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Journal articles on the topic 'Rocker Switch'
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1
Jack, Daniel D. "Rocker Switch Tactile Coding and Direction of Motion Stereotypes." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 29, no. 5 (1985): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128502900507.
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This paper presents the results of a series of direction of motion stereotype studies which were conducted to determine how tactile switch coding influenced drivers' choices of initial control movement direction. First encounters with automotive rocker switches which had been mounted in various locations and orientations throughout the passenger compartment were evaluated. Motion stereotypes for these bi-directional switches were found to vary from chance levels (50% of drivers preferring either direction of movement) to a 99%/l% preference depending upon tactile coding schemes, switch orientations, labeling and switch locations.
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Fischer, Karsten, and Andreas P. M. Weber. "Sometimes a rocker-switch motion." Nature Plants 3, no. 10 (2017): 771–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-017-0026-4.
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Ninawe, Dr A. P., Ankit Badki, Nikesh Thakre, et al. "https://www.ijraset.com/best-journal/system-based-application-for-reading-and-learning-ayurveda-sutras." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (2022): 3190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41727.
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Abstract: The rocker- dread suspense system has robust capabilities to deal with uneven terrain because of its distributing of the cargo over its six bus slightly, while there's one major failing to high- speed traversal over the planar terrain. This paper proposes a new dynamic rocker- dread suspense system with two modes of operation it can expand the span of the rocker- dread support polygon to increase trip rate when the terrain is planar; and it can switch to its original configuration to move in low speed when it's faced with rough terrain. The analysis on dynamic stability periphery and kinematical simulation on the two operating modes of rocker- dread are employed to dissect and corroborate the rationality and effectiveness of the revision in the structure.
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Wang, Sunxin, and Yan Li. "Dynamic Rocker-Bogie: Kinematical Analysis in a High-Speed Traversal Stability Enhancement." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5181097.
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The rocker-bogie suspension system has robust capabilities to deal with uneven terrain because of its distributing of the payload over its six wheels uniformly, while there is one major shortcoming to high-speed traversal over the planar terrain. This paper proposes a new dynamic rocker-bogie suspension system with two modes of operation: it can expand the span of the rocker-bogie support polygon to increase travel rate when the terrain is planar; and it can switch to its original configuration to move by low speed when it is faced with rough terrain. The analysis on dynamic stability margin and kinematical simulation on the two operating modes of rocker-bogie are employed to analyze and verify the rationality and effectiveness of the modification in the structure.
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McBride, J. W., D. J. Mapps, P. J. White, and G. Roberts. "The influence of rocker-switch dynamics on contact bounce." IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology 11, no. 1 (1988): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/33.2977.
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McBride, J., D. Mapps, P. White, and G. Roberts. "The Influence of Rocker-Switch Dynamics on Contact Bounce." IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology 11, no. 1 (1988): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tchmt.1988.1134890.
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Dhara, Prakash Chandra, Monalisha Banerjee, Sujaya De, and Amitava Pal. "Sex Variation of Motion Stereotypic Response among Adult Bengalee Population for the Operation of Some Simple Control-Display Units." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 4, no. 2 (2016): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.4.2.8.
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Population stereotype point out to a long-term habit and well embedded knowledge of a particular population. This study was carried out to evaluate the variation in index of reversibility, response preference and response initiation time among male and female subjects for some simple analog control-display units. A total of 999 subjects were responded, among them 591 were male and 408 were female (having the age range of 15-60 years). To conduct the study five types of analog displays viz., rotary control knob with horizontal display, rotary control knob with vertical display, and rotary control knob with circular display, horizontally aligned rocker switches and vertically aligned rocker switches for electric lights were fabricated. The subjects were asked to move the control to get the desired display and the response preference and response initiation time were noted as the results. The results showed that the best control-display unit was the rotary control-vertical display combination on the basis of index of reversibility for both sexes. Statistical analysis of the data showed that preferred response percentage or were significantly (P less than 0.05 or less) different for both sexes in case of all the rotary control analog display operations but for rocker switch-electric light unit operation it was found that both group showed similar stereotypic strength and direction. Response initiation time also found to be significantly (P less than 0.001) different, it was also found that higher preferred response percentage showed shorter response initiation time. It may be concluded that gender has a profound impact on motion stereotypic responses.
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Lewis, James R. "Power Switches: Some User Expectations and Preferences." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 9 (1986): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000910.
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Three brief studies were conducted by the IBM Boca Raton Human Factors department to investigate user expectations and preferences regarding power switches. In the first study, 24 IBM employees were surveyed by showing them a power supply with a paddle switch in front. The results indicated that if the power switch was mounted vertically, 100% of the sample expected UP to be ON. When the switch was mounted horizontally on the front, 25% of the sample expected LEFT to be ON, and the other 75% expected RIGHT to be ON. Ninety IBM employees participated in the second study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the way people expect a rocker switch to work when it is located on the side of the machine. Overall, 46% of the sample expected the switch AWAY from the operator to be ON, and 54% expected the switch TOWARD the operator to be ON. In the third study, 49 IBM employees responded to a mailed questionnaire, and 24 participants from a temporary employment agency completed the same questionnaire. The results for the six items were: 1. For UP/DOWN switch: UP=ON: 97%, DOWN=ON: 03% 2. For LEFT/RIGHT switch: LEFT=ON:29%, RIGHT=ON:71% 3. For AWAY/TOWARD switch: AWAY=ON:52%, TOWARD=ON:48% 4. Style preference (IBM Employees), (Agency Personnel) UP/DOWN:94% UP/DOWN:58% LEFT/RIGHT:02% LEFT/RIGHT:29% AWAY/TOWARD:04% AWAY/TOWARD:13% 5. Location preference: FRONT:72%, SIDE:25%, BACK:03% 6. Side preference: LEFT:10%, RIGHT:90% Since it appears that virtually 100% of users have the same expectation regarding the operation of a vertical power switch, designers should avoid using other power switch orientations. This is not a critical design issue, but it is better to design machines the way that users expect them to work.
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Laxmikant, Joshi, and Londhe Vikram. "Fifth Wheel Mechanism." Research and Reviews on Experimental and Applied Mechanics 5, no. 3 (2023): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7560705.
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<em>During day to day increase in population and use of vehicle is increases simultaneously .in case of four wheelers the recent days shows there is problem of parking is facing to driver. It takes more than 3-4 minutes approximately .it is necessary to more alert during parking so as to avoid the hitting the other cars. So to avoid or overcome these problem a concept or method of parallel parking is made. With the help of fifth wheel mechanism driver can easily park the vehicle between the parallel parking. A pneumatic cylinder and solenoid valve is used to in fifth wheel mechanism for land, lift, and turn. A dc motor is used for forward and reverse motion for fifth wheel. Digital display is used for the driver to neat park vehicle in limited space.</em>
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Hin, Teoh Thean, Tan Wee Choon, Siva Prabhu a/l Sunthra Sakaran, et al. "Semi-Autonomous Trolley Cart." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2051, no. 1 (2021): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2051/1/012064.
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Abstract Semi-Autonomous Trolley Cart is design to reduce the chances of flight attendants from getting injuries while performing their duties. This project will help flight attendants to move the trolley cart comfortably and smoothly. The weight of this trolley including its loads weighs at approximately 25KG. It can move by itself using a rocker switch as this trolley is equipped with line following sensor underneath it. This trolley is also equipped with some electrical component. There is a line following sensor underneath the trolley. This sensor will follow a straight line that will be place along the aisle using a black tape. This project primarily focused on the trolley being a semi-autonomous and it will be controlled by switch.
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Swafford, Alina, James W. Navalta, Julia Freedman Silvernail, Nancy Lough, and John Mercer. "Physiological and Biomechanical Responses to Indoor Cycling with and without the Ability to Sway." International Journal of Exercise Science 18, no. 7 (2025): 531–42. https://doi.org/10.70252/fqrw7720.
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The purpose of this study was to understand whether or not physiological and biomechanical measures were influenced by cycling sway and intensity. Participants (n=13; 24.9±6.5 years; 1.7±0.1 m; 64.7±11.2 kg) completed two submaximal-effort cycling conditions using a stationary smart bike placed on a rocker board: 1) cycling with the rocker board set to allow sway (unblocked); 2) cycling with blocks placed in the rocker board to prevent sway (blocked). The order conditions were counterbalanced, and each condition was 12-mins. For each condition, four intensity levels were completed. Prior to testing, target power was identified for each Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) level (11, 13, 16, 17). Rate of oxygen consumption (V̇O2; ml·kg-1·min-1) was measured using a metabolic cart (1 sample every 5 sec) along with RPE and heart rate (HR). Cadence, speed, and power were measured via the smart bike interface for each condition. Sway was measured using a custom rotary switch that measured (250 Hz) the angle of the rocker board while cycling. Each dependent variable was compared using a 2 (Condition: blocked, unblocked) x 4 (Intensity) repeated measures ANOVA. For sway, V̇O2, HR, speed, and cadence, there was no interaction between Condition and Intensity (p>0.05). Sway was influenced by the main effect of Condition (p<0.001). V̇O2, HR, and speed were each influenced by the main effect of Intensity (p<0.001). Overall, it was determined that participants did sway when there was the potential to sway; however, physiological or biomechanical measures were not influenced by the ability to sway.
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Sauve, Stephanie, Joseph Williamson, Adithya Polasa, and Mahmoud Moradi. "Ins and Outs of Rocker Switch Mechanism in Major Facilitator Superfamily of Transporters." Membranes 13, no. 5 (2023): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13050462.
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The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transporters consists of three classes of membrane transporters: symporters, uniporters, and antiporters. Despite such diverse functions, MFS transporters are believed to undergo similar conformational changes within their distinct transport cycles, known as the rocker-switch mechanism. While the similarities between conformational changes are noteworthy, the differences are also important since they could potentially explain the distinct functions of symporters, uniporters, and antiporters of the MFS superfamily. We reviewed a variety of experimental and computational structural data on a select number of antiporters, symporters, and uniporters from the MFS family to compare the similarities and differences of the conformational dynamics of three different classes of transporters.
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Sauer, C., B. Gerschütz, J. Bernsdorf, B. Schleich, and S. Wartzack. "A Machine Learning-Based Approach for Quick Evaluation of Live Simulations in Embodiment Design." Proceedings of the Design Society 2 (May 2022): 1757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.178.
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AbstractSupporting product developers in early design phases with Live-Simulation can enhance the quality of early product designs. Live-Simulation can also facilitate a democratization of simulation and puts away pressure from simulation experts. In this paper, a machine learning based quick evaluation tool is proposed to support product developers in interpreting Live-Simulation results. The proposed tool enables a quick evaluation of the Live-Simulation results and enables product developers to further enhance their simulations. The tool is shown within a use case in bike rocker switch design.
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Sokolov, Anton, Alexander Seliverstov, and Yuri Sukhanov. "Statistical analysis of forest machines ergonomic parameters." BIO Web of Conferences 93 (2024): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249301023.
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The main technology currently used in wood harvesting in Russia is the cut-to-length technology (CTL) based on the use of two machine types: harvesters and forwarders. Powerful and manoeuvrable hydraulic manipulators (cranes) are a main part of the equipment of both the harvester and the forwarder. A statistical analysis of ergonomic parameters of the manipulator control system equipped with partial automation option is described in this article. Two machines were studied in natural field conditions. Differences in the frequency and duration of telescopic extension boom control activations were identified. The distributions of the extension boom use parameters for the crane of the logging machines were defined. It can be used to build various models for the analysis of promising crane design solutions. It is determined that the duration of the rocker switch single press has a log-normal distribution and the period between switch activations has an exponential distribution.
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Law, Christopher J., Qiang Yang, Celine Soudant, Peter C. Maloney, and Da-Neng Wang. "Kinetic Evidence Is Consistent with the Rocker-Switch Mechanism of Membrane Transport by GlpT†." Biochemistry 46, no. 43 (2007): 12190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi701383g.
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Basheer, Thabit. "Impact of number of projections on image quality of X-ray Computed Tomography." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 12, no. 2 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/mjhs.2024.02.002.
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Background and Aims: This research aims to find the image quality of the computed tomography (CT) imaging technique, in terms of noise as a function of the number of projections. Methods: The X-ray Computed Tomography set is started using the rocker switch and the MeasureCT32 program is allowed to run, all devices at two different projections (20 and 300) are implemented. Results: The results of the experiment made clear that increasing the number of projections effectively reconstructs high-quality images in CT image reconstructions, e.g. when implementing 300 projections. This was also clarified with a lower number of projections giving reduced quality of the image, as shown in 20 projections. Conclusions: As increasing, the number of projections that leads to obtain high-quality images, clearer, and less noisy in CT image reconstructions as shown in 300 projections. Thus, reducing the number of projections results in reducing image quality.
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Wang, Yuwei, Pei Zhang, Yulin Chao, et al. "Transport and inhibition mechanism for VMAT2-mediated synaptic vesicle loading of monoamines." Cell Research 34, no. 1 (2024): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-023-00906-z.
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AbstractMonoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine are loaded by vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) into synaptic vesicles for storage and subsequent release in neurons. Impaired VMAT2 function underlies various neuropsychiatric diseases. VMAT2 inhibitors reserpine and tetrabenazine are used to treat hypertension, movement disorders associated with Huntington’s Disease and Tardive Dyskinesia. Despite its physiological and pharmacological significance, the structural basis underlying VMAT2 substrate recognition and its inhibition by various inhibitors remains unknown. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human apo VMAT2 in addition to states bound to serotonin, tetrabenazine, and reserpine. These structures collectively capture three states, namely the lumen-facing, occluded, and cytosol-facing conformations. Notably, tetrabenazine induces a substantial rearrangement of TM2 and TM7, extending beyond the typical rocker-switch movement. These functionally dynamic snapshots, complemented by biochemical analysis, unveil the essential components responsible for ligand recognition, elucidate the proton-driven exchange cycle, and provide a framework to design improved pharmaceutics targeting VMAT2.
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Mapps, D., J. McBride, G. Roberts, and P. White. "Design Optimization of Rocker-Switch Dynamics to Reduce Pivot Bounce and the Effect of Load Current in Modifying Bounce Characteristics." IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology 9, no. 3 (1986): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tchmt.1986.1136648.
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Meskauskas, Arturas, and Jonathan D. Dinman. "Ribosomal protein L3 functions as a ‘rocker switch’ to aid in coordinating of large subunit-associated functions in eukaryotes and Archaea." Nucleic Acids Research 36, no. 19 (2008): 6175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn642.
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Manner, Jussi, Simon Berg, Martin Englund, Back Tomas Ersson, and Anders Mörk. "Innovative productivity improvements in forest operations: a comparative study of the Assortment Grapple using a machine simulator." Journal of Forest Science 66, No. 11 (2020): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/104/2020-jfs.
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Because of generally small log piles, loading forwarders during thinning is time consuming. The Assortment Grapple, an innovative grapple with an extra pair of claws which facilitates the handling of two assortments during one loading crane cycle, has been designed to decrease forwarders’ loading time consumption. A standardized experiment was performed in a virtual thinning stand using a machine simulator with the objectives to form guidelines for working with the Assortment Grapple and to analyse its development potential. Four experienced operators participated in the study. According to the results, the Assortment Grapple’s accumulating function is beneficial only when there are no remaining trees between piles loaded during the same crane cycle. In such cases, none of participating operators lost time, and 3 of 4 operators saved time notably. The problem with the remaining trees is the extra time required to steer the crane tip around them. Therefore, a harvester should place those log piles that are later to be forwarded together in the same space with no remaining trees between the piles. Furthermore, we recommend that the Assortment Grapple’s usability will be improved by adding an own rocker switch on the forwarder’s controls to command the extra claws.
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TSIGELNY, IGOR F., JERRY GREENBERG, VALENTINA KOUZNETSOVA, and SANJAY K. NIGAM. "MODELING OF GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER SUGGESTS A POTENTIAL 'TILT' MECHANISM INVOLVED IN ITS FUNCTION." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 06, no. 05 (2008): 885–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720008003801.
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Many major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters have similar 12-transmembrane α-helical topologies with two six-helix halves connected by a long loop. In humans, these transporters participate in key physiological processes and are also, as in the case of members of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family, of pharmaceutical interest. Recently, crystal structures of two bacterial representatives of the MFS family — the glycerol-3-phosphate transporter (GlpT) and lac-permease (LacY) — have been solved and, because of assumptions regarding the high structural conservation of this family, there is hope that the results can be applied to mammalian transporters as well. Based on crystallography, it has been suggested that a major conformational "switching" mechanism accounts for ligand transport by MFS proteins. This conformational switch would then allow periodic changes in the overall transporter configuration, resulting in its cyclic opening to the periplasm or cytoplasm. Following this lead, we have modeled a possible "switch" mechanism in GlpT, using the concept of rotation of protein domains as in the DynDom program17and membranephilic constraints predicted by the MAPAS program.23We found that the minima of energies of intersubunit interactions support two alternate positions consistent with their transport properties. Thus, for GlpT, a "tilt" of 9°–10° rotation had the most favorable energetics of electrostatic interaction between the two halves of the transporter; moreover, this confirmation was sufficient to suggest transport of the ligand across the membrane. We conducted steered molecular dynamics simulations of the GlpT-ligand system to explore how glycerol-3-phosphate would be handled by the "tilted" structure, and obtained results generally consistent with experimental mutagenesis data. While biochemical data remain most consistent with a single-site alternating access model, our results raise the possibility that, while the "rocker switch" may apply to certain MFS transporters, intermediate "tilted" states may exist under certain circumstances or as transitional structures. Although wet lab experimental confirmation is required, our results suggest that transport mechanisms in this transporter family should probably not be assumed to be conserved simply based on standard structural homology considerations. Furthermore, steered molecular dynamics elucidating energetic interactions of ligands with amino acid residues in an appropriately modeled transporter may have predictive value in understanding the impact of mutations and/or polymorphisms on transporter function.
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Zheng, Sanduo, Lok-To Sham, Frederick A. Rubino, et al. "Structure and mutagenic analysis of the lipid II flippase MurJ fromEscherichia coli." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 26 (2018): 6709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802192115.
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The peptidoglycan cell wall provides an essential protective barrier in almost all bacteria, defining cellular morphology and conferring resistance to osmotic stress and other environmental hazards. The precursor to peptidoglycan, lipid II, is assembled on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. However, peptidoglycan polymerization occurs on the outer face of the plasma membrane, and lipid II must be flipped across the membrane by the MurJ protein before its use in peptidoglycan synthesis. Due to its central role in cell wall assembly, MurJ is of fundamental importance in microbial cell biology and is a prime target for novel antibiotic development. However, relatively little is known regarding the mechanisms of MurJ function, and structural data for MurJ are available only from the extremophileThermosipho africanus. Here, we report the crystal structure of substrate-free MurJ from the gram-negative model organismEscherichia coli, revealing an inward-open conformation. Taking advantage of the genetic tractability ofE. coli, we performed high-throughput mutagenesis and next-generation sequencing to assess mutational tolerance at every amino acid in the protein, providing a detailed functional and structural map for the enzyme and identifying sites for inhibitor development. Lastly, through the use of sequence coevolution analysis, we identify functionally important interactions in the outward-open state of the protein, supporting a rocker-switch model for lipid II transport.
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Li, Ying, and Xizhen Ge. "Molecular Dynamics Investigation of MFS Efflux Pump MdfA Reveals an Intermediate State between Its Inward and Outward Conformations." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010356.
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Multidrug resistance poses a major challenge to antibiotic therapy. A principal cause of antibiotic resistance is through active export by efflux pumps embedded in the bacterial membrane. Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) efflux pumps constitute a major group of transporters, which are often related to quinolone resistance in clinical settings. Although a rocker-switch model is proposed for description of their conformational transitions, detailed changes in this process remain poorly understood. Here we used MdfA from E. coli as a representative MFS efflux pump to investigate factors that can affect its conformational transition in silico. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of MdfA’s inward and outward conformations revealed an intermediate state between these two conformations. By comparison of the subtle differences between the intermediate state and the average state, we indicated that conformational transition from outward to inward was initiated by protonation of the periplasmic side. Subsequently, hydrophilic interaction of the periplasmic side with water was promoted and the regional structure of helix 1 was altered to favor this process. As the hydrophobic interaction between MdfA and membrane was also increased, energy was concentrated and stored for the opposite transition. In parallel, salt bridges at the cytoplasmic side were altered to lower probabilities to facilitate the entrance of substrate. In summary, we described the total and local changes during MdfA’s conformational transition, providing insights for the development of potential inhibitors.
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Prisusilo, Yoga, and Ihsan Saputra. "Pengujian dan Pengukuran Perubahan Coating Liquid Flow Rate dan Coating Time Duration Terhadap Hasil Coating Quality Angle Mesin Diener Tetra 100." Jurnal Teknologi dan Riset Terapan (JATRA) 3, no. 2 (2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jatra.v3i2.3174.
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Salah satu hal yang menjadi tolak ukur kualitas dari suatu produk adalah produk sesuai dengan spesifikasi dan tidak terdapat cacat produk. Mesin diener tetra 100 berfungsi untuk memproduksi Housing top, Housing Bottom, Rocker switch, Batre door, push button, dan T. Coil. Biasanya produk mesin Diener Tetra 100 sering terjadi reject disebabkan karena kotor, setting parameter salah, serta tingkat pemanasan Coating yang tidak sesuai. Pada penelitian ini dikaji tentang pengaruh perubahan parameter mesin Diener Tetra 100 dan pengecekan pengukuran terhadap hasil coating. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai yang optimal dari pengaturan aliran cairan coating (coating liquid flow rate) dan durasi waktu penyemprotan coating (time duration). Penelitian memvariasikan settingan parameter coating liquid flow rate, coating time duration, dan temperature chamber. Dimana untuk variabel bebas Time duration 10 menit, 30 menit, 45 menit, serta variabel bebas coating liquitd flow rate, 70 mL/second, 100 mL/second, 130 mL/second, dengan temperature chamber yang sama 60oC. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini, ditemukan 3 parameter yang optimal pada mesin Diener Tetra 100. Di antaranya adalah parameter coating time duration 45 menit dan coating liquid Flow rate 70 ml/second; Time Duration Liquid 30 menit dan Coating liquid flow rate 100 ml/second; Time Duration Liquid 10 menit dan Coating liquid flow rate 130 mL/second, karena presentase reject produk yang didapatkan dari hasil penelitian ini rendah.
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Beckstein, Oliver, and Fiona Naughton. "General principles of secondary active transporter function." Biophysics Reviews 3, no. 1 (2022): 011307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0047967.
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Transport of ions and small molecules across the cell membrane against electrochemical gradients is catalyzed by integral membrane proteins that use a source of free energy to drive the energetically uphill flux of the transported substrate. Secondary active transporters couple the spontaneous influx of a “driving” ion such as Na+ or H+ to the flux of the substrate. The thermodynamics of such cyclical non-equilibrium systems are well understood, and recent work has focused on the molecular mechanism of secondary active transport. The fact that these transporters change their conformation between an inward-facing and outward-facing conformation in a cyclical fashion, called the alternating access model, is broadly recognized as the molecular framework in which to describe transporter function. However, only with the advent of high resolution crystal structures and detailed computer simulations, it has become possible to recognize common molecular-level principles between disparate transporter families. Inverted repeat symmetry in secondary active transporters has shed light onto how protein structures can encode a bi-stable two-state system. Based on structural data, three broad classes of alternating access transitions have been described as rocker-switch, rocking-bundle, and elevator mechanisms. More detailed analysis indicates that transporters can be understood as gated pores with at least two coupled gates. These gates are not just a convenient cartoon element to illustrate a putative mechanism but map to distinct parts of the transporter protein. Enumerating all distinct gate states naturally includes occluded states in the alternating access picture and also suggests what kind of protein conformations might be observable. By connecting the possible conformational states and ion/substrate bound states in a kinetic model, a unified picture emerges in which the symporter, antiporter, and uniporter functions are extremes in a continuum of functionality. As usual with biological systems, few principles and rules are absolute and exceptions are discussed as well as how biological complexity may be integrated in quantitative kinetic models that may provide a bridge from the structure to function.
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HOSHINO, Tsuyoshi, Shuzo HORINOUCHI, Kiyohito MASUNAKA, and Yuji WATANABE. "Pressure Switch in a Water Rocket." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2003.5 (2003): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.5.0_385.
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Jia, Dongyi, Zhuo Li, Farooq Haqi, and Mohammed Yousuf. "Gravity measurement method of solid rocket drive based on switched reluctance motor system." Thermal Science 25, no. 6 Part A (2021): 4011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2106011j.
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Solid rocket drive system based on switched reluctance motor is established through the working principle of switched reluctance motor, and the closed-loop precise control of solid rocket drive system digitization is realized by the control method of pulse width modulation technology. The gravity value of solid rocket drive system is measured by the vertical deviation measurement method based on attitude error observation. The attitude datum of solid rocket drive system is obtained by the relationship between the vertical deviation and the attitude error of solid rocket drive system. The state space of solid rocket drive system is established by the attitude datum obtained. The horizontal gravity component estimation model of the real gravity value of the solid rocket drive system is established by the state space model, and the accurate gravity value of the solid rocket drive system is obtained by the estimation model. The simulation results show that the method can effectively measure the gravity value of solid rocket driving system, and the errors of measuring the gravity of solid rocket driving system are less than 1%.
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Kuijken, Koen. "Euclid’s first year in space." Europhysics News 55, no. 5 (2024): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2024508.
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July 1st, 2023. Cape Canaveral. 11:11 am. 10..9..8..7..6..5..4..3..2..1.. LIFT-OFF! Against a beautiful blue sky, the Falcon-9 rocket carrying our ‘baby’ streaks into the sky, 8 miles away from our vantage point. Almost one minute later the crackling sound of the rocket engines arrives. I manage to follow the disappearing rocket with my binoculars for two minutes, until the main engine cuts off. Half an hour later, on the big screen set up next to our bleachers full of colleagues and family at the Banana Creek viewing site, we see the upper stage rocket switch off and deliver its precious cargo into space. Soon after, ultrarelieved mission managers at ESA receive the first radio signals. We have a spacecraft, we have a mission!
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Arisandi, E. D. "Multi systems for switch-on the flare of TWM rocket." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1130 (November 2018): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1130/1/012010.
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Artono, Endro, and Salman Salman. "SISTEM PENYALA NIRKABEL JARAK JAUH UNTUK MUATAN ROKET (WIRELESS SWITCHING FOR ROCKET PAYLOAD)." Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara 16, no. 2 (2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.jtd.2018.v16.a2976.
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Proses penyalaan sistem elektronika pada muatan roket hasil litbang LAPAN selama ini masih manual, dengan menggeser atau menekan saklar pada tabung muatan roket dari posisi mati (OFF) ke posisi hidup (ON). Sistem penyala muatan roket ini dirancang untuk dapat menyalakan atau mematikan muatan roket dengan tanpa melakukan kontak fisik antara operator dengan roket. Dari hasil penelitian ini, muatan roket dapat dinyalakan ataupun dimatikan dari ruang kontrol (ground station) secara nirkabel. Sistem ini juga dapat melepaskan perangkat antarmuka untuk sistem penyalaan dari badan roket, sehingga tidak mengganggu roket saat diluncurkan. Currently, process for turning on the LAPAN rocket’s payload still manually, by shifting or pushing the manual switch placed on the payload rocket’s body, to the OFF or ON direction/ position. This payload wireless switching system is designed for turning the rocket payload to ON or OFF wirelessly, without any phisical contact from operator to the rocket body. The experiment proof that the rocket payload can be turning ON or OFF from the control room wirelessly. The system can also release the umbilical interface from the rocket body before the rocket launched to prevent disruption.
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FARIDZ, RADEN, and ULA WARI SETIAWATI. "ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING SATISFACTION WITH LOYALTY OF ROCKET CHICKEN LAMONGAN BRANCH CONSUMERS." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Review 07, no. 04 (2024): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37602/ijssmr.2024.7410.
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Consumer satisfaction and loyalty are an essential part of the sustainability of a business because customer satisfaction and loyalty affect the company's revenue. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing satisfaction and loyalty and examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and consumer loyalty in the Lamongan Rocket Chicken branch. The methods used in customer satisfaction analysis are Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), while the loyalty picture is used as a loyalty pyramid. The results of the IPA research show that the attributes that need to be improved are hygiene attributes in food presentation, the speed at which servers serve the ordered menu, and the availability of food and drinks that consumers want to order. The calculation results based on the consumer satisfaction index (CSI) are 69.83%. Based on brand loyalty analysis, the highest level of Rocket Chicken consumer loyalty is switcher buyers, with a value of 21.50%. So, the quality of service is the most prominent factor of the Rocket Chicken branch in Lamongan, and it can affect the loyalty of switcher buyer consumers.
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Schütte, Simon, and Jörgen Eklund. "Design of rocker switches for work-vehicles—an application of Kansei Engineering." Applied Ergonomics 36, no. 5 (2005): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2005.02.002.
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Yang, Rong Jun, and Yun Guo Shi. "Guided Rocket Control System Design Based on Discrete-Time Adaptive Sliding Mode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 1159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.1159.
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The discrete-time adaptive sliding mode controller for spinning rockets in presence of parameter error is proposed. Considering the nonlinear characteristics for the system, input-output feedback linearization is utilized to transform the system model into two standard form subsystems. Then a discrete-time controller for guided rockets is designed based on discrete-time sliding mode control principle. In order to diminish the switch width of the discrete-time sliding mode system corresponding to parameter error, a dead-zone parameter adaptive law is designed. The stability of the uncertain closed-loop system is proved by Lyapunov theory, which make the controller have high robustness. Simulation result indicates that the proposed controller is robust with respect to large aerodynamic parametric uncertainty, and has excellent dynamic tracking performance.
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Wang, An, and Qinghua Zeng. "Load Characteristics and Modeling Methods for the Flow Regulator of a Solid Ducted Rocket." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (November 18, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8031290.
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The load characteristics for the flow regulator of a solid ducted rocket are discussed in this paper. The mechanism and the influence factor of the load in the flow regulator were studied both theoretically and experimentally, and the system load and the working load were divided according to the mechanism. Additionally, the load influence on the working quality of the flow regulator and the ducted rocket were analyzed. System modeling of the flow regulator was carried out based on the working mechanism of the gas generator and the Stribeck friction model, and models of the actuator, gas generator, and load were built. Furthermore, considering the identification of the model parameters and the inapplicability of the conventional Stribeck identification method to the flow regulator, a new Stribeck model parameter identification method was proposed. A sine wave was used as the signal source, and specially designed devices were used to accomplish the switch of the working condition. Through the use of the genetic algorithm, the rotational inertia and parameters of the system load and working load were identified by stages. Finally, the validation of the identification method was carried out with a simulation.
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Trümper, J. "Röntgen Satellite." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 123 (1990): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100076909.
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The ROSAT launch on June 1, 1990 happened to be after the IAU Colloquium No. 123 before the deadline for submitting manuscripts. I therefore take the liberty to deviate grossly from the manuscript of my talk and give a short up to date mission summary. A more complete description of the mission can be found in References 1 and 2.The launch of the Delta II rocket was perfect and the orbital parameters reached are very close to nominal: height 580 km, inclination 53°. The predicted satellite’s lifetime in this orbital is at least 10 years. The switch-on of the spacecraft and instrument subsystems could be completed without any losses. All systems are in good health.
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Smithies, T., A. Toth, and M. Campbell. "P104 The Impact of Total Sleep Deprivation on Performance in the Esport ‘Rocket League’." Sleep Advances 4, Supplement_1 (2023): A72—A73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad035.189.
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Abstract Preliminary findings from this study were presented as a poster (P376) at Sleep Europe 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13740). Introduction Sleep loss is presumed by academics and esport (organised competitive video-game play) athletes to be an in-game esport performance hindrance, primarily due to its well understood effects on multiple domains of cognitive performance. However, the effects of acute sleep loss specifically on esports performance have not been explored. We aimed to elucidate whether total sleep deprivation degrades in-game performance in the popular esport ‘Rocket League’. Methods Forty habitual Rocket League players were paired according to in-game ability level (twenty pairs), with one assigned to a control group (CON) and the other assigned to an intervention group (TSD). Two test sessions took place, in which paired players completed subjective and cognitive performance measures, and played seven Rocket League matches against one another. In one session, both players in a pair were well rested, while in the other, CON was rested while TSD was sleep deprived. Results Acute total sleep deprivation resulted in higher self-reported sleepiness, lower alertness and motivation, poorer performance on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and two-choice component of the Category Switch Task (CST). Despite this, overall in-game esport performance did not worsen due to sleep deprivation, although exploratory analysis suggests potential in-game strategy change. Discussion Our findings do not suggest that sleep loss is inconsequential for esport athletes, but rather suggest that acute bouts of sleep loss of similar/lesser severity may not be a primary concern for in-game esports performance.
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Chen, Xiong, Rui Liu, and Hong Ying Du. "Erosion Study of Silica Phenolic Nozzles with Graphite Inserts in Solid Rocket Motors." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.573.
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Experimental and theoretical studies on the erosion of silica phenolic nozzles with graphite inserts in solid rocket motors were carried out. Two identical segmented nozzles, consisting of graphite inserts and silica phenolic insulation in the convergent and divergent sections, were tested at same operating condition. Due to the different thermal resistance ability, steps are formed at the interface of two materials. The erosion rates, following the distribution of Reynolds number, exhibit an upward trend in the convergent section and decrease in the divergent section for both silicon phenolic and graphite. At high temperature, the graphite erosion rate is limited by the diffusion rate of the oxidizing species,while the erosion rate is limited by the chemical kinetics at low temperature. For the graphite nozzle insert, a switch from kinetics mechanism to diffusion mechanism occurs in the convergent section during the firing test.
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Kelly, Ruth M. E., Herman L. Marshall, Silvia Zane, et al. "Exploring the Future of Soft X-Ray Polarimetry: The Capabilities of the REDSoX Instrument for X-Ray Dim Isolated Neutron Star and Magnetar Studies." Astrophysical Journal 987, no. 2 (2025): 113. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adde58.
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Abstract X-ray polarimetry offers a unique window into neutron star physics and can provide answers to questions that cannot otherwise be probed. The upcoming Rocket Experiment Demonstration of a Soft X-ray Polarimeter (REDSoX) sounding rocket mission will be the first experiment equipped with a detector able to explore polarized X-rays below 1 keV, observing in the 0.2–0.4 keV range. Although REDSoX will only be capable of short, one-off observations, it will crucially test the instrument performance. In this paper we investigate how a fully fledged orbital mission with a longer lifetime, based on an instrument design similar to REDSoX, will allow us to study thermal emission from X-ray dim isolated neutron stars (XDINSs) and magnetars, probing their magnetic fields and the physics of their outer surface layers, including vacuum effects and quantum electrodynamics (QED) mode conversion at the vacuum resonance. We discuss the potentially observable features for promising values of the star’s surface temperature, magnetic field, and viewing geometry. Assuming emission from the whole surface, we find that, for a source with a magnetic field B = 5 × 1013 G and surface temperature T ≈ 107 K, the instrument can resolve a proton cyclotron absorption feature in the spectrum with high significance when collecting ≈25,000 counts across a single observation. Similarly, for a source with B = 1014 G and T ≈ 107 K, a switch in the dominant polarization mode, caused by mode conversion at the vacuum resonance, can be detected by collecting ≈25,000 counts, allowing for a long-sought observational test of the presence of QED effects. We then present two case studies for XDINS targets: RX J1856.5–3754 and RX J0720.4–3125.
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Peng, Yong, and Lei Wang. "A Rack-and-Pinion Pumping Unit Design." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.657.
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This paper presents a rack-and-pinion pumping unit. A type of SRD (switched reluctance driver) motor is utilized as the driving unit of the pumping unit. The rotation direction of the output shaft of the motor can change automatically, without reversing mechanism，so it can directly dive the gear box and then drive the rack-and-pinion in which the rack connected with the suck rod. Additionally, a super capacitor unit and control unit of charge and discharge is used to design the balance of the pumping unit. Due to the special balance design and no crank-rocker mechanism in the rack-and-pinion pumping unit, it has features of simple structure, less floor area, well balanced and high running efficiency. The most important is that the stroke and number of punching can be adjusted in a wide range which can adapt to different oil wells.
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Cook, Mylan R., Kent L. Gee, Carson F. Cunningham, and Grant W. Hart. "Vector acoustic intensity analysis of noise from the Delta IV Heavy launch vehicle during liftoff." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018087.
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The noise sources within a turbulent rocket plume are not well understood, let alone the radiation from multiple rocket nozzles. Even less is known about the noise sources during launch vehicle liftoff. This paper seeks to simultaneously address these noise source analysis challenges using data collected during the NROL-82 Delta IV Heavy (DIVH) launch from Vandenberg Space Force Base. The three-core DIVH’s liftoff noise was measured by a ground-based four-microphone array at a distance of 330 m. Hart et al. [Proc. Mtgs. Acoust. 45, 040003 (2022)] previously used this array with a cross-correlation technique to identify the overall noise source radiation locus as it switched from the flame trench exit to about 55 m downstream of the nozzle exit plane. Here, vector intensity is used to localize the frequency-dependent noise source axial distribution using a variant of the phase and amplitude gradient estimator method for acoustic intensity [Thomas et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137, 3366–3376 (2015)]. The results help clarify a complex noise source generation process that is both time and frequency-dependent and involves both free and impinging jet noise phenomena.
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Hammond, Terry. "Partners in Care: diary of a carer." Psychiatric Bulletin 30, no. 10 (2006): 388–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.30.10.388.
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The old lady in black was bent over the body of her son. She rocked backwards and forwards, wailing. Do I really need to watch this I thought? I switched over and was subjected to the woeful groans of East Enders. That's enough, I thought. As I was about to take my cup of tea into the conservatory, my son Steve, who had been quietly studying the floor, suddenly raised his head and demanded to know why I had rung the BBC. ‘BBC! What are you talking about?’ ‘You know,’ he retorted. ‘You rang the BBC to tell them what a lazy sod I am; they've been broadcasting it all day.’ My heart missed a beat. I went cold, my stomach turned – I had become a carer.
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Oberschulte, T., T. Wendrich, and H. Blume. "FPGA-based low-cost synchronized fiber network for experimental setups in space." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 11 (2021): P11016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/11/p11016.
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Abstract Custom experiment setups in physics often require control electronics to execute actions and measurements on a small time scale. When further constraints limit the experiment's environment, for example when the experiment is inside a sounding rocket, conventional network systems will not suffice those constraints because of weight, heat or budget limitations. This paper proposes a network architecture with a time resolution of less than 1 ns over a pair of plastic fibers while using low-cost commercial hardware. The plastic fibers in comparison to copper fibers have a low weight and additionally can isolate parts of the setup galvanically. Data rates of 40 Mbit s-1 enable the network to transfer large amounts of measurements and configuration data over the network. Proof-of-concept implementations of network endpoints and switches on small FPGAs are analyzed in terms of synchronicity, data rate and resource usage. Using commercial parts the resolution of 1 ns is reached with a standard deviation of less than 100 ps. Compared to a copper wire implementation the weight is reduced by about one order of magnitude. With its low weight at a low cost, the network is useful in space or laboratory setups which require high time resolution.
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Kravchenko, Oleksandr, Svitlana Potapenko, Tetiana Arhatenko, and Hanna Rogovska. "Risks of using gaseous chlorine on water treatment stations during military actions." Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, no. 43 (June 17, 2023): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2023.43.29-35.
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Disinfection of water in the process of its preparation for drinking purposes is a key component of ensuring the health and sanitary well-being of the population. Chlorination still remains the most affordable, economical and effective method compared to any other known means. During hostilities, new risks arise due to the increased danger of emergency situations, leakage and spread of gaseous chlorine. Plans for liquidation of emergency situations, although they contain a list of actions in case of accidents, are based on their man-made nature. At the same time, the "war scenario" does not exclude the simultaneous damage of all chlorine containers in the warehouse, for example, due to the impact of a rocket, projectile, their fragments, etc. During wartime, the delivery of chlorine also becomes more difficult, and the risks of disabling automated safety devices due to power outages and other unforeseen situations increase. It is obvious that in wartime, and especially during regional active hostilities, the use of gaseous chlorine should be abandoned, but not the disinfection of drinking water. The authors considered the possibilities of using alternative methods of disinfection of drinking water, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the possibility of quick re-equipment of disinfection stations. It was noted that solving the issue of replacing gaseous chlorine with safer disinfection reagents should become an integral part of plans to ensure a stable water supply of the settlement during emergency situations and military actions. The optimal solution is to switch to the use of chlorine dioxide with diesel generators. The use of this reagent, in addition to the high reliability and safety of water disinfection, simultaneously prevents the formation of trihalomethanes. In the short term, it is recommended to replace chlorine gas with calcium hypochlorite, which can be stored for a long time. Although the reagent is more expensive compared to other chlorine-containing reagents, its use is intended only in dangerous periods, so the cost should not be considered critical.
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Weber, Heike, and Gijs Mom. "Editorial." Transfers 5, no. 1 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2015.050101.
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The final months of 2014 have seen many critical events in respect to mobility: Apple introduced its Apple Watch, a cyborg technology that adds a novel, substantially corporeal layer to our “always on” connectedness—what Sherry Turkle has termed the “tethered self.”1 Moreover, it is said to revolutionize mobile paying systems, and it might finally implement mobile body monitoring techniques into daily life.2 Ebola is terrorizing Africa and frightening the world; its outbreak and spread is based on human mobility, and researchers are calling for better control and quantifi cation of human mobility in the affected regions to contain the disease.3 Even its initial spread from animals to humans may have had its origin in human transgressions beyond traditional habitats, by intruding into insular bush regions and using the local fruit bats as food. Due to global mobility patterns, the viral passenger switched transport modes, from animal to airplane. On the other hand, private space fl ight suff ered two serious setbacks in just one week when the Antares rocket of Orbital Sciences, with supplies for the International Space Station and satellites on board, exploded, and shortly after, SpaceShipTwo crashed over the Mojave Desert. Th ese catastrophic failures ignited wide media discussion on the challenges, dangers, and signifi cance of space mobility, its ongoing commercialization and privatization, and, in particular, plans for future manned space travel for “tourists.”4
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Siebert, J., C. Timmis, G. Vaughan, and K. H. Fricke. "<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> A strange cloud in the Arctic summer stratosphere 1998 above Esrange (68°N), Sweden." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 4 (2000): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0505-0.
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Abstract. When the University of Bonn lidar on the Esrange (68°N, 21°E), Sweden, was switched on in the evening of July 18, 1998, a geometrically and optically thin cloud layer was present near 14 km altitude or 400 K potential temperature, where it persisted for two hours. The tropopause altitude was 4 km below the cloud altitude. The cloud particles depolarized the lidar returns, thus must they have been aspherical and hence solid. Atmospheric temperatures near 230 K were approximately 40 K too high to support ice particles at stratospheric water vapour pressures of a few ppmv. The isentropic back trajectory on 400 K showed the air parcels to have stayed clear of active major rocket launch sites. The air parcels at 400 K had traveled from the Aleutians across Canada and the Atlantic Ocean arriving above central Europe and then turned northward to pass over above the lidar station. Parcels at levels at ±25 K from 400 K had come from the pole and joined the 400 K trajectory path above eastern Canada. Apparently the cloud existed in a filament of air with an origin different from those filaments both above and below. Possibly the 400 K level air parcels had carried soot particles from forest wild fires in northern Canada or volcanic ash from the eruption of the Korovin Volcano in the Aleutian Islands.Key words: Atmospheric composition and structure (aerosols and particles; biosphere-atmosphere interactions) · Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmospheric dynamics)
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Werth, Sebastian, Christina Koehler, Vera Gelbricht, et al. "Real Life Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation – First Results of the Prospective Noac Registry (NCT01588119)." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1156.1156.
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Abstract Abstract 1156 Background: In the ROCKET-AF trial, rivaroxaban (RX) has been found to be at least as effective and safe as warfarin to prevent stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) and is approved in many countries. However, patients in RCT‘s present a selected population which is treated under a strict protocol and followed for a short period of time. Consequently, efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) need to be confirmed in unselected patients in daily care. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and management issues of rivaroxaban anticoagulation in AF in daily care. Patients and methods: In the district of Saxony, Germany, a network of 200 physicians from private practice and hospitals enrol patients in the prospective NOAC registry. Inclusion criteria are: 1) indication for NOAC anticoagulation >3 month; 2) age > 18 years; 3) written informed consent; 4) availability for follow-up. No Exclusion criteria apply. In the registry, up to 2000 patients will receive prospective follow up (FU) by phone visits at day 30 day and quarterly thereafter to collect efficacy and safety data. Results: Until July 31th 2012, 938 patients were registered. Of these, 504 patients received RX for atrial fibrillation (demographic data in table 1). Despite similar age (mean 75 years), our real world cohort has lower CHADS2-Scores compared to ROCKET-AF (2.4 vs. 3.5). The preferred dosage in most RX patients (68.8%) was 20mg, but these patients had lower CHADS2-scores than patients receiving 15 mg (2.2 vs. 2.8). Two third of patients were newly anticoagulated and one third was switched from Vitamin-K antagonists, mainly due to poor INR control or bleeding complications. Results of 30-day-, 3-month and 6-month FU are shown in table 2. Currently, FU data cumulate to 112.2 patient years. Five patients (1.0%) experienced major cardiovascular events (3 ACS, 1 ischemic stroke, 1 TIA). Another five patients experienced minor cardiovascular events (syncope). Three patients (0.6%) died within the first month of treatment (one due to sudden cardiac death, possibly related to ventricular fibrillation, two of underlying disease). Bleeding complications were frequent (15.2%) but major bleeding was rare (n=1; 0.2%). At 3 month, 95% of patients were still taking RX. Conclusion: In unselected patients in daily care, RX is effective and safe with low rates of cardiovascular or major bleeding events and low rates of treatment discontinuation in the first 180 days of treatment. Disclosures: Werth: Bayer Healthcare: Honoraria. Beyer-Westendorf:Bayer Healthcare: Bayer provided a grant to support the NOAC registry in part Other, Honoraria; Boehringer Ingelheim: Boehringer provided a grant to support the NOAC registry in part, Boehringer provided a grant to support the NOAC registry in part Other, Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria.
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Laine, Roney O., William Zeile, Fan Kang, Daniel L. Purich, and Frederick S. Southwick. "Vinculin Proteolysis Unmasks an ActA Homolog for Actin-based Shigella Motility." Journal of Cell Biology 138, no. 6 (1997): 1255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.138.6.1255.
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To generate the forces needed for motility, the plasma membranes of nonmuscle cells adopt an activated state that dynamically reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton. By usurping components from focal contacts and the actin cytoskeleton, the intracellular pathogens Shigella flexneri and Listeria monocytogenes use molecular mimicry to create their own actin-based motors. We raised an antibody (designated FS-1) against the FEFPPPPTDE sequence of Listeria ActA, and this antibody: (a) localized at the trailing end of motile intracellular Shigella, (b) inhibited intracellular locomotion upon microinjection of Shigella-infected cells, and (c) cross-reacted with the proteolytically derived 90-kD human vinculin head fragment that contains the Vinc-1 oligoproline sequence, PDFPPPPPDL. Antibody FS-1 reacted only weakly with full-length vinculin, suggesting that the Vinc-1 sequence in full-length vinculin may be masked by its tail region and that this sequence is unmasked by proteolysis. Immunofluoresence staining with a monoclonal antibody against the head region of vinculin (Vin 11-5) localized to the back of motile bacteria (an identical staining pattern observed with the anti-ActA FS-1 antibody), indicating that motile bacteria attract a form of vinculin containing an unmasked Vinc-1 oligoproline sequence. Microinjection of submicromolar concentrations of a synthetic Vinc-1 peptide arrested Shigella intracellular motility, underscoring the functional importance of this sequence. Western blots revealed that Shigella infection induces vinculin proteolysis in PtK2 cells and generates p90 head fragment over the same 1–3 h time frame when intracellular bacteria move within the host cell cytoplasm. We also discovered that microinjected p90, but not full-length vinculin, accelerates rates of pathogen motility by a factor of 3 ± 0.4 in Shigella-infected PtK2 cells. These experiments suggest that vinculin p90 is a rate-limiting component in actin-based Shigella motility, and that supplementing cells with p90 stimulates rocket tail growth. Earlier findings demonstrated that vinculin p90 binds to IcsA (Suzuki, T.A., S. Saga, and C. Sasakawa. 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271:21878– 21885) and to vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) (Brindle, N.P.J., M.R. Hold, J.E. Davies, C.J. Price, and D.R. Critchley. 1996. Biochem. J. 318:753– 757). We now offer a working model in which proteolysis unmasks vinculin's ActA-like oligoproline sequence. Unmasking of this site serves as a molecular switch that initiates assembly of an actin-based motility complex containing VASP and profilin.
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Essenova, K. U., K. A. Kurmanaliev, and Zh K. Baltabaeva. "Distance Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Language Barriers and New Contents of Kazakh Society." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 131, no. 1 (2024): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2024-1/2664-0686.20.
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The COVID-19 pandemic, which rocked humanity on Earth, changed people's attitudes, psychology, and way of life. Because of this situation, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an emergency of international importance, various scientific and clinical studies were conducted, and the people of the world had to adapt to the situation. In 2020–2022, it is known that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious challenge for the education system of the whole world. During the pandemic, schoolchildren and students of higher education institutions couldn't study in the traditional format, so they switched to the online mode. When the pandemic started, it was not easy to hold classes in a distance learning format. Both teachers and students of higher educational institutions had to learn ways to use information and communication technologies, new platforms, and tools and use them in the teaching process. The purpose, methodology, methodical materials, organizational forms of the lesson, selection of educational tools, and organization are related to pedagogical design. However, despite the systematic planning of classes, there were gaps in the organization of online training, such as the inability of all students to connect, poor internet access, lack of devices to use the internet, unsuitability, etc. All this interfered with the activities of students in the lesson process communicatively and pragmatically. Also, during distance learning, lexico-semantic barriers were encountered in the speech of students, which were influenced by cases when new terms began to be actively introduced into our language, difficulties with their interpretation, and limited ZOOM time for analyzing and interpreting the meaning of these words. These points were taken into account and analyzed in the article. The changes in the people's daily life in our country were also reflected in their language, i.e., since March 2020, our language has been supplemented with many new words, and several words and phrases have acquired new meanings. Some of them expanded the scope of work and moved from special medical and social spheres to general use. The article also paid attention to the types and usage of new language units that entered the vocabulary of the Kazakh language during the spread of the Coronavirus infection.
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Magnani, Alessandra, Michaela Semeraro, Frédéric ADAM, et al. "Long-Term Follow-up Study after Lentiviral Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Gene Therapy for Wiskott - Aldrich Syndrome." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (2021): 2934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-147697.
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Abstract Wiskott Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked primary immunodeficiency associated with thrombocytopenia, eczema, infectious, autoimmune complications, and lymphomas. Patients lacking an HLA-matched donor may benefit from an alternative therapeutic approach based on the infusion of autologous gene corrected CD34+ cells. We previously reported a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1/2 clinical study applying a lentiviral vector based gene therapy (GT) protocol in 7 paediatric patients with severe WAS (score ≥ 3/5) (S. Hacein-Bey Abina et al, JAMA 2015). One patient died 7 months after GT because of pre-existing severe opportunistic infections, as reported. Two additional patients have been treated since that initial report, with a follow-up of at least 4 years. We here present a comprehensive long-term study on 8 patients with a follow-up from 4 to 9 years (median 7.6). The safety and efficacy of the approach is thoroughly investigated, with a particular focus on the correction of thrombocytopenia and auto-immunity. A stable engraftment of genetically and functionally corrected lymphoid and myeloid cells was reached in all patients, with no serious treatment-associated adverse events or concerning clonal expansion. Corrected lymphoid cells displayed a selective advantage over time with increasing vector copy number (VCN) level. In turn, this led to (i) sustained expression of WAS protein (WASp) in the patients' cells and (ii) clinical resolution of severe eczema and susceptibility to recurrent infections. In line with these results, T-cell function was restored after GT, as shown by the recovery of immune synapse assembly and the normalization of naïve T cell numbers. The T-cell compartment was also reconstituted in the patient treated at the age of 30 years, suggesting that GT for WAS is a treatment option in adult patients. In parallel with the robustness of T-cell reconstitution a normalized B-cell compartment was observed after GT, as shown in particular by increasing levels of WASp + switched memory B cells over time and the age-matched levels of KRECs. Five patients out of 8 were able to discontinue Ig replacement therapy while achieving normal post-vaccination antibody titers. Autoimmune disorders and bleeding episodes were significantly less frequent, despite only partial correction of the platelet compartment. After GT, a few autoimmune manifestations were observed: the persistence of lower extremity vasculitis (P2, very severe prior to GT), the new occurrence of nephrotic syndrome (P9), and the presence of anti-platelet antibodies (P2, P4, P7). The levels of circulating autoantibodies detected before GT (including ANA and vasculitis-related autoantibodies) normalized after treatment. Following GT, platelets were found to express sub-normal levels of WASp and to only partially augment their size. Platelet function studies indicated a partial correction of the platelet compartment achieved by GT, which may be sufficient to prevent occurrence of the hemorrhagic symptoms typical of WAS. Our results suggest that lentiviral GT provides sustained clinical benefits for patients with WAS. Overall clinical remission was observed in our patients despite very severe disease scores before GT. More efficacious and more reliable transduction protocols and conditioning regimen are likely to further improve outcomes, particularly with regard to platelet recovery, where the advantages of intrinsic correction are less apparent. Disclosures Booth: Orchard Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria; SOBI: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; GSK: Honoraria; Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy. Thrasher: Orchard Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Generation bio: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; 4Bio Capital: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Rocket Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Cavazzana: Smart Immune: Other: co-founder.
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"Rocker switch tactile coding and direction of motion stereotypes." Applied Ergonomics 18, no. 1 (1987): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(87)90103-7.
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