity. The reason why some species remain undetectable with molecular methods are speculated upon. The effect of environmental parameters such as sun exposure on relative abundance was clearer if based on the wider biodiversity detected with the molecular approach.

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41

Piątek, Marcin, Monika Stryjak-Bogacka, and Paweł Czachura. "Arthrocatenales, a new order of extremophilic fungi in the Dothideomycetes." MycoKeys 108 (August 22, 2024): 47–74. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.108.128033.

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The widely treated order Capnodiales is one of the most important orders in the class Dothideomycetes. Recently, the order Capnodiales s. lat. was reassessed and split into seven orders (Capnodiales s. str., Cladosporiales, Comminutisporales, Mycosphaerellales, Neophaeothecales, Phaeothecales and Racodiales) based on multi-locus phylogeny, morphology and life strategies. In this study, two Arthrocatena strains isolated from sooty mould communities on the leaves of Tilia cordata and needles of Pinus nigra in southern Poland were analyzed. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS-LSU-SSU-rpb2-tef1) along with morphological examination showed that they belong to Capnobotryella antalyensis, which represents a sister taxon to Arthrocatena tenebrosa. Capnobotryella antalyensis is a rock-inhabiting fungus described from Turkey. The following new combination is proposed: Arthrocatena antalyensis. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that Arthrocatena and related genus Hyphoconis, both known previously only from rocks, form a sister lineage to orders Cladosporiales and Comminutisporales. The new order Arthrocatenales and new family Arthrocatenaceae are proposed to this clade. Representatives of this order are extremophilic fungi that live on rocks and in sooty mould communities.

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42

Burford, E. P., M. Fomina, and G. M. Gadd. "Fungal involvement in bioweathering and biotransformation of rocks and minerals." Mineralogical Magazine 67, no. 6 (2003): 1127–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461036760154.

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AbstractIn the Earth’s lithosphere, fungi are of fundamental importance as decomposer organisms, animal and plant pathogens and symbionts (e.g. lichens and mycorrhizas), being ubiquitous in sub-aerial and subsoil environments. The ability of fungi to interact with minerals, metals, metalloids and organic compounds through biomechanical and biochemical processes, makes them ideally suited as biological weathering agents of rock and building stone. They also play a fundamental role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, (e.g. C, N, P and S) and metals (e.g. Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Ni) essential for the growth of living organisms in the biosphere. In addition they play an integral role in the mobilization and immobilization of non-essential metals (e.g. Cs, Al, Cd, Hg and Pb). Most studies on mineral-microbe interactions and microbial involvement in geological processes have concentrated on bacteria and archaea (Prokaryota): fungi (Eukaryota) have, to a certain extent, been neglected. This article addresses the role of fungi in geomicrobiological processes, emphasizing their deteriorative potential on rock, building stone and mineral surfaces and involvement in the formation of secondary mycogenic minerals. Such roles of fungi are also of importance for the global carbon reservoir and have potential biotechnological applications, e.g. in the bioremediation of xenobiotic-, metal- and/or radionuclide-contaminated soils and wastes, and metal/radionuclide recovery.

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Su, Lei, Liyun Guo, Yang Hao, Meichun Xiang, Lei Cai, and Xingzhong Liu. "RupestriomycesandSpissiomyces, two new genera of rock-inhabiting fungi from China." Mycologia 107, no. 4 (2015): 831–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/14-305.

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Sterflinger, Katja, and W. E. Krumbein. "Multiple Stress Factors affecting Growth of Rock-inhabiting Black Fungi." Botanica Acta 108, no. 6 (1995): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00526.x.

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Muggia, Lucia, Antonia Fleischhacker, Theodora Kopun, and Martin Grube. "Extremotolerant fungi from alpine rock lichens and their phylogenetic relationships." Fungal Diversity 76, no. 1 (2015): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0343-8.

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Pérez-Ortega, Sergio, Isaac Garrido-Benavent, and Asunción De Los Ríos. "Austrostigmidium, a new austral genus of lichenicolous fungi close to rock-inhabiting meristematic fungi in Teratosphaeriaceae." Lichenologist 47, no. 3 (2015): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282915000031.

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AbstractThe new genus of lichenicolous fungi Austrostigmidium is described from Antarctica and Tierra del Fuego (Chile). It is characterized by the presence of black pseudothecia, pseudoparaphyses, fissitunicate, I−, KI− asci and 3-septate hyaline ascospores. So far, the only known species grows on Mastodia tessellata (Verrucariales, Eurotiomycetes). The new genus is compared with anatomically close genera. Based on nuLSU and nuSSU markers we inferred its phylogenetic relationships and found that it belongs to the family Teratosphaeriaceae (Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) and is closely related to rock-inhabiting fungal species, as well as to the hyphomycetous lichenicolous fungus Xanthoriicola. Finally, the host-parasite interface has been analyzed by means of transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy in order to describe the interactions among the new fungus and the symbionts forming the host lichen.

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Krings, Michael, Carla J. Harper, and Edith L. Taylor. "Fungi and fungal interactions in the Rhynie chert: a review of the evidence, with the description of Perexiflasca tayloriana gen. et sp. nov. †." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1739 (2017): 20160500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0500.

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The Lower Devonian Rhynie chert is one of the most important rock deposits yielding comprehensive information on early continental plant, animal and microbial life. Fungi are especially abundant among the microbial remains, and include representatives of all major fungal lineages except Basidiomycota. This paper surveys the evidence assembled to date of fungal hyphae, mycelial cords and reproductive units (e.g. spores, sporangia, sporocarps), and presents examples of fungal associations and interactions with land plants, other fungi, algae, cyanobacteria and animals from the Rhynie chert. Moreover, a small, chytrid-like organism that occurs singly, in chain-like, linear arrangements, planar assemblages and three-dimensional aggregates of less than 10 to individuals in degrading land plant tissue in the Rhynie chert is formally described, and the name Perexiflasca tayloriana proposed for the organism. Perexiflasca tayloriana probably colonized senescent or atrophied plant parts and participated in the process of biological degradation. The fungal fossils described to date from the Rhynie chert constitute the largest body of structurally preserved evidence of fungi and fungal interactions from any rock deposit, and strongly suggest that fungi played important roles in the functioning of the Early Devonian Rhynie ecosystem. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The Rhynie cherts: our earliest terrestrial ecosystem revisited’.

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48

Gorbushina, Anna A., Kenia Whitehead, Thomas Dornieden, Astrid Niesse, Anette Schulte, and John I. Hedges. "Black fungal colonies as units of survival: hyphal mycosporines synthesized by rock-dwelling microcolonial fungi." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 2 (2003): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-011.

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Microcolonial fungi, long-living modified mycelia frequently occurring on desert and pseudodesert rock surfaces, are exposed to strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation, desiccation, and nutrient scarcity. They lack ascospores; all their cells grow by mitotic cell divisions and possess a thick melanized cell wall. Colonies of several randomly selected microcolonial strains were cultured and their structure was examined by cryo-scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Extracts of nine strains were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry for the presence of mycosporines. These UV-absorbing compounds, common in spores and other survival structures, were thought to be limited to reproductive morphogenesis and unknown in growing hyphae. Mycosporines were present in eight of the strains, and mycosporineglutaminolglucoside (λmax = 310 nm; MH+ = 465) was the major mycosporine detected. Mycosporines present in the vegetative fungal microcolonies may be associated with the high survival potential, nonexpansive intracolonial growth, and longevity of these fungi. Intrahyphal growth and recolonization of old cells by new ones were observed in all strains investigated.Key words: mycosporines, microcolonial fungi, intrahyphal growth, survival, resting structures, rock surface.

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Danin, Avinoam. "Patterns of biogenic weathering as indicators of palaeoclimates in Israel." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 89 (1986): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000009064.

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SynopsisMassive calcareous rocks and stones support lithobiont communities of bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, lichens, and phanerogams in most parts of Israel. The distribution of these communities is influenced by environmental conditions. Moisture regime of their substratum is the most important factor. Many of the lithobiont communities cause typical patterns of weathering that may be preserved on the rock surface or inside the rock for thousands of years. Knowing the climatic affinities of the lithobiont communities, one can use the uncovered in situ rocks and stones and those that were buried in the past as fossil climate recorders. With this method, the following deductions have been made about palaeoclimates in our area: (i) the wettest period ended 30,000 years BP; (ii) a period drier than the present took place sometime between 10,000 and 30,000 years BP; (iii) the Neolithic Period (9,000–10,000 years BP) was much wetter than the present; (iv) since the Chalcolithic Period (5,000 to 6,000 years BP) the climate of Israel has been similar to that of the present.

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Rabelo, Natana G., Vívian N. Gonçalves, Marcelo A. Carvalho, et al. "Endolithic Fungal Diversity in Antarctic Oligocene Rock Samples Explored Using DNA Metabarcoding." Biology 13, no. 6 (2024): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13060414.

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In this study, we evaluated the fungal diversity present associated with cores of Oligocene rocks using a DNA metabarcoding approach. We detected 940,969 DNA reads grouped into 198 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) representing the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, Rozellomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Zoopagomycota, Aphelidiomycota (Fungi) and the fungal-like Oomycota (Stramenopila), in rank abundance order. Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergillaceae sp. and Diaporthaceae sp. were assessed to be dominant taxa, with 22 fungal ASVs displaying intermediate abundance and 170 being minor components of the assigned fungal diversity. The data obtained displayed high diversity indices, while rarefaction indicated that the majority of the diversity was detected. However, the diversity indices varied between the cores analysed. The endolithic fungal community detected using a metabarcoding approach in the Oligocene rock samples examined contains a rich and complex mycobiome comprising taxa with different lifestyles, comparable with the diversity reported in recent studies of a range of Antarctic habitats. Due to the high fungal diversity detected, our results suggest the necessity of further research to develop strategies to isolate these fungi in culture for evolutionary, physiological, and biogeochemical studies, and to assess their potential role in biotechnological applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rock fungi'

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