Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rock quality designation (RQD)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Rock quality designation (RQD)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rock quality designation (RQD)"

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Zhao, Zhi Peng, and Jun Chao Zhi. "Application and Improvement of Rock Quality Designation (RQD)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1371.

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When using Rock Quality Designation (RQD) method to evaluate rock mass integrity, the premises are often neglected and there are some limitations in RQD method. This study proposes a hole section statistical method and a rock block coefficient to supplement and improve the limitations of RQD method. The accuracy is verified by applying it to a reservoir.
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Eissa Elsayed, A., and Zekâi Sen. "Probabilistic simulation of rock quality designation (RQD)." Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 43, no. 1 (April 1991): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02590168.

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Pells, P. J., Z. T. Bieniawski, S. R. Hencher, and S. E. Pells. "Rock quality designation (RQD): time to rest in peace." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 6 (June 2017): 825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0012.

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Rock quality designation (RQD) was introduced by Don Deere in the mid-1960s as a means of using diamond core to classify rock for engineering purposes. Subsequently, it was incorporated into the rock mass rating (RMR) and Q-system classification methods that, worldwide, now play substantial roles in rock mechanics design, whether for tunnels, foundations, rock slopes or rock excavation. It is shown that a key facet of the definition of RQD is ignored in many parts of the world, and it is noted that there are several inherent limitations to the use of RQD. Based on mapping of rock formations by 17 independent professionals at different locations in Australia and South Africa, it is shown that differences in assessed RQD values result in significant errors in computed RMR and Q ratings, and also in geological strength index (GSI) and mining rock mass rating (MRMR). The introduction of a look-up chart for assessing GSI has effectively removed the need to measure, or estimate, RQD. It has been found that GSI values derived from the look-up chart are as valid as those derived by calculation from the original component parameters, and are satisfactorily consistent between professionals from diverse backgrounds. The look-up charts provide a quick and appropriate means of assessing GSI from exposures. GSI is, in turn, a useful rock mass strength index; one new application is presented for assessing potential erosion of unlined spillways in rock. Incorporation of RQD within the RMR and Q classification systems was a matter of historical development, and its incorporation into rock mass classifications is no longer necessary.
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Salaamah, Ainul Fatayaatis, Teuku Faisal Fathani, and Wahyu Wilopo. "Correlation of P-wave Velocity with Rock Quality Designation (RQD) in Volcanic Rocks." Journal of Applied Geology 3, no. 2 (August 7, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.48594.

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One important part of rock mass investigation is the geomechanical assessment in terms of rock mass classification systems. Rock mass classification is one of themost efficient methods in rock mechanics to provide a basic understanding of rock masscharacterization. Rock mass properties can be determined by a seismic refraction surveyas an indirect geophysical assessment. In this study, the P-wave velocity from seismicrefraction was compared with the Rock Quality Designation (RQD) from the boreholes.The empirical correlation between the RQD and the P-wave velocity was found by usingthe linear regression analysis. The RQD value estimated from the P-wave velocity can beapplied for tropical environment study with geological conditions of volcanic rocks. This study helps to estimate and predict the subsurface rock quality, to reduce investigation costs, and to improve understanding of subsurface rock quality.
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Chen, Qingfa, Tingchang Yin, and Hangyu Jia. "Selection of Optimal Threshold of Generalised Rock Quality Designation Based on Modified Blockiness Index." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (January 10, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1340549.

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Rock quality designation (RQD) is a critical index for quantifying the degree of rock mass jointing; it is widely used for evaluating the qualities and stabilities of engineering rock masses. However, the use of traditional RQD may yield inaccurate assessments because only core pieces longer than 100 mm are counted. To enhance the utility of RQD, generalised RQD was introduced. Based on the modified blockiness index (MBi), the determination of the optimal threshold of generalised RQD was performed. In this work, 35 types of hypothetical three-dimensional joint network models were constructed, and their generalised RQD values (with different thresholds) and MBi values were measured. The correlation between the standard ratings of MBi and RQD was assessed; based on this correlation, the theoretical RQD values of the 35 models were derived. The reasonable thresholds of the generalised RQD were determined according to the theoretical RQD values, and the optimal threshold of generalised RQD was obtained using the variation coefficient and anisotropy index of the jointing degree. The discrepancy between the results produced using traditional and generalised RQDs was discussed. Finally, an actual case study was conducted, and the results indicate that the generalised RQD associated with the optimal threshold determined in this study can properly quantify the degree of jointing of a given rock mass.
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Jun, Lin, Sha Peng, Gao Shuyu, and Ni Jiji. "Characteristics Analysis of Generalized Rock Quality Designation (RQD) Based on Degree of Joint Development." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (August 4, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4702348.

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Rock quality designation (RQD) is widely adopted as a fundamental tool in characterizing rock masses since it was devised in 1964. Since the conventional RQD calculation is limited due to its dependence on the selected threshold, previous research introduced generalized RQD to adequately reflect the anisotropy and scale effect of RQD. However, the influence of the joint development inside rock mass on generalized RQD remains unclear. The objective of this work is to investigate characteristics of the generalized RQD in view of different development degrees of discontinuities in rock mass, including spacing (density) and trace length. Three-dimensional fracture network modelling is employed to simulate the actual rock mass of open-pit iron mine in China. Virtual scanlines are set to obtain RQD values in different directions. The results primarily show that the generalized RQD should be introduced to calculate the RQD with different thresholds to fully reflect the anisotropy of rock mass. The optimal threshold can be obtained based on an anisotropic coefficient, which is defined by (RQDmax-RQDmin). It is also indicated that the fracture spacing has a great influence on both the anisotropy of RQD and the selection of the optimal threshold. The optimal threshold of the generalized RQD increases with the increase in the fracture spacing. In addition, the scale effect of RQD in different models is discussed by changing the length of the scanlines. The longer the scanlines we set, the more stable RQD value can be obtained in the model. It is recommended to fit much longer scanline to get realistic RQD in heavily fractured rock mass.
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Yasrebi, Amir Bijan, Andrew Wetherelt, Patrick J. Foster, Peyman Afzal, John Coggan, and Dariush Kaveh Ahangaran. "APPLICATION OF RQD-NUMBER AND RQD-VOLUME MULTIFRACTAL MODELLING TO DELINEATE ROCK MASS CHARACTERISATION IN KAHANG Cu-Mo PORPHYRY DEPOSIT, CENTRAL IRAN / ZASTOSOWANIE METOD MODELOWANIA NUMERYCZNEGO ORAZ MODELOWANIA FRAKTALNEGO DO ANALIZY JAKOŚCI SKAŁ W CELU OKREŚLENIA CHARAKTERYSTYKI GÓROTWORU W OBSZARZE ZŁOŻA Cu-Mo W KAHANG, ŚRODKOWY IRAN." Archives of Mining Sciences 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 1023–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0071.

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Abstract Identification of rock mass properties in terms of Rock Quality Designation (RQD) plays a significant role in mine planning and design. This study aims to separate the rock mass characterisation based on RQD data analysed from 48 boreholes in Kahang Cu-Mo porphyry deposit situated in the central Iran utilising RQD-Volume (RQD-V) and RQD-Number (RQD-N) fractal models. The log-log plots for RQD-V and RQD-N models show four rock mass populations defined by RQD thresholds of 3.55, 25.12 and 89.12% and 10.47, 41.68 and 83.17% respectively which represent very poor, poor, good and excellent rocks based on Deere and Miller rock classification. The RQD-V and RQD-N models indicate that the excellent rocks are situated in the NW and central parts of this deposit however, the good rocks are located in the most parts of the deposit. The results of validation of the fractal models with the RQD block model show that the RQD-N fractal model of excellent rock quality is better than the RQD-V fractal model of the same rock quality. Correlation between results of the fractal and the geological models illustrates that the excellent rocks are associated with porphyric quartz diorite (PQD) units. The results reveal that there is a multifractal nature in rock characterisation with respect to RQD for the Kahang deposit. The proposed fractal model can be intended for the better understanding of the rock quality for purpose of determination of the final pit slope.
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Zhang, Lianyang. "Determination and applications of rock quality designation (RQD)." Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 8, no. 3 (June 2016): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.11.008.

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Madani, Nasser, Saffet Yagiz, and Amoussou Coffi Adoko. "Spatial Mapping of the Rock Quality Designation Using Multi-Gaussian Kriging Method." Minerals 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8110530.

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The rock quality designation is an important input for the analysis and design of rock structures as reliable spatial modeling of the rock quality designation (RQD) can assist in designing and planning mines more efficiently. The aim of this paper is to model the spatial distribution of the RQD using the multi-Gaussian kriging approach as an alternative to the non-linear geostatistical technique which has shown some limitations. To this end, 470 RQD datasets were collected from 9 boreholes pertaining to the Gazestan ore deposit in Iran. The datasets were declustered then transformed into Gaussian distribution. To ensure the model spatial continuity, variogram analysis was first performed. The elevation 150 m with a grid of 5 m × 5 m × 5 m was selected to illustrate the methodology. Surface maps showing the RQD classes (very poor, poor, fair, good, and very good) with their associated probability were established. A cross-validation method was used to check the obtained model. The validation results indicated good prediction of the local variability. In addition, the associated uncertainty was quantified on the basis of the conditional distributions and the accuracy plot agreed with the overall results. It is concluded that the proposed model could be used to produce a reliable RQD map.
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Zhang, Lianyang. "Prediction of end-bearing capacity of rock-socketed shafts considering rock quality designation (RQD)." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 10 (October 2010): 1071–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-016.

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Existing empirical methods for determining the end-bearing capacity, qmax, use empirical relations between qmax and the unconfined compressive strength of intact rock, σc. As rock-socketed shafts are supported by the rock mass, not just the intact rock, one should consider not only the intact rock properties, but also the influence of discontinuities on rock mass properties when determining qmax. Although semi-empirical and analytical methods have been developed that can consider the effect of discontinuities, they are more complicated than the empirical relations and require information about discontinuities that is often not available or difficult to obtain in engineering practice. In this paper, an empirical relation between qmax and the unconfined compressive strength of rock mass, σcm, is developed. The new empirical relation explicitly considers the effect of discontinuities represented by rock quality designation (RQD), which is the parameter normally obtained in engineering practice. The accuracy of the expression for estimating σcm based on RQD is verified by comparing its estimation values with those from the existing empirical expressions based on rock mass classification. Two examples are presented to show the application of the newly developed empirical relation between qmax and σcm.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rock quality designation (RQD)"

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Zhang, Lianyang. "Determination and applications of rock quality designation (RQD)." Elsevier/SCIENCE PRESS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622156.

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Characterization of rock masses and evaluation of their mechanical properties are important and challenging tasks in rock mechanics and rock engineering. Since in many cases rock quality designation (RQD) is the only rock mass classification index available, this paper outlines the key aspects on determination of RQD and evaluates the empirical methods based on RQD for determining the deformation modulus and unconfined compressive strength of rock masses. First, various methods for determining RQD are presented and the effects of different factors on determination of RQD are highlighted. Then, the empirical methods based on RQD for determining the deformation modulus and unconfined compressive strength of rock masses are briefly reviewed. Finally, the empirical methods based on RQD are used to determine the deformation modulus and unconfined compressive strength of rock masses at five different sites including 13 cases, and the results are compared with those obtained by other empirical methods based on rock mass classification indices such as rock mass rating (RMR), Q-system (Q) and geological strength index (GSI). It is shown that the empirical methods based on RQD tend to give deformation modulus values close to the lower bound (conservative) and unconfined compressive strength values in the middle of the corresponding values from different empirical methods based on RMR, Q and GSI. The empirical methods based on RQD provide a convenient way for estimating the mechanical properties of rock masses but, whenever possible, they should be used together with other empirical methods based on RMR, Q and GSI. (C) 2016 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
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Wang, Rongzhen. "Study of scale effects of rock quality designation (RQD) measurements using a discrete fracture network approach." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62752.

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RQD measurements are performed on the assumption that the drilling cores of the rock mass would be representative of in situ geological conditions. This thesis focuses on the use of Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) modelling to study the influence of core length on RQD measurements for synthetic “homogeneous” rock masses. An homogeneous rock mass is considered to have a measurable global volumetric intensity and representing a single geotechnical domain, without the occurrence of shear zones, fault zones and closely spaced weakness planes. For a given fracture intensity, the results show that the variability of RQD measurements decreases with increasing core length size, which is consistent with the concept of Representative Elementary Volume (REV). Furthermore, an attempt is made to demonstrate the link between DFN based fracture intensity indicators (i.e. Linear Intensity, P₁₀ and Volumetric Joint Count, P30) and RQD measurements. The analysis is repeated using field data collected at two different room-and-pillar mines, and the results further demonstrate the existence of a Representative Elementary Length (REL) for RQD measurements, analogue to the concept of REV. In this research, the REL of geometrical property P₂₁, which is the length of fracture traces per unit area of sampling plane, is compared to that of RQD. Using an implicit block search algorithm, the blockiness character of the synthetic rock masses is also studied with given fracture intensities used to measure RQD values.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of
Graduate
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Burefalk, Strauss Martin, and Samuel Rosko. "Fastställande av lineamentens karaktär med avseende på bergkvalitet enligt Qbas och RMRbas inför tunnel-konstruktion i Solna, Stockholm samt kvalitetsutvärdering av Astrock hyperdata report." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295728.

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Sweden's population is increasing every year, which means that cities must adapt their infrastructure to be able to follow the demographic trend. In the current situation, Stockholm plans a major expansion of its metro network where evaluating the bedrock quality is of paramount importance. For the new SL metro connection project Gula linjen that stretches between Odenplan and Arenastaden in Solna, the company WSP has previously done quality surveys of the bedrock in the area and dimensioning of the reinforcements in the planned tunnels. Previous survey of the lineaments and weakness zones in the area has been done by means of core drilling and observations in the field. This study examines if the lineaments in the area are associated to any structures below ground surface in the bedrock by examining rock samples from drill cores. A digital presentation tool called Astrock hyperdata report is evaluated in this study by comparing manual measurements of the orientation of the joints in drill cores and the software´s measurements. The studied bedrock in the drill cores varies in quality from very poor to very good. Further examinations of zones of particularly poor rock quality done in this study suggest that the two identified lineaments have different characteristics. The north-west/south-east lineament which runs parallel to the planned metro route is indicated to represent the surface trace of a water-bearing fracture zone in the bedrock. The lineament with the E/W direction is dominated by structures and fault rocks, such as fault gouge and crushed rock in the drill cores, which indicates a brittle deformation zone. For the Gula linjen project, this information becomes useful as the underground reinforcements such as bolting and grouting have to
Sveriges befolkning ökar varje år, vilket gör att städer måste anpassas och expandera för att kunna följa den demografiska utvecklingen. I Stockholm planeras i dagsläget en stor utbyggnad av dess tunnelbanenätverk där det sker mycket arbete kring utvärdering av berggrunden för att göra detta möjligt. För Stockholms lokaltrafiks (SL) tunnelbaneprojektet Gula linjen som ska gå mellan Odenplan och Solna har företaget WSP tidigare gjort kvalitetsundersökningar av berggrunden i området samt dimensioneringar av förstärkningar i de planerade tunnlarna. Studier av svaghetzoner och lineamenten i området har gjorts med hjälp av kärnborrning och fältobservationer. Denna studie undersöker om lineamenten som finns i området är kopplade till strukturer längre ner i berggrunden genom att undersöka bergprov i form av borrkärnor. Som komplement har det digitala redovisningsverktyget Astrock hyperdata report använts för att kunna jämföra strukturer i berget med de egna mätningarna i studien. Programmet kommer även att utvärderas i studien. De erhållna värdena från undersökningen på borrkärnorna varierar i kvalitet från väldigt dålig till väldigt bra. Närmare studier på zoner av särskilt dålig kvalitet tyder på att de båda lineamenten karaktäriseras av olika typer av strukturer. Det nordväst-/sydöstliga lineamentet, som går parallellt med den planerade tunnelbanesträckan, domineras av strukturer som tyder på att lineamentet representerar en vattenförande sprickzon under markytan. I lineamentet med öst-västlig riktning dominerar strukturer som tyder på förekomsten av en förkastningszon. För projektet Gula linjen blir denna information användbar då den vattenförande sprickzonen kan innebära att tunnelförstärkning med injektering måste göras för ytterligare skydd mot vatteninträngning.
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Book chapters on the topic "Rock quality designation (RQD)"

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Singh, Bhawani, and R. K. Goel. "Rock Quality Designation." In Engineering Rock Mass Classification, 21–31. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385878-8.00004-5.

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Singh, Bhawani, and R. K. Goel. "Rock quality designation." In Rock Mass Classification, 17–24. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043013-3/50004-3.

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"rock quality designation." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_183110.

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"rock quality designation index." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_183111.

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"Rock quality designation and other rock mass discontinuity descriptors." In Tunnelling Contracts and Site Investigation, 259–64. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482271416-24.

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Tavakoli, H., and H. Ranjbar. "Statistical analysis of discontinuities, with a special reference to Rock Quality Designation." In Mining Science and Technology, 415–18. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203022528-79.

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Ranjbar, H., and H. Tavakoli. "Statistical analysis of discontinuities, with a special reference to Rock Quality Designation." In Mining Science and Technology, 415–18. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203022528.ch79.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rock quality designation (RQD)"

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Mackiewicz, Scott M., and Arlan Rippe. "Prediction of Side Resistance in Poor Quality Rock: RQD vs. GSI." In GeoFlorida 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41095(365)23.

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Kepic, A., and D. T. Kieu. "Relationships between P-Wave Velocity and Rock Quality Designation - A Clustering Perspective." In 24th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802592.

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Reports on the topic "Rock quality designation (RQD)"

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Lin, M., M. P. Hardy, and S. J. Bauer. Fracture analysis and rock quality designation estimation for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project; Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/145198.

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