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Journal articles on the topic 'Rockfalls'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Dietze, Michael, Jens M. Turowski, Kristen L. Cook, and Niels Hovius. "Spatiotemporal patterns, triggers and anatomies of seismically detected rockfalls." Earth Surface Dynamics 5, no. 4 (2017): 757–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-757-2017.

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Abstract. Rockfalls are a ubiquitous geomorphic process and a natural hazard in steep landscapes across the globe. Seismic monitoring can provide precise information on the timing, location and event anatomy of rockfalls, which are parameters that are otherwise hard to constrain. By pairing data from 49 seismically detected rockfalls in the Lauterbrunnen Valley in the Swiss Alps with auxiliary meteorologic and seismic data of potential triggers during autumn 2014 and spring 2015, we are able to (i) analyse the evolution of single rockfalls and their common properties, (ii) identify spatial cha

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2

Saroglou, Charalampos. "GIS-Based Rockfall Susceptibility Zoning in Greece." Geosciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040163.

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The assessment of rockfall risks on human activities and infrastructure is of great importance. Rock falls pose a significant risk to (a) transportation infrastructure, (b) inhabited areas, and (c) Cultural Heritage sites. The paper presents a method to assess rockfall susceptibility at national scale in Greece, using a simple rating approach and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. An extensive inventory of rockfalls for the entire country was compiled for the period between 1935 and 2019. The rockfall events that were recorded are those which have mainly occurred as distinct rock

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3

Kotze, Greg, Andrew Hunter, and David Field. "A 30 year review of rockfall frequency and coastal cliff regression on the northern beaches of Sydney, Australia." Australian Geomechanics Journal 59, no. 3 (2024): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56295/agj5935.

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Sydney’s coastline is characterised by spectacular cliffs and headlands, comprising near vertical exposures of Triassic sedimentary strata that range in height up to 80 metres. Natural regression processes are constant and largely manifest as rockfalls of various sizes. These rockfalls have the potential to impact people and property that are located both around the base and across the crests of coastal cliffs and headlands. Recreationalists accessing parks, reserves, walkways and coastal swimming pools can be at risk of rockfall impact from above. Cliff-top developments that have encroached t

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4

Walton, Gabriel, and Luke Weidner. "Accuracy of Rockfall Volume Reconstruction from Point Cloud Data—Evaluating the Influences of Data Quality and Filtering." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010165.

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Rockfall processes are now commonly studied through monitoring campaigns using repeat lidar scanning. Accordingly, several recent studies have evaluated how the temporal resolution of data collection and various data-processing decisions can influence the apparent rockfall volumes estimated using typical rockfall database creation workflows. However, there is a lack of studies that consider how data quality and associated data-processing decisions influence rockfall volume estimation. In this work, we perform a series of tests based on an existing reference rockfall database from the Front Ran

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5

Melzner, Sandra, Marco Conedera, Johannes Hübl, and Mauro Rossi. "Lessons learnt from a rockfall time series analysis: data collection, statistical analysis, and applications." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 9 (2023): 3079–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3079-2023.

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Abstract. Historical rockfall catalogues are important data sources for the investigation of the temporal occurrence of rockfalls, which is crucial information for rockfall hazard and risk assessments. However, such catalogues are rare and often incomplete. Here, we selected and analysed seven catalogues of historical rockfalls in Austria, Italy, and the USA to highlight existing relationships between data collection and mapping methods and representativeness of the resulting rockfall records. Heuristic and simple statistically based frequency analysis methods are applied to describe and compa

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6

Wick, E., V. Baumann, and M. Jaboyedoff. "Brief communication "Report on the impact of the 27 February 2010 earthquake (Chile, <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 8.8) on rockfalls in the Las Cuevas valley, Argentina"." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 9 (2010): 1989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1989-2010.

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Abstract. Numerous rockfalls were detected in the Las Cuevas valley, Argentina, after the 27 February 2010 earthquake in Chile. Live rockfalls were observed during aftershocks of 11 March 2010. Many rockfall source areas coincide with known thrust fault and some areas presented a rockfall activity even after the tremors. Some rockfalls crossed the National Road 7 but no damages to houses or vehicles were reported. This study illustrates how the 27 February 2010 earthquake impacted on unstable slopes in a valley far from the earthquakes epicentre. It is an interesting addition to previous studi

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7

Liu, Ming, and Jie Chen. "Movement and Protection for Random Shape Rockfalls in Steeply Dipping Coal Seams." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (October 12, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9965415.

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In view of the randomness of rockfalls shape and irregularity of the bottom floor of working face in steeply dipping coal seams (SDCS), it is difficult to accurately simulate rockfall movement, and it is consequently unable to effectively protect against multirockfalls. Therefore, a method for generating random shape rockfalls based on ellipsoid equation is proposed, and a 3D grid model of real bottom floor of working face is established based on the geographic information system data. In order to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the method and 3D model, the trajectory simulated by Rocky

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8

D'Amato, Julie, Didier Hantz, Antoine Guerin, Michel Jaboyedoff, Laurent Baillet, and Armand Mariscal. "Influence of meteorological factors on rockfall occurrence in a middle mountain limestone cliff." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 3 (2016): 719–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-719-2016.

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Abstract. The influence of meteorological conditions on rockfall occurrence has been often highlighted, but knowledge of it is still not sufficient due to the lack of exhaustive and precise rockfall databases. In this study, rockfalls have been detected in a limestone cliff by annual terrestrial laser scanning, and dated by photographic survey over a period of 2.5 years. A near-continuous survey (one photo every 10 min) with a wide-angle lens has made it possible to date 214 rockfalls larger than 0.1 m3, and a monthly survey with a telephoto lens has dated 854 rockfalls larger than 0.01 m3. An

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9

Delonca, A., Y. Gunzburger, and T. Verdel. "Statistical correlation between meteorological and rockfall databases." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 8 (2014): 1953–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1953-2014.

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Abstract. Rockfalls are a major and essentially unpredictable sources of danger, particularly along transportation routes (roads and railways). Thus, the assessment of their probability of occurrence is a major challenge for risk management. From a qualitative perspective, it is known that rockfalls occur mainly during periods of rain, snowmelt, or freeze–thaw. Nevertheless, from a quantitative perspective, these generally assumed correlations between rockfalls and their possible meteorological triggering events are often difficult to identify because (i) rockfalls are too rare for the use of

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10

Guerin, A., D. Hantz, J. P. Rossetti, and M. Jaboyedoff. "Brief communication"Estimating rockfall frequency in a mountain limestone cliff using terrestrial laser scanner"." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 1 (2014): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-123-2014.

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Abstract. Using terrestrial laser scanner, 344 rockfalls larger than 0.05 m3 have been detected for a period of 1180 days, in a thinly bedded limestone cliff of width 750 m and height 200 m. The complementary cumulative distribution of the rockfall volume is well fitted by a power law, with an exponent b of 0.75 ± 0.04. In order to compare the rockfall frequencies in different geological contexts, a rockfall activity parameter has been defined, which is the number of rockfalls larger than 1 m3, which occur per century and per hm2.

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11

Wang, Xueliang, Haiyang Liu, and Juanjuan Sun. "A New Approach for Identification of Potential Rockfall Source Areas Controlled by Rock Mass Strength at a Regional Scale." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (2021): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050938.

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The identification of rockfall source areas is a fundamental work for rockfall disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the Culmann model, a pair of important indicators to estimate the state of slope stability is the relief and slope angles. Considering the limit of field survey and the increasing requirements for identification over a large area, a new approach using the relief–slope angle relationship to identify rockfall source areas controlled by rock mass strength at a regional scale is proposed in this paper. Using data from helicopter-based remote sensing imagery, a digital elevati

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12

Field, David, and Andrew Hunter. "Methods for assessing remote rockfall hazards above transport corridors." Australian Geomechanics Journal 59, no. 3 (2024): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56295/agj5936.

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Many roads and railways in Australia, particularly in eastern Australia, traverse steep natural escarpments. These roads are commonly associated with rockfall hazards that pose risks to road users and can also cause significant disruption to these transport assets. The source of these rockfalls can originate considerable distances upslope of roads, often amongst densely forested slopes on steep, mountainous terrain that is difficult to access. Given these constraints it is often difficult for practitioners to assess rockfall hazards and ultimately risks, based on inspections undertaken from wi

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13

Al-Shaar, Mohammad, Pierre-Charles Gerard, Ghaleb Faour, Walid Al-Shaar, and Jocelyne Adjizian-Gérard. "A Comprehensive Approach to Quantitative Risk Assessment of Rockfalls on Buildings Using 3D Model of Rockfall Runout." J 7, no. 2 (2024): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j7020011.

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Rockfalls are incidents of nature that take place when rocks or boulders break from a steep slope and fall to the ground. They can pose considerable threats to buildings placed in high-risk zones. Despite the fact that the impact of a rockfall on a building can cause structural and non-structural damage, few studies have been undertaken to investigate the danger associated with this event. Most of these studies indicated that the risk resulting from rockfall hazards is hard to forecast and assess. A comprehensive quantitative risk assessment approach for rockfalls on buildings is developed and

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14

Ma, Chunhui, Ying Tu, Yonglin Zhou, Jie Yang, and Lin Cheng. "Dynamic Response of PCCP under the Rockfall Impact Based on the Continuous–Discontinuous Method: A Case Study." Water 16, no. 6 (2024): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16060801.

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Rockfalls are major geological hazards threatening prestressed concrete cylinder pipes (PCCPs) in water diversion projects. To accurately assess the impact of large deformation movements of rockfalls on PCCPs, this study utilized the continuous–discontinuous method to investigate the dynamic response of a PCCP under a rockfall. The impact mode of rockfalls, the mechanical characteristics of PCCP, and the nonlinear-contact characteristics between soil and PCCP were considered in this study. The advantages of continuous and discontinuous numerical simulation methods were utilized to establish a

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15

Copons, R., J. M. Vilaplana, and R. Linares. "Rockfall travel distance analysis by using empirical models (Solà d'Andorra la Vella, Central Pyrenees)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 6 (2009): 2107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-2107-2009.

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Abstract. The prediction of rockfall travel distance below a rock cliff is an indispensable activity in rockfall susceptibility, hazard and risk assessment. Although the size of the detached rock mass may differ considerably at each specific rock cliff, small rockfall (<100 m3) is the most frequent process. Empirical models may provide us with suitable information for predicting the travel distance of small rockfalls over an extensive area at a medium scale (1:100 000–1:25 000). "Solà d'Andorra la Vella" is a rocky slope located close to the town of Andorra la Vella, where the government ha

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16

Macciotta, Renato, Frank Altamirano, Lachlan Gibbins, Marco Espezua, Rubén Fernández, and Javier Maguiña. "Rock Fall Hazard Analysis for In-Pit Operations Potentially Impacting External Sensitive Areas." Mining 1, no. 2 (2021): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining1020009.

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Controlling rockfall-related risks is a requirement for safe pit operations and primarily mitigated through adequate bench geometry design and implementation. This paper presents a method for rockfall hazard analysis for in-pit operations potentially impacting external sensible areas, adapted from natural rockfall hazard analyses. The method considers the natural susceptibility to rockfalls pre-mining, rockfalls originated from bench failures, and those initiated as flyrock. Rockfall trajectory models are used to estimate the potential for blocks reaching exposed elements. Natural susceptibili

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17

Borella, Josh, Mark Quigley, Zoe Krauss, et al. "Geologic and geomorphic controls on rockfall hazard: how well do past rockfalls predict future distributions?" Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 10 (2019): 2249–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2249-2019.

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Abstract. To evaluate the geospatial hazard relationships between recent (contemporary) rockfalls and their prehistoric predecessors, we compare the locations, physical characteristics, and lithologies of rockfall boulders deposited during the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence (CES) (n=185) with those deposited prior to the CES (n=1093). Population ratios of pre-CES to CES boulders at two study sites vary spatially from ∼5:1 to 8.5:1. This is interpreted to reflect (i) variations in CES rockfall flux due to intra- and inter-event spatial differences in ground motions (e.g., directionali

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18

D'Amato, J., D. Hantz, A. Guerin, M. Jaboyedoff, L. Baillet, and A. Mariscal. "Influence of meteorological factors on rockfall occurrence in a middle mountain limestone cliff." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 12 (2015): 7587–630. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-7587-2015.

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Abstract. The influence of meteorological conditions on rockfall occurrence has been often highlighted, but its knowledge is still not sufficient due to the lack of exhaustive and precise rockfall data bases. In this study, rockfalls have been detected in a limestone cliff by annual terrestrial laser scanning, and dated by photographic survey during 2.5 years. A near-continuous survey (1 photo each 10 mn) with a wide-angle lens have allowed dating 214 rockfalls larger than 0.1 m3, and a monthly survey with a telephoto lens, dating 854 rockfalls larger than 0.01 m3. The analysis of the two data

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19

Pérez-Rey, I., R. Sarro, R. Tomás, et al. "A brief review of the effect of wildfires on rockfall occurrence." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1124, no. 1 (2023): 012122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012122.

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Abstract Wildfires and rockfalls are among the major hazards in forested mountainous regions across Europe. Understanding processes and conditions that lead to rockfalls during and after a wildfire in different geological contexts is, therefore, of great relevance. The increase of rockfalls associated with the occurrence of wildfires is connected to several factors, not only in the detached area but also in the propagation and affected area. Wildfires cause changes in the mechanical properties of rocks and discontinuities as well as the loss of protective capacity from vegetation, complemented

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20

Macciotta, Renato, Chris Gräpel, and Roger Skirrow. "Fragmented Rockfall Volume Distribution from Photogrammetry-Based Structural Mapping and Discrete Fracture Networks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (2020): 6977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196977.

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The design of rockfall protection structures requires information about the falling block volumes. Computational tools for rockfall trajectory simulation are now capable of modeling block fragmentation, requiring the fragmented volume-relative frequency distribution of rockfalls as input. This can be challenging at locations with scarce or nonexistent rockfall records and where block surveys are not feasible. The work in this paper shows that simple discrete fracture network realizations from structural mapping based on photogrammetric techniques can be used to reliably estimate rock fall bloc

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21

Delonca, A., Y. Gunzburger, and T. Verdel. "Assessment of rockfall hazards using databases and considering triggering meteorological events." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 2 (2014): 1333–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-1333-2014.

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Abstract. Rockfalls are major and essentially unpredictable sources of danger, particularly along transportation routes (roads and railways). Thus, assessment of their probabilities of occurrence is a major challenge for risk management. From a qualitative perspective, experience has shown that rockfalls occur mainly during periods of rain, snowmelt, or freeze–thaw. Nevertheless, from a quantitative perspective, these generally assumed correlations between rockfalls and their possible meteorological triggering events are often difficult to identify because (i) rockfalls are too rare for the us

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22

van Veen, Megan, D. Jean Hutchinson, David A. Bonneau, Zac Sala, Matthew Ondercin, and Matt Lato. "Combining temporal 3-D remote sensing data with spatial rockfall simulations for improved understanding of hazardous slopes within rail corridors." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 8 (2018): 2295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2295-2018.

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Abstract. Remote sensing techniques can be used to gain a more detailed understanding of hazardous rock slopes along railway corridors that would otherwise be inaccessible. Multiple datasets can be used to identify changes over time, creating an inventory of events to produce magnitude–frequency relationships for rockfalls sourced on the slope. This study presents a method for using the remotely sensed data to develop inputs to rockfall simulations, including rockfall source locations and slope material parameters, which can be used to determine the likelihood of a rockfall impacting the railw

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Mueller, S. B., N. R. Varley, U. Kueppers, P. Lesage, G. Á. Reyes Davila, and D. B. Dingwell. "Quantification of magma ascent rate through rockfall monitoring at the growing/collapsing lava dome of Volcán de Colima, Mexico." Solid Earth Discussions 5, no. 1 (2013): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-5-1-2013.

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Abstract. The most recent eruptive phase of Volcán de Colima, Mexico, started in 1998 and was characterized by episodic dome growth with a variable effusion rate, interrupted intermittently by explosive eruptions. Between November 2009 and June 2011, growth at the dome was limited to a lobe on the western side where it had previously started overflowing the crater rim, leading to the generation of rockfall events. This meant that no significant increase in dome volume was perceivable and the rate of magma ascent, a crucial parameter for volcano monitoring and hazard assessment, could no longer

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24

Zhang, Yu, Jierui Feng, Longhuan Du, et al. "Numerical Investigation of the Dynamic Response of a Sand Cushion with Multiple Rockfall Impacts." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 3554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043554.

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A shed cave structure with a sand cushion is often used as a protective structure for rockfall disasters. Because of the randomness and unpredictability of rockfall disasters, the cushions of shed caves often suffer multiple impacts from rockfalls. Aiming at the problem of multiple impacts of rockfall, this paper uses the three-dimensional discrete element method to study the dynamic response of multiple rockfall impacts on sand cushions from different heights. Before conducting large-scale simulation studies, the input parameters in the numerical model are verified with data from laboratory e

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Dietze, Michael, Solmaz Mohadjer, Jens M. Turowski, Todd A. Ehlers, and Niels Hovius. "Seismic monitoring of small alpine rockfalls – validity, precision and limitations." Earth Surface Dynamics 5, no. 4 (2017): 653–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-653-2017.

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Abstract. Rockfall in deglaciated mountain valleys is perhaps the most important post-glacial geomorphic process for determining the rates and patterns of valley wall erosion. Furthermore, rockfall poses a significant hazard to inhabitants and motivates monitoring efforts in populated areas. Traditional rockfall detection methods, such as aerial photography and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data evaluation, provide constraints on the location and released volume of rock but have limitations due to significant time lags or integration times between surveys, and deliver limited information on

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Birien, Tom, and Francis Gauthier. "Assessing the relationship between weather conditions and rockfall using terrestrial laser scanning to improve risk management." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 1 (2023): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-343-2023.

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Abstract. Since 1987, more than 13 200 rockfalls have been inventoried by the ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) as having impacted the national road Route 132 in northern Gaspésie. This natural hazard represents a nearly permanent danger for road users. Traditional mitigation measures can be ineffective on poorly consolidated, deformed and highly fractured rockwalls such as those found in northern Gaspésie. To address this issue, implementing preventive risk management based on the factors that trigger rock instabilities could be the most effective method. Earthquake, rainfall and freez

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Rinat, Yair, Ari Matmon, Maurice Arnold, et al. "Holocene rockfalls in the southern Negev Desert, Israel and their relation to Dead Sea fault earthquakes." Quaternary Research 81, no. 2 (2014): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.008.

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AbstractRockfall ages in tectonically active regions provide information regarding frequency and magnitude of earthquakes. In the hyper-arid environment of the Dead Sea fault (DSF), southern Israel, rockfalls are most probably triggered by earthquakes. We dated rockfalls along the western margin of the DSF using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN). At each rockfall site, samples were collected from simultaneously exposed conjugate boulders and cliff surfaces. Such conjugate samples initially had identical pre-fall (“inherited”) TCN concentrations. After boulder detachment, these surfaces wer

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Lin, Yu-Wei, Chu-Fu Chiu, Li-Hsien Chen, and Chao-Ching Ho. "Real-Time Dynamic Intelligent Image Recognition and Tracking System for Rockfall Disasters." Journal of Imaging 10, no. 4 (2024): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10040078.

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Taiwan, frequently affected by extreme weather causing phenomena such as earthquakes and typhoons, faces a high incidence of rockfall disasters due to its largely mountainous terrain. These disasters have led to numerous casualties, government compensation cases, and significant transportation safety impacts. According to the National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction records from 2010 to 2022, 421 out of 866 soil and rock disasters occurred in eastern Taiwan, causing traffic disruptions due to rockfalls. Since traditional sensors of disaster detectors only record changes af

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Takhanov, Daulet, Merei Balpanova, Aigul Kenetayeva, Mukhammedrakhym Rabatuly, Gulnar Zholdybayeva, and Sheishenaly Usupayev. "Risk assessments for rockfalls taking into account the structure of the rock mass." E3S Web of Conferences 443 (2023): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344304012.

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The object of the study is the Far West quarry of Zhairemsky Mining and Processing Plant JSC. During the research work, the physical and mechanical properties of rocks at the Zhairem deposit were studied, an analysis of the correspondence between the actual and design parameters of the quarry was carried out, and field studies of rockfalls were carried out taking into account geotechnical domains. Due to an increase in the depth of development and a decrease in the width of the upper horizons of the Far West quarry, it is necessary to carry out an assessment of the risks of rockfalls and issue

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Kajdas, Joanna, Bogdan Gądek, Zofia Rączkowska, and Jarosław Cebulski. "Triggers of present-day rockfalls in the zone of sporadic permafrost in non-glaciated mountain region: the case study of Turnia Kurczaba (the Tatra Mts., Poland)." Geology, Geophysics and Environment 50, no. 1 (2024): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.23.

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In recent decades there has been growing evidence of the impact of ongoing climate warming on the frequency of rockfalls. However, these are not adequately documented, especially in non-glaciated, high mountain regions of middle latitude. This study comprehensively documents the Turnia Kurczaba rockfall, one of the most significant rockfalls recorded in recent decades in the Tatra Mountains. The precise projections of the volumes and distribution of rock losses and deposits, the determination of the trajectories, modes and speeds of movement of rock material, as well as information on the geol

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El Miloudi, Youssef, Younes El Kharim, Ali Bounab, and Rachid El Hamdouni. "Effect of Rockfall Spatial Representation on the Accuracy and Reliability of Susceptibility Models (The Case of the Haouz Dorsale Calcaire, Morocco)." Land 13, no. 2 (2024): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13020176.

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Rockfalls can cause loss of life and material damage. In Northern Morocco, rockfalls and rock avalanche-deposits are frequent, especially in the Dorsale Calcaire morpho-structural unit, which is mostly formed by Jurassic limestone and dolostone formations. In this study, we focus exclusively on its northern segment, conventionally known as “the Haouz subunit”. First, a rockfall inventory was conducted. Then, two datasets were prepared: one covering exclusively the source area and the other representing the entirety of the mass movements (source + propagation area). Two algorithms were then use

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Kanari, Mor, Oded Katz, Ram Weinberger, Naomi Porat, and Shmuel Marco. "Evaluating earthquake-induced rockfall hazard near the Dead Sea Transform." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 4 (2019): 889–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-889-2019.

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Abstract. We address an approach for rockfall hazard evaluation where the study area resides below a cliff in an a priori exposure to rockfall hazard, but no historical documentation of rockfall events is available and hence important rockfall hazard parameters like triggering mechanism and recurrence interval are unknown. We study the rockfall hazard for the town of Qiryat Shemona, northern Israel, situated alongside the Dead Sea Transform, at the foot of the Ramim escarpment. Numerous boulders are scattered on the slopes above the town, while pre-town historical aerial photos reveal that bou

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Mourey, Jacques, Pascal Lacroix, Pierre-Allain Duvillard, et al. "Multi-method monitoring of rockfall activity along the classic route up Mont Blanc (4809 m a.s.l.) to encourage adaptation by mountaineers." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 2 (2022): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-445-2022.

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Abstract. There are on average 35 fatal mountaineering accidents per summer in France. On average, since 1990, 3.7 of them have occurred every summer in the Grand Couloir du Goûter, on the classic route up Mont Blanc (4809 m a.s.l.). Rockfall is one of the main factors that explain this high accident rate and contribute to making it one of the most accident-prone areas in the Alps for mountaineers. In this particular context, the objective of this study is to document the rockfall activity and its triggering factors in the Grand Couloir du Goûter in order to disseminate the results to mountain

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Zhang, Xiulin, Qiang Fu, Yange Li, Zheng Han, Nan Jiang, and Changli Li. "A Dynamic Detection Method for Railway Slope Falling Rocks Based on the Gaussian Mixture Model Segmentation Algorithm." Applied Sciences 14, no. 11 (2024): 4454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14114454.

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Rockfall intrusion detection is crucial for the safety management of railway operations, and video detection methods help reduce deployment costs and improve detection efficiency. Mainstream neural network-based video detection methods have rapidly evolved in recent years but struggle to adapt to complex scenarios such as existing railway slope constructions due to weak generalization ability, low accuracy, and limited information acquisition. Therefore, this paper introduces a dynamic neural network detection model and establishes a dataset for rockfall intrusions in existing railway slope sc

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35

Colangelo, G., and A. Guariglia. "A Combined Methodology for Landslide Risk Mitigation in Basilicata Region by Using LIDAR Technique and Rockfall Simulation." International Journal of Geophysics 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/392676.

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Rockfalls represent a significant geohazards along the SS18 road of Basilicata Region, Italy. The management of these rockfall hazards and the mitigation of the risk require innovative approaches and technologies. This paper discusses a hazard assessment strategy and risk mitigation for rockfalls in a section of SS118, along the coast of Maratea, using LIDAR technique and spatial modelling. Historical rockfall records were used to calibrate the physical characteristics of the rockfall processes. The results of the simulations were used to define the intervention actions and engineering strateg

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Melzner, Sandra, Nurit Shtober-Zisu, Oded Katz, and Lea Wittenberg. "Brief communication: Post-wildfire rockfall risk in the eastern Alps." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 12 (2019): 2879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2879-2019.

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Abstract. In the eastern Alps, no previous research focused on the impact of wildfires on the occurrence of rockfalls. The investigation of wildfires and post-wildfire rockfalls gains new importance with respect to changes in weather extremes and rapid social developments such as population growth and tourism. The present work describes a wildfire that occurred in August 2018 in a famous world heritage site in Austria. Indicators of fire severity and rockfall occurrence during and after the fire are described.

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Mueller, S. B., N. R. Varley, U. Kueppers, P. Lesage, G. Á. Reyes Davila, and D. B. Dingwell. "Quantification of magma ascent rate through rockfall monitoring at the growing/collapsing lava dome of Volcán de Colima, Mexico." Solid Earth 4, no. 2 (2013): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-4-201-2013.

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Abstract. The most recent eruptive phase of Volcán de Colima, Mexico, started in 1998 and was characterized by dome growth with a variable effusion rate, interrupted intermittently by explosive eruptions. Between November 2009 and June 2011, activity at the dome was mostly limited to a lobe on the western side where it had previously started overflowing the crater rim, leading to the generation of rockfall events. As a consequence of this, no significant increase in dome volume was perceivable and the rate of magma ascent, a crucial parameter for volcano monitoring and hazard assessment could

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Massey, Chris I., Mauri J. McSaveney, Tony Taig, et al. "Determining Rockfall Risk in Christchurch Using Rockfalls Triggered by the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence." Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 1 (2014): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/021413eqs026m.

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The Canterbury earthquake sequence triggered thousands of rockfalls in the Port Hills of Christchurch, New Zealand, with over 6,000 falling on 22 February 2011. Several hundred families were evacuated after about 200 homes were hit. We characterized the rockfalls by boulder-size distribution, runout distance, source-area dimensions, and boulder-production rates over a range of triggering peak ground accelerations. Using these characteristics, a time-varying seismic hazard model for Canterbury, and estimates of residential occupancy rates and resident vulnerability, we estimated annual individu

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Charalambous, S., and M. Sakellariou. "Estimation of rockfall hazard using a GIS-based three-dimensional rockfall simulation model." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 4 (2007): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17223.

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Rockfall is a very common geomorphological process, yet a major hazard mainly in mountainous areas or along man-made slopes, potentially threatening lives, settlements, equipment, facilities and road infrastructure. In Greece, rockfalls are considered to be one of the most common forms of landslide as well as the most common failure mode likely to be triggered by a seismic event. Rockfall hazard assessment is requisite for both safety purposes (countermeasure design), as well as for land planning purposes. In this paper, a new three-dimensional rockfall simulation model, developed in GIS envir

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Blanco, Laura, David García-Sellés, Marta Guinau, et al. "Machine Learning-Based Rockfalls Detection with 3D Point Clouds, Example in the Montserrat Massif (Spain)." Remote Sensing 14, no. 17 (2022): 4306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174306.

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Rock slope monitoring using 3D point cloud data allows the creation of rockfall inventories, provided that an efficient methodology is available to quantify the activity. However, monitoring with high temporal and spatial resolution entails the processing of a great volume of data, which can become a problem for the processing system. The standard methodology for monitoring includes the steps of data capture, point cloud alignment, the measure of differences, clustering differences, and identification of rockfalls. In this article, we propose a new methodology adapted from existing algorithms

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Mineo, Simone, and Giovanna Pappalardo. "Sustainable Fruition of Cultural Heritage in Areas Affected by Rockfalls." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010296.

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This paper deals with the evaluation of rockfall risk in cultural heritage, in the frame of a quick protocol for a preliminary zonation, to ensure the safe management and sustainable fruition of the sites. Several historical complexes in mountainous areas are indeed threatened by rock slope instability, and rockfalls can be counted among the main causes of fatality. In such a complex, a rockfall risk zonation would represent a useful management tool for both the choice of specific safe tourist paths, but also for the proper employment of economic resources allocated for mitigation measures. Ne

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Melillo, Massimo, Stefano Luigi Gariano, Silvia Peruccacci, Roberto Sarro, Rosa Marìa Mateos, and Maria Teresa Brunetti. "Rainfall and rockfalls in the Canary Islands: assessing a seasonal link." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 8 (2020): 2307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2307-2020.

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Abstract. Rockfalls are frequent and harmful phenomena occurring in mountain ranges, coastal cliffs, and slope cuts. Although several natural processes occur in their formation and triggering, rainfall is one of the most common causes. The prediction of rock failures is of social significance for civil protection purposes and can rely on the statistical analysis of past rainfall conditions that caused the failures. The paper describes the analysis of information on rainfall-induced rockfalls in Gran Canaria and Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). An analysis of the monthly rainfall versus the mo

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Kreiniuk, Mark, and Nikolay Belyaev. "Investigation of Natural Hazards: Theoretical and Practical Models." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 1090–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.1090.

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Different types of methods needed to determinate risk of natural hazards on the field for different types of hazards. Avalanche and rockfall act the same, get acceleration from gravity depend on slope. It mostly often that they both possible in mountain region around the earth. But behavior of this processes is different and consequences are also different. To predict rockfalls and avalanches we have to create method which can be compared with reality. Compare model versus reality possible in areas with many years of observations. So we can use thisa model to simulate behavior of rockfalls and

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Saroglou, H. "Rockfall hazard in Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 3 (2016): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10982.

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The geological structure of Greece (frequent occurrence of rock formations, existence of faults and fracturing of rocks), the steep topography and mountainous terrain as well as its high seismicity, creates a significant rockfall hazard. During the last decades, rockfalls in Greece are becoming a frequent phenomenon due to the increase of intense rainfall events but also due to the extension of human activities in mountainous areas. The paper presents rockfall hazard in Greece trough an inventory of rockfalls and investigates the correlation of specific factors, namely: a) triggering mechanism

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Admassu, Yonathan. "Digital Surface Model-aided Quantitative Geologic Rockfall Rating System (QG-RRS)." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 25, no. 4 (2019): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2102.

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ABSTRACT Rockfalls are one of the most common types of slope failures that affect cut slopes along roadways in mountainous regions. The Rockfall Hazard Rating System (RHRS), started in Oregon and adopted by various U.S. states, is used to rate cut slopes with respect to their likelihood of releasing rockfalls. Existing rating systems use semi-quantitative approaches to rate geological and non-geological factors. The main geologic factors are favorability/unfavorability of orientation of discontinuities with respect to the orientation of slope faces and likelihood of differential weathering lea

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Pardo, Juan Manuel, Jose Miguel Galera, and Joaquin Mulas. "Methodology for Study of Rockfalls in Urban Areas – Computer Modeling and Mitigation in Algodonales, Spain." Geomatics and Environmental Engineering 18, no. 5 (2024): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geom.2024.18.5.75.

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Rockfalls in urban areas can cause significant damage. Without direct observation, it is difficult to reconstruct the specific details of an event. The study of rockfalls requires analyses of the source areas, slope parameters, blocks characteristics (size, shape, and mass), and the likely movements of independent blocks along their trajectories (free-falling, rolling, sliding, and rebounding). This article will propose a feasible methodology for the study of rockfalls based on identifiable parameters, conditioning factors (geology, geomorphology, geomechanical, hydrogeology, climate, and biol

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Milan, Lorenzo, Maria Lia Napoli, Monica Barbero, and Marta Castelli. "A Novel Approach to Assess the Influence of Rockfall Source Areas: The Case Study of Bardonecchia (Italy)." Geosciences 13, no. 12 (2023): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13120386.

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In this research article, we propose a practical methodology for evaluating the affecting potential of detachment areas in rockfalls. Our innovative approach combines an assessment of the visibility of rockfall source areas, with reference to specific rockfall scenarios and elements at risk, considering the rockfall Susceptibility Index to Failure (SIF) of these areas. The result is the characterization of source areas through a rockfall Source Affecting Index (SAI), which considers both the morphology of the slope and the geostructural conditions of the rock walls. This information can be ver

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Shi, Xushan, Bo Chai, Juan Du, Wei Wang, and Bo Liu. "A new analytical method for stability analysis of rock blocks with basal erosion in sub-horizontal strata by considering the eccentricity effect." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 11 (2023): 3425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3425-2023.

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Abstract. The basal cavity of a rock block formed due to differential weathering is an important predisposing factor for rockfall in hard–soft interbedded rocks, which induces an eccentricity situation at the base of the rock block. Rock block falling due to the non-uniform distribution with the failure modes of toppling or sliding is defined as biased rockfall in this study. Taking into account the non-uniform stress distribution due to the eccentricity effect, a new analytical method is proposed for three-dimensional stability analysis of biased rockfall. The development of non-uniform stres

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Borella, Josh Walter, Mark Quigley, and Louise Vick. "Anthropocene rockfalls travel farther than prehistoric predecessors." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (2016): e1600969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600969.

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Human modification of natural landscapes has influenced surface processes in many settings on Earth. Quantitative data comparing the distribution and behavior of geologic phenomena before and after human arrival are sparse but urgently required to evaluate possible anthropogenic influences on geologic hazards. We conduct field and imagery-based mapping, statistical analysis, and numerical modeling of rockfall boulders triggered by the fatal 2011 Christchurch earthquakes (n= 285) and newly identified prehistoric (Holocene and Pleistocene) boulders (n= 1049). Prehistoric and modern boulders are

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Chen, Yuan Chuan, Jia Kun Li, and Ling Gang Ran. "A Review of Rockfall Control Measures along Highway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2385.

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Rockfalls are a constant danger to motorists and to highway facilities in mountainous terrain. Rockfall disaster displays some features such as wide distribution, much quantity, sudden occurrence, randomicity and strong fatalness. Against rockfall hazard along highway, there are two types of protection: passive ones and active ones. In present paper, the authors conduct a systematically summary of rockfall control measures along highway. Seven kinds of key active methods and six kinds of vital passive technologies to prevent and cure rockfall are presented. This review is of certain reference

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