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Journal articles on the topic 'Rock material types'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Selen, Lena, Krishna Kanta Panthi, Mai Britt Mørk, and Bjørn Eske Sørensen. "Compositional Features and Swelling Potential of Two Weak Rock Types Affecting Their Slake Durability." Geotechnics 1, no. 1 (2021): 172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics1010009.

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Weak and weathered rocks are well known for their sensitivity to changes in moisture content. Degrading behavior is common in weak rocks with moisture-sensitive mineral components and present numerous stability problems. The slake durability is a measure of the resistance to weakening and disintegration of rock materials which quantitatively distinguishes durable from non-durable rock materials. Several rock material parameters interact on the process of disintegration when exposed to cyclic moisture changes, whereby the content of clay is believed to play a major role. This manuscript evaluat

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2

Morozov, Yu A., M. A. Matveev, A. I. Smulskaya, and A. L. Kulakovskiy. "Two genetic types of pseudotachylytes." Доклады Академии наук 484, no. 5 (2019): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524845589-594.

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The study of two varieties of pseudotachylytes (PST) in granitoids of the Riphean complex on the Barents Sea coast of the Kola Peninsula (Rybachii and Srednii peninsulas) and in metapsammite of the Paleoproterozoic complex in the Northern Ladoga region by a few independent analytical methods has made it possible to establish that they belong to different genetic forms, such as mechanically crushed rocks and melting products, respectively. As for the melting differences, we have given a detailed description of the mineral and material transformations of the original rock into the PST glass matr

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3

Li, Diyuan, Bang Li, Zhenyu Han, and Quanqi Zhu. "Evaluation on Rock Tensile Failure of the Brazilian Discs under Different Loading Configurations by Digital Image Correlation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (2020): 5513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165513.

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The fracture behavior of the disc specimens in the Brazilian test is closely related to the reliability and accuracy of the experimental results. To comprehensively investigate the effect of various loading methods and rock material types on the failure mechanism of the Brazilian discs, five different rock types tested with three typical loading methods were employed in this work. The digital image correlation (DIC) method was applied to record and analyze the strain and displacement field of the specimens during the loading process. Experimental results indicate that the peak load and deforma

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Hasanzadehshooiili, Hadi, Ali Lakirouhani, and Jurgis Medzvieckas. "EVALUATING ELASTIC-PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF ROCK MATERIALS USING HOEK–BROWN FAILURE CRITERION." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18, no. 3 (2012): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.693535.

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As a matter of fact, the failure criteria only predict failure's initiation in materials. And, in order to predict post-yield behaviour of materials, a much complicated formulation for stress-strain relationship is required, which we know as plasticity theory. For instance, these formulations are developed based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion for soils and Drucker-Prager criterion for concrete. According to a majority of rock mechanics researchers, the empirical and experimental Hoek-Brown failure criterion is one of the well-progressed and suitable criteria, which can efficiently predict the rock

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5

Kılınçarslan, Şemsettin, Ebru Yılmaz İnce, Ebru Başpınar Tuncay, and Fuzuli Yağmurlu. "Clustering Analysis of Normal Strength Concretes Produced with Different Aggregate Types." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (2018): 918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0100.

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AbstractConcrete is the most commonly used structural material, which is composed of individual base materials. The compressive strength of concrete is important to understand for activities like construction arrangement, prestressing operations, proportioning new mixtures and quality assurance. Concrete has a problem known as Clustering, which is the unsupervised classification of patterns into clusters. The clustering problem has been addressed by several researchers in many contexts and various disciplines; this shows that clustering uses many areas and is an important step in data analysis

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Wanniarachchi, W. A. M., P. G. Ranjith, M. S. A. Perera, T. D. Rathnaweera, Q. Lyu, and B. Mahanta. "Assessment of dynamic material properties of intact rocks using seismic wave attenuation: an experimental study." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 10 (2017): 170896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170896.

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The mechanical properties of any substance are essential facts to understand its behaviour and make the maximum use of the particular substance. Rocks are indeed an important substance, as they are of significant use in the energy industry, specifically for fossil fuels and geothermal energy. Attenuation of seismic waves is a non-destructive technique to investigate mechanical properties of reservoir rocks under different conditions. The attenuation characteristics of five different rock types, siltstone, shale, Australian sandstone, Indian sandstone and granite, were investigated in the labor

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Pan, Yue, Zhiming Zhao, Liu He, and Guang Wu. "A Nonlinear Statistical Damage Constitutive Model for Porous Rocks." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 22, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8851914.

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In the current paper, the deformation behaviours of rocks during compression are studied by testing 10 groups of sandstone samples with different porosity characteristics. According to the energy theory, the rock material was divided into two parts: solid skeleton and voids. A statistical damage-based approach was adopted to establish a nonlinear statistical damage constitutive model. The validity of the statistical damage constitutive model is verified by the test data. The statistical damage constitutive model performs well in each stage of rock compression before failure. For different type

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Latham, J. P., J. P. Hoad, and M. Newton. "Abrasion of a series of tracer materials on a gravel beach, Slapton Sands, Devon, UK." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 13, no. 1 (1998): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1998.013.01.10.

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AbstractWhile increased attention is being paid to the use of quarried rock in groynes, revetments and breakwaters, and to beach recharge, the large volumes of materials and the associated environmental costs of obtaining these resources has begun to focus minds. Interest in the possible future use of a wider range of material sizes and qualities for beach recharge and in the use of smaller armour block sizes which move during profile adjustment has been growing. Deployment of these dynamic materials for coastal protection structures has focussed research on the long-term performance of these

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9

Fu, Huanran, Sijing Wang, Xiangjun Pei, and Weichang Chen. "Indices to Determine the Reliability of Rocks under Fatigue Load Based on Strain Energy Method." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (2019): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030360.

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Rock is a complicated material which includes randomly distributed grains and cracks. The reliability of rocks under fatigue load is very important during the construction and operation of rock engineering. In this paper, we studied the deformation and failure process of red sandstone under fatigue load in a laboratory based on a new division method of strain energy types. The traditional elastic strain energy density is divided into two categories: grain strain energy density and crack strain energy density. We find that the proportion of the grain strain energy density to total strain energy

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Liu, Shi, Jinyu Xu, and Xinyu Fang. "Assessment of impact mechanical behaviors of rock-like materials heated at 1,000°C." High Temperature Materials and Processes 39, no. 1 (2020): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2020-0040.

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AbstractRock acts as a natural brittle material and demonstrates reactions to various dynamic disturbances and high temperature. Mechanical property fluctuations under high temperature and dynamic load for rock materials including marble, sandstone and granite are studied in an underground project of Qinling Mountain in China, exposed to 1,000°C treatments and different strain rate impact loadings. Two main research issues are explored: (1) variations of strength and failure modes of the same high-temperature rock type under different strain rate impact loadings. (2) Comparison of strength and

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11

Skoczylas, Janusz. "Kamienne dziedzictwo wczesnopiastowskiej architektury." Slavia Antiqua. Rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim, no. 58 (June 20, 2018): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sa.2017.58.5.

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In the article I draw attention to the lack of consistency in descriptions of the rock material used to build the first structures in the early Piast state. The role and importance of the types of stone material used at that time are unappreciated, if not downright ignored. I emphasize the fact that the main material used in early-medieval building construction were glacial erratics, sometimes representing up to 98% of the entire building material. Other rocks used in constructing buildings included travertine, sod iron ore, limestone and gypsum. However, I have devoted a lot of attention to t

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Tomanovic, Z., B. Miladinovic, and S. Zivaljevic. "Criteria for defining the required duration of a creep test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 7 (2015): 883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0097.

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Time-dependent behaviour of some types of rocks is of the “creep” type, in particular in underground works, mining works, and in measuring procedures of rock properties. Tests used for defining material parameters or parameters relevant to defining a failure or behaviour of a material in the plastic state are usually of significantly shorter duration than the creep test. The duration of creep tests may vary from several hours to several years depending on the material being tested and the phenomenon that is the subject of the research. The required duration of the creep test, which provides re

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13

Ashour, Hamdy A. "A compressive strength criterion for anisotropic rock materials." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 2 (1988): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-027.

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This paper proposes a general compressive strength criterion for anisotropic rock materials under multiaxial states of stress. The proposed criterion is a generalization of the Von Mises' criterion for yielding of ductile metals, which has also been used previously as a strength criterion for brittle fracture in the spirit of both being limits of linear elastic behavior. The presently proposed criterion takes into consideration the effects of the confining pressure, the various stress components, and the material anisotropy on rock material failure in a multiaxial stress state. To verify the a

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14

Zhang, Yan, and Dawei Yu. "Comparative Study on the Test Method for Tensile Elastic Modulus of Rock Materials." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3161953.

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Rock material has different mechanical behaviors under compressive and tensile loading. Correspondingly, there are two types of elastic modulus: compressive elastic modulus Ec and tensile elastic modulus Et, respectively. To distinguish which indirect test methodology, including three-points bending test and Brazilian disc test, is more suitable to measure the tensile elastic modulus Et of rock materials, a series of uniaxial compressive test (UCT), direct tensile test (DTT), three-points bending test, and Brazilian disc test are performed for three typical types of rock: marble, granite, and

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15

Cai, Ke Jian. "Numerical Analysis for the Excavation of Geotechnical Material in Tunnel and Grouting Effect." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1581.

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Gravity forces can significantly affect the support pressure required for equilibrium of a tunnel, especially in shallow tunnels, weak materials and/or large excavations. In the present paper, the calculation model is founded by FLAC3D, to study the effect of tunnel excavation to the rock mass. In the modeling, different types of material are considered, and different loads are considered. And finally, the effect of grouting in tunnel is studied to compare the shear strain increment and vertical displacement of rock mass.

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16

Koloskov, A. V., M. Yu Davydova, D. V. Kovalenko та V. V. Ananyev. "New data on age, material composition and geological structure of the Central Kamchatka depression (CKD). Part 1. Rocks types. Age, petrological and isotopo-geochemical characteristicsн". Вулканология и сейсмология, № 3 (14 травня 2019): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0203-0306201933-24.

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The paper presents new age and isotope geochemical characteristics for plateau effusive rocks from the Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD) and Nikolka Volcano. We compared these data with the data on rocks from the Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes and also Sheveluch, Kharchinsky, Zarechny, Nachikinsky, Bakening volcanoes and NEB-adakites from Pliocene shield volcano between the Ozernaya Kamchatka and Pravaya Kamchatka rivers. It is shown that the evolutionally advanced (often more alkaline) rock from Nachikinsky, Bakening, Nikolka volcanoes and the Pliocene shield volcanoe significantly differ i

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17

Koloskov, A. V., M. Yu Davydova та D. V. Kovalenko. "New data on age, material composition and geological structure of the Central Kamchatka depression (CKD). Part 1. Rocks types. Age, petrological and isotopo-geochemical characteristicsн". Вулканология и сейсмология, № 3 (14 травня 2019): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0205-9614201933-24.

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The paper presents new age and isotope geochemical characteristics for plateau effusive rocks from the Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD) and Nikolka Volcano. We compared these data with the data on rocks from the Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes and also Sheveluch, Kharchinsky, Zarechny, Nachikinsky, Bakening volcanoes and NEB-adakites from Pliocene shield volcano between the Ozernaya Kamchatka and Pravaya Kamchatka rivers. It is shown that the evolutionally advanced (often more alkaline) rock from Nachikinsky, Bakening, Nikolka volcanoes and the Pliocene shield volcanoe significantly differ i

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18

Zhou, Ji Jun, Huai Fu, Yue Zhang, Yan Li, and De Zhang. "Strength Attenuation and Post Failure Behaviour of Fine Sandstone." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 3538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.3538.

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Three types of physical tests were designed to study post failure behaviour and strength attenuation of fine sandstone. Tests include rock compression test, rock unloading test and rock block shear test. The stress-strain curves at different confining pressures had been obtained as well as axial strain-lateral strain curves. The differences of axial strain-lateral strain curves exhibit that stress peak point and the point of fault formation are apparently different for the rock. After the fault is generated, fractured rock slides on the fault surfaces, while confining pressure, material streng

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19

Marinos, P. V. "NEW PROPOSED GSI CLASSIFICATION CHARTS FOR WEAK OR COMPLEX ROCK MASSES." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 3 (2017): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11301.

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The paper deals with the geotechnical classification of weak and complex rock masses. The complexity of these geological material demands a more specialized research and geological characterization due to the special features of their rock mass types regarding both their structure and their lithological characteristics. The weak and complex rock masses under consideration, often heterogeneous and containing rocks of extremely low strength, have in most cases undergone highly tectonised disturbance resulting in the destruction of their initial structure, while weathering can be another particul

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20

Lin, Qibin, Ping Cao, and Peixin Wang. "Study of Post-Peak Strain Softening Mechanical Behaviour of Rock Material Based on Hoek–Brown Criterion." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6190376.

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In order to build the post-peak strain softening model of rock, the evolution laws of rock parameters m,s were obtained by using the evolutionary mode of piecewise linear function regarding the maximum principle stress. Based on the nonlinear Hoek–Brown criterion, the analytical relationship of the rock strength parameters m,s, cohesion c, and friction angle φ has been developed by theoretical derivation. According to the analysis on the four different types of rock, it is found that, within the range from 0 to σ3min, the peak hardness of the rock becomes smaller as the confining pressure incr

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21

Iswandaru, Iswandaru, Rully Nurhasan R., Made Astawa Rai, and Ridho K. Wattimena. "Probabilistic Of Slope Failure Grasberg Open Pit Mining PT Freeport Indonesia." PROMINE 7, no. 1 (2019): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/promine.v7i1.1064.

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The stability of a slope in mining activities is highly influenced by geology, especially thenature of rocks and geological structures. Slope stability analysis will be faced with severalproblems in the uncertainty of rock properties and rock mass. Slope stability analysis usingprobabilistic methods offers a more systematic way of treating conditions of uncertainty andprovides other alternatives to the value factor approach to security regarding information onthe probability of a slope failure.Grasberg Open Mine rock type classification based ongeotechnical parameters or Geotechnical Rock Code

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22

Alakbari, Fahd Saeed, Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn, Ali Samer Muhsan, Nurul Hasan, and Tarek Ganat. "Chemical Sand Consolidation: From Polymers to Nanoparticles." Polymers 12, no. 5 (2020): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051069.

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The chemical sand consolidation methods involve pumping of chemical materials, like furan resin and silicate non-polymer materials into unconsolidated sandstone formations, in order to minimize sand production with the fluids produced from the hydrocarbon reservoirs. The injected chemical material, predominantly polymer, bonds sand grains together, lead to higher compressive strength of the rock. Hence, less amounts of sand particles are entrained in the produced fluids. However, the effect of this bonding may impose a negative impact on the formation productivity due to the reduction in rock

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Abe, Jun, Kotaro Sekine, Stefanus Harjo, Wu Gong, and Kazuya Aizawa. "Strain Analysis in Geological Materials Using Neutron Diffraction and AE Signal Measurement at J-PARC/BL19 "TAKUMI"." Materials Science Forum 777 (February 2014): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.777.219.

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Acoustic emission (AE) is defined as a transient elastic wave generated by the rapid release of energy within a material. Crack initiation, phase transition and rupturing in rock materials are all detectable with the measurement of AE signals, and therefore such measurement helps to understand the underlying mechanism (s) of macroscopic deformation. In this study of the deformation mechanism (s) of rock samples, simultaneous measurements of the neutron diffraction pattern and AE signals were performed using the Engineering Materials Diffractometer TAKUMI at the Japan Proton Accelerator Researc

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Χατζηπαναγής, I., and Δ. Βουγιούκας. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LITHOSTRATIGRAFHIC POSITION AND THE TECTONIC DEFORMATION FOR THE LOCATION AND THE EXPLOITATION OF THE DOLOMITIC MARBLES OF FALACRON MOUNTAIN." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 1 (2004): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16570.

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At the broad area of Falakro mountain a systematic exploitation of dolomitic marbles is taking place. Besides, the fact that the excavated material consists of pure dolomitic carbonate, in the commerce there are more than 15 quality types with different denominations. The differences between them are related to their lithostratigraphic position and also with some structures of tectonic deformations. In the dolomitic marbles the following quality types are identified: The Aristo type, which consists of fine grained and white dolomitic rock. The Orion, Athina, Kalisto, Omega, Kyknos and Lambros

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Liu, Zhaoyi, Ligang Zhang, GR Liu, et al. "Material constituents and mechanical properties and macro-micro-failure modes of tight gas reservoirs." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 6 (2020): 2631–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720913069.

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In this work, a series of intensive laboratory tests are conducted to measure the material constituents, mechanical properties, and to examine macro-micro-failure modes of various types of rocks from tight gas reservoirs in the Da Qing oilfield in China. A set of key parameters are experimentally determined, including porosity, mineralogical compositions, microstructure, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, triaxial compressive strength, as well as macro- and micro-morphology failure modes. The relationships of these parameters are systematically analyzed, and the effects of the material constitu

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26

Rozov, Konstantin, Vyacheslav Rumynin, Anton Nikulenkov, and Polina Leskova. "Sorption of 137Cs, 90Sr, Se, 99Tc, 152(154)Eu, 239(240)Pu on fractured rocks of the Yeniseysky site (Nizhne-Kansky massif, Russia)." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 10007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199810007.

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The study demonstrates the effect of sorption properties of fractured host rocks from the Yeniseysky site (Nizhne-Kansky rock massif, Krasnoyarsk region) on the migration of dissolved radioactive components (137Cs, 90Sr, 79Se, 99Tc, 152(154)Eu, 239(240)Pu) in the deep geological conditions of a high-level radioactive waste repository. Estimates of radionuclide distribution coefficients between the aqueous solution and fractured rocks obtained from sorption experiments. The influence of various petrographic types and fracture-filling substances on the retardation of radioactive components has b

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Batchelor, Richard A. "Do Neoproterozoic (Moine) calc-silicate rocks represent metamorphosed tuffs? A geochemical re-appraisal." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 107, no. 4 (2016): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000063.

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ABSTRACTFollowing the identification of grey quartz–albite–chlorite–calcite–muscovite rocks in Meso- to Neo-proterozoic sequences in Scotland as metamorphosed tuffs of intermediate composition, it has been shown that this lithology will generate calc-silicate rocks at higher metamorphic grades. Both rock types occur as thin beds with sharp contacts with their host, occur as multiple beds in isolated suites, and share chemical compositions suggestive of volcanic sources with tholeiitic andesite affinities. The failure to recognise calc-silicate rocks as tuffs might explain the apparent scarcity

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Pal, Samir Kumar, K. U. M. Rao, P. Sathish Kumar, and R. Rajasekar. "Influence of Rock Properties on Wear of M and SR Grade Rubber with Varying Normal Load and Sliding Speed." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 3 (2017): 1787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0271.

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AbstractRubbers are interesting materials and are extensively used in many mining industries for material transportation. Wear of rubber is a very complex phenomenon to understand. The present study aims to explain the influence of rock properties on wear of M and SR grade rubber used in top cover of conveyor belts. Extensive laboratory experiments were conducted under four combinations of normal load and sliding speed. The wear of both the rubber types were analyzed based on the rock properties like shear strength, abrasivity index and fractal dimension. A fully instrumented testing set up wa

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Lubera, Ewa, and Krzaklewski Paweł. "Wietrzenie mrozowe wybranych skał tatrzańskich w świetle badań laboratoryjny = Frost weathering of selected Tatra rocks in the light of laboratory tests." Przegląd Geograficzny 92, no. 1 (2020): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2020.1.2.

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The aim of the work described here was to determine the rate of frost weathering for selected types of rock, and the manner in which this proceeds. The authors attempts to answer questions regarding progress with the disintegration of a given type of rock over time; the size and shape of weathered grains; the role played by fissures in rock and rock texture; and further relevant properties like compressive and tensile strength, porosity and water absorption. The rock samples used in laboratory testing were collected in the catchment area of the Chochołowski Stream in the Western Tatra Mountain

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Zhang, Lei, and Guo Ming Liu. "Analysis Drive Index of A12 Oil Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.435.

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A12 oil reservoir rock Mainly Sandstone and siltstone, Fine granularity, Mudstone cemented. Reservoir rock porosity Change range 0.18~0.22%,Average - 16%, Permeability range 1~316mD, Average - 46mD, A medium porosity, medium and low permeability reservoir. The reservoir development discontinuous, Heterogeneity powerful. Based on characteristics of A12 oil reservoir development, Application of material balance equation calculate the index for the driving of the various types of energy, compare all types of drive index of oilfield development role in the process, determine A12 oil reservoir reas

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Vorren, Örnulv. "Sacrifical sites, types and function." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 12 (January 1, 1987): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67156.

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Much has been written and said about Saami mythology and pre-Christian religion. There is, however, considerably less documentation of concrete cultural elements in scholarly descriptions. These investigations are considered important not only because they aim to provide documentation that can be used for studies of Saami mythology and pre-Christian religion. They also provide material that can throw light on the function of the holy places in a social context through analysis of their origin, their connections with certain families and persons, their associations with the siidas, their locati

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Nuhoğlu, Çiğdem, Mucip Tapan, Mustafa Okutan, et al. "Resistivity, ESR, and Radiation Shielding Properties of the Volcanic Rock Materials." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/609161.

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Pumices have been used in cement, concrete, brick, and ceramic industries as an additive and aggregate material. It will be important to study pumice types by using a different tool as EPR which is a new technique for related material to be used for industrial aims. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of the pumice types were taken by EMX-type spectrometer. Also, the current-voltage (I-V) and surface resistivity probe stand of the thin films was studied using a four-point probe measurements. The relationship between radiation shielding properties of the pumice samples and their surface resis

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Liu, Jiaming, Shaorui Sun, Ling Yue, Jihong Wei, and Jimin Wu. "Mechanical and failure characteristics of rock-like material with multiple crossed joint sets under uniaxial compression." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 7 (2017): 168781401770871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017708710.

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The strength and deformation of rock masses transected by persistent joints are controlled by the fracture network. In this work, bonded particle model modeled by particle flow code in three dimensions was used to study the effect of geometry parameters on the strength and behavior of jointed rock masses under uniaxial compression. The effect of the number of crossed joint sets, joint orientation, and joint spacing on the uniaxial compressive strength was investigated, and this article presents the results of the numerical simulations. Rigorous validation process had done before the numerical

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Seletskiy, Maxim V., Svetlana V. Shnaider, and Alexander Yu Fedorchenko. "Techniques for Processing Lithic Material during Epipalaeolithic in the Eastern Elbrus Region (On Materials of the Naves Badynoko Site)." Archaeology and Ethnography 18, no. 7 (2019): 112–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-7-112-131.

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Purpose. The rock shelter Badynoko site is one of the key archaeological sites of the Eastern Elbrus region, which contains stratified archaeological complexes of the Final Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Stone industries at this site are the most important evidence for studying the cultural dynamics, economic and technological transformations that took place during the Epipalaeolithic time in Northern Caucasus. We aimed at conducting technological analysis of the Badynoko’s archaeological complexes using experimental data on knapping flint and obsidian raw materials. To achieve this goal, we

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Nyland, Astrid J. "In Search of Cloudstones? The Contribution of Charismatic Rocks Towards an Understanding of Mesolithic and Neolithic Communities in the Montane Regions of South Norway." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 86 (June 29, 2020): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2020.4.

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This paper discusses whether a consideration of the capacity of rocks to affect humans in terms of their charisma or object-agency can aid in understanding identified variation in patterns of lithic procurement, distribution, and use. Lithic assemblages at sites dating to both the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic in two separate areas of the central mountain plateau in southern Norway demonstrate use of locally available rock. Their use contrasts with that of flint which could only be sourced at the coast. While the use of flint in regions with a restricted range of available and suitable r

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Li, Yong, Weibing Cai, Xiaojing Li, Weishen Zhu, Qiangyong Zhang, and Shugang Wang. "Experimental and DEM Analysis on Secondary Crack Types of Rock-Like Material Containing Multiple Flaws Under Uniaxial Compression." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (2019): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091749.

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To better understand the evolution of crack propagation in brittle rock mass, the particle velocity field evolution on both sides of secondary crack in rock-like materials (cement mortar specimens) with pre-existing parallel double flaws under uniaxial compression is analyzed based on the discrete element theory. By bringing in strain rate tensor, a new technique is proposed for quantifying the failure mechanism of cracks to distinguish the types and mechanical behaviors of secondary cracks between pre-existing parallel flaws. The research results show that the types and mechanical behaviors o

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Bragg, D. "Alkali-aggregate reactivity in Newfoundland, Canada." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 2 (2000): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-067.

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Alkali-aggregate reactivity is a chemical reaction that occurs in some concrete structures. This reaction causes expansion and cracking of concrete. It may not be the main cause of premature deterioration; however, it is often the catalyst for other forms of deterioration. Since 1989, field work and laboratory testing for alkali-reactivity has been undertaken on selected aggregate, rock, and concrete core samples throughout Newfoundland. The field work and laboratory tests consisted of an assessment of the bedrock and aggregate sites to determine their quality and quantity for use as construct

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Luc Leroy, Mambou Ngueyep, Foguieng Wembe Marius, and Ngapgue François. "Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Hard Rocks at High Temperature: Applications in Civil Engineering." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 13, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8893944.

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This review paper aims to survey and discuss recent theoretical and experimental works reporting the temperature effects on the mechanical properties of rocks like granite, gabbro, gneiss, marble, sandstone, basalt, limestone, and argillite to permit the new challenge in this domain. The effect of high temperatures on various mechanical and physical material properties (Young’s modulus, porosity, tensile and compressive strengths, P-wave velocity, permeability, thermal damage, and expansion) is analyzed. This work shows that hard rock mechanical and physical properties evolutions are strongly

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Markov, Mikhail, Elena Kazatchenko, Aleksandr Mousatov, and Evgeny Pervago. "Novel approach for simulating the elastic properties of porous rocks including the critical porosity phenomena." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 4 (2013): L37—L44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0260.1.

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We tested an approach for calculating the effective elastic properties of rocks taking into account their critical porosity (the percolation threshold). The concept of critical porosity considers that when the porosity of a rock exceeds the critical value, the shear modulus of the rock tends to zero, making it lose its rigidity and the rock falls apart. The classical homogenization schemes do not describe the mechanical properties of a rock near the critical porosity. The approach proposed here is based on the generalized differential effective medium (GDEM) method. We introduce a model of por

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Guo, Lian Jun, and Ai Ping Fei. "Influence of Rock Types on the Penetration by Linear Shaped Charge Jet with Uneven Thickness Clad in Cutting Excavation." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 1665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.1665.

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In order to analysis the crack lengths of the different rocks which penetrated by the linear shaped charge jet with uneven thickness clad for cutting excavation, the ANSYS/LS-DYNA code was used to simulate the penetrating process which three kinds of rocks had been penetrated. The results show that: through simulating the penetrate process by eight kinds of linear shaped charge jet with uneven thickness clad, the longest crack was found in Gneiss, the shortest crack was found in Iron ore and the crack length of Granite in between. For the linear shaped charge in this record, the good effect wa

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Vorobiov, M. S., and B. S. Berezhnytskyi. "Elements to improve theory of roller cutter bit with chisel teeth." Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, no. 2(47) (December 26, 2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9965-2019-2(47)-42-47.

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The article deals with solving the problem of determination in the first approximation of the time of the interaction of tricone bit tooth with the rock and the maximum dynamic impact force. Considered the roller bit teeth are of types Sh and B. The shape of the bottom hole after the previous penetration the rock is adopted as having spherical mounds between paths. It is believed that deformations during the impact of the tooth occur only in the area of the mounds, neglecting the masses of the rock material being deformed. The concept of the consolidated mass of the part of the rock, which i

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Xia, Caichu, Man Huang, Xin Qian, Chenjie Hong, Zhanyou Luo, and Shigui Du. "Novel Intelligent Approach for Peak Shear Strength Assessment of Rock Joints on the Basis of the Relevance Vector Machine." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (December 19, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3182736.

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This study mainly establishes a novel intelligent assessment model for peak shear strength of rock joints based on the relevance vector machine (RVM). RVM is a state-of-the-art soft computing technique that has been rarely utilized in joint shear strength assessment. To establish the hybrid intelligent model, three-dimensional scanning tests and direct shear tests on 36 granite joint specimens were conducted. The peak shear strength ratio (τp/σn) is perceived as an explanation of four types of influencing factors, including joint surface roughness, strength of rock material, basic friction ang

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Bednarik, Robert G. "Rock Metamorphosis by Kinetic Energy." Emerging Science Journal 3, no. 5 (2019): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2019-01192.

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The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that weathering-resistant surface layers found in intensively hammered petroglyphs at many sites worldwide and on other heavily battered metamorphosed rocks are the result of kinetic energy-induced tribological reactions. The methods of material testing included extensive fieldwork and in-situ studies at an Indian site that had been subjected to fluvial battery in the distant geological past; the removal of numerous surface and subsurface samples; and their analysis by several laboratory methods. These included binocular light microscopy, s

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Koga, Kazuhiro, and Motohiro Tsuboi. "Petrogenesis of Granitic Rocks in the Hisakajima Island, Goto Archipelago, Southwestern Japan: A Geochemical Study." Minerals 11, no. 3 (2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030248.

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Whole-rock chemical compositions including rare earth elements for the granitic rocks from the Hisakajima Island, Goto Archipelago, southwestern Japan were measured in order to constrain their origin and petrogenesis. The granites were divided into two types—a granodioritic group (GD) and a high Fe/Mg ratio granitic group (HFG). The granitic magma was formed by the upwelling of high-temperature mantle material, which might be related to the extension of the Japan Sea around the Middle Miocene. The origin of the GD magma was attributed to the mantle material, while the origin of the HFG magma w

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Huang, Shunjie, Xiangrui Meng, Guangming Zhao, et al. "Research and Performance Test of New Full-Length Anchorage Material." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (June 3, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9937751.

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It is difficult to support roadway with anchor cable in view of impact tendency in impinging liability roadway; a new material of inorganic and high-performance full-length anchoring material for anchoring cable is developed by adding several modifiers with ultrafine cement as the main material. The purpose is to improve the mechanical properties and durability of cement-based materials, improve the coordination of anchor cable support system, and ensure the stability of surrounding rock of mining roadway. The new full-length anchoring material is developed by optimizing the proportion of diff

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Jia, Liping, Cynthia Marie Ross, and Anthony Robert Kovscek. "A Pore-Network-Modeling Approach To Predict Petrophysical Properties of Diatomaceous Reservoir Rock." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 10, no. 06 (2007): 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/93806-pa.

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Summary A 3D pore-network model of two-phase flow was developed to compute permeability, relative permeability, and capillary pressure curves from pore-type, -size, and -shape information measured by means of high-resolution image analysis of diatomaceous-reservoir-rock samples. The diatomite model is constructed using pore-type proportions obtained from image analysis of epoxy-impregnated polished samples and mercury-injection capillary pressure curves for diatomite cores. Multiple pore types are measured, and each pore type has a unique pore-size and throat-size distribution that is incorpor

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Song, Rui, Lifu Zheng, Yao Wang, and Jianjun Liu. "Effects of Pore Structure on Sandstone Mechanical Properties Based on Micro-CT Reconstruction Model." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (February 24, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9085045.

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As porous, heterogeneous, and anisotropic material, the microscopic structure of the rock has a significant influence on its mechanical properties. Rare studies were devoted to this area using pore scale modeling and simulations. In this paper, different types of sandstones are imaged using micro-CT technology. The rock porosity is obtained by filtering, binarization, and threshold segmentation. The texture coefficient (TC) and the tortuosity of the rock skeleton are calculated by open source program, where the tortuosity of the rock skeleton is firstly used to characterize the microscopic str

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Matayev, Azamat, Arstanbek Abdiev, Adilzhan Kydrashov, Aibek Musin, Natalia Khvatina, and Dinara Kaumetova. "Research into technology of fastening the mine workings in the conditions of unstable masses." Mining of Mineral Deposits 15, no. 3 (2021): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining15.03.078.

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Purpose.Determination of the rock stability along the strike of the mass, where the drift mining of the horizon -480 m is conducted, considering the possibility of using the improved types of supports in the conditions of the 10th Anniversary of Kazakhstan’s Independence mine at the Khromtau field with the substantiation of using the effective type of fastening that increases technical and technological, operational and economic indicators of the mine. Methods. Numerical modelling of the stress-strain state of the rock mass applied at the mine have been performed using the RS2 software in a tw

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Bian, Shihai, Bo Wu, and Yongzheng Ma. "Modeling Static Behavior of Rockfill Materials Based on Generalized Plasticity Model." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (September 8, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2371709.

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Rockfill materials are commonly used for dam construction. Establishing an effective model that can reasonably describe the mechanical properties of rockfill material is very important for the calculation of earth-rock dam engineering. Based on the generalized plasticity model of sand, a modified generalized plasticity model suitable for rockfill material is established by modifying the plastic modulus. Focusing on three types of stress paths (e.g., CT test, CP test, and CR test), the stress path adaptability of the modified generalized plasticity is studied. Simulation results show that the p

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Asano, Kouhei, Katsuyoshi Michibayashi, and Tomohiro Takebayashi. "Rheological Contrast between Quartz and Coesite Generates Strain Localization in Deeply Subducted Continental Crust." Minerals 11, no. 8 (2021): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080842.

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Deformation microstructures of peak metamorphic conditions in ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks constrain the rheological behavior of deeply subducted crustal material within a subduction channel. However, studies of such rocks are limited by the overprinting effects of retrograde metamorphism during exhumation. Here, we present the deformation microstructures and crystallographic-preferred orientation data of minerals in UHP rocks from the Dabie–Shan to study the rheological behavior of deeply subducted continental material under UHP conditions. The studied samples preserve deformati

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